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Zeng FF, Chen ZH, Luo FH, Liu CJ, Yang X, Zhang FX, Shi W. Sophorae tonkinensis radix et rhizoma: A comprehensive review of the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, toxicology and detoxification strategy. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 337:118784. [PMID: 39244176 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sophorae tonkinensis Radix et Rhizoma (STR), the dried root and rhizome of Sophora tonkinensis Gagnep., is commonly used in the treatment of tonsillitis and pharyngitis, throat soreness and throat obstruction, swelling and aching of gum, etc. in China or other Asian countries. STR is usually used as the core herb in traditional Chinese medicine preparations, such as "Biyanling Tablets", "Fufang Muji Granules" and "Ganyanling Injections", etc. AIM OF THE REVIEW: This review aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis of STR in terms of botany, traditional use, phytochemistry, ethnopharmacology, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, toxicology and detoxification strategy, to provide a rational application in future research. MATERIALS AND METHODS The information involved in the study was gathered from a variety of electronic resources, including China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), SciFinder, Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and Chinese Masters and Doctoral Dissertations. RESULTS Till now, a total of 333 chemical components have been identified in STR, including 85 alkaloids, 124 flavonoids, 24 triterpenes, 27 triterpene saponins, 34 organic acids, 8 polysaccharides, etc. STR and its main active constituents have cardiovascular protection, anti-tumor activity, anti-inflammatory activity, antipyretic activity, analgesic activity, antibacterial activity, antifungal activity, antiviral activity, and hepatoprotective activity, etc. However, toxic effects of STR on the liver, nerves, heart, and gastrointestinal tract have also been observed. To mitigate these risks, STR needs attenuation before use, with the most common detoxification methods being processing and combined use with other drugs. The pharmacokinetics of STR in vivo and traditional and clinical prescriptions containing STR have been sorted out. Despite the potential therapeutic benefits of STR, further research is warranted to elucidate its hepatotoxicity, particularly in vivo, exploring aspects such as in vivo metabolism, distribution, and mechanisms. CONCLUSION This review serves to emphasize the therapeutic potential of STR and highlights the crucial need to address its toxicity concerns before considering clinical application. Further research is required to comprehensively investigate the toxicological properties of STR, with particular emphasis on its hepatotoxicity and neurotoxicity. Such research endeavors have the potential to standardize the rational application of STR for optimal therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen-Fen Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Zi-Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Fu-Hui Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Cheng-Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Xia Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Feng-Xiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China.
| | - Wei Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China.
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Han M, Li J, Wu Y, Tang Z. Potential immune-related therapeutic mechanisms of multiple traditional Chinese medicines on type 2 diabetic nephropathy based on bioinformatics, network pharmacology and molecular docking. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 133:112044. [PMID: 38648716 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of type 2 diabetic nephropathy (T2DN) ranges from 20 % to 40 % among individuals with type 2 diabetes. Multiple immune pathways play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of T2DN. This study aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of active ingredients derived from 14 traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) on T2DN. METHODS By removing batch effect on the GSE30528 and GSE96804 datasets, we employed a combination of weighted gene co-expression network analysis, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator analysis, protein-protein interaction network analysis, and the CIBERSORT algorithm to identify the active ingredients of TCMs as well as potential hub biomarkers associated with immune cells. Functional analysis was conducted using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Gene Ontology (GO), and gene set variation analysis (GSVA). Additionally, molecular docking was employed to evaluate interactions between active ingredients and potential immunotherapy targets. RESULTS A total of 638 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in this study, comprising 5 hub genes along with 4 potential biomarkers. Notably, CXCR1, CXCR2, and FOS exhibit significant associations with immune cells while displaying robust or favorable affinities towards the active ingredients kaempferol, quercetin, and luteolin. Furthermore, functional analysis unveiled intricate involvement of DEGs, hub genes and potential biomarkers in pathways closely linked to immunity and diabetes. CONCLUSION The potential hub biomarkers and immunotherapy targets associated with immune cells of T2DN comprise CXCR1, CXCR2, and FOS. Furthermore, kaempferol, quercetin, and luteolin demonstrate potential immunomodulatory effects in modulating T2DN through the regulation of CXCR1, CXCR2, and FOS expression.
