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McLoone P, Oladejo TO, Kassym L, McDougall GJ. Honey Phytochemicals: Bioactive Agents With Therapeutic Potential for Dermatological Disorders. Phytother Res 2024. [PMID: 39324175 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Honey has been reported to have a range of biological activities including antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and wound healing effects. Indeed, medical-grade honey is currently used in hospitals for the clinical management of wound infections. Honey is also of scientific interest for its therapeutic effects on other dermatological disorders such as atopic dermatitis, rosacea, and skin cancer. Recent studies have uncovered that honey contains a range of phytochemicals including flavonoids, dicarboxylic acids, coumarins, and phenolic acids. In this review, PubMed was used to search the scientific literature on the biological properties of honey phytochemicals in relation to dermatological disorders and to evaluate their potential as bioactive agents, drugs, or cosmeceuticals for the treatment of skin disease. The review revealed that phytochemicals found in honey have antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiaging, antioxidant, anticancer, depigmenting, photoprotective, wound healing, and skin barrier enhancing properties. Although further high-quality studies are required to establish clinical efficacy, these findings suggest that honey phytochemicals may have the potential to be used as bioactive agents for the management of a range of dermatological disorders including wounds, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, vitiligo, rosacea, and skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline McLoone
- School of Medicine, University of Kurdistan Hewlêr, Erbil, Iraq
- School of Molecular Biosciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Toheeb Olalekan Oladejo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Laura Kassym
- Department of General Medical Practice With a Course of Evidence-Based Medicine, NJSC, Astana Medical University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Gordon J McDougall
- Plant Biochemistry and Food Quality Group, Environmental and Biochemical Sciences Department, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, Scotland
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Koch W, Zagórska J, Michalak-Tomczyk M, Karav S, Wawruszak A. Plant Phenolics in the Prevention and Therapy of Acne: A Comprehensive Review. Molecules 2024; 29:4234. [PMID: 39275081 PMCID: PMC11397085 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29174234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Plants are a rich source of secondary metabolites, among which phenolics are the most abundant. To date, over 8000 various polyphenolic compounds have been identified in plant species, among which phenolic acids, flavonoids, coumarins, stilbenes and lignans are the most important ones. Acne is one of the most commonly treated dermatological diseases, among which acne vulgaris and rosacea are the most frequently diagnosed. In the scientific literature, there is a lack of a detailed scientific presentation and discussion on the importance of plant phenolics in the treatment of the most common specific skin diseases, e.g., acne. Therefore, the aim of this review is to gather, present and discuss the current state of knowledge on the activity of various plant phenolics towards the prevention and treatment of acne, including in vitro, in vivo and human studies. It was revealed that because of their significant antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, phenolic compounds may be used in the treatment of various types of acne, individually as well as in combination with commonly used drugs like clindamycin and benzoyl peroxide. Among the various phenolics that have been tested, EGCG, quercetin and nobiletin seem to be the most promising ones; however, more studies, especially clinical trials, are needed to fully evaluate their efficacy in treating acne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Koch
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Justyna Zagórska
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Michalak-Tomczyk
- Department of Animal Physiology and Toxicology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1I Street, 20-708 Lublin, Poland
| | - Sercan Karav
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale 17000, Türkiye
| | - Anna Wawruszak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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Bălașoiu (Jigău) RAC, Obistioiu D, Hulea A, Suleiman MA, Popescu I, Floares (Oarga) D, Imbrea IM, Neacșu AG, Șmuleac L, Pașcalău R, Crista L, Popescu CA, Samfira I, Imbrea F. Analysing the Antibacterial Synergistic Interactions of Romanian Lavender Essential Oils via Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry: In Vitro and In Silico Approaches. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2136. [PMID: 39124254 PMCID: PMC11313841 DOI: 10.3390/plants13152136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the phytochemical characteristics, antibacterial activity, and synergistic potential of essential oils derived from Romanian lavender. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis revealed that linalool is the main compound in all lavender essential oils, with concentrations ranging from 29.410% to 35.769%. Linalyl acetate was found in similar concentrations to linalool. Other significant compounds included 1,8-cineole (8.50%), lavandulyl acetate (5.38%), trans-β-ocimene (6.90%), and camphor (7.7%). A 1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test was used to assess antioxidant capacity, with substantial free-radical-scavenging activity shown in the IC50 values determined. The antibacterial efficacy of the oils was higher against Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative bacteria, with variations in minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), the extent of inhibition, and evolution patterns. The study also explored the oils' ability to enhance the efficacy of ampicillin, revealing synergistic interactions expressed as fractional inhibitory concentration indices. In silico protein-ligand docking studies used twenty-one compounds identified by GC-MS with bacterial protein targets, showing notable binding interactions with SasG (-6.3 kcal/mol to -4.6 kcal/mol) and KAS III (-6.2 kcal/mol to -4.9 kcal/mol). Overall, the results indicate that Romanian lavender essential oils possess potent antioxidant and antibacterial properties, and their synergistic interaction with ampicillin has potential for enhancing antibiotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Aurelia C. Bălașoiu (Jigău)
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences “King Michael I” from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (R.A.C.B.); (A.H.); (I.P.); (D.F.); (A.-G.N.); (L.Ș.); (R.P.); (L.C.); (C.A.P.); (I.S.); (F.I.)
| | - Diana Obistioiu
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences “King Michael I” from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (R.A.C.B.); (A.H.); (I.P.); (D.F.); (A.-G.N.); (L.Ș.); (R.P.); (L.C.); (C.A.P.); (I.S.); (F.I.)
| | - Anca Hulea
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences “King Michael I” from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (R.A.C.B.); (A.H.); (I.P.); (D.F.); (A.-G.N.); (L.Ș.); (R.P.); (L.C.); (C.A.P.); (I.S.); (F.I.)
| | - Mukhtar Adeiza Suleiman
- Faculty of Life Science, Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810107, Nigeria;
| | - Iuliana Popescu
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences “King Michael I” from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (R.A.C.B.); (A.H.); (I.P.); (D.F.); (A.-G.N.); (L.Ș.); (R.P.); (L.C.); (C.A.P.); (I.S.); (F.I.)
| | - Doris Floares (Oarga)
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences “King Michael I” from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (R.A.C.B.); (A.H.); (I.P.); (D.F.); (A.-G.N.); (L.Ș.); (R.P.); (L.C.); (C.A.P.); (I.S.); (F.I.)
| | - Ilinca Merima Imbrea
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Technologies, University of Life Sciences “King Michael I” from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Alina-Georgeta Neacșu
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences “King Michael I” from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (R.A.C.B.); (A.H.); (I.P.); (D.F.); (A.-G.N.); (L.Ș.); (R.P.); (L.C.); (C.A.P.); (I.S.); (F.I.)
| | - Laura Șmuleac
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences “King Michael I” from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (R.A.C.B.); (A.H.); (I.P.); (D.F.); (A.-G.N.); (L.Ș.); (R.P.); (L.C.); (C.A.P.); (I.S.); (F.I.)
| | - Raul Pașcalău
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences “King Michael I” from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (R.A.C.B.); (A.H.); (I.P.); (D.F.); (A.-G.N.); (L.Ș.); (R.P.); (L.C.); (C.A.P.); (I.S.); (F.I.)
| | - Laura Crista
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences “King Michael I” from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (R.A.C.B.); (A.H.); (I.P.); (D.F.); (A.-G.N.); (L.Ș.); (R.P.); (L.C.); (C.A.P.); (I.S.); (F.I.)
| | - Cosmin Alin Popescu
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences “King Michael I” from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (R.A.C.B.); (A.H.); (I.P.); (D.F.); (A.-G.N.); (L.Ș.); (R.P.); (L.C.); (C.A.P.); (I.S.); (F.I.)
| | - Ionel Samfira
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences “King Michael I” from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (R.A.C.B.); (A.H.); (I.P.); (D.F.); (A.-G.N.); (L.Ș.); (R.P.); (L.C.); (C.A.P.); (I.S.); (F.I.)
| | - Florin Imbrea
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences “King Michael I” from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (R.A.C.B.); (A.H.); (I.P.); (D.F.); (A.-G.N.); (L.Ș.); (R.P.); (L.C.); (C.A.P.); (I.S.); (F.I.)
