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Ashrafi E, Sauvageau D, Elliott JAW. Effects of different cryopreservation parameters on the differences between trypan blue and fluorescent SYTO 13/GelRed assays. Cryobiology 2024; 116:104883. [PMID: 38452848 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2024.104883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Post-thaw cell viability assessment is very important in cryopreservation because it is the main assessment method used to optimize cryopreservation protocols for each cell type; hence, having standardized accurate, quick, and reliable assays for post-thaw cell viability measurements is of utmost importance. The trypan blue exclusion assay and nucleic-acid-binding fluorescence-based assays are two different methods for cell viability assessment. Both assays identify cells with damaged membranes by whether they let a compound enter the cell. In this study, these two assays are compared in the context of cryopreservation and the impacts of important cryopreservation parameters on the differences in measurements are investigated. H9c2 myoblasts were cryopreserved with different freezing protocols. Cell membrane integrities were measured immediately after thaw as well as after cryoprotectant removal by a hemocytometer-based trypan blue dye exclusion assay and a dual fluorometric SYTO 13/GelRed assay; and the results were compared. This study quantifies how (i) the absence or presence of different cryoprotectants, (ii) different cell-cryoprotectant incubation conditions, and (iii) the presence or removal of cryoprotectants after thaw affect the differences between these two viability assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Ashrafi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Dominic Sauvageau
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Janet A W Elliott
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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von Eyben FE, Kairemo K, Kapp DS. Prostate-Specific Antigen as an Ultrasensitive Biomarker for Patients with Early Recurrent Prostate Cancer: How Low Shall We Go? A Systematic Review. Biomedicines 2024; 12:822. [PMID: 38672176 PMCID: PMC11048591 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) needs to be monitored with ultrasensitive PSA assays (uPSAs) for oncologists to be able to start salvage radiotherapy (SRT) while PSA is <0.5 µg/L for patients with prostate cancer (PCa) relapsing after a radical prostatectomy (RP). Our systematic review (SR) aimed to summarize uPSAs for patients with localized PCa. The SR was registered as InPLASY2023110084. We searched for studies on Google Scholar, PUBMED and reference lists of reviews and studies. We only included studies on uPSAs published in English and excluded studies of women, animals, sarcoidosis and reviews. Of the 115 included studies, 39 reported PSA assay methods and 76 reported clinical findings. Of 67,479 patients, 14,965 developed PSA recurrence (PSAR) and 2663 died. Extremely low PSA nadir and early developments of PSA separated PSAR-prone from non-PSAR-prone patients (cumulative p value 3.7 × 1012). RP patients with the lowest post-surgery PSA nadir and patients who had the lowest PSA at SRT had the fewest deaths. In conclusion, PSA for patients with localized PCa in the pre-PSAR phase of PCa is strongly associated with later PSAR and survival. A rising but still exceedingly low PSA at SRT predicts a good 5-year overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kalevi Kairemo
- Department of Molecular Radiotherapy & Nuclear Medicine, Docrates Cancer Center, FI-00185 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Daniel S. Kapp
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Ahmadi-Sangachin E, Mohammadnejad J, Hosseini M. Fluorescence self-assembled DNA hydrogel for the determination of prostate specific antigen by aggregation induced emission. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 303:123234. [PMID: 37582316 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an aptamer-based, functionalized-DNA hydrogel system is developed for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) detection. A pure DNA hydrogel is constructed using specific DNA building blocks and an aptamer as a cross-linker. Firstly, silver nanoclusters (AgNCs) are constructed on the Y-shaped DNA (Y-DNA) building blocks. Then, the DNA hydrogel was formed via the addition of the cross-linker to the Y-DNA solution. In this case, the fluorescence emission of silver nanoclusters that have accumulated in the hydrogel increases due to aggregation-induced emission (AIE). The presence of PSA and its subsequent interaction with its specific aptamer dissolve the hydrogel structures, which leads to a low emission intensity. A great linear relationship was attained in this assay in the range of 0.05 to 8 ng mL-1 with a detection limit of 4.4 pg mL-1 for the detection of PSA. Additionally, the proposed aptasensor was successfully used to detect PSA in human serum samples. The recovery for different concentrations of PSA was in the range of 96.1% to 99.3%, and the RSD range was from 2.3% to 4.5%. Comparing our method to current ones in the field of PSA detection proves that our platform benefits from a simpler procedure, lower cost, and better efficiency, providing high potential for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Ahmadi-Sangachin
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences & Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 1439817435, Iran
| | - Javad Mohammadnejad
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences & Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 1439817435, Iran.
