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Jin T, Pang L, Yue T, Niu L, Li T, Liang Y, Zhang Y, Yan C, Yang B, Zhang C, Xia X. The role of DsbA and PepP genes in the environmental tolerance and virulence factors of Cronobacter sakazakii. Food Res Int 2024; 190:114555. [PMID: 38945560 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Cronobacter sakazakii, an opportunity foodborne pathogen, could contaminate a broad range of food materials and cause life-threatening symptoms in infants. The bacterial envelope structure contribute to bacterial environment tolerance, biofilm formation and virulence in various in Gram-negative bacteria. DsbA and PepP are two important genes related to the biogenesis and stability of bacterial envelope. In this study, the DsbA and PepP were deleted in C. sakazakii to evaluate their contribution to stress tolerance and virulence of the pathogen. The bacterial environment resistance assays showed DsbA and PepP are essential in controlling C. sakazakii resistance to heat and desiccation in different mediums, as well as acid, osmotic, oxidation and bile salt stresses. DsbA and PepP also played an important role in regulating biofilm formation and motility. Furthermore, DsbA and PepP deletion weaken C. sakazakii adhesion and invasion in Caco-2, intracellular survival and replication in RAW 264.7. qRT-PCR results showed that DsbA and PepP of C. sakazakii played roles in regulating the expression of several genes associated with environment stress tolerance, biofilm formation, bacterial motility and cellular invasion. These findings indicate that DsbA and PepP played an important regulatory role in the environment resisitance, biofilm formation and virulence of C. sakazakii, which enrich understanding of genetic determinants of adaptability and virulence of the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Jin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China
| | - Liuxin Pang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Ting Yue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Lingling Niu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Tingting Li
- Food Science department, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Yujing Liang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072 PR China
| | - Yunlong Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Chunhong Yan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China
| | - Baowei Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Chunling Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
| | - Xiaodong Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China.
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Puca V, Marinacci B, Pellegrini B, Campanile F, Santagati M, Grande R. Biofilm and bacterial membrane vesicles: recent advances. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2024; 34:475-491. [PMID: 38578180 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2024.2338101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bacterial Membrane Vesicles (MVs) play important roles in cell-to-cell communication and transport of several molecules. Such structures are essential components of Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) biofilm matrix of many bacterial species displaying a structural function and a role in virulence and pathogenesis. AREAS COVERED In this review were included original articles from the last ten years by searching the keywords 'biofilm' and 'vesicles' on PUBMED and Scopus databases. The articles available in literature mainly describe a positive correlation between bacterial MVs and biofilms formation. The research on Espacenet and Google Patent databases underlines the available patents related to the application of both biofilm MVs and planktonic MVs in inhibiting biofilm formation. EXPERT OPINION This review covers and analyzes recent advances in the study of the relationship between bacterial vesicles and biofilm. The huge number of papers discussing the role of MVs confirms the interest aimed at developing new applications in the medical field. The study of the MVs composition and biogenesis may contribute to the identification of components which could be (i) the target for the development of new drugs inhibiting the biofilm establishment; (ii) candidates for the development of vaccines; (iii) biomarkers for the diagnosis of bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Puca
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Beatrice Marinacci
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Benedetta Pellegrini
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Floriana Campanile
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC) - Microbiology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Santagati
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC) - Microbiology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rossella Grande
