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Liu J, Lin M, Han P, Yao G, Jiang H. Biosynthesis Progress of High-Energy-Density Liquid Fuels Derived from Terpenes. Microorganisms 2024; 12:706. [PMID: 38674649 PMCID: PMC11052473 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
High-energy-density liquid fuels (HED fuels) are essential for volume-limited aerospace vehicles and could serve as energetic additives for conventional fuels. Terpene-derived HED biofuel is an important research field for green fuel synthesis. The direct extraction of terpenes from natural plants is environmentally unfriendly and costly. Designing efficient synthetic pathways in microorganisms to achieve high yields of terpenes shows great potential for the application of terpene-derived fuels. This review provides an overview of the current research progress of terpene-derived HED fuels, surveying terpene fuel properties and the current status of biosynthesis. Additionally, we systematically summarize the engineering strategies for biosynthesizing terpenes, including mining and engineering terpene synthases, optimizing metabolic pathways and cell-level optimization, such as the subcellular localization of terpene synthesis and adaptive evolution. This article will be helpful in providing insight into better developing terpene-derived HED fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China; (J.L.)
| | - Man Lin
- College of Biological Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Yibin 644005, China
| | - Penggang Han
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China; (J.L.)
| | - Ge Yao
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China; (J.L.)
| | - Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China; (J.L.)
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2
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Li T, Liu X, Xiang H, Zhu H, Lu X, Feng B. Two-Phase Fermentation Systems for Microbial Production of Plant-Derived Terpenes. Molecules 2024; 29:1127. [PMID: 38474639 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbial cell factories, renowned for their economic and environmental benefits, have emerged as a key trend in academic and industrial areas, particularly in the fermentation of natural compounds. Among these, plant-derived terpenes stand out as a significant class of bioactive natural products. The large-scale production of such terpenes, exemplified by artemisinic acid-a crucial precursor to artemisinin-is now feasible through microbial cell factories. In the fermentation of terpenes, two-phase fermentation technology has been widely applied due to its unique advantages. It facilitates in situ product extraction or adsorption, effectively mitigating the detrimental impact of product accumulation on microbial cells, thereby significantly bolstering the efficiency of microbial production of plant-derived terpenes. This paper reviews the latest developments in two-phase fermentation system applications, focusing on microbial fermentation of plant-derived terpenes. It also discusses the mechanisms influencing microbial biosynthesis of terpenes. Moreover, we introduce some new two-phase fermentation techniques, currently unexplored in terpene fermentation, with the aim of providing more thoughts and explorations on the future applications of two-phase fermentation technology. Lastly, we discuss several challenges in the industrial application of two-phase fermentation systems, especially in downstream processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Li
- College of Life and Health, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Ximeng Liu
- College of Life and Health, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Haoyu Xiang
- College of Life and Health, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Hehua Zhu
- College of Life and Health, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Xuan Lu
- College of Life and Health, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Baomin Feng
- College of Life and Health, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
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3
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Galindo-Rodriguez GR, Santoyo-Garcia JH, Rios-Solis L, Dimartino S. In situ recovery of taxadiene using solid adsorption in cultivations with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 54:86-94. [PMID: 37162336 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2023.2207204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an engineered strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used to produce taxadiene, a precursor in the biosynthetic pathway of the anticancer drug paclitaxel. Taxadiene was recovered in situ with the polymeric adsorbent Diaion © HP-20. Here we tested two bioreactor configurations and adsorbent concentrations to maximize the production and recovery of taxadiene. An external recovery configuration (ERC) was performed with the integration of an expanded bed adsorption column, whereas the internal recovery configuration (IRC) consisted in dispersed beads inside the bioreactor vessel. Taxadiene titers recovered in IRC were higher to ERC by 3.4 and 3.5 fold by using 3% and 12% (w/v) adsorbent concentration respectively. On the other hand, cell growth kinetics were faster in ERC which represents an advantage in productivity (mg of taxadiene/L*h). High resin bead concentration (12% w/v) improved the partition of taxadiene onto the beads up to 98%. This result represents an advantage over previous studies using a 3% resin concentration where the partition of taxadiene on the beads was around 50%. This work highlights the potential of in situ product recovery to improve product partition, reduce processing steps and promote cell growth. Nevertheless, a careful design of bioreactor configuration and process conditions is critical.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jorge H Santoyo-Garcia
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology (SynthSys), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Leonardo Rios-Solis
