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Cardullo N, Calcagno D, Pulvirenti L, Sciacca C, Pittalà MGG, Maccarronello AE, Thevenard F, Muccilli V. Flavonoids with lipase inhibitory activity from lemon squeezing waste: isolation, multispectroscopic and in silico studies. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:7639-7648. [PMID: 38775623 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is recognized as a lifestyle-related disease and the main risk factor for a series of pathological conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Citrus limon is an important medicinal plant, and its fruits are rich in flavonoids investigated for their potential in managing obesity. In the present work, a green extraction applied to lemon squeezing waste (LSW) was optimized to recover pancreatic lipase (PL) inhibitors. RESULTS The microwave-assisted procedure yielded an extract with higher lipase inhibitory activity than those obtained by maceration and ultrasound. The main compounds present in the extract were identified by high-performance liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis, and hesperidin, eriocitrin and 4'-methyllucenin II were isolated. The three compounds were evaluated for in vitro PL inhibitory activity, and 4'-methyllucenin II resulted in the most promising inhibitor (IC50 = 12.1 μmol L-1; Ki = 62.2 μmol L-1). Multispectroscopic approaches suggested the three flavonoids act as competitive inhibitors and the binding studies indicated a greater interaction between PL and 4'-methyllucenin II. Docking analysis indicated the significant interactions of the three flavonoids with the PL catalytic site. CONCLUSION The present work highlights flavonoid glycosides as promising PL inhibitors and proposes LSW as a safe ingredient for the preparation of food supplements for managing obesity. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzio Cardullo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Luana Pulvirenti
- CNR-ICB, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Catania, Italy
| | - Claudia Sciacca
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | | | - Fernanda Thevenard
- Centre of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo Andre, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vera Muccilli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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2
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Puglisi R, Mancuso LM, Santonocito R, Gulino A, Oliveri V, Ruffino R, Li Destri G, Muccilli V, Cardullo N, Tuccitto N, Pappalardo A, Sfuncia G, Nicotra G, Petroselli M, Pappalardo F, Zaccaria V, Trusso Sfrazzetto G. Dopamine sensing by fluorescent carbon nanoparticles synthesized using artichoke extract. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:7826-7836. [PMID: 39041171 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00651h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
The practical and easy detection of dopamine levels in human fluids, such as urine and saliva, is of great interest due to the correlation of dopamine concentration with several diseases. In this work, the one-step synthesis of water-soluble carbon nanoparticles (CNPs), starting from artichoke extract, containing catechol groups, for the fluorescence sensing of dopamine is reported. Size, morphology, chemical composition and electronic structure of CNPs were elucidated by DLS, AFM, XPS, FT-IR, EDX and TEM analyses. Their optical properties were then explored by UV-vis and fluorescence measurements in water. The dopamine recognition properties of these CNPs were investigated in water through fluorescence measurements and we observed the progressive enhancement of the CNP emission intensity upon the progressive addition of dopamine, with a binding affinity value of log K = 5.76 and a detection limit of 0.81 nM. Selectivity towards dopamine was tested over other interfering analytes commonly present in human saliva. Finally, in order to perform a solid point of care test, CNPs were adsorbed on a solid support and exposed to different concentrations of dopamine, thus observing a pseudo-linear response, using a smartphone as a detector. Therefore, the detection of dopamine in simulated human saliva was performed with excellent results, in terms of selectivity and a detection limit of 100 pM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Puglisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Laura Maria Mancuso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Rossella Santonocito
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Antonino Gulino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
- INSTM Udr of Catania, Catania 95125, Italy
| | - Valentina Oliveri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Roberta Ruffino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Li Destri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Vera Muccilli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Nunzio Cardullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Nunzio Tuccitto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Andrea Pappalardo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
- INSTM Udr of Catania, Catania 95125, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Sfuncia
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi (CNR-IMM), Strada VIII, n. 5, Zona Industriale, Catania, 1-95121, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Nicotra
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi (CNR-IMM), Strada VIII, n. 5, Zona Industriale, Catania, 1-95121, Italy
| | - Manuel Petroselli
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. PaÏsos Catalans 16, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | | | | | - Giuseppe Trusso Sfrazzetto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
- INSTM Udr of Catania, Catania 95125, Italy