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Vishnupriya N, Sankar MM, Vimal S, Radhakrishnan N. STITCH and Molecular Docking Analysis of Selected Wood Apple ( Limonia acidissima) Constituents as Anti-Dandruff and Anti-Acne Agents. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2024; 16:S1167-S1172. [PMID: 38882809 PMCID: PMC11174285 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_508_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Wood apple (Limonia acidissima) has been reported to possess various pharmacological activities. The present study aimed to evaluate the 11 selected constituents of Wood apple (L. acidissima) as potent anti-dandruff and anti-acne agents using a molecular docking approach. Materials and Methods The 11 selected constituents of Wood apple were studied on the molecular docking behavior of Malassezia globosa Lipase-1 and Cutibacterium acnes beta-keto acyl synthase-III enzymes by using the patchdock method. Furthermore, STITCH analysis was carried out to determine the ligand-protein interactions. STITCH analysis reveals that two ligands, namely, psoralen and umbelliferone, have exhibited interactions with both the M. globosa and P. acnes KPA 171202 proteins. Results The docking studies revealed that isopimpinellin and saponarin exhibited the highest (ACE) atomic contact energy (-162.32 and - 318.63 kcal/mol) with that of M. globosa Lipase-1 and C. acnes beta-ketoacyl synthase-III, respectively. Conclusion Thus, the present finding provides new knowledge for understanding the 11 selected ligands of Wood apple (L. acidissima) as potent anti-dandruff and anti-acne agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Vishnupriya
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (Deemed to be University), Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Mani Sankar
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (Deemed to be University), Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Vimal
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (Deemed to be University), Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Radhakrishnan
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (Deemed to be University), Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Blicharska N, Ben Ahmed Z, Jackson S, Rotondo D, Seidel V. In silico studies on the anti-acne potential of Garcinia mangostana xanthones and benzophenones. Z NATURFORSCH C 2024; 79:47-60. [PMID: 38549398 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2023-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Garcinia mangostana fruits are used traditionally for inflammatory skin conditions, including acne. In this study, an in silico approach was employed to predict the interactions of G. mangostana xanthones and benzophenones with three proteins involved in the pathogenicity of acne, namely the human JNK1, Cutibacterium acnes KAS III and exo-β-1,4-mannosidase. Molecular docking analysis was performed using Autodock Vina. The highest docking scores and size-independent ligand efficiency values towards JNK1, C. acnes KAS III and exo-β-1,4-mannosidase were obtained for garcinoxanthone T, gentisein/2,4,6,3',5'-pentahydroxybenzophenone and mangostanaxanthone VI, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the potential of xanthones and benzophenones to interact with C. acnes KAS III. Molecular dynamics simulations using GROMACS indicated that the JNK1-garcinoxanthone T complex had the highest stability of all ligand-protein complexes, with a high number of hydrogen bonds predicted to form between this ligand and its target. Petra/Osiris/Molinspiration (POM) analysis was also conducted to determine pharmacophore sites and predict the molecular properties of ligands influencing ADMET. All ligands, except for mangostanaxanthone VI, showed good membrane permeability. Garcinoxanthone T, gentisein and 2,4,6,3',5'-pentahydroxybenzophenone were identified as the most promising compounds to explore further, including in experimental studies, for their anti-acne potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Blicharska
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, 3527 University of Strathclyde , Glasgow, UK
| | - Ziyad Ben Ahmed
- Laboratory of Fundamental Science, University Amar Telidji, Laghouat, Algeria
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Applied Chemometrics and Molecular Modelling, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Simon Jackson
- Botanical Research Department, Davines S.p.A. Via Don Angelo Calzolari 55/A, Parma 43126, Italy
| | - Dino Rotondo
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, 3527 University of Strathclyde , Glasgow, UK
| | - Veronique Seidel
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, 3527 University of Strathclyde , Glasgow, UK
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Wang S, Li C, Zhang L, Sun B, Cui Y, Sang F. Isolation and biological activity of natural chalcones based on antibacterial mechanism classification. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 93:117454. [PMID: 37659218 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infection, which is still one of the leading causes of death in humans, poses an enormous threat to the worldwide public health system. Antibiotics are the primary medications used to treat bacterial diseases. Currently, the discovery of antibiotics has reached an impasse, and due to the abuse of antibiotics resulting in bacterial antibiotic resistance, researchers have a critical desire to develop new antibacterial agents in order to combat the deteriorating antibacterial situation. Natural chalcones, the flavonoids consisting of two phenolic rings and a three-carbon α, β-unsaturated carbonyl system, possess a variety of biological and pharmacological properties, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and so on. Due to their potent antibacterial properties, natural chalcones possess the potential to become a new treatment for infectious diseases that circumvents existing antibiotic resistance. Currently, the majority of research on natural chalcones focuses on their synthesis, biological and pharmacological activities, etc. A few studies have been conducted on their antibacterial activity and mechanism. Therefore, this review focuses on the antibacterial activity and mechanisms of seventeen natural chalcones. Firstly, seventeen natural chalcones have been classified based on differences in antibacterial mechanisms. Secondly, a summary of the isolation and biological activity of seventeen natural chalcones was provided, with a focus on their antibacterial activity. Thirdly, the antibacterial mechanisms of natural chalcones were summarized, including those that act on bacterial cell membranes, biological macromolecules, biofilms, and quorum sensing systems. This review aims to lay the groundwork for the discovery of novel antibacterial agents based on chalcones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, PR China
| | - Chuang Li
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, PR China
| | - Liyan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, PR China
| | - Bingxia Sun
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, PR China
| | - Yuting Cui
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, PR China.
| | - Feng Sang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, PR China.