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Huang JJ, Jia L, Zhang QJ, Li HH, Zheng DL, Zheng M. Anti-Microbial Effect of AgBr-NP@CTMAB on Streptococcus Mutans and Assessment of Surface Roughness Hardness and Flexural Strength of PMMA. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:1273-1285. [PMID: 38348176 PMCID: PMC10860590 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s436613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the inhibition of Streptococcus mutans (S.mutans) and its biofilm by AgBr-nanoparticles (NP) @CTMAB (cetyltrimethyl-ammonium bromide) and evaluate the changes in Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)'s surface roughness (Ra), microhardness, and flexural strength during prolonged immersion in AgBr-NP@CTMAB for application in the denture cleaning industry. Patients and Methods The antibacterial activity of AgBr-NP@CTMAB against S.mutans was measured colony formation assay, OD600 and laser confocal microscopy. Changes in the specimens' values for surface roughness, microhardness, and flexural strength (MPa) were measured after immersion solutions for 180 or 360 days. Results The AgBr-NP@CTMAB solution exhibited a robust antibacterial effect on planktonic S. mutans, with a minimum bactericidal concentration of 5 µg/mL. The 10 µg/mL AgBr-NP@CTMAB solution efficiently inhibited S. mutans biofilm formation. (2) No significant difference in surface roughness after immersion in AgBr-NP@CTMAB (10 µg/mL and 20 µg/mL) comparing with distilled water (P > 0.05) and Polident had significantly higher than distilled water (P < 0.05). There was a significant decrease in the surface hardness of the PMMA specimens that were immersed in the Polident compared with those in distilled water (P < 0.05). While, no significant differences in surface hardness after immersion in the AgBr-NP@CTMAB (P > 0.05). The result of flexural strength suggested that there was no statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) between AgBr-NP@CTMAB as well as Polident and water. Conclusion AgBrNP@CTMAB can efficiently inhibit the growth of plankton S.mutans and biofilm formation, without affecting the flexural strength, microhardness, or surface roughness of PMMA. Therefore, AgBrNP@CTMAB holds promise as a new denture cleaning agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Huang
- Second Department of Dental Implant, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Jia
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fujian Biological Materials Engineering and Technology Center of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350004, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiao-Jun Zhang
- Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao-Hong Li
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350116, People’s Republic of China
| | - Da-Li Zheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fujian Biological Materials Engineering and Technology Center of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Zheng
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, People’s Republic of China
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Wu F, Ren F, Xie X, Meng J, Wu X. The implication of viability and pathogenicity by truncated lipopolysaccharide in Yersinia enterocolitica. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:7165-7180. [PMID: 37728625 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12785-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The fast envelope stress responses play a key role in the transmission and pathogenesis of Yersinia enterocolitica, one of the most common foodborne pathogens. Our previous study showed that deletion of the waaF gene, essential for the biosynthesis of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) core polysaccharides, led to the formation of a truncated LPS structure and induced cell envelope stress. This envelope stress may disturb the intracellular signal transduction, thereby affecting the physiological functions of Y. enterocolitica. In this study, truncated LPS caused by waaF deletion was used as a model of envelope stress in Y. enterocolitica. We investigated the mechanisms of envelope stress responses and the cellular functions affected by truncated LPS. Transcriptome analysis and phenotypic validation showed that LPS truncation reduced flagellar assembly, bacterial chemotaxis, and inositol phosphate metabolism, presenting lower pathogenicity and viability both in vivo and in vitro environments. Further 4D label-free phosphorylation analysis confirmed that truncated LPS perturbed multiple intracellular signal transduction pathways. Specifically, a comprehensive discussion was conducted on the mechanisms by which chemotactic signal transduction and Rcs system contribute to the inhibition of chemotaxis. Finally, the pathogenicity of Y. enterocolitica with truncated LPS was evaluated in vitro using IPEC-J2 cells as models, and it was found that truncated LPS exhibited reduced adhesion, invasion, and toxicity of Y. enterocolitica to IPEC-J2 cells. Our research provides an understanding of LPS in the regulation of Y. enterocolitica viability and pathogenicity and, thus, opening new avenues to develop novel food safety strategies or drugs to prevent and control Y. enterocolitica infections. KEY POINTS: • Truncated LPS reduces flagellar assembly, chemotaxis, and inositol phosphate metabolism in Y. enterocolitica. • Truncated LPS reduces adhesion, invasion, and toxicity of Y. enterocolitica to IPEC-J2 cells. • Truncated LPS regulates intracellular signal transduction of Y. enterocolitica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Fengyun Ren
- Laboratory of Nutrient Resources and Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Science, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Xixian Xie
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Jiao Meng
- Laboratory of Nutrient Resources and Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Science, Tianjin, 300308, China.