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Elisabetta Maccarronello A, Cardullo N, Margarida Silva A, Di Francesco A, Costa PC, Rodrigues F, Muccilli V. From waste to bioactive compounds: A response surface methodology approach to extract antioxidants from Pistacia vera shells for postprandial hyperglycaemia management. Food Chem 2024; 443:138504. [PMID: 38309024 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Pistacia vera shells, an abundant agricultural by-product, are a rich source of undiscovered bioactive compounds. This study employed a response surface methodology (RSM) approach to optimize the microwave-assisted extraction of antioxidants. The highest total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity were achieved under the optimized extraction conditions (20 % ethanol, 1000 W, 135 s, and solvent-to-solid ratio of 27 mL/g). The resulting extract (OPVS-E) included gallic acid derivatives, hydrolysable tannins, flavonoids, fatty acids, and anacardic acids. Remarkably, OPVS-E displayed potent inhibitory activity against α-amylase (IC50 = 2.05 μg/mL) and α-glucosidase (IC50 = 41.07 μg/mL), by far more powerful than the anti-diabetic drug acarbose, OPVS-E exhibited a strong antiradical capacity against reactive oxygen species (ROS) without causing toxicity in intestinal cells (HT29-MTX and Caco-2). These findings introduce OPVS-E as a potential novel dual-action nutraceutical ingredient, able to mitigate postprandial hyperglycemia and counteract the ROS overproduction occurring in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nunzio Cardullo
- University of Catania, Department of Chemical Sciences, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Ana Margarida Silva
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Antonella Di Francesco
- University of Catania, Department of Chemical Sciences, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Paulo C Costa
- UCIBIO, Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, MedTech-Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisca Rodrigues
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Vera Muccilli
- University of Catania, Department of Chemical Sciences, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
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Amarowicz R, Pegg RB. Condensed tannins-Their content in plant foods, changes during processing, antioxidant and biological activities. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2024; 110:327-398. [PMID: 38906590 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Condensed tannins are considered nutritionally undesirable, because they precipitate proteins, inhibit digestive enzymes, and can affect the absorption of vitamins and minerals. From the consumer's point of view, they impart astringency to foods. Yet, they are viewed as a double-edged sword, since they possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Intake of a small quantity of the right kind of tannins may in fact be beneficial to human health. This chapter reports on the chemical structure of condensed tannins, their content in plants and food of plant origin, how they are extracted, and methods for their determination. A description of the effects of processing on condensed tannins is discussed and includes soaking, dehulling, thermal processing (i.e., cooking, boiling, autoclaving, extrusion), and germination. The astringency of condensed tannins is described in relation to their interactions with proteins. Finally, details about the biological properties of condensed tannins, including their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-diabetic, and anti-obesity activities, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard Amarowicz
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Ronald B Pegg
- Department of Food Science & Technology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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Muccilli V, Maccarronello AE, Rasoanandrasana C, Cardullo N, de Luna MS, Pittalà MG, Riccobene PM, Carroccio SC, Scamporrino AA. Green 3: A green extraction of green additives for green plastics. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24469. [PMID: 38298717 PMCID: PMC10828702 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
PLA/PBAT bioplastic is a commercial biodegradable plastic employed for packaging and several food and agriculture applications. In this regard, properties such as the antioxidant ability to extend food shelf life and light resistance, are of great interest in the production of packaging and mulching films, respectively. These features are obtained by developing blends with pure chemicals and/or natural products as additives. In the present work blend formulations of PLA/PBAT with a walnut shell extract rich in antioxidants were developed and evaluated for their properties in comparison with classic PLA/PBAT. Specifically, natural additives, and most importantly the production process were purposely selected to i) be green and cost-effective; ii) confer antioxidant properties; and iii) improve material performance. To this aim, a walnut shell extract (EWS) with high antioxidant activity was obtained thanks to a novel green and cost-effective microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) procedure. A response surface methodology was utilized to explore how the total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity are influenced by varying aqueous ethanol concentration, extraction time, and microwave power. The highest predicted TPC and antioxidant activity were achieved when employing the ideal conditions for Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE): using a mixture of 30 % ethanol in water, an irradiation time of 120 s, and a microwave power of 670 W. The optimized EWS was characterized by HPLC-MS determining qualitative and quantitative data with the identification of flavonoids, fatty acids, and anacardic acids among the main components, responsible for antioxidant activity. The resulting EWS powder was melt-mixed at 140C° and 20 RPM with the bio-based PLA/PBAT bioplastic at two different concentrations (0.5 and 1.5 w/w) by forming film specimens. All EWS-based bioplastic films showed increased antioxidant features determined by the DPPH bleaching test, TEAC, and ORAC assays. The films keep the antioxidant capacity even after 7 days of UV-accelerated aging. Remarkably, adding 1.5 % EWS boosted the bioplastic UV light resistance, reducing the abatement of molecular masses by more than 60 % without affecting mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Muccilli
- University of Catania – Department of Chemical Sciences, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, CT, Italy