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Kapoor S, Padwad YS. Phloretin suppresses intestinal inflammation and maintained epithelial tight junction integrity by modulating cytokines secretion in in vitro model of gut inflammation. Cell Immunol 2023; 391-392:104754. [PMID: 37506521 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2023.104754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is a type of inflammatory bowel disease which in long run can lead to colorectal cancer (CRC). Chronic inflammation can be a key factor for the occurrence of CRC thus mitigating an inflammation can be a preventive strategy for the occurrence of CRC. In this study we have explored the anti-inflammatory potential of phloretin, in in vitro gut inflammation model, developed by co-culture of Caco2 (intestinal epithelial) cells and RAW264.7 macrophages (immune cells). Phloretin is a dihydrochalcone present in apple, pear and strawberries. An anti-inflammatory effect of phloretin in reducing LPS induced inflammation and maintenance of transepithelial electric resistance (TEER) in Caco2 cells was examined. Paracellular permeability assay was performed using Lucifer yellow dye to evaluate the effect of phloretin in inhibiting gut leakiness caused by inflammatory mediators secreted by activated macrophages. Phloretin attenuated LPS induced nitric oxide levels, oxidative stress, depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential in Caco2 cells as evidenced by reduction in reactive oxygen species (ROS), and enhancement of MMP, and decrease in inflammatory cytokines IL8, TNFα, IL1β and IL6. It exhibited anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the expression of NFκB, iNOS and Cox2. Phloretin maintained the epithelial integrity by regulating the expression of tight junction proteins ZO1, occludin, Claudin1 and JAM. Phloretin reduced LPS induced levels of Cox2 along with the reduction in Src expression which further regulated an expression of tight junction protein occludin. Phloretin in combination to sodium pyruvate exhibited potential anti-inflammatory activity via targeting NFkB signaling. Our findings paved a way to position phloretin as nutraceutical in preventing the occurrence of colitis and culmination of disease into colitis associated colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Kapoor
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Lab, Dietetics & Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Yogendra S Padwad
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Lab, Dietetics & Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Lee H, Kim B, Kim M, Yoo S, Lee J, Hwang E, Kim Y. Characterization of the Antimicrobial Activities of Trichoplusia ni Cecropin A as a High-Potency Therapeutic against Colistin-Resistant Escherichia coli. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1752. [PMID: 37376200 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The spread of colistin-resistant bacteria is a serious threat to public health. As an alternative to traditional antibiotics, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) show promise against multidrug resistance. In this study, we investigated the activity of the insect AMP Tricoplusia ni cecropin A (T. ni cecropin) against colistin-resistant bacteria. T. ni cecropin exhibited significant antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against colistin-resistant Escherichia coli (ColREC) with low cytotoxicity against mammalian cells in vitro. Results of permeabilization of the ColREC outer membrane as monitored through 1-N-phenylnaphthylamine uptake, scanning electron microscopy, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) neutralization, and LPS-binding interaction revealed that T. ni cecropin manifested antibacterial activity by targeting the outer membrane of E. coli with strong interaction with LPS. T. ni cecropin specifically targeted toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and showed anti-inflammatory activities with a significant reduction of inflammatory cytokines in macrophages stimulated with either LPS or ColREC via blockade of TLR4-mediated inflammatory signaling. Moreover, T. ni cecropin exhibited anti-septic effects in an LPS-induced endotoxemia mouse model, confirming its LPS-neutralizing activity, immunosuppressive effect, and recovery of organ damage in vivo. These findings demonstrate that T. ni cecropin exerts strong antimicrobial activities against ColREC and could serve as a foundation for the development of AMP therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeju Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeongkwon Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Minju Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoyeong Yoo
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinkyeong Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunha Hwang
- Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Yangmee Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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9
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The Molecular Pharmacology of Phloretin: Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms of Action. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11010143. [PMID: 36672652 PMCID: PMC9855955 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The isolation of phlorizin from the bark of an apple tree in 1835 led to a flurry of research on its inhibitory effect on glucose transporters in the intestine and kidney. Using phlorizin as a prototype drug, antidiabetic agents with more selective inhibitory activity towards glucose transport at the kidney have subsequently been developed. In contrast, its hydrolysis product in the body, phloretin, which is also found in the apple plant, has weak antidiabetic properties. Phloretin, however, displays a range of pharmacological effects including antibacterial, anticancer, and cellular and organ protective properties both in vitro and in vivo. In this communication, the molecular basis of its anti-inflammatory mechanisms that attribute to its pharmacological effects is scrutinised. These include inhibiting the signalling pathways of inflammatory mediators' expression that support its suppressive effect in immune cells overactivation, obesity-induced inflammation, arthritis, endothelial, myocardial, hepatic, renal and lung injury, and inflammation in the gut, skin, and nervous system, among others.
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Hytti M, Ruuth J, Kanerva I, Bhattarai N, Pedersen ML, Nielsen CU, Kauppinen A. Phloretin inhibits glucose transport and reduces inflammation in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:215-227. [PMID: 35771396 PMCID: PMC9836970 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04504-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
During age-related macular degeneration (AMD), chronic inflammatory processes, possibly fueled by high glucose levels, cause a breakdown of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), leading to vision loss. Phloretin, a natural dihydroxychalcone found in apples, targets several anti-inflammatory signaling pathways and effectively inhibits transporter-mediated glucose uptake. It could potentially prevent inflammation and cell death of RPE cells through either direct regulation of inflammatory signaling pathways or through amelioration of high glucose levels. To test this hypothesis, ARPE-19 cells were incubated with or without phloretin for 1 h before exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cell viability and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-8 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were measured. Glucose uptake was studied using isotope uptake studies. The nuclear levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) were determined alongside the phosphorylation levels of mitogen-activated protein kinases. Phloretin pretreatment reduced the LPS-induced release of IL-6 and IL-8 as well as VEGF. Phloretin increased intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species and nuclear translocation of Nrf2. It also inhibited glucose uptake into ARPE-19 cells and the phosphorylation of Jun-activated kinase (JNK). Subsequent studies revealed that Nrf2, but not the inhibition of glucose uptake or JNK phosphorylation, was the main pathway of phloretin's anti-inflammatory activities. Phloretin was robustly anti-inflammatory in RPE cells and reduced IL-8 secretion via activation of Nrf2 but the evaluation of its potential in the treatment or prevention of AMD requires further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hytti
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 C, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Johanna Ruuth
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 C, 70210 Kuopio, Finland ,School of Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 C, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Iiris Kanerva
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 C, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Niina Bhattarai
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 C, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Maria L. Pedersen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Carsten U. Nielsen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Anu Kauppinen
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 C, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
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11
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Tuli HS, Rath P, Chauhan A, Ramniwas S, Vashishth K, Varol M, Jaswal VS, Haque S, Sak K. Phloretin, as a Potent Anticancer Compound: From Chemistry to Cellular Interactions. Molecules 2022; 27:8819. [PMID: 36557950 PMCID: PMC9787340 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Phloretin is a natural dihydrochalcone found in many fruits and vegetables, especially in apple tree leaves and the Manchurian apricots, exhibiting several therapeutic properties, such as antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor activities. In this review article, the diverse aspects of the anticancer potential of phloretin are addressed, presenting its antiproliferative, proapoptotic, antimetastatic, and antiangiogenic activities in many different preclinical cancer models. The fact that phloretin is a planar lipophilic polyphenol and, thus, a membrane-disrupting Pan-Assay Interference compound (PAIN) compromises the validity of the cell-based anticancer activities. Phloretin significantly reduces membrane dipole potential and, therefore, is expected to be able to activate a number of cellular signaling pathways in a non-specific way. In this way, the effects of this minor flavonoid on Bax and Bcl-2 proteins, caspases and MMPs, cytokines, and inflammatory enzymes are all analyzed in the current review. Moreover, besides the anticancer activities exerted by phloretin alone, its co-effects with conventional anticancer drugs are also under discussion. Therefore, this review presents a thorough overview of the preclinical anticancer potential of phloretin, allowing one to take the next steps in the development of novel drug candidates and move on to clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala 133207, India
| | - Prangya Rath
- Amity Institute of Environmental Sciences, Amity University, Noida 201303, India
| | - Abhishek Chauhan
- Amity Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Safety and Management, Amity University, Noida 201303, India
| | - Seema Ramniwas
- University Centre for Research & Development, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali 140413, India
| | - Kanupriya Vashishth
- Advance Cardiac Centre Department of Cardiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER) Chandigarh, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Mehmet Varol
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kotekli Campus, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla 48000, Turkey
| | - Vivek Sheel Jaswal
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Science, School of Physical & Material Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala 176206, India
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Yeon J, Oh S, Hwang E, Kim E, Kim Y. Structural study of acyl carrier protein of Enterococcus faecalis and its interaction with enzymes in de novo fatty acid synthesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 637:232-239. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Targeting Virulence Factors of Candida albicans with Natural Products. Foods 2022; 11:foods11192951. [PMID: 36230026 PMCID: PMC9562657 DOI: 10.3390/foods11192951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products derived from natural resources, including nutritional functional food, play an important role in human health. In recent years, the study of anti-fungal and other properties of agri-foods and derived functional compounds has been a hot research topic. Candida albicans is a parasitic fungus that thrives on human mucosal surfaces, which are colonized through opportunistic infection. It is the most prevalent cause of invasive fungal infection in immunocompromised individuals, resulting in a wide variety of clinical symptoms. Moreover, the efficacy of classical therapeutic medications such as fluconazole is often limited by the development of resistance. There is an ongoing need for the development of novel and effective antifungal therapy and medications. Infection of C. albicans is influenced by a great quantity of virulence factors, like adhesion, invasion-promoting enzymes, mycelial growth, and phenotypic change, and among others. Furthermore, various natural products especially from food sources that target C. albicans virulence factors have been researched, providing promising prospects for C. albicans prevention and treatment. In this review, we discuss the virulence factors of C. albicans and how functional foods and derived functional compounds affect them. Our hope is that this review will stimulate additional thoughts and suggestions regarding nutritional functional food and therapeutic development for patients afflicted with C. albicans.