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology (SynthSys), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Simone Dimartino
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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4
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Michailidou F. The Scent of Change: Sustainable Fragrances Through Industrial Biotechnology. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300309. [PMID: 37668275 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Current environmental and safety considerations urge innovation to address the need for sustainable high-value chemicals that are embraced by consumers. This review discusses the concept of sustainable fragrances, as high-value, everyday and everywhere chemicals. Current and emerging technologies represent an opportunity to produce fragrances in an environmentally and socially responsible way. Biotechnology, including fermentation, biocatalysis, and genetic engineering, has the potential to reduce the environmental footprint of fragrance production while maintaining quality and consistency. Computational and in silico methods, including machine learning (ML), are also likely to augment the capabilities of sustainable fragrance production. Continued innovation and collaboration will be crucial to the future of sustainable fragrances, with a focus on developing novel sustainable ingredients, as well as ethical sourcing practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freideriki Michailidou
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
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5
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Santoyo‐Garcia JH, Walls LE, Valdivia‐Cabrera M, Malcı K, Jonguitud‐Borrego N, Halliday KJ, Rios‐Solis L. The synergetic effect from the combination of different adsorption resins in batch and semi-continuous cultivations of S. Cerevisiae cell factories to produce acetylated Taxanes precursors of the anticancer drug Taxol. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:2160-2174. [PMID: 37428616 PMCID: PMC10952759 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
In situ product recovery is an efficient way to intensify bioprocesses as it can perform adsorption of the desired natural products in the cultivation. However, it is common to use only one adsorbent (liquid or solid) to perform the product recovery. For this study, the use of an in situ product recovery method with three combined commercial resins (HP-20, XAD7HP, and HP-2MG) with different chemical properties was performed. A new yeast strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was engineered using CRISPR Cas9 (strain EJ2) to deliver heterologous expression of oxygenated acetylated taxanes that are precursors of the anticancer drug Taxol ® (paclitaxel). Microscale cultivations using a definitive screening design (DSD) were set to get the best resin combinations and concentrations to retrieve high taxane titers. Once the best resin treatment was selected by the DSD, semi-continuous cultivation in high throughput microscale was performed to increase the total taxanes yield up to 783 ± 33 mg/L. The best T5α-yl Acetate yield obtained was up to 95 ± 4 mg/L, the highest titer of this compound ever reported by a heterologous expression. It was also observed that by using a combination of the resins in the cultivation, 8 additional uncharacterized taxanes were found in the gas chromatograms compared to the dodecane overlay method. Lastly, the cell-waste reactive oxygen species concentrations from the yeast were 1.5-fold lower in the resin's treatment compared to the control with no adsorbent aid. The possible future implications of this method could be critical for bioprocess intensification, allowing the transition to a semi-continuous flow bioprocess. Further, this new methodology broadens the use of different organisms for natural product synthesis/discovery benefiting from clear bioprocess intensification advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge H. Santoyo‐Garcia
- Institute for BioengineeringUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Centre for Engineering BiologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Laura E. Walls
- Institute for BioengineeringUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Centre for Engineering BiologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Marissa Valdivia‐Cabrera
- Institute of Molecular Plant SciencesSchool of Biological Sciences, University of EdinburghEdinburgh
| | - Koray Malcı
- Institute for BioengineeringUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Centre for Engineering BiologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Present address:
Koray MalcıDepartment of Bioengineering, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Nestor Jonguitud‐Borrego
- Institute for BioengineeringUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Centre for Engineering BiologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Karen J. Halliday
- Institute of Molecular Plant SciencesSchool of Biological Sciences, University of EdinburghEdinburgh
| | - Leonardo Rios‐Solis
- Institute for BioengineeringUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Centre for Engineering BiologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Division of Molecular Biology and BiotechnologySchool of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, The Advanced Centre for Biochemical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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Wildhagen M, Pudenz T, Nguyen T, Kirschning A, Beutel S. Biokatalytische Ganzzellproduktion des Sesquiterpens Presilphiperfolan‐8β‐ol in stoffwechseloptimierten
Escherichia coli. CHEM-ING-TECH 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202200115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maik Wildhagen
- Leibniz Universität Hannover Institut für Technische Chemie Callinstraße 5 30167 Hannover Deutschland