| | - Morteza Hosseini
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences & Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 1439817435, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials, Medical Biomaterials Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Makhneva E, Sklenárová D, Brandmeier JC, Hlaváček A, Gorris HH, Skládal P, Farka Z. Influence of Label and Solid Support on the Performance of Heterogeneous Immunoassays. Anal Chem 2022; 94:16376-16383. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Makhneva
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dorota Sklenárová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- CEITEC MU, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Julian C. Brandmeier
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Antonín Hlaváček
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 967, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hans H. Gorris
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Skládal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- CEITEC MU, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Farka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- CEITEC MU, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Majd Shokorlou Y, Heidarzadeh H. Multispectral plasmonic biosensors based on a Penta-supercell metamaterial for detection of prostate-specific antigen: Ultrasensitive in LC resonance mode. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 217:114722. [PMID: 36152395 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Here, the detection of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was done using a refractive index sensor based on a plasmonic Penta-supercells metamaterial array. The proposed Penta-supercells metamaterial array consists of four split ring-shaped supercells and a multiplication-shaped supercell in the middle. The results were validated using the three-dimensional Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) numerical method. The detection of low-concentration biomolecules is a typical drawback of conventional plasmonic biosensors. Our designed Penta-supercells shape biosensor benefits from an ultra-sensitivity. In our designed biosensor, simultaneous excitations of three main plasmon (inductance-capacitance (LC), quadrupole, and dipole) modes can occur, and the LC mode shows a superior sensitivity. The structure was designed optimally, and three different types of metals (Au, Ag, and Al) were examined. LC mode appeiers in Ag and Au and this mode is not seen in Al. Also, the results of this study show the superiority of Ag to Au and Al. Based on the results of this study, the proposed structure achieves a record high sensitivity of 2256 nm/RIU in LC mode and high sensitivity of 1022 nm/RIU in quadrupole mode, and 494 nm/RIU in dipole mode. As another result, the proposed structure is insensitive to orthogonal polarization. The full utilization of these three resonance plasmon modes shows bright prospects for multi-spectral application. In the case of biosensor application, the designed Penta-supercells-based biosensor and its ultra-high sensitivity of 2256 nm/RIU (4.5 times larger than the sensitivity of conventional plasmonic structures) can help the medical to detect low concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younes Majd Shokorlou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Hamid Heidarzadeh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
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Pourmadadi M, Soleimani Dinani H, Saeidi Tabar F, Khassi K, Janfaza S, Tasnim N, Hoorfar M. Properties and Applications of Graphene and Its Derivatives in Biosensors for Cancer Detection: A Comprehensive Review. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12050269. [PMID: 35624570 PMCID: PMC9138779 DOI: 10.3390/bios12050269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the deadliest diseases worldwide, and there is a critical need for diagnostic platforms for applications in early cancer detection. The diagnosis of cancer can be made by identifying abnormal cell characteristics such as functional changes, a number of vital proteins in the body, abnormal genetic mutations and structural changes, and so on. Identifying biomarker candidates such as DNA, RNA, mRNA, aptamers, metabolomic biomolecules, enzymes, and proteins is one of the most important challenges. In order to eliminate such challenges, emerging biomarkers can be identified by designing a suitable biosensor. One of the most powerful technologies in development is biosensor technology based on nanostructures. Recently, graphene and its derivatives have been used for diverse diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Graphene-based biosensors have exhibited significant performance with excellent sensitivity, selectivity, stability, and a wide detection range. In this review, the principle of technology, advances, and challenges in graphene-based biosensors such as field-effect transistors (FET), fluorescence sensors, SPR biosensors, and electrochemical biosensors to detect different cancer cells is systematically discussed. Additionally, we provide an outlook on the properties, applications, and challenges of graphene and its derivatives, such as Graphene Oxide (GO), Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO), and Graphene Quantum Dots (GQDs), in early cancer detection by nanobiosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrab Pourmadadi
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417935840, Iran; (M.P.); (F.S.T.)
| | - Homayoon Soleimani Dinani
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA;
| | - Fatemeh Saeidi Tabar
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417935840, Iran; (M.P.); (F.S.T.)
| | - Kajal Khassi
- Department of Textile Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 8415683111, Iran;
| | - Sajjad Janfaza
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada; (S.J.); (N.T.)
| | - Nishat Tasnim
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada; (S.J.); (N.T.)