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Nakhate KT, Badwaik H, Choudhary R, Sakure K, Agrawal YO, Sharma C, Ojha S, Goyal SN. Therapeutic Potential and Pharmaceutical Development of a Multitargeted Flavonoid Phloretin. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173638. [PMID: 36079895 PMCID: PMC9460114 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phloretin is a flavonoid of the dihydrogen chalcone class, present abundantly in apples and strawberries. The beneficial effects of phloretin are mainly associated with its potent antioxidant properties. Phloretin modulates several signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms to exhibit therapeutic benefits against various diseases including cancers, diabetes, liver injury, kidney injury, encephalomyelitis, ulcerative colitis, asthma, arthritis, and cognitive impairment. It ameliorates the complications associated with diabetes such as cardiomyopathy, hypertension, depression, memory impairment, delayed wound healing, and peripheral neuropathy. It is effective against various microbial infections including Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Considering the therapeutic benefits, it generated interest for the pharmaceutical development. However, poor oral bioavailability is the major drawback. Therefore, efforts have been undertaken to enhance its bioavailability by modifying physicochemical properties and molecular structure, and developing nanoformulations. In the present review, we discussed the pharmacological actions, underlying mechanisms and molecular targets of phloretin. Moreover, the review provides insights into physicochemical and pharmacokinetic characteristics, and approaches to promote the pharmaceutical development of phloretin for its therapeutic applications in the future. Although convincing experimental data are reported, human studies are not available. In order to ascertain its safety, further preclinical studies are needed to encourage its pharmaceutical and clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartik T. Nakhate
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal’s Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule 424001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Hemant Badwaik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shri Shankaracharya Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Bhilai 490020, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Rajesh Choudhary
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Shankaracharya College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bhilai 490020, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Kalyani Sakure
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Bhilai 490024, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Yogeeta O. Agrawal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal’s Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule 424001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Charu Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: (S.O.); (S.N.G.)
| | - Sameer N. Goyal
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal’s Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule 424001, Maharashtra, India
- Correspondence: (S.O.); (S.N.G.)
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15
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Zhang Q, Wang L, Zhao Y. An Overview of Lithocarpus polystachyus, with Dihydrochalcones as Natural-Derived Bioactive Compounds. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2101063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qili Zhang
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zi bo, China
| | - Li Wang
- Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring Deparment, Jinan Center for Food and Drug Control, Jinan, China
| | - Yanfang Zhao
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zi bo, China
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16
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Sayed AM, Gohar OM, Abd-Alhameed EK, Hassanein EHM, Ali FEM. The importance of natural chalcones in ischemic organ damage: Comprehensive and bioinformatic analysis review. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14320. [PMID: 35857486 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, extensive research has been conducted, yielding a detailed account of thousands of newly discovered compounds of natural origin and their biological activities, all of which have the potential to be used for a wide range of therapeutic purposes. There are multiple research papers denoting the central objective of chalcones, which have been shown to have therapeutic potential against various forms of ischemia. The various aspects of chalcones are discussed in this review regarding molecular mechanisms involved in the promising anti-ischemic potential of these chalcones. The main mechanisms involved in these protective effects are Nrf2/Akt activation and NF-κB/TLR4 suppression. Furthermore, in-silico studies were carried out to discover the probable binding of these chalcones to Keap-1 (an inhibitor of Nrf2), Akt, NF-κB, and TLR4 protein molecules. Besides, network pharmacology analysis was conducted to predict the interacting partners of these signals. The obtained results indicated that Nrf2, Akt, NF-κB, and TLR4 are involved in the beneficial anti-ischemic actions of chalcones. Conclusively, the present findings show that chalcones as anti-ischemic agents have a valid rationale. The discussed studies will provide a comprehensive viewpoint on chalcones and can help to optimize their effects in different ischemia. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Ischemic organ damage is an unavoidable pathological condition with a high worldwide incidence. According to the current research progress, natural chalcones have been proved to treat and/or prevent various types of ischemic organ damage by alleviating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis by different molecular mechanisms. This article displays the comprehensive research progress and the molecular basis of ischemic organ damage pathophysiology and introduces natural chalcones' mechanism in the ischemic organ condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Sayed
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Osama M Gohar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Esraa K Abd-Alhameed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Emad H M Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Fares E M Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
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Zheng S, Liu W, Luo J, Wang L, Zhu X, Gao X, Hua H, Cui J. Helicoverpa armigera herbivory negatively impacts Aphis gossypii populations via inducible metabolic changes. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:2357-2369. [PMID: 35254729 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicoverpa armigera and Aphis gossypii are two important insect species that feed on cotton plants. These insects have distinct abilities to induce plant resistance and tolerate plant toxins, which results in interspecific competition imbalance that may be fatal to the low-tolerance A. gossypii and force these insects to develop avoidance behaviors and subsequently separate from their niche. We implemented ecological experiments to test the effects of H. armigera-induced plant resistance and behavioral avoidance in A. gossypii, and employed transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses to reveal changes in resistance genes and metabolites in plants. RESULTS Our results demonstrate that cotton plants induced by H. armigera cause significant inhibitory and avoidance effects on A. gossypii insect populations. Electrical penetration graph (EPG) analysis showed changes in plant resistance induced by H. armigera leading to a decreased feeding efficiency of A. gossypii. In addition, genes associated with jasmonic acid and ethylene signaling pathways were significantly up-regulated in cotton plants after H. armigera induction, which led to a significant up-regulation of metabolites inducing plant resistance. These observations were corroborated by bioactivity analysis on metabolites, which showed that jasmonic acid, gossypol and tannins have significant inhibitory effects on A. gossypii populations. In contrast, methylparaben is associated with avoidance behaviors on A. gossypii populations. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that the differences in the ability to induce plant resistance and tolerance between two non-predatory insects were lethal to low-tolerance A. gossypii insects, which might be a major factor determining their niche differentiation. This was further demonstrated by screening anti-insect and bio-hormonal metabolites. Our study provides a reference for investigating the evolutionary relationship between non-predatory insects and insights to implement effective insect biocontrol. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaichao Zheng
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weijiao Liu
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Junyu Luo
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Lisha Wang
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Xiangzhen Zhu
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Xueke Gao
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Hongxia Hua
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinjie Cui
- Research Base, Anyang Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
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18
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McLoone P, Zhumbayeva A, Yunussova S, Kaliyev Y, Yevstafeva L, Verrall S, Sungurtas J, Austin C, Allwood JW, McDougall GJ. Identification of components in Kazakhstan honeys that correlate with antimicrobial activity against wound and skin infecting microorganisms. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:300. [PMID: 34930218 PMCID: PMC8690519 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03466-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antimicrobial drug resistance is a major public health threat that can render infections including wound and skin infections untreatable. The discovery of new antimicrobials is critical. Approaches to discover novel antimicrobial therapies have included investigating the antimicrobial activity of natural sources such as honey. In this study, the anti-microbial activity and chemical composition of 12 honeys from Kazakhstan and medical grade manuka honey were investigated. Methods Agar well diffusion and broth culture assays were used to determine anti-microbial activity against a range of skin and wound infecting micro-organisms. Folin-Ciocalteu method was used to determine the total phenol content of the honeys and non-targeted liquid chromatography analysis was performed to identify components that correlated with antimicrobial activity. Results In the well diffusion assay, the most susceptible micro-organisms were a clinical isolate of Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 19433). Buckwheat & multi-floral honey from Kazakhstan demonstrated the highest antimicrobial activity against these two micro-organisms. Kazakhstan honeys with a buckwheat floral source, and manuka honey had the highest total phenol content. Non-targeted liquid chromatography analysis identified components that correlated with anti-microbial activity as hydroxyphenyl acetic acid, p-coumaric acid, (1H)–quinolinone, and abscisic acid. Conclusions The Kazakhstan honeys selected in this study demonstrated antimicrobial activity against wound and skin infecting micro-organisms. Compounds identified as correlating with antimicrobial activity could be considered as potential bioactive agents for the treatment of wound and skin infections. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-021-03466-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline McLoone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr 53, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, 0100000.