| | - Anna E. Maccarronello
- University of Catania – Department of Chemical Sciences, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, CT, Italy
| | - Carolle Rasoanandrasana
- Sorbonne Polytech - Bâtiment Esclangon, 4 Place Jussieu, Case Courrier 135, 75252, Paris, Cedex 05, Italy
| | - Nunzio Cardullo
- University of Catania – Department of Chemical Sciences, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, CT, Italy
| | - Martina S. de Luna
- University of Naples Federico II - Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials and Industrial Production, DICMaPI, P. le Tecchio 80, 80125, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria G.G. Pittalà
- University of Catania – Department of Chemical Sciences, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, CT, Italy
| | - Paolo M. Riccobene
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials CNR, Via P. Gaifami, 18, 95125, Catania, CT, Italy
| | - Sabrina C. Carroccio
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials CNR, Via P. Gaifami, 18, 95125, Catania, CT, Italy
| | - Andrea A. Scamporrino
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials CNR, Via P. Gaifami, 18, 95125, Catania, CT, Italy
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Shi S, Cheng J, Ahmad N, Zhao W, Tian M, Yuan Z, Li C, Zhao C. Effects of potential allelochemicals in a water extract of Abutilon theophrasti Medik. on germination and growth of Glycine max L., Triticum aestivum L., and Zea mays L. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:2155-2165. [PMID: 36369956 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medik.), primarily a cropland weed, exerts adverse impacts on the productivity of various crops, including soybean (Glycine max L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and maize (Zea mays L.), by hindering their vegetative growth. However, the interference mechanism of velvetleaf on the three crops remains unclear. RESULTS The inhibitory effect of velvetleaf water extract on the germination and growth of soybean, wheat, and maize was determined in pot experiments and field trials. Four phenolic acids were identified as allelochemicals: protocatechuic acid (PA), gallic acid (GA), chlorogenic acid (CHA), and vanillic acid (VA). These allelochemicals were detected in different parts (leaves, roots, and stems) of velvetleaf, and in the rhizosphere soil of tested crops over the range of 1.19-556.23 μm kg-1 . These allelochemicals were administered in approximate concentrations as in velvetleaf roots and rhizosphere soil, and their effects varied with crop species and velvetleaf parts. The allelochemicals generally had low-dose stimulation and high-dose inhibition effects on the growth of soybean, wheat, and maize. Furthermore, the biomass distribution of these crops was affected by allelochemicals in the soil. In field trials, the allelochemicals significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited the growth of all tested crops over the whole growth period, and PA showed a significant (P < 0.05) inhibitory effect on the yield of soybean, wheat, and maize. CONCLUSION GA, PA, CHA, and VA in velvetleaf aqueous extracts were identified as allelochemicals that play an inhibitory role on three crops. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Shi
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of ecological utilization of Forestry-based active substances, Harbin, China
| | - Jiabo Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of ecological utilization of Forestry-based active substances, Harbin, China
| | - Naveed Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Wenyan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of ecological utilization of Forestry-based active substances, Harbin, China
| | - Mengfei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of ecological utilization of Forestry-based active substances, Harbin, China
| | - Zhanyu Yuan
- Hisun Pharmaceutical (Hangzhou) Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunying Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of ecological utilization of Forestry-based active substances, Harbin, China
| | - Chunjian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of ecological utilization of Forestry-based active substances, Harbin, China
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Mattioli LB, Corazza I, Micucci M, Pallavicini M, Budriesi R. Tannins-Based Extracts: Effects on Gut Chicken Spontaneous Contractility. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28010395. [PMID: 36615589 PMCID: PMC9824427 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The impossibility of using drugs for the health of farm animals leads to the search for alternative strategies with two purposes: to maintain animal health and safeguard human health. In this perspective, tannins have shown great promises. These phytocomplexes obtained from natural matrices with multiple health properties may be used as a feed supplement in chicken farms. In this work, we studied two tannin-based extracts (from Castanea sativa Mill. wood and from Schinopsis balansae Engl. Quebracho Colorado hardwood) with different chemical compositions on the spontaneous contractility on the isolated intestinal tissues of healthy chicken. The results showed that the chemical composition of the two phytocomplexes influenced the spontaneous intestinal contractility in different ways by regulating the tone and consequent progression of the food bolus. The chemical analysis of the two extracts revealed that Castanea sativa Mill. wood mainly contains hydrolysable tannins, while Schinopsis balansae Engl. hardwood mainly contains condensed tannins. The two phytocomplexes showed different effects towards gastrointestinal smooth muscle contractility, with Castanea sativa Mill. wood providing a better activity profile than Schinopsis balansae Engl. hardwood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Beatrice Mattioli
- Food Chemistry and Nutraceutical Lab, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ivan Corazza
- Department of Specialistic, Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Micucci
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, 61029 Urbino, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (R.B.)