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MESH Headings
- Diabetic Nephropathies/drug therapy
- Diabetic Nephropathies/genetics
- Diabetic Nephropathies/immunology
- Humans
- Molecular Docking Simulation
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Medicine, Chinese Traditional
- Computational Biology
- Network Pharmacology
- Protein Interaction Maps
- Receptors, Interleukin-8B/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin-8B/metabolism
- Receptors, Interleukin-8A/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin-8A/metabolism
- Gene Regulatory Networks/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzheng Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiale Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Yuexi Hospital of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University (Xinyi People's Hospital), Xinyi, China
| | - Yijin Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhaoxin Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Biological Activities and Secondary Metabolites from Sophora tonkinensis and Its Endophytic Fungi. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175562. [PMID: 36080327 PMCID: PMC9457587 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The roots of Sophora tonkinensis Gagnep., a traditional Chinese medicine, is known as Shan Dou Gen in the Miao ethnopharmacy. A large number of previous studies have suggested the usage of S. tonkinensis in the folk treatment of lung, stomach, and throat diseases, and the roots of S. tonkinensis have been produced as Chinese patent medicines to treat related diseases. Existing phytochemical works reported more than 300 compounds from different parts and the endophytic fungi of S. tonkinensis. Some of the isolated extracts and monomer compounds from S. tonkinensis have been proved to exhibit diverse biological activities, including anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, and so on. The research progress on the phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of S. tonkinensis have been systematically summarized, which may be useful for its further research.
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Five matrine-type alkaloids from Sophora tonkinensis. J Nat Med 2021; 75:682-687. [PMID: 33656740 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-021-01498-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Five matrine-type alkaloids (1‒5) including two new compounds (1 and 3) and a new natural product (2) were isolated from the roots of Sophora tonkinesis. Their structures were identified by extensive spectroscopic analysis (UV, IR, HRESIMS and NMR). The absolute configurations of 2 and 3 were determined by X-ray diffraction. Compounds 1‒5 were evaluated their activity against inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 levels on LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages, and compound 1 showed the most significant activity, potent than that of matrine, the representative ingredient from Sophora plants.
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Wu YX, Lu WW, Geng YC, Yu CH, Sun HJ, Kim YJ, Zhang G, Kim T. Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Essential Oil Derived from the Wild Rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephala. Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e2000268. [PMID: 32533626 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the chemical composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities of essential oil (EO) derived from the wild rhizomes of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. (AMA) growing in Qimen County (eastern China). GC/MS analysis identified fifteen compounds, representing 92.55 % of AMA EO. The major compounds were atractylone (39.22 %), β-eudesmol (27.70 %), thymol (5.74 %), hinesol (5.50 %), and 11-isopropylidenetricyclo[4.3.1.1(2,5)]undec-3-en-10-one (4.71 %). Ferricyanide reducing, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picyrlhydrazyl (DPPH) and 3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) scavenging assays revealed that AMA EO exhibited strong antioxidant capacities. Additionally, AMA EO showed inhibitory effects on growth of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis, with the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 mg/mL. Treatments with AMA EO also significantly inhibited nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, indicating anti-inflammatory activity of AMA EO. Furthermore, treatments with AMA EO decreased the transcriptional levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which might be the molecular mechanisms underlying its anti-inflammatory effects. Overall, these results provide a theoretical basis for further study and application of AMA EO in food and medicine products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Xiang Wu
- College of Life and Environment Science, Huangshan University, Huangshan, 245041, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Wei Lu
- College of Life and Environment Science, Huangshan University, Huangshan, 245041, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Chuang Geng
- College of Life and Environment Science, Huangshan University, Huangshan, 245041, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Hao Yu
- College of Life and Environment Science, Huangshan University, Huangshan, 245041, P. R. China
| | - Han-Ju Sun
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - You-Jeong Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Andong National University, Andong, 760749, Korea
| | - Gen Zhang
- Shenzhen GenProMetab Biotechnology Company Limited, Shenzhen, 518101, P. R. China
| | - Taewan Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Andong National University, Andong, 760749, Korea