| | - Tabea Pudenz
- Leibniz Universität Hannover Institut für Technische Chemie Callinstraße 5 30167 Hannover Deutschland
| | - Trang Nguyen
- Leibniz Universität Hannover Institut für Organische Chemie Schneiderberg 1 B 30167 Hannover Deutschland
| | - Andreas Kirschning
- Leibniz Universität Hannover Institut für Organische Chemie Schneiderberg 1 B 30167 Hannover Deutschland
| | - Sascha Beutel
- Leibniz Universität Hannover Institut für Technische Chemie Callinstraße 5 30167 Hannover Deutschland
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Santoyo-Garcia JH, Walls LE, Nowrouzi B, Galindo-Rodriguez GR, Ochoa-Villarreal M, Loake GJ, Dimartino S, Rios-Solis L. In situ solid-liquid extraction enhances recovery of taxadiene from engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell factories. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Shinjyo Y, Midorikawa N, Matsumoto T, Sugaya Y, Ozawa Y, Oana A, Horie C, Yoshikawa H, Takahashi Y, Hasegawa T, Asai K. Analysis of cell death in Bacillus subtilis caused by sesquiterpenes from Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2022; 68:62-70. [PMID: 35418537 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the antibacterial effects of essential oils have been investigated in addition to their therapeutic purposes. Owing to their hydrophobic nature, they are thought to perturb the integrity of the bacterial cell membrane, leading to cell death. Against such antibiotic challenges, bacteria develop mechanisms for cell envelope stress responses (CESR). In Bacillus subtilis, a gram-positive sporulating soil bacterium, the extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factor-mediated response system plays a pivotal role in CESR. Among them, σM is strongly involved in response to cell envelope stress, including a shortage of available bactoprenol. Vetiver essential oil, a product of Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty root, is also known to possess bactericidal activity. σM was exclusively and strongly induced when the cells were exposed to Vetiver extract, and depletion of multi-ECF sigma factors (ΔsigM, ΔsigW, ΔsigX, and ΔsigV) enhanced sensitivity to it. From this quadruple mutant strain, the suppressor strains, which restored resistance to the bactericidal activity of Vetiver extract, emerged, although attempts to obtain resistant strains from the wild type did not succeed. Whole-genome resequencing of the suppressor strains and genetic analysis revealed inactivation of xseB or pnpA, which code for exodeoxyribonuclease or polynucleotide phosphorylase, respectively. This allowed the quadruple mutant strain to escape from cell death caused by Vetiver extract. Composition analysis suggested that the sesquiterpene, khusimol, might contribute to the bactericidal activity of the Vetiver extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shinjyo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University
| | - Naoya Midorikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University
| | - Takashi Matsumoto
- Genome Research Center, NODAI Research Institute, Tokyo University of Agriculture
| | - Yuki Sugaya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University
| | - Yoshiki Ozawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University
| | - Ayumi Oana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University
| | - Chiaki Horie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University
| | - Hirofumi Yoshikawa
- Genome Research Center, NODAI Research Institute, Tokyo University of Agriculture.,Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture
| | - Yasuhiro Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University
| | - Toshio Hasegawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University
| | - Kei Asai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University.,Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture
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Rinaldi MA, Ferraz CA, Scrutton NS. Alternative metabolic pathways and strategies to high-titre terpenoid production in Escherichia coli. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:90-118. [PMID: 34231643 PMCID: PMC8791446 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00025j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2021Terpenoids are a diverse group of chemicals used in a wide range of industries. Microbial terpenoid production has the potential to displace traditional manufacturing of these compounds with renewable processes, but further titre improvements are needed to reach cost competitiveness. This review discusses strategies to increase terpenoid titres in Escherichia coli with a focus on alternative metabolic pathways. Alternative pathways can lead to improved titres by providing higher orthogonality to native metabolism that redirects carbon flux, by avoiding toxic intermediates, by bypassing highly-regulated or bottleneck steps, or by being shorter and thus more efficient and easier to manipulate. The canonical 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) and mevalonate (MVA) pathways are engineered to increase titres, sometimes using homologs from different species to address bottlenecks. Further, alternative terpenoid pathways, including additional entry points into the MEP and MVA pathways, archaeal MVA pathways, and new artificial pathways provide new tools to increase titres. Prenyl diphosphate synthases elongate terpenoid chains, and alternative homologs create orthogonal pathways and increase product diversity. Alternative sources of terpenoid synthases and modifying enzymes can also be better suited for E. coli expression. Mining the growing number of bacterial genomes for new bacterial terpenoid synthases and modifying enzymes identifies enzymes that outperform eukaryotic ones and expand microbial terpenoid production diversity. Terpenoid removal from cells is also crucial in production, and so terpenoid recovery and approaches to handle end-product toxicity increase titres. Combined, these strategies are contributing to current efforts to increase microbial terpenoid production towards commercial feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro A Rinaldi