| | - Marco Pallavicini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milano, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Budriesi
- Food Chemistry and Nutraceutical Lab, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (R.B.)
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Besharati M, Maggiolino A, Palangi V, Kaya A, Jabbar M, Eseceli H, De Palo P, Lorenzo JM. Tannin in Ruminant Nutrition: Review. Molecules 2022; 27:8273. [PMID: 36500366 PMCID: PMC9738529 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tannins are polyphenols characterized by different molecular weights that plants are able to synthetize during their secondary metabolism. Macromolecules (proteins, structural carbohydrates and starch) can link tannins and their digestion can decrease. Tannins can be classified into two groups: hydrolysable tannins and condensed tannins. Tannins are polyphenols, which can directly or indirectly affect intake and digestion. Their ability to bind molecules and form complexes depends on the structure of polyphenols and on the macromolecule involved. Tannins have long been known to be an "anti-nutritional agent" in monogastric and poultry animals. Using good tannins' proper application protocols helped the researchers observe positive effects on the intestinal microbial ecosystem, gut health, and animal production. Plant tannins are used as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics, and many factors have been described by researchers which contribute to the variability in their efficiencies. The objective of this study was to review the literature about tannins, their effects and use in ruminant nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maghsoud Besharati
- Department of Animal Science, Ahar Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tabriz, Ahar 5451785354, Iran
| | - Aristide Maggiolino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari A. Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Valiollah Palangi
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | - Adem Kaya
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Jabbar
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biosciences, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Hüseyin Eseceli
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, Balikesir 10200, Turkey
| | - Pasquale De Palo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari A. Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Jose M. Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avd. Galicia 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, 32900 Ourense, Spain
- Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
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Spaghetti Enriched with Inulin: Effect of Polymerization Degree on Quality Traits and α-Amylase Inhibition. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082482. [PMID: 35458679 PMCID: PMC9026318 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inulin is considered a dietary fiber and represents a noteworthy ingredient for food biofortification due to its health effects and its neutral taste. The aim of the work was the evaluation of the quality of pasta produced using whole-meal flours of two ancient Sicilian landraces (Senatore Cappelli-CAP and Timilia—TIM) fortified with two types of inulin (long-chain topinambur inulin IT and low-chain chicory inulin IC), at two different levels of substitution (2 and 4%) to evaluate its possible effect on α-amylase inhibition. The color indices L* and a* were mainly influenced by cultivars, while IT improved the sensory attributes, mainly the elasticity sensation, and influenced less the other sensory attributes: adhesiveness, color, odor, taste, and Over Quality Score for both landraces. The cooking quality was linked mainly to the landrace used, due to the very different gluten matrix of CAP and TIM. IC and IT showed promising α-Amy inhibitory activity with comparable IC50 values of 0.45 ± 0.04 and 0.50 ± 0.06 mg/mL. The enrichment of spaghetti with inulin with an inhibitory effect on α-amylase determined the hypoglycemic properties of pasta, thus lowering the corresponding IC50 value.