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Huang X, Zhou D, Liang Y, Liu X, Cao F, Qin Y, Mo T, Xu Z, Li J, Yang R. Cytochalasins from endophytic Diaporthe sp. GDG-118. Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:3396-3403. [PMID: 31833797 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1700504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The plant Sophora tonkinensis, possessed a range of active compounds, was traditionally used in the medicine of Chinese minorities. Endophytic fungi were isolated from this plant, of which the fungus Diaporthe sp. GDG-118 was fermented and extracted with methanol. The extract was screened by antifungal and antibacterial assays leading to the discovery of two new 21-acetoxycytochalasins (1-2) and five known cytochalasins (3-7). These two new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses, and further their absolute configurations were determined by the X-ray of compound 3 and comparing their experimental CD spectra. The antibacterial and antifungal effects of these compounds were evaluated. Compound 2 showed significant inhibitory activity against Bacillus anthraci and Escherichia coli with MIC value of 12.5 μg/mL, and 7 showed strong antifungal activity against Alternaria oleracea, Pestalotiopsis theae and Colletotrichum capsici with MIC values of 3.125, 1.56 and 1.56 μg/mL, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xishan Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, P. R. China
| | - Dexiong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, P. R. China
| | - Yan Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobo Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, P. R. China
| | - Fei Cao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, P. R. China
| | - Yuyue Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, P. R. China
| | - Tuxiang Mo
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, P. R. China
| | - Zhaolong Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, P. R. China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, P. R. China
| | - Ruiyun Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, P. R. China
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7
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Aly SH, Elissawy AM, Eldahshan OA, Elshanawany MA, Efferth T, Singab ANB. The pharmacology of the genus Sophora (Fabaceae): An updated review. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 64:153070. [PMID: 31514082 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.153070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genus Sophora (Fabaceae) represents one of the important medicinal plant genera regarding its chemical constituents and outstanding pharmacological activities. PURPOSE In this review, we surveyed the latest findings on the bioactivities of different Sophora extracts and isolated phytochemicals during the past 8 years (2011-2019) updating the latest review article in 2011. The aim of this review is to focus on the molecular pharmacology of Sophora species to provide the rationale basis for the development of novel drugs. RESULTS Sophora and its bioactive compounds possess outstanding pharmacological properties, especially as anticancer and anti-inflammatory drugs, in addition to its antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral properties. CONCLUSION Based on their use in traditional medicine, Sophora species exert a plethora of cellular and molecular activities, which render them as attractive candidates for rationale drug development. Randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials are required for further integration of Sophora-based phototherapies into conventional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaza H Aly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Elissawy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, 11566, Cairo, Egypt; Center of Drug Discovery Research and Development, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omayma A Eldahshan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, 11566, Cairo, Egypt; Center of Drug Discovery Research and Development, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Abdel Nasser B Singab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, 11566, Cairo, Egypt; Center of Drug Discovery Research and Development, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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8
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Quinolizidine alkaloids from Sophora tonkinensis and their anti-inflammatory activities. Fitoterapia 2019; 139:104391. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2019.104391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Preparative Purification of Total Flavonoids from Sophora tonkinensis Gagnep. by Macroporous Resin Column Chromatography and Comparative Analysis of Flavonoid Profiles by HPLC-PAD. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24173200. [PMID: 31484401 PMCID: PMC6749409 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
For the full development and utilization of Sophora tonkinensis Gagnep., this study was primarily intended to established a simple and efficient approach for the preparative purification of total flavonoids from S. tonkinensis by macroporous resin column chromatography (MRCC). The adsorption and desorption characteristics of the total flavonoids on ten macroporous resins were first studied, and AB-8 resin was chosen as the most suitable, and the adsorption data were best fitted to the pseudo-second-order kinetics model and Langmuir isotherm model. Furthermore, the technological parameters for the purification of the total flavonoids were optimized using column chromatography. After a sample one-step purification procedure, the content of the total flavonoids increased by about 4.76-fold from 12.14% to 57.82%, with a recovery yield of 84.93%. In addition, the comparative analysis of the flavonoid extracts before and after purification was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode-array detection (HPLC-PAD). The results showed that the contents of six major flavonoids in the purified product were all higher than before the purification. Therefore, the AB-8 MRCC established in this work was a promising method for the industrial-scale purification of the total flavonoids from S. tonkinensis.