| | - Aizhan Zhumbayeva
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr 53, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, 0100000
| | - Sofiya Yunussova
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr 53, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, 0100000
| | - Yerkhat Kaliyev
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr 53, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, 0100000
| | - Ludmila Yevstafeva
- Medical Microbiology, Republican Diagnostic Center, University Medical Center, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Susan Verrall
- Information and Computational Sciences Department, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Julie Sungurtas
- Plant Biochemistry and Food Quality Group, Environmental and Biochemical Sciences Department, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Ceri Austin
- Plant Biochemistry and Food Quality Group, Environmental and Biochemical Sciences Department, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - J Will Allwood
- Plant Biochemistry and Food Quality Group, Environmental and Biochemical Sciences Department, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Gordon J McDougall
- Plant Biochemistry and Food Quality Group, Environmental and Biochemical Sciences Department, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, Scotland, UK
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Lian B, Li Y, Yang Q, Xie L, Zhang Q, Liu Y, Zhao X, Li S. Phloretin loaded porous starch (Ph-PS): Preparation, characterization, in vitro release and protective effect against oxidative stress in vivo zebrafish model. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:2047-2053. [PMID: 34774597 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Phloretin loaded porous starch (Ph-PS) were prepared for its application in food. The effects of Ph-PS in vitro release and its ability against AAPH-induced oxidative stress in vivo zebrafish model were investigated. Ph-PS was prepared by absorption method, the physical and chemical characterization showed that PS decreased the crystallinity of Ph obviously. Ph-PS exhibited higher release amount and faster release rate of Ph compared to free Ph in vitro release study. What's more, the effect of Ph-PS reduced ROS generation and lipid peroxidation was better than that of free Ph in zebrafish model. These findings suggest Ph-PS is a new and simple strategy to improve dissolution rate and antioxidant ability of Ph.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolin Lian
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qilei Yang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lanlan Xie
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yanjie Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiuhua Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-Based Active Substances, China.
| | - Shujun Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China.
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Liu N, Zhang N, Zhang S, Zhang L, Liu Q. Phloretin inhibited the pathogenicity and virulence factors against Candida albicans. Bioengineered 2021; 12:2420-2431. [PMID: 34167447 PMCID: PMC8806719 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1933824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral candidiasis is one of the most common types of fungal infection caused by Candida albicans (C. albicans). The present study aims to investigate the antifungal effects of phloretin (a dihydrochalcone flavonoid) against the C. albicans pathogenicity. In this work, we treated C. albicans SC5314 with 37.28, 74.55, or 149.10 μg/mL (equivalent to 0.5×, 1× or 2× MIC) phloretin in vitro. Besides, we established a mice model of oral candidiasis by a sublingual infection of C. albicans suspension (1 × 107 colony-forming unit/mL), and mice were treated with phloretin (3.73 or 7.46 mg/mL, which were equivalent to 50× or 100× MIC) twice a day starting on day one post-infection. The results showed that the MIC of phloretin against C. albicans was 74.55 μg/mL. Phloretin exerted antifungal activity by inhibiting the biofilm formation and suppressing the yeast-to-hyphae transition upon the downregulation of hypha-associated genes including enhanced adherence to polystyrene 1, the extent of cell elongation gene 1, hyphal wall protein 1 gene, and agglutinin-like sequence gene 3. Next, phloretin repressed the secretion of proteases and phospholipases via reducing the expression of protease-encoding genes secreted aspartyl proteases (SAP)1 and SAP2, as well as phospholipase B1. Subsequently, the in vivo antifungal activity of phloretin was testified by the reverse of the enhanced lesion severity, inflammatory infiltration, and the increased colony-forming unit counts caused by C. albicans of tongue tissues in oral candidiasis mice. In conclusion, phloretin suppressed the pathogenicity and virulence factors against C. albicans both in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, P.R. China
| | - Shengrong Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
| | - Lifang Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
| | - Qing Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
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21
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Hu Z, Wang H, Li L, Wang Q, Jiang S, Chen M, Li X, Shaotong J. pH-responsive antibacterial film based polyvinyl alcohol/poly (acrylic acid) incorporated with aminoethyl-phloretin and application to pork preservation. Food Res Int 2021; 147:110532. [PMID: 34399510 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrates a pH-responsive antibacterial film based on polyvinyl alcohol/poly (acrylic acid) incorporated with aminoethyl-phloretin (PVA/PAA-AEP) for intelligent food packaging. The thermal, mechanical, barrier and light transmittance properties of PVA/PAA are enhanced by PAA presence of ≤6%. The interactions between PVA and PAA were hydrogen and ester bonds. The pH-responsive characteristic is dependent on the protonation/deprotonation tendency of the carboxylic groups on PAA in acidic/alkaline environment. The PVA/PAA3 is selected for the incorporation of AEP and its pH-responsive swelling follows Ritger-Peppas and Schott second-order models. The AEP is hydrogen bonded with the matrix of PVA/PAA3 and the release of AEP is pH-responsive and a rate-limiting step following the First-order model. With pH decrease, the predominant release control was gradually changing from polymer relaxation to Fick diffusion. The PVA/PAA3-AEP films demonstrate AEP content dependent antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Furthermore, the antibacterial efficiency against Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus is significantly better than Escherichia coli. The target film PVA/PAA3-AEP3 can effectively prolong the shelf-life of pork (TVB-N < 25 mg/100 g) by 4 days at 25 °C, suggesting its great potential in intelligent food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 230009 Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Hualin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 230009 Hefei, Anhui, PR China; Anhui Institute of Agro-Products Intensive Processing Technology, 230009 Hefei, Anhui, PR China.