| | - Xin Wu
- Laboratory of Nutrient Resources and Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Science, Tianjin, 300308, China
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Huang C, Li W, Chen J. Stringent Response Factor DksA Contributes to Fatty Acid Degradation Function to Influence Cell Membrane Stability and Polymyxin B Resistance of Yersinia enterocolitica. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11951. [PMID: 37569327 PMCID: PMC10418728 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
DksA is a proteobacterial regulator that binds directly to the secondary channel of RNA polymerase with (p)ppGpp and is responsible for various bacterial physiological activities. While (p)ppGpp is known to be involved in the regulation and response of fatty acid metabolism pathways in many foodborne pathogens, the role of DksA in this process has yet to be clarified. This study aimed to characterize the function of DksA on fatty acid metabolism and cell membrane structure in Yersinia enterocolitica. Therefore, comparison analysis of gene expression, growth conditions, and membrane permeabilization among the wide-type (WT), DksA-deficient mutant (YEND), and the complemented strain was carried out. It confirmed that deletion of DksA led to a more than four-fold decrease in the expression of fatty acid degradation genes, including fadADEIJ. Additionally, YEND exhibited a smaller growth gap compared to the WT strain at low temperatures, indicating that DksA is not required for the growth of Y. enterocolitica in cold environments. Given that polymyxin B is a cationic antimicrobial peptide that targets the cell membrane, the roles of DksA under polymyxin B exposure were also characterized. It was found that DksA positively regulates the integrity of the inner and outer membranes of Y. enterocolitica under polymyxin B, preventing the leakage of intracellular nucleic acids and proteins and ultimately reducing the sensitivity of Y. enterocolitica to polymyxin B. Taken together, this study provides insights into the functions of DksA and paves the way for novel fungicide development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jingyu Chen
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Qinghua East Rd., Beijing 100083, China
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Tang X, Yang T, Shen Y, Song X, Benghezal M, Marshall BJ, Tang H, Li H. Roles of Lipopolysaccharide Glycosyltransferases in Maintenance of Helicobacter pylori Morphology, Cell Wall Permeability, and Antimicrobial Susceptibilities. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11381. [PMID: 37511140 PMCID: PMC10379358 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori has a unique lipopolysaccharide structure that is essential in maintaining its cell envelope integrity and imbues the bacterium with natural resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs). Our group has recently elucidated the complete set of LPS glycosyltransferase genes in H. pylori reference strain G27. Here, with a series of eight systematically constructed LPS glycosyltransferase gene mutants (G27ΔHP1578, G27ΔHP1283, G27ΔHP0159, G27ΔHP0479, G27ΔHP0102, G27ΔwecA, G27ΔHP1284 and G27ΔHP1191), we investigated the roles of H. pylori LPS glycosyltransferases in maintaining cell morphology, cell wall permeability, and antimicrobial susceptibilities. We demonstrated that deletion of these LPS glycosyltransferase genes did not interfere with bacterial cell wall permeability, but resulted in significant morphological changes (coccoid, coiled "c"-shape, and irregular shapes) after 48 h growth as compared to the rod-like cell shape of the wild-type strain. Moreover, as compared with the wild-type, none of the LPS mutants had altered susceptibility against clarithromycin, levofloxacin, amoxicillin, tetracycline, and metronidazole. However, the deletion of the conserved LPS glycosyltransferases, especially the O-antigen-initiating enzyme WecA, displayed a dramatic increase in susceptibility to the CAMP polymyxin B and rifampicin. Taken together, our findings suggest that the LPS glycosyltransferases play critical roles in the maintenance of the typical spiral morphology of H. pylori, as well as resistance to CAMPs and rifampicin. The LPS glycosyltransferases could be promising targets for developing novel anti-H. pylori drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiong Tang
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tiankuo Yang
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yalin Shen
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaona Song
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mohammed Benghezal
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Barry J Marshall
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Hong Tang
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hong Li
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Öztürk FY, Darcan C, Kariptaş E. The Determination, Monitoring, Molecular Mechanisms and Formation of Biofilm in E. coli. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:259-277. [PMID: 36577889 PMCID: PMC9943865 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00895-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are cell assemblies embedded in an exopolysaccharide matrix formed by microorganisms of a single or many different species. This matrix in which they are embedded protects the bacteria from external influences and antimicrobial effects. The biofilm structure that microorganisms form to protect themselves from harsh environmental conditions and survive is found in nature in many different environments. These environments where biofilm formation occurs have in common that they are in contact with fluids. The gene expression of bacteria in complex biofilm differs from that of bacteria in the planktonic state. The differences in biofilm cell expression are one of the effects of community life. Means of quorum sensing, bacteria can act in coordination with each other. At the same time, while biofilm formation provides many benefits to bacteria, it has positive and negative effects in many different areas. Depending on where they occur, biofilms can cause serious health problems, contamination risks, corrosion, and heat and efficiency losses. However, they can also be used in water treatment plants, bioremediation, and energy production with microbial fuel cells. In this review, the basic steps of biofilm formation and biofilm regulation in the model organism Escherichia coli were discussed. Finally, the methods by which biofilm formation can be detected and monitored were briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fırat Yavuz Öztürk
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic, Faculty of Arts and Science, Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey.