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Wu C, He L, Yi X, Qin J, Li Y, Zhang Y, Wang G. Three new alkaloids from the roots of Sophora tonkinensis. J Nat Med 2019; 73:667-671. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-019-01313-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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11
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Anti-inflammatory effects of naturally occurring retinoid X receptor agonists isolated from Sophora tonkinensis Gagnep. via retinoid X receptor/liver X receptor heterodimers. J Nat Med 2019; 73:419-430. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-018-01277-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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12
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Dong H, Geng Y, Wang X, Song X, Wang X, Yu J. Chemical Constituents from Scindapsus officinalis (Roxb.) Schott. and Their Anti⁻Inflammatory Activities. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102577. [PMID: 30304808 PMCID: PMC6222759 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
One new monoterpene glycoside (1), one new phenyl glycoside (2), one new caffeoyl derivative (3), were isolated from Scindapsus officinalis (Roxb.) Schott., along with four known compounds (4–7). Structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by extensive analysis of spectroscopic data, especially 2D NMR data and comparison with literatures. All isolates were evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity against nitric oxide (NO) production in vitro. Compounds 3 and 7 exhibited moderate inhibitory effects on NO production with IC50 values of 12.2 ± 0.8 and 18.9 ± 0.3 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjing Dong
- Shandong Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control Technology, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Yanling Geng
- Shandong Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control Technology, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Xueyong Wang
- College of Chinese Mareria Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Xiangyun Song
- Shandong Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control Technology, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Xiao Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control Technology, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Jinqian Yu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control Technology, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China.
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Liu YC, Hsiao YY, Ku KL, Liao HF, Chao WC. Mahonia oiwakensis Extract and Its Bioactive Compounds Exert Anti-Inflammatory Activities and VEGF Production Through M2-Macrophagic Polarization and STAT6 Activation. J Med Food 2018; 21:654-664. [PMID: 29652553 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.4084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play an indispensable role in the host immune defense. Macrophages can undergo polarization into classically (M1) and alternatively (M2) activated macrophages. M1 macrophages activate immune and inflammatory response, while M2 macrophages are involved in tissue remodeling. Mahonia oiwakensis (Mo) is a herbal medicine in Asia used for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties; however, the mechanism is unclear. This study analyzed the effect of Mo extracts and its effects on the polarization of both macrophage RAW264.7 cells and mouse splenic macrophages. Water (Mo-W) and EtOH extracts (Mo-E) did not change the viability of RAW264.7 cells, whereas Mo-E inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production. The major compounds, berberine and palmatine, decreased the viability and NO levels of cells. The secretion of inflammatory cytokines CXCL16, IL-6, L-selectin, MCP1, RANTES, and sTNF-R1 was downregulated, whereas the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was upregulated by Mo-E, berberine, and palmatine treatments. Mo-E, berberine, and palmatine stimulated the expression of macrophage CD68 and M2-type CD204 markers, decreased M1-mediated p-STAT1 and NF-κB, and increased M2-mediated p-STAT6 expression. Similar effects on M2 polarization were also observed in splenic macrophages from mice. In conclusion, Mo-E, berberine, and palmatine modulated macrophages through the suppression of M1-mediated inflammation and the recruitment of M2-mediated VEGF secretion and STAT6 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yea-Chen Liu
- 1 Department of Biological Resources, National Chiayi University , Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ying Hsiao
- 2 Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University , Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Lung Ku