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Zare F, Hassanpour S, Asghari A, Jahandideh A. Anti-nociceptive Activity of Quebracho tannin Extract on Pain Induced by Formalin and Writhing Tests in Mice. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL BIOCHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.34172/ajmb.2021.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Based on positive role of the tannins for pain relief, there is no report for possible antinociceptive activity of the Quebracho tannin. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the anti-nociceptive activity of the Quebracho tannin extract (QTE) on pain in mice. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, 340 mice were used for formalin and writhing tests each including 4 experiments with 4 sub-groups. In experiment 1, mice were injected with saline, QTE (100 mg/kg), QTE (200 mg/kg), QTE (400 mg/kg), and morphine (5 mg/kg). In the second experiment, injections included saline, QTE (400 mg/kg), naloxone (2 mg/kg), and QTE + naloxone. Experiments 3 and 4 were similar to experiment 2, except that mice injected were with NG-nitro arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 10 mg/kg) and cyproheptadine (4 mg/kg) instead of naloxone. Then, formalin (1%) was injected, and time spent for licking the injected paw was recorded until 30 minutes following injection in the first and second phases. Finally, injections in 4 experiment groups were the same, and animals were intraperitoneally injected with acetic acid, and contractions were recorded in the writhing test category. Results: According to the results, QTE (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) decreased pain in the injected paw (P=0.001) and inhibited the pain response by 59.37% (P=0.001). Moreover, the injection of naloxone + QTE significantly decreased pain in the injected paw (P=0.021). Eventually, the injection of the L-NAME + QTE significantly reduced the anti-nociception effect of the QTE on the formalin test (P=0.031) and writhing contractions (55.75%, P=0.033). Conclusion: These findings suggested anti-nociceptive properties of the QTE mediated by opioidergic and nitrergic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Zare
- Graduate Student, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Hassanpour
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Asghari
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Jahandideh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Cardullo N, Floresta G, Rescifina A, Muccilli V, Tringali C. Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of chlorogenic acid amides as potential hypoglycemic agents and their synergistic effect with acarbose. Bioorg Chem 2021; 117:105458. [PMID: 34736132 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease considered one of the most severe global health emergencies. Chlorogenic acid (1) has been shown to delay intestinal glucose absorption by inhibiting the activity of α-glucosidase (α-Glu) and α-amylase (α-Amy). In the present work, eleven chlorogenic acid amides have been synthesized and evaluated for their antioxidant properties (as DPPH and ORAC) and inhibition activity towards the two enzymes and, with the aim to obtain dual-action antidiabetic agents. The two most promising hypoglycemic compounds, bearing a tertiary amine function on an alkyl chain (8) and a benzothiazole scaffold (11), showed IC50 values lower than that of (1) (45.5 µM α-Glu; 105.2 µM α-Amy). Amides 8 and 11 were by far more potent α-Glu inhibitors than the antidiabetic drug acarbose (IC50 = 268.4 µM) and about twice less active toward α-Amy than acarbose (IC50 = 34.4 µM). Kinetics experiments on amides 8 and 11 indicated these compounds as mixed-type inhibitors of α-Glu with K'i values of 13.3 and 6.3 µM, respectively. The amylase inhibition occurred with a competitive mechanism in the presence of 8 (Ki = 79.7 µM) and with a mixed-type mechanism with 11 (Ki = 19.1 µM; K'i = 93.6 µM). Molecular docking analyses supported these results, highlighting the presence of additional binding sites in both enzymes. Fluorescence experiments confirmed the grater affinity of amides 8 and 11 towards the two enzymes respect to (1). Moreover, a significant enhancement in acarbose efficacy was observed when inhibition assays were performed adding acarbose and amide 11. The above outcomes pinpointed the benzothiazole-based amide 11 as a promising candidate for further studies on type 2 diabetes treatment, both alone or combined with acarbose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzio Cardullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, Catania 95125, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Floresta
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Antonio Rescifina
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e della Salute, Università degli Studi di Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, Catania 95125, Italy.
| | - Vera Muccilli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, Catania 95125, Italy.
| | - Corrado Tringali
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, Catania 95125, Italy.