| | - Cihan Darcan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic, Faculty of Arts and Science, Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Ergin Kariptaş
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Samsun University, Samsun, Turkey
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8
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Lach SR, Kumar S, Kim S, Im W, Konovalova A. Conformational rearrangements in the sensory RcsF/OMP complex mediate signal transduction across the bacterial cell envelope. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010601. [PMID: 36706155 PMCID: PMC9907809 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Timely detection and repair of envelope damage are paramount for bacterial survival. The Regulator of Capsule Synthesis (Rcs) stress response can transduce the stress signals across the multilayered gram-negative cell envelope to regulate gene expression in the cytoplasm. Previous studies defined the overall pathway, which begins with the sensory lipoprotein RcsF interacting with several outer membrane proteins (OMPs). RcsF can also interact with the periplasmic domain of the negative regulator IgaA, derepressing the downstream RcsCDB phosphorelay. However, how the RcsF/IgaA interaction is regulated at the molecular level to activate the signaling in response to stress remains poorly understood. In this study, we used a site-saturated mutant library of rcsF to carry out several independent genetic screens to interrogate the mechanism of signal transduction from RcsF to IgaA. We analyzed several distinct classes of rcsF signaling mutants, and determined the region of RcsF that is critically important for signal transduction. This region is bifunctional as it is important for RcsF interaction with both IgaA and OMPs. The mutant analysis provides strong evidence for conformational changes in the RcsF/OMP complex mediating signal transduction to IgaA, and the first direct evidence that OMPs play an important regulatory role in Rcs signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R. Lach
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, United States of America
- The University of Texas MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Seonghoon Kim
- Departments of Biological Sciences, Chemistry, Bioengineering, and Computer Science and Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- School of Computational Sciences, Korea Institute for Advanced Study, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonpil Im
- Departments of Biological Sciences, Chemistry, Bioengineering, and Computer Science and Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Anna Konovalova
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, United States of America
- The University of Texas MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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9
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Ma G, Ding Y, Wu Q, Zhang J, Liu M, Wang Z, Wang Z, Wu S, Yang X, Li Y, Wei X, Wang J. Yersinia enterocolitica-Derived Outer Membrane Vesicles Inhibit Initial Stage of Biofilm Formation. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122357. [PMID: 36557609 PMCID: PMC9786825 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersinia enterocolitica (Y. enterocolitica) is an important food-borne and zoonotic pathogen. It can form biofilm on the surface of food, increasing the risk to food safety. Generally, outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are spherical nanostructures secreted by Gram-negative bacteria during growth. They play a role in biological processes because they contain biologically active molecules. Several studies have reported that OMVs secreted by various bacteria are associated with the formation of biofilms. However, the interactions between Y. enterocolitica OMVs and biofilm are unknown. This study aims to investigate the effect of Y. enterocolitica OMVs on biofilm formation. Firstly, OMVs were extracted from Y. enterocolitica Y1083, which has a strong biofilm-forming ability, at 15 °C, 28 °C and 37 °C and then characterized. The characterization results showed differences in the yield and protein content of three types of OMVs. Next, by co-culturing the OMVs with Y. enterocolitica, it was observed that the OMVs inhibited the initial stage of Y. enterocolitica biofilm formation but did not affect the growth of Y. enterocolitica. Furthermore, biofilm formation by Salmonella enteritidis and Staphylococcus aureus were also inhibited by OMVs. Subsequently, it was proved that lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in OMVs inhibited biofilm formation., The proteins, DNA or RNA in OMVs could not inhibit biofilm formation. Bacterial motility and the expression of the biofilm-related genes pgaABC, motB and flhBD were inhibited by LPS. LPS demonstrated good anti-biofilm activity against various bacteria. This study provides a new approach to the prevention and control of pathogenic bacterial biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxiang Ma
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Science & Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Zimeng Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Shi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Xiaojuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Xianhu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence:
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Kim HR, Han MS, Eom YB. Anti-bacterial and Anti-biofilm Effects of Equol on Yersinia enterocolitica. Indian J Microbiol 2022; 62:401-410. [PMID: 35974918 PMCID: PMC9375796 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-022-01020-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersinia enterocolitica has clinical significance due to its etiological role in yersiniosis and gastroenteritis. This study was designed to assess anti-bacterial and anti-biofilm effects of equol on Y. enterocolitica via phenotypic and genetic analyses. To determine its anti-bacterial activity, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of equol against clinically isolated Y. enterocolitica strains were analyzed. Subsequently, it was confirmed that the sub-MIC90 value of equol could inhibit biofilm formation and reduce preformed biofilm. Furthermore, it was found that equol could reduce the expression of biofilm-related (hmsT) gene in Y. enterocolitica. This study also demonstrated that equol not only reduced levels of bacterial motility, but also decreased the expression of a motility-related (flhDC) gene in Y. enterocolitica. XTT [2,3-bis (2-metoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide] reduction analysis revealed that equol attenuated cellular metabolic activities in Y. enterocolitica biofilm. Additionally, changes in biomass and cell density in equol-treated biofilms were visualized using a confocal laser scanning microscope. In conclusion, this study suggests that equol is a potential anti-bacterial and anti-biofilm agent to treat Y. enterocolitica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Rim Kim