| | - Linlin Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 230009 Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 230009 Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Suwei Jiang
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University, 230601 Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Minmin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Chaohu University, 238000 Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Xingjiang Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 230009 Hefei, Anhui, PR China; Anhui Institute of Agro-Products Intensive Processing Technology, 230009 Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Jiang Shaotong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 230009 Hefei, Anhui, PR China; Anhui Institute of Agro-Products Intensive Processing Technology, 230009 Hefei, Anhui, PR China
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22
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Wu CS, Lin SC, Li S, Chiang YC, Bracci N, Lehman CW, Tang KT, Lin CC. Phloretin alleviates dinitrochlorobenzene-induced dermatitis in BALB/c mice. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2021; 34:2058738420929442. [PMID: 32571120 PMCID: PMC7313336 DOI: 10.1177/2058738420929442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the skin that substantially affects a patient's quality of life. While steroids are the most common therapy used to temporally alleviate the symptoms of AD, effective and nontoxic alternatives are urgently needed. In this study, we utilized a natural, plant-derived phenolic compound, phloretin, to treat allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) on the dorsal skin of mice. In addition, the effectiveness of phloretin was evaluated using a mouse model of ACD triggered by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). In our experimental setting, phloretin was orally administered to BALB/c mice for 21 consecutive days, and then, the lesions were examined histologically. Our data revealed that phloretin reduced the process of epidermal thickening and decreased the infiltration of mast cells into the lesion regions, subsequently reducing the levels of histamine and the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-4, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and IL-17A in the serum. These changes were associated with lower serum levels after phloretin treatment. In addition, we observed that the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and NF-κB pathways in the dermal tissues of the phloretin-treated rodents were suppressed compared to those in the AD-like skin regions. Furthermore, phloretin appeared to limit the overproliferation of splenocytes in response to DNCB stimulation, reducing the number of IFN-γ-, IL-4-, and IL-17A-producing CD4+ T cells in the spleen back to their normal ranges. Taken together, we discovered a new therapeutic role of phloretin using a mouse model of DNCB-induced ACD, as shown by the alleviated AD-like symptoms and the reversed immunopathological effects. Therefore, we believe that phloretin has the potential to be utilized as an alternative therapeutic agent for treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Shan Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung
| | - Shih-Chao Lin
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Shiming Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing & Application of Catalytic Materials, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, China
| | - Yu-Chih Chiang
- Department of Restaurant, Hotel and Institutional Management, College of Human Ecology, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City
| | - Nicole Bracci
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Caitlin W Lehman
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Kuo-Tung Tang
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung
| | - Chi-Chien Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung.,Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung
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23
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Sleha R, Radochova V, Mikyska A, Houska M, Bolehovska R, Janovska S, Pejchal J, Muckova L, Cermak P, Bostik P. Strong Antimicrobial Effects of Xanthohumol and Beta-Acids from Hops against Clostridioides difficile Infection In Vivo. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10040392. [PMID: 33917416 PMCID: PMC8067520 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10040392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides (C.) difficile is an important causative pathogen of nosocomial gastrointestinal infections in humans with an increasing incidence, morbidity, and mortality. The available treatment options against this pathogen are limited. The standard antibiotics are expensive, can promote emerging resistance, and the recurrence rate of the infection is high. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new approaches to meet these challenges. One of the possible treatment alternatives is to use compounds available in commonly used plants. In this study, purified extracts isolated from hops-alpha and beta acids and xanthohumol-were tested in vivo for their inhibitory effect against C. difficile. A rat model of the peroral intestinal infection by C. difficile has been developed. The results show that both xanthohumol and beta acids from hops exert a notable antimicrobial effect in the C. difficile infection. The xanthohumol application showed the most pronounced antimicrobial effect together with an improvement of local inflammatory signs in the large intestine. Thus, the hops compounds represent promising antimicrobial agents for the treatment of intestinal infections caused by C. difficile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radek Sleha
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (R.S.); (V.R.); (S.J.)
| | - Vera Radochova
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (R.S.); (V.R.); (S.J.)
| | - Alexander Mikyska
- Research Institute of Brewing and Malting, 110 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Milan Houska
- Food Research Institute, 110 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Radka Bolehovska
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
| | - Sylva Janovska
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (R.S.); (V.R.); (S.J.)
| | - Jaroslav Pejchal
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (J.P.); (L.M.)
| | - Lubica Muckova
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (J.P.); (L.M.)
| | - Pavel Cermak
- Thomayer Hospital, 110 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Pavel Bostik
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (R.S.); (V.R.); (S.J.)
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
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24
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Capoor MN, Konieczna A, McDowell A, Ruzicka F, Smrcka M, Jancalek R, Maca K, Lujc M, Ahmed FS, Birkenmaier C, Dudli S, Slaby O. Pro-Inflammatory and Neurotrophic Factor Responses of Cells Derived from Degenerative Human Intervertebral Discs to the Opportunistic Pathogen Cutibacterium acnes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052347. [PMID: 33652921 PMCID: PMC7956678 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we proposed the hypothesis that similarities in the inflammatory response observed in acne vulgaris and degenerative disc disease (DDD), especially the central role of interleukin (IL)-1β, may be further evidence of the role of the anaerobic bacterium Cutibacterium (previously Propionibacterium) acnes in the underlying aetiology of disc degeneration. To investigate this, we examined the upregulation of IL-1β, and other known IL-1β-induced inflammatory markers and neurotrophic factors, from nucleus-pulposus-derived disc cells infected in vitro with C. acnes for up to 48 h. Upon infection, significant upregulation of IL-1β, alongside IL-6, IL-8, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3 (CCL3), chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 (CCL4), nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), was observed with cells isolated from the degenerative discs of eight patients versus non-infected controls. Expression levels did, however, depend on gene target, multiplicity and period of infection and, notably, donor response. Pre-treatment of cells with clindamycin prior to infection significantly reduced the production of pro-inflammatory mediators. This study confirms that C. acnes can stimulate the expression of IL-1β and other host molecules previously associated with pathological changes in disc tissue, including neo-innervation. While still controversial, the role of C. acnes in DDD remains biologically credible, and its ability to cause disease likely reflects a combination of factors, particularly individualised response to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu N. Capoor
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Correspondence: (M.N.C.); (O.S.)
| | - Anna Konieczna
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (F.S.A.)
| | - Andrew McDowell
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK;
| | - Filip Ruzicka
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Masaryk University, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Martin Smrcka
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Brno, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.S.); (K.M.)
| | - Radim Jancalek
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Masaryk University, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Karel Maca
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Brno, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.S.); (K.M.)
| | - Michael Lujc
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital Brno, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Fahad S. Ahmed
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (F.S.A.)
| | - Christof Birkenmaier
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Munich, 80331 Munich, Germany;
| | - Stefan Dudli
- Centre of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland;
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rheumatology, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ondrej Slaby
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (F.S.A.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 601 77 Brno, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (M.N.C.); (O.S.)
