1
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Singh A, Tanwar M, Singh TP, Sharma S, Sharma P. An escape from ESKAPE pathogens: A comprehensive review on current and emerging therapeutics against antibiotic resistance. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 279:135253. [PMID: 39244118 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
The rise of antimicrobial resistance has positioned ESKAPE pathogens as a serious global health threat, primarily due to the limitations and frequent failures of current treatment options. This growing risk has spurred the scientific community to seek innovative antibiotic therapies and improved oversight strategies. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the origins and resistance mechanisms of ESKAPE pathogens, while also exploring next-generation treatment strategies for these infections. In addition, it will address both traditional and novel approaches to combating antibiotic resistance, offering insights into potential new therapeutic avenues. Emerging research underscores the urgency of developing new antimicrobial agents and strategies to overcome resistance, highlighting the need for novel drug classes and combination therapies. Advances in genomic technologies and a deeper understanding of microbial pathogenesis are crucial in identifying effective treatments. Integrating precision medicine and personalized approaches could enhance therapeutic efficacy. The review also emphasizes the importance of global collaboration in surveillance and stewardship, as well as policy reforms, enhanced diagnostic tools, and public awareness initiatives, to address resistance on a worldwide scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Singh
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Mansi Tanwar
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - T P Singh
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Sujata Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
| | - Pradeep Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
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2
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Efimov A, Mordon S. Photoantimicrobial and Photoantiviral Textiles: Underestimated Potential. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:1164. [PMID: 39338328 DOI: 10.3390/ph17091164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
In this review, we summarize the present state of a rapidly developing field of light-activated antimicrobial textiles and their underestimated potential and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Efimov
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, 33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Serge Mordon
- Hemerion Therapeutics, 59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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3
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Dube E. Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy: Self-Disinfecting Surfaces for Controlling Microbial Infections. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1573. [PMID: 39203415 PMCID: PMC11356738 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12081573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbial infections caused by bacteria, viruses, and fungi pose significant global health threats in diverse environments. While conventional disinfection methods are effective, their reliance on frequent chemical applications raises concerns about resistance and environmental impact. Photodynamic self-disinfecting surfaces have emerged as a promising alternative. These surfaces incorporate photosensitizers that, when exposed to light, produce reactive oxygen species to target and eliminate microbial pathogens. This review explores the concept and mechanism of photodynamic self-disinfecting surfaces, highlighting the variety and characteristics of photosensitizers integrated into surfaces and the range of light sources used across different applications. It also highlights the effectiveness of these surfaces against a broad spectrum of pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, while also discussing their potential for providing continuous antimicrobial protection without frequent reapplication. Additionally, the review addresses both the advantages and limitations associated with photodynamic self-disinfecting surfaces and concludes with future perspectives on advancing this technology to meet ongoing challenges in infection control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Dube
- Department of Biological & Environmental Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, P/B X1, Mthatha 5117, South Africa
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4
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Savelyeva IO, Zhdanova KA, Gradova MA, Gradov OV, Bragina NA. Cationic Porphyrins as Antimicrobial and Antiviral Agents in Photodynamic Therapy. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:9793-9822. [PMID: 38132458 PMCID: PMC10741785 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45120612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) has received a great deal of attention due to its unique ability to kill all currently known classes of microorganisms. To date, infectious diseases caused by bacteria and viruses are one of the main sources of high mortality, mass epidemics and global pandemics among humans. Every year, the emergence of three to four previously unknown species of viruses dangerous to humans is recorded, totaling more than 2/3 of all newly discovered human pathogens. The emergence of bacteria with multidrug resistance leads to the rapid obsolescence of antibiotics and the need to create new types of antibiotics. From this point of view, photodynamic inactivation of viruses and bacteria is of particular interest. This review summarizes the most relevant mechanisms of antiviral and antibacterial action of APDT, molecular targets and correlation between the structure of cationic porphyrins and their photodynamic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga O. Savelyeva
- Institute of Fine Chemical Technology, MIREA—Russian Technological University, Vernadsky Prospect 86, Moscow 119571, Russia; (I.O.S.); (K.A.Z.); (N.A.B.)
| | - Kseniya A. Zhdanova
