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Bi T, Feng R, Ren W, Hang T, Zhao T, Zhan L. ZiBu PiYin Recipe Regulates Central and Peripheral Aβ Metabolism and Improves Diabetes-associated Cognitive Decline in ZDF Rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 337:118808. [PMID: 39299360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cognitive impairment caused by central neuropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), namely diabetes-associated cognitive decline (DACD), is one of the common complications in patients with T2DM. Studies have shown that brain β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition is a typical pathological change in patients with DACD, and that there is a close relationship between intestinal microorganisms and cognitive impairment. However, the specific mechanism(s) of alteration in Aβ metabolism in DACD, and of the correlation between Aβ metabolism and intestinal microorganisms remain unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY Revealing the mechanism of ZBPYR regulating Aβ metabolism and providing theoretical basis for clinical evaluation and diagnosis of DACD. MATERIALS AND METHODS We characterized Aβ metabolism in the central and peripheral tissues of Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats with DACD, and then explored the preventive and therapeutic effects of ZiBu PiYin Recipe (ZBPYR). Specifically, we assessed these animals for the formation, transport, and clearance of Aβ; the morphological structure of the blood-brain barrier (BBB); and the potential correlation between Aβ metabolism and intestinal microorganisms. RESULTS ZBPYR provided improvements in the structure of the BBB, attenuation of Aβ deposition in the central and peripheral tissues, and a delay in the development of DACD by improving the expression of Aβ production, transport, and clearance related protein in ZDF rats. In addition, ZBPYR improved the diversity and composition of intestinal microorganisms, decreased the abundance of Coprococcus, a bacterium closely related to Aβ production, and up regulate the abundance of Streptococcus, a bacterium closely related to Aβ clearance. CONCLUSION The mechanism of ZBPYR ability to ameliorate DACD may be closely related to changes in the intestinal microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Bi
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Ruiqi Feng
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Weiming Ren
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Tianyi Hang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Tian Zhao
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Libin Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for TCM Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province for TCM Spleen-Viscera-State Modern Research, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China.
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Kamalaldinezabadi SS, Watzlawik JO, Rosenberry TL, Paravastu AK, Stagg SM. Aggregation Dynamics of a 150 kDa Aβ42 Oligomer: Insights from Cryo Electron Microscopy and Multimodal Analysis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.30.605873. [PMID: 39131288 PMCID: PMC11312520 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.30.605873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Protein misfolding is a widespread phenomenon that can result in the formation of protein aggregates, which are markers of various disease states, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). In AD, amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides, particularly Aβ40 and Aβ42, are key players in the disease's progression, as they aggregate to form amyloid plaques and contribute to neuronal toxicity. Recent research has shifted attention from solely Aβ fibrils to also include Aβ protofibrils and oligomers as potentially critical pathogenic agents. Particularly, oligomers demonstrate greater toxicity compared to other Aβ specie. Hence, there is an increased interest in studying the correlation between toxicity and their structure and aggregation pathway. The present study investigates the aggregation of a 150 kDa Aβ42 oligomer that does not lead to fibril formation over time. Using negative stain transmission electron microscopy (TEM), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), we demonstrate that 150 kDa Aβ42 oligomers form higher-order string-like assemblies over time. The strings are unique from the classical Aβ fibril structures. The significance of our work lies in elucidating molecular behavior of a novel non-fibrillar form of Aβ42 aggregate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jens O. Watzlawik
- The Departments on Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Terrone L. Rosenberry
- The Departments on Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Anant K. Paravastu
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Scott M. Stagg
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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Muhammedkutty FNK, Prasad R, Gao Y, Sudarshan TR, Robang AS, Watzlawik JO, Rosenberry TL, Paravastu AK, Zhou HX. A common pathway for detergent-assisted oligomerization of Aβ42. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1184. [PMID: 37989804 PMCID: PMC10663524 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05556-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregation is a slow process without seeding or assisted nucleation. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles stabilize Aβ42 small oligomers (in the dimer to tetramer range); subsequent SDS removal leads to a 150-kD Aβ42 oligomer. Dodecylphosphorylcholine (DPC) micelles also stabilize an Aβ42 tetramer. Here we investigate the detergent-assisted oligomerization pathway by solid-state NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations. SDS- and DPC-induced oligomers have the same structure, implying a common oligomerization pathway. An antiparallel β-sheet formed by the C-terminal region, the only stable structure in SDS and DPC micelles, is directly incorporated into the 150-kD oligomer. Three Gly residues (at positions 33, 37, and 38) create holes that are filled by the SDS and DPC hydrocarbon tails, thereby turning a potentially destabilizing feature into a stabilizing factor. These observations have implications for endogenous Aβ aggregation at cellular interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramesh Prasad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Tarunya Rao Sudarshan
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Alicia S Robang
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Jens O Watzlawik
- Departments of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Terrone L Rosenberry
- Departments of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Anant K Paravastu
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
| | - Huan-Xiang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