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25
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Anunciato Casarini TP, Frank LA, Pohlmann AR, Guterres SS. Dermatological applications of the flavonoid phloretin. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 889:173593. [PMID: 32971088 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Botanical molecules are known to have the ability to counteract ultraviolet radiation-induced skin damage. The interest in the development of natural compound-based products for the prevention of solar ultraviolet radiation-induced skin photoaging, melasma, and photocarcinogenesis has been increasing. Recently, the flavonoid phloretin has attracted the attention of researchers in the dermatological field for application in cosmetics and therapeutics. In addition to its antioxidant activity, phloretin has been shown to have properties such as anti-aging and depigmenting effects. In this study, we review the dermatological treatments with phloretin for conditions such as melasma, photoaging, acne, and melanoma. Phloretin has been shown to inhibit elastase and matrix metalloproteinase-1 activity, to reduce cellular tyrosinase activity and melanin content, and induce apoptosis in B16 mouse melanoma 4A5 cells. An in vivo study showed that phloretin, applied topically to the dorsal skin of mice, suppressed the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate-induced expression of COX-2, a critical molecular target of many chemopreventive, as well as anti-inflammatory agents. Phloretin can penetrate the skin; nevertheless, its penetration profile in different skin layers has not yet been evaluated. Despite its health benefits, phloretin application has been limited because of its photoinstability and poor aqueous solubility, among other limitations. Therefore, we reviewed the recent advances in pharmaceutical applications such as the use of nanotechnology, in order to improve the cutaneous availability of phloretin. In this review, we also focus on the oral application, product development challenges, and recent progress and future research directions on phloretin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita Pizza Anunciato Casarini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Luiza Abrahão Frank
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Adriana Raffin Pohlmann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Silvia Stanisçuaski Guterres
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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26
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Shang A, Liu HY, Luo M, Xia Y, Yang X, Li HY, Wu DT, Sun Q, Geng F, Li HB, Gan RY. Sweet tea (Lithocarpus polystachyus rehd.) as a new natural source of bioactive dihydrochalcones with multiple health benefits. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:917-934. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1830363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ao Shang
- National Agricultural Science & Technology Center, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Yan Liu
- National Agricultural Science & Technology Center, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Xia
- National Agricultural Science & Technology Center, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- National Agricultural Science & Technology Center, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Hang-Yu Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ding-Tao Wu
- Institute of Food Processing and Safety, College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, Sichuan, China
| | - Quancai Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Fang Geng
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ren-You Gan
- National Agricultural Science & Technology Center, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
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27
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Yim MJ, Lee JM, Kim HS, Choi G, Kim YM, Lee DS, Choi IW. Inhibitory Effects of a Sargassum miyabei Yendo on Cutibacterium acnes-Induced Skin Inflammation. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2620. [PMID: 32867396 PMCID: PMC7551756 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory condition of skin sebaceous follicles. To explore its effects on acne vulgaris, we investigated the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities of Sargassum miyabei Yendo (a brown alga) ethanolic extract (SMYEE) on Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes)-stimulated inflammatory responses, both in vivo and in vitro. To induce inflammation in vivo, C. acnes was intradermally injected into the dorsal skin of mice, to which SMYEE was applied. The antimicrobial activity of SMYEE was evaluated by the determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). To explore in vitro anti-inflammatory effects, HaCaT cells were stimulated with C. acnes after treatment with SMYEE. The levels of IL-8 and the underlying molecular effects in C. acnes-stimulated HaCaT cells were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blotting, and an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Mouse skin lesions improved after treatment with SMYEE (50 μg/mouse). Neutrophil infiltration was significantly reduced in SMYEE-treated compared to SMYEE-untreated skin lesions. SMYEE reversed the C. acnes-induced increase in IL-8 levels in HaCaT cells and suppressed dHL-60 cell migration. SMYEE also inhibited C. acnes-induced phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase and inhibited activator protein-1 signaling. SMYEE may be a useful treatment for C. acnes-induced acne vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Jin Yim
- Department of Genetic Resources, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Korea; (M.-J.Y.); (J.M.L.); (H.-S.K.); (G.C.)
| | - Jeong Min Lee
- Department of Genetic Resources, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Korea; (M.-J.Y.); (J.M.L.); (H.-S.K.); (G.C.)
| | - Hyun-Soo Kim
- Department of Genetic Resources, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Korea; (M.-J.Y.); (J.M.L.); (H.-S.K.); (G.C.)
| | - Grace Choi
- Department of Genetic Resources, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Korea; (M.-J.Y.); (J.M.L.); (H.-S.K.); (G.C.)
| | - Young-Mog Kim
- Marine-Integrated Bionics Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea;
| | - Dae-Sung Lee
- Department of Genetic Resources, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Korea; (M.-J.Y.); (J.M.L.); (H.-S.K.); (G.C.)
| | - Il-Whan Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea
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28
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Di Lodovico S, Menghini L, Ferrante C, Recchia E, Castro-Amorim J, Gameiro P, Cellini L, Bessa LJ. Hop Extract: An Efficacious Antimicrobial and Anti-biofilm Agent Against Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococci Strains and Cutibacterium acnes. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1852. [PMID: 32903686 PMCID: PMC7438819 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria belonging to Staphylococcus genus, in particular methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis, together with Cutibacterium acnes are the main strains involved in skin disease. The increase in multidrug-resistant bacteria has revived attention on natural compounds as alternative agents for the treatment management. Among these, hop extract, a hydroalcoholic solution obtained from experimental crops of Humulus lupulus L. variety cascade (hop), displays diverse biological properties including an antimicrobial one. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and the capacity to inhibit the biofilm formation of a characterized hop extract against S. aureus and S. epidermidis multidrug-resistant strains and against a C. acnes strain. The hop extract was characterized by (i) phytochemical analysis through a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-fluorimetric method, (ii) biocompatibility test with Artemia salina L., (iii) cytotoxicity against two cell lines, (iv) docking analysis, and (v) antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities by detection of zones inhibition, minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs), biomass quantification, and cell viability. The hop extract was biocompatible and non-cytotoxic at all tested concentrations. HPLC analysis revealed significant levels of gallic acid, resveratrol, and rutin. This last compound was the most representative displaying a high affinity against PBP2a and KAS III (Ki values in the submicromolar range). The characterized hop extract showed a good antimicrobial action with MICs ranging from 1 to 16 μg/mL and was able to inhibit the biofilm formation of all tested strains, except for two S. aureus strains. The biofilm formed in presence of the hop extract was significantly reduced in most cases, even when present at a concentration of 1/4 MIC. The live/dead images showed a remarkable inhibition in the biofilm formation by hop extract with a weak killing action. Overall, the tested hop extract is a good candidate to further explore for its use in the prevention of infection particularly, by multidrug-resistant Gram-positive pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Di Lodovico
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi “Gabriele d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Luigi Menghini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi “Gabriele d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Claudio Ferrante
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi “Gabriele d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Erica Recchia
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi “Gabriele d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Juliana Castro-Amorim
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Gameiro
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luigina Cellini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi “Gabriele d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Lucinda J. Bessa
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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29
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Effects of Microwave-Assisted Extraction Conditions on Antioxidant Capacity of Sweet Tea ( Lithocarpus polystachyus Rehd.). Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080678. [PMID: 32751188 PMCID: PMC7464483 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effects of microwave-assisted extraction conditions on antioxidant capacity of sweet tea (Lithocarpus polystachyus Rehd.) were studied and the antioxidants in the extract were identified. The influences of ethanol concentration, solvent-to-sample ratio, microwave power, extraction temperature and extraction time on Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) value, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) value and total phenolic content (TPC) were investigated by single-factor experiments. The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to study the interaction of three parameters which had significant influences on antioxidant capacity including ethanol concentration, solvent-to-sample ratio and extraction time. The optimal conditions for the extraction of antioxidants from sweet tea were found as follows—ethanol concentration of 58.43% (v/v), solvent-to-sample ratio of 35.39:1 mL/g, extraction time of 25.26 min, extraction temperature of 50 ℃ and microwave power of 600 W. The FRAP, TEAC and TPC values of the extract under the optimal conditions were 381.29 ± 4.42 μM Fe(II)/g dry weight (DW), 613.11 ± 9.32 μM Trolox/g DW and 135.94 ± 0.52 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g DW, respectively. In addition, the major antioxidant components in the extract were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD), including phlorizin, phloretin and trilobatin. The crude extract could be used as food additives or developed into functional food for the prevention and management of oxidative stress-related diseases.