- Department of Medical Sciences, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, Chungcheongnam-do 31538 Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Suk Han
- Present Address: Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, 22 Soonchunhyang-ro, Sinchang-myeon, Asan-si, Chungcheongnam-do 31538 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Bin Eom
- Department of Medical Sciences, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, Chungcheongnam-do 31538 Republic of Korea
- Present Address: Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, 22 Soonchunhyang-ro, Sinchang-myeon, Asan-si, Chungcheongnam-do 31538 Republic of Korea
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High-throughput suppressor screen demonstrates that RcsF monitors outer membrane integrity and not Bam complex function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2100369118. [PMID: 34349021 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2100369118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulator of capsule synthesis (Rcs) is a complex signaling cascade that monitors gram-negative cell envelope integrity. The outer membrane (OM) lipoprotein RcsF is the sensory component, but how RcsF functions remains elusive. RcsF interacts with the β-barrel assembly machinery (Bam) complex, which assembles RcsF in complex with OM proteins (OMPs), resulting in RcsF's partial cell surface exposure. Elucidating whether RcsF/Bam or RcsF/OMP interactions are important for its sensing function is challenging because the Bam complex is essential, and partial loss-of-function mutations broadly compromise the OM biogenesis. Our recent discovery that, in the absence of nonessential component BamE, RcsF inhibits function of the central component BamA provided a genetic tool to select mutations that specifically prevent RcsF/BamA interactions. We employed a high-throughput suppressor screen to isolate a collection of such rcsF and bamA mutants and characterized their impact on RcsF/OMP assembly and Rcs signaling. Using these mutants and BamA inhibitors MRL-494L and darobactin, we provide multiple lines of evidence against the model in which RcsF senses Bam complex function. We show that Rcs activation in bam mutants results from secondary OM and lipopolysaccharide defects and that RcsF/OMP assembly is required for this activation, supporting an active role of RcsF/OMP complexes in sensing OM stress.
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Saha S, Lach SR, Konovalova A. Homeostasis of the Gram-negative cell envelope. Curr Opin Microbiol 2021; 61:99-106. [PMID: 33901778 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The Gram-negative bacterial cell envelope is a complex structure and its homeostasis is essential for bacterial survival. Envelope stress responses (ESRs) are signal transduction pathways that monitor the fidelity of envelope assembly during normal growth and also detect and repair envelope damage caused by external assaults, including immune factors, protein toxins, and antibiotics. In this review, we focus on three best-studied ESRs and discuss the mechanisms by which ESRs detect various perturbations of envelope assembly and integrity and regulate envelope remodeling to promote bacterial survival. We will highlight the complex relationship of ESRs with envelope biogenesis pathways and discuss some of the challenges in this field on the road to mapping the global regulatory network of envelope homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Saha
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sarah R Lach
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 6767 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Anna Konovalova
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Meng J, Young G, Chen J. The Rcs System in Enterobacteriaceae: Envelope Stress Responses and Virulence Regulation. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:627104. [PMID: 33658986 PMCID: PMC7917084 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.627104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial cell envelope is a protective barrier at the frontline of bacterial interaction with the environment, and its integrity is regulated by various stress response systems. The Rcs (regulator of capsule synthesis) system, a non-orthodox two-component regulatory system (TCS) found in many members of the Enterobacteriaceae family, is one of the envelope stress response pathways. The Rcs system can sense envelope damage or defects and regulate the transcriptome to counteract stress, which is particularly important for the survival and virulence of pathogenic bacteria. In this review, we summarize the roles of the Rcs system in envelope stress responses (ESRs) and virulence regulation. We discuss the environmental and intrinsic sources of envelope stress that cause activation of the Rcs system with an emphasis on the role of RcsF in detection of envelope stress and signal transduction. Finally, the different regulation mechanisms governing the Rcs system's control of virulence in several common pathogens are introduced. This review highlights the important role of the Rcs system in the environmental adaptation of bacteria and provides a theoretical basis for the development of new strategies for control, prevention, and treatment of bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Meng
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Glenn Young
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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