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Fraga-Corral M, Otero P, Cassani L, Echave J, Garcia-Oliveira P, Carpena M, Chamorro F, Lourenço-Lopes C, Prieto MA, Simal-Gandara J. Traditional Applications of Tannin Rich Extracts Supported by Scientific Data: Chemical Composition, Bioavailability and Bioaccessibility. Foods 2021; 10:251. [PMID: 33530516 PMCID: PMC7912241 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tannins are polyphenolic compounds historically utilized in textile and adhesive industries, but also in traditional human and animal medicines or foodstuffs. Since 20th-century, advances in analytical chemistry have allowed disclosure of the chemical nature of these molecules. The chemical profile of extracts obtained from previously selected species was investigated to try to establish a bridge between traditional background and scientific data. The study of the chemical composition of these extracts has permitted us to correlate the presence of tannins and other related molecules with the effectiveness of their apparent uses. The revision of traditional knowledge paired with scientific evidence may provide a supporting background on their use and the basis for developing innovative pharmacology and food applications based on formulations using natural sources of tannins. This traditional-scientific approach can result useful due to the raising consumers' demand for natural products in markets, to which tannin-rich extracts may pose an attractive alternative. Therefore, it is of interest to back traditional applications with accurate data while meeting consumer's acceptance. In this review, several species known to contain high amounts of tannins have been selected as a starting point to establish a correlation between their alleged traditional use, tannins content and composition and potential bioaccessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fraga-Corral
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (L.C.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (F.C.); (C.L.-L.)
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Campus de Santa Apolonia, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Paz Otero
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (L.C.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (F.C.); (C.L.-L.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago of Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Lucia Cassani
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (L.C.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (F.C.); (C.L.-L.)
- Research Group of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata RA7600, Argentina
| | - Javier Echave
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (L.C.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (F.C.); (C.L.-L.)
| | - Paula Garcia-Oliveira
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (L.C.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (F.C.); (C.L.-L.)
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Campus de Santa Apolonia, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Maria Carpena
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (L.C.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (F.C.); (C.L.-L.)
| | - Franklin Chamorro
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (L.C.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (F.C.); (C.L.-L.)
| | - Catarina Lourenço-Lopes
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (L.C.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (F.C.); (C.L.-L.)
| | - Miguel A. Prieto
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (L.C.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (F.C.); (C.L.-L.)
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (L.C.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (F.C.); (C.L.-L.)
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13
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Fraga-Corral M, Otero P, Echave J, Garcia-Oliveira P, Carpena M, Jarboui A, Nuñez-Estevez B, Simal-Gandara J, Prieto MA. By-Products of Agri-Food Industry as Tannin-Rich Sources: A Review of Tannins' Biological Activities and Their Potential for Valorization. Foods 2021; 10:137. [PMID: 33440730 PMCID: PMC7827785 DOI: 10.3390/foods10010137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
During recent decades, consumers have been continuously moving towards the substitution of synthetic ingredients of the food industry by natural products, obtained from vegetal, animal or microbial sources. Additionally, a circular economy has been proposed as the most efficient production system since it allows for reducing and reutilizing different wastes. Current agriculture is responsible for producing high quantities of organic agricultural waste (e.g., discarded fruits and vegetables, peels, leaves, seeds or forestall residues), that usually ends up underutilized and accumulated, causing environmental problems. Interestingly, these agri-food by-products are potential sources of valuable bioactive molecules such as tannins. Tannins are phenolic compounds, secondary metabolites of plants widespread in terrestrial and aquatic natural environments. As they can be found in plenty of plants and herbs, they have been traditionally used for medicinal and other purposes, such as the leather industry. This fact is explained by the fact that they exert plenty of different biological activities and, thus, they entail a great potential to be used in the food, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industry. Consequently, this review article is directed towards the description of the biological activities exerted by tannins as they could be further extracted from by-products of the agri-food industry to produce high-added-value products.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Fraga-Corral
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (A.J.); (B.N.-E.)
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Campus de Santa Apolonia, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Paz Otero
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (A.J.); (B.N.-E.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago of Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Javier Echave
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (A.J.); (B.N.-E.)
| | - Paula Garcia-Oliveira
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (A.J.); (B.N.-E.)
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Campus de Santa Apolonia, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Maria Carpena
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (A.J.); (B.N.-E.)
| | - Amira Jarboui
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (A.J.); (B.N.-E.)
| | - Bernabé Nuñez-Estevez
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (A.J.); (B.N.-E.)
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Campus de Santa Apolonia, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (A.J.); (B.N.-E.)
| | - Miguel A. Prieto
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (A.J.); (B.N.-E.)
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Campus de Santa Apolonia, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
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