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30
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Inhibitory effect of the antimicrobial peptide BLP-7 against Propionibacterium acnes and its anti-inflammatory effect on acne vulgaris. Toxicon 2020; 184:109-115. [PMID: 32540219 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is a Gram-positive commensal bacterium, which is involved in the pathogenesis and inflammation of acne vulgaris. An antimicrobial peptide named bombinin-like peptide 7 (BLP-7), which was determined from Bombina orientalis, has been shown to possess certain antibacterial activity. This study was carried out with synthesized BLP-7 on the basis of the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities against P. acnes in vitro and in vivo. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of BLP-7 against P. acnes is 5 μM. And BLP-7 exhibits strong resistance to heat, pH and salt concentration, but no significant cytotoxicity to normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs). Using the co-culture of P. acnes and NHEKs, this study demonstrated that BLP-7 significantly reduced the production of interleukin (IL)-8 and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), as well as the expression of these two pro-inflammatory cytokines at the transcriptional level. In a separate study, using the rat ear edema model, BLP-7 significantly suppressed P. acnes-induced skin inflammation, reducing the ear thickness by 54.21% of the negative control group. These results suggest that due to its anti-P. acnes and anti-inflammatory activities, BLP-7 could be used as a potential anti-acne agent.
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Abu-Azzam O, Nasr M. In vitro anti-inflammatory potential of phloretin microemulsion as a new formulation for prospective treatment of vaginitis. Pharm Dev Technol 2020; 25:930-935. [PMID: 32363977 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2020.1764032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Phloretin is a promising polyphenolic compound known for its anti-inflammatory properties, but its poor solubility and low bioavailability hinder its clinical applicability. Till current date, its potential in the treatment of vaginitis has not been explored, and only very few papers reported its formulation as nanoparticles to overcome its pharmaceutical challenges. Therefore, in the current study, phloretin was formulated in microemulsion of 11 nm size, and its in vitro anti-inflammatory properties were explored using histamine and IL-6 release inhibition assays, protease inhibition assay, and membrane stabilization potential. The anti-inflammatory properties of phloretin microemulsion were compared to the drug phloretin, and the reference standard non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Results proved that both phloretin and phloretin microemulsion significantly inhibited the release of the inflammatory mediators histamine and IL-6, inhibited protease action, and exhibited membrane stabilization potential. Phloretin microemulsion exhibited comparable anti-inflammatory properties to the NSAIDs diclofenac and indomethacin, and, hence, it can be delineated as a promising therapeutic tool in topical treatment of vaginal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Abu-Azzam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Mu'tah University, Mu'tah, Jordan
| | - Maha Nasr
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Miguel MG. Editorial to Special Issue-Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Natural Products. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081926. [PMID: 32326279 PMCID: PMC7221512 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Graça Miguel
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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Chauhan AK, Jang M, Kim Y. Phloretin Protects Macrophages from E. coli-Induced Inflammation through the TLR4 Signaling Pathway. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 30:333-340. [PMID: 31893612 PMCID: PMC9728332 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1910.10063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are the cells of the first-line defense system, which protect the body from foreign invaders such as bacteria. However, Gram-negative bacteria have always been the major challenge for macrophages due to the presence of lipopolysaccharides on their outer cell membrane. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of phloretin, a flavonoid commonly found in apple, on the protection of macrophages from Escherichia coli infection. RAW 264.7 cells infected with standard E. coli, or virulent E. coli K1 strain were treated with phloretin in a dose-dependent manner to examine its efficacy in protection of macrophages. Our results revealed that phloretin treatment reduced the production of nitric oxide (NO) and generation of reactive oxygen species along with reducing the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines induced by the E. coli and E. coli K1 strains in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, treatment of phloretin downregulated the expression of E. coli-induced major inflammatory markers i.e. cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1), in a concentration dependent manner. Moreover, the TLR4-mediated NF-κB pathway was activated in E. coli-infected macrophages but was potentially downregulated by phloretin at the transcriptional and translational levels. Collectively, our data suggest that phloretin treatment protects macrophages from infection of virulent E. coli K1 strain by downregulating the TLR4-mediated signaling pathway and inhibiting NO and cytokine production, eventually protecting macrophages from E. coli-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Chauhan
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Mihee Jang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yangmee Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-2-450-3421 Fax: +82-2-447-5987 E-mail:
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Zhao L, Qiu J, Yin X, Zhang N, Wu W, Wang C, Ji B, Zhang L, Zhou F. Blossom and bee pollen from Rosa rugosa as potential intervention for acne caused by excessive androgen secretion in golden hamster acne model. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2019.1674788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiafei Qiu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoting Yin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nanhai Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wu
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengtao Wang
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baoping Ji
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liebing Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Jang M, Kim J, Choi Y, Bang J, Kim Y. Antiseptic Effect of Ps-K18: Mechanism of Its Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Activities. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4895. [PMID: 31581682 PMCID: PMC6801626 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, bioactive peptides have attracted attention for their therapeutic applications in the pharmaceutical industry. Among them, antimicrobial peptides are candidates for new antibiotic drugs. Since pseudin-2 (Ps), isolated from the skin of the paradoxical frog Pseudis paradoxa, shows broad-spectrum antibacterial activity with high cytotoxicity, we previously designed Ps-K18 with a Lys substitution for Leu18 in Ps, which showed high antibacterial activity and low toxicity. Here, we examined the potency of Ps-K18, aiming to develop antibiotics derived from bioactive peptides for the treatment of Gram-negative sepsis. We first investigated the antibacterial mechanism of Ps-K18 based on confocal micrographs and field emission scanning electron microscopy, confirming that Ps-K18 targets the bacterial membrane. Anti-inflammatory mechanism of Ps-K18 was investigated by secreted alkaline phosphatase reporter gene assays and RT-PCR, which revealed that Ps-K18 activates innate defense via Toll-like receptor 4-mediated nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathways. Moreover, we investigated the antiseptic effect of Ps-K18 using a lipopolysaccharide or Escherichia coli K1-induced septic shock mouse model. Ps-K18 significantly reduced bacterial growth and inflammatory responses in the septic shock model. Ps-K18 showed low renal and liver toxicity and attenuated lung damage effectively. This study suggests that Ps-K18 is a potent peptide antibiotic that could be applied therapeutically to Gram-negative sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihee Jang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Research Institute for Bioactive-Metabolome Network, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Jieun Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Research Institute for Bioactive-Metabolome Network, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Yujin Choi
- Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chuncheon 24341, Korea.
| | - JeongKyu Bang
- Protein Structure Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Cheongju, Chung-Buk 28199, Korea.
| | - Yangmee Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Research Institute for Bioactive-Metabolome Network, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
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