- School of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Mina Hoorfar
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada; (S.J.); (N.T.)
- School of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Applications of hybridization chain reaction optical detection incorporating nanomaterials: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1190:338930. [PMID: 34857127 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The development of powerful, simple and cost-effective signal amplifiers has significant implications for biological research and analysis. Hybridization chain reaction (HCR) has attracted increasing attention because of its enzyme-free, simple, and efficient amplification. In the HCR process, an initiator probe triggered a pair of metastable hairpins through a cross-opening process to propagate a chain reaction of hybridization events, yielding a long-nicked double-stranded nucleic acid structure. To achieve more noticeable signal amplification, nanomaterials, including graphene oxide, quantum dots, gold, silver, magnetic, and other nanoparticles, were integrated with HCR. Various types of colorimetric, fluorescence, plasmonic analyses or chemiluminescence optical sensing strategies incorporating nanomaterials have been developed to analyze various targets, such as nucleic acids, small biomolecules, proteins, and metal ions. This review summarized the recent advances of HCR technology pairing diverse nanomaterials in optical detection and discussed their challenges.
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The use of aptamers in prostate cancer: A systematic review of theranostic applications. Clin Biochem 2021; 93:9-25. [PMID: 33794195 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2021.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Since prostate cancer (PCa) relies on limited diagnosis and therapies, more effective alternatives are needed. Aptamers are versatile tools that may be applied for better clinical management of PCa patients. This review shows the trends on aptamer-based applications for PCa to understand their future development. We searched articles reporting aptamers applied in PCa on the Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science databases over the last decade. Almost 80% of the articles used previously selected aptamers in novel approaches. However, cell-SELEX was the most applied technique for the selection of new aptamers allowing their binding to targets in their native configuration. ssDNA aptamers were 24% more common than RNA aptamers. The most studied PCa-specific aptamers were the DNA PSA-specific aptamer PSap4#5 and the PSMA-specific RNA aptamers A10 and A9, being PSA and PSMA the most reported targets. Thus, researchers still prefer the ease of use of DNA aptamers. Blood-based liquid biopsies represented 24% of all samples, being the most promising clinical samples. Especially noteworthy, electro-analytical methods accounted for more than 40% of the diagnostic techniques and treatment approaches with drug delivery systems or transcriptional modifiers were reported in 70% of the articles. Although all these articles showed clinically relevant aptamers for PCa and there are good prospects for their use, the development of all these strategies was in its early stages. Thus, the aptamers are not completely validated and we foresee that the completion of clinical studies will allow the implementation of these aptamer-based technologies in the clinical practice of PCa.
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Zhao X, Dai X, Zhao S, Cui X, Gong T, Song Z, Meng H, Zhang X, Yu B. Aptamer-based fluorescent sensors for the detection of cancer biomarkers. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 247:119038. [PMID: 33120124 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Aptamers are short single-stranded RNA or DNA molecules that can recognize a series of targets with high affinity and specificity. Known as "chemical antibodies", aptamers have many unique merits, including ease of chemical synthesis, high chemical stability, low molecular weight, lack of immunogenicity, and ease of modification and manipulation compared to their protein counterparts. Using aptamers as the recognition groups, fluorescent aptasensors provide exciting opportunities for sensitive detection and quantification of analytes. Herein, we give an overview on the recent development of aptamer-based fluorescent sensors for the detection of cancer biomarkers. Based on various nanostructured sensor designs, we extended our discussions on sensitivity, specificity and the potential applications of aptamer-based fluorescent sensors in early diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhua Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Xiaochun Dai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Suya Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Xiaohua Cui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Tao Gong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Zhiling Song
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Hongmin Meng
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaobing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Baofeng Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China.
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LSPR biosensing for the early-stage prostate cancer detection using hydrogen bonds between PSA and antibody: Molecular dynamic and experimental study. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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11
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A label-free fluorescence method based on terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase and thioflavin T for detecting prostate-specific antigen. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:5779-5784. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01958-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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