- 3 Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University , Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Fen Liao
- 2 Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University , Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chun Chao
- 4 Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, National Chiayi University , Chiayi, Taiwan
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Yoo H, Kang M, Pyo S, Chae HS, Ryu KH, Kim J, Chin YW. SKI3301, a purified herbal extract from Sophora tonkinensis, inhibited airway inflammation and bronchospasm in allergic asthma animal models in vivo. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 206:298-305. [PMID: 28506902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sophora tonkinensis (Leguminosae, ST) is a traditional herbal plant in Korea and China. Its roots and rhizomes have been used to dissipate heat, to clear toxic material and to treat acute pharyngolaryngeal infections and sore throats. AIM OF STUDY In this study, we tried to investigate the anti-inflammatory and anti-asthmatic effects of a purified extract (SKI3301) from Sophora tonkinensis using in vitro enzyme assay models and ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma animal models. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of SKI3301 on pro-inflammatory enzymes such as 5-lipoxygenase, phosphodiesterase 3 & 4, and thromboxane synthase was assayed in vitro. BALB/c mice were sensitized with OVA/Alum ip injection and nebulized with OVA to induce airway inflammation. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was collected and analyzed for leukocytes infiltration and IL-5 production along with lung histopathology. Guinea pigs passively sensitized with anti-OVA antiserum were used to investigate the effect of SKI3301 on bronchospasm in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS SKI3301 potently inhibited the activities of 5-lipoxygenase, phosphodiesterase 3 & 4, and thromboxane synthase. Orally administered SKI3301 attenuated the total leukocytes and eosinophil infiltration and IL-5 level in BAL fluids. Histopathological changes associated with lung inflammation were also reduced by SKI3301. SKI3301 inhibited OVA-induced contraction of isolated trachea from sensitized guinea pigs. SKI3301 also protected OVA-induced bronchoconstriction in the sensitized guinea pigs. Maackiain, one of 3 major components of SKI3301, was effective in inhibiting 5-lipoxygenase and OVA-induced airway inflammation. CONCLUSION In this study, SKI3301 potently inhibited pro-inflammatory enzymes and attenuated OVA-induced bronchospasm in animal model of allergic asthma. These results suggest that SKI3301 may have therapeutic potential for allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunseung Yoo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08862, Republic of Korea; New Drug Preclinical & Analytical Team, Life Science R&D Center, SK Chemicals, 310 Pangyo-ro, 463-400 Republic of Korea
| | - Minseok Kang
- New Drug Preclinical & Analytical Team, Life Science R&D Center, SK Chemicals, 310 Pangyo-ro, 463-400 Republic of Korea
| | - Sungsoo Pyo
- New Drug Preclinical & Analytical Team, Life Science R&D Center, SK Chemicals, 310 Pangyo-ro, 463-400 Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Sung Chae
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-lo, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Ho Ryu
- New Drug Preclinical & Analytical Team, Life Science R&D Center, SK Chemicals, 310 Pangyo-ro, 463-400 Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoong Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08862, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Won Chin
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-lo, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Chae HS, Yoo H, Kim YM, Choi YH, Lee CH, Chin YW. Correction: Chae, H.S., et al. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of 6,8-Diprenyl-7,4'-dihydroxyflavanone from Sophora tonkinensis on Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells. Molecules. 2016, 21, 1049. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21101413. [PMID: 27783049 PMCID: PMC6273183 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21101413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Sung Chae
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410-820, Korea.
| | - Hunseung Yoo
- New Drug Preclinical & Analytical Team, Life Science R & D Center, SK Chemicals, 310 Pangyo-ro 463-400, Korea.
| | - Young-Mi Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410-820, Korea.
| | - Young Hee Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410-820, Korea.
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410-820, Korea.
| | - Young-Won Chin
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410-820, Korea.
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