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
| | - Clara A Ferraz
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
| | - Nigel S Scrutton
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
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Navale GR, Dharne MS, Shinde SS. Metabolic engineering and synthetic biology for isoprenoid production in Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:457-475. [PMID: 33394155 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-11040-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Isoprenoids, often called terpenoids, are the most abundant and highly diverse family of natural organic compounds. In plants, they play a distinct role in the form of photosynthetic pigments, hormones, electron carrier, structural components of membrane, and defence. Many isoprenoids have useful applications in the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and chemical industries. They are synthesized by various isoprenoid synthase enzymes by several consecutive steps. Recent advancement in metabolic engineering and synthetic biology has enabled the production of these isoprenoids in the heterologous host systems like Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Both heterologous systems have been engineered for large-scale production of value-added isoprenoids. This review article will provide the detailed description of various approaches used for engineering of methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) and mevalonate (MVA) pathway for synthesizing isoprene units (C5) and ultimate production of diverse isoprenoids. The review particularly highlighted the efforts taken for the production of C5-C20 isoprenoids by metabolic engineering techniques in E. coli and S. cerevisiae over a decade. The challenges and strategies are also discussed in detail for scale-up and engineering of isoprenoids in the heterologous host systems.Key points• Isoprenoids are beneficial and valuable natural products.• E. coli and S. cerevisiae are the promising host for isoprenoid biosynthesis.• Emerging techniques in synthetic biology enabled the improved production.• Need to expand the catalogue and scale-up of un-engineered isoprenoids. Metabolic engineering and synthetic biology for isoprenoid production in Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govinda R Navale
- NCIM Resource Centre, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411 008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 001, India
| | - Mahesh S Dharne
- NCIM Resource Centre, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411 008, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 001, India.
| | - Sandip S Shinde
- NCIM Resource Centre, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411 008, India. .,Department Industrial and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai Marathwada Campus, Jalna, 431213, India.
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Aguilar F, Ekramzadeh K, Scheper T, Beutel S. Whole-Cell Production of Patchouli Oil Sesquiterpenes in Escherichia coli: Metabolic Engineering and Fermentation Optimization in Solid-Liquid Phase Partitioning Cultivation. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:32436-32446. [PMID: 33376881 PMCID: PMC7758989 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Patchouli oil is a major ingredient in perfumery, granting a dark-woody scent due to its main constituent (-)-patchoulol. The growing demand for patchouli oil has raised interest in the development of a biotechnological process to assure a reliable supply. Herein, we report the production of patchouli oil sesquiterpenes by metabolically engineered Escherichia coli strains, using solid-liquid phase partitioning cultivation. The (-)-patchoulol production was possible using the endogenous methylerythritol phosphate pathway and overexpressing a (-)-patchoulol synthase isoform from Pogostemon cablin but at low titers. To improve the (-)-patchoulol production, the exogenous mevalonate pathway was overexpressed in the multi-plasmid PTS + Mev strain, which increased the (-)-patchoulol titer 5-fold. Fermentation was improved further by evaluating several defined media, and optimizing the pH and temperature of culture broth, enhancing the (-)-patchoulol titer 3-fold. To augment the (-)-patchoulol recovery from fermentation, the solid-liquid phase partitioning cultivation was analyzed by screening polymeric adsorbers, where the Diaion HP20 adsorber demonstrated the highest (-)-patchoulol recovery from all tests. Fermentation was scaled-up to fed-batch bioreactors, reaching a (-)-patchoulol titer of 40.2 mg L-1 and productivity of 20.1 mg L-1 d-1. The terpene profile and aroma produced from the PTS + Mev strain were similar to the patchouli oil, comprising (-)-patchoulol as the main product, and α-bulnesene, trans-β-caryophyllene, β-patchoulene, and guaia-5,11-diene as side products. This investigation represents the first study of (-)-patchoulol production in E. coli by solid-liquid phase partitioning cultivation, which provides new insights for the development of sustainable bioprocesses for the microbial production of fragrant terpenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Aguilar
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University of Hannover, Callinstr. 5, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Kimia Ekramzadeh
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University of Hannover, Callinstr. 5, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Scheper
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University of Hannover, Callinstr. 5, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sascha Beutel
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University of Hannover, Callinstr. 5, 30167 Hannover, Germany
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