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Gholami A. Alzheimer's disease: The role of proteins in formation, mechanisms, and new therapeutic approaches. Neurosci Lett 2023; 817:137532. [PMID: 37866702 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurological disorder that affects the central nervous system (CNS), leading to memory and cognitive decline. In AD, the brain experiences three main structural changes: a significant decrease in the quantity of neurons, the development of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) composed of hyperphosphorylated tau protein, and the formation of amyloid beta (Aβ) or senile plaques, which are protein deposits found outside cells and surrounded by dystrophic neurites. Genetic studies have identified four genes associated with autosomal dominant or familial early-onset AD (FAD): amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin 1 (PS1), presenilin 2 (PS2), and apolipoprotein E (ApoE). The formation of plaques primarily involves the accumulation of Aβ, which can be influenced by mutations in APP, PS1, PS2, or ApoE genes. Mutations in the APP and presenilin (PS) proteins can cause an increased amyloid β peptides production, especially the further form of amyloidogenic known as Aβ42. Apart from genetic factors, environmental factors such as cytokines and neurotoxins may also have a significant impact on the development and progression of AD by influencing the formation of amyloid plaques and intracellular tangles. Exploring the causes and implications of protein aggregation in the brain could lead to innovative therapeutic approaches. Some promising therapy strategies that have reached the clinical stage include using acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, estrogen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), antioxidants, and antiapoptotic agents. The most hopeful therapeutic strategies involve inhibiting activity of secretase and preventing the β-amyloid oligomers and fibrils formation, which are associated with the β-amyloid fibrils accumulation in AD. Additionally, immunotherapy development holds promise as a progressive therapeutic approach for treatment of AD. Recently, the two primary categories of brain stimulation techniques that have been studied for the treatment of AD are invasive brain stimulation (IBS) and non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS). In this article, the amyloid proteins that play a significant role in the AD formation, the mechanism of disease formation as well as new drugs utilized to treat of AD will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirreza Gholami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
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Zambrano P, Jemiola-Rzeminska M, Muñoz-Torrero D, Suwalsky M, Strzalka K. A rhein-huprine hybrid protects erythrocyte membrane integrity against Alzheimer's disease related Aβ(1-42) peptide. Biophys Chem 2023; 300:107061. [PMID: 37307659 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2023.107061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease remains largely unknown, and currently there is no complete cure for the disease. New synthetic approaches have been developed to create multi-target agents, such as RHE-HUP, a rhein-huprine hybrid which can modulate several biological targets that are relevant to the development of the disease. While RHE-HUP has shown in vitro and in vivo beneficial effects, the molecular mechanisms by which it exerts its protective effect on cell membranes have not been fully clarified. To better understand RHE-HUP interactions with cell membranes, we used synthetic membrane models and natural models of human membranes. For this purpose, human erythrocytes and molecular model of its membrane built-up of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and dimyristoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DMPE) were used. The latter correspond to classes of phospholipids present in the outer and inner monolayers of the human erythrocyte membrane, respectively. X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results indicated that RHE-HUP was able to interact mainly with DMPC. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that RHE-HUP modified the normal biconcave shape of erythrocytes inducing the formation of echinocytes. Moreover, the protective effect of RHE-HUP against the disruptive effect of Aβ(1-42) on the studied membrane models was tested. X-ray diffraction experiments showed that RHE-HUP induced a recovery in the ordering of DMPC multilayers after the disruptive effect of Aβ(1-42), confirming the protective role of the hybrid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Zambrano
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
| | - Malgorzata Jemiola-Rzeminska
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland; Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Diego Muñoz-Torrero
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (CSIC Associated Unit), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mario Suwalsky
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Kazimierz Strzalka
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland; Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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Jin S, Guan X, Min D. Evidence of Clinical Efficacy and Pharmacological Mechanisms of Resveratrol in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2023; 20:588-602. [PMID: 38047366 PMCID: PMC10825797 DOI: 10.2174/0115672050272577231120060909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the efficacy and pharmacological mechanisms of resveratrol in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. METHODS We conducted a thorough exploration of existing randomized controlled trials concerning the treatment of Alzheimer's disease patients using resveratrol, utilizing accessible open databases. Quantitative variables were represented as a standardized mean difference (SMD), accompanied by a 95% confidence interval (CI). Additionally, we examined the potential targets and plausible pathways associated with the impact of resveratrol on Alzheimer's disease using network pharmacology techniques. RESULTS Our meta-analysis comprised five trials involving 271 AD patients, of whom 139 received resveratrol treatment and 132 received placebo treatment. Compared with placebo therapy, resveratrol treatment resulted in a significant improvement in Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study- Activities of Daily Living (ADAS-ADL) scores (SMD=0.51; 95% CI, 0.24 to 0.78) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ40 (SMD=0.84; 95% CI, 0.21 to 1.47) and plasma Aβ40 levels (SMD=0.43; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.79). However, the improvement in the resveratrol-treated group compared with the placebo treatment group on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score, CSF Aβ42 and plasma Aβ42 levels, and brain volume was not significant. There were no noteworthy statistical variances in the occurrence of adverse effects noted between the two groups. The outcomes of network pharmacology divulged that the principal enriched interaction pathway between resveratrol and Alzheimer's disease is primarily concentrated within the PI3K signaling pathways. Resveratrol's potential key targets for the treatment of AD include MAKP1, HRAS, EGFR, and MAPK2K1. CONCLUSION While having a high safety profile, resveratrol has efficacy in AD patients to a certain extent, and more data are required to validate the efficacy of resveratrol for the treatment of AD in the future. Suppression of the PI3K signaling pathways could hold significant importance in the treatment of AD patients using resveratrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sian Jin
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110000, China
| | - Xuefeng Guan
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110000, China
| | - Dongyu Min
- Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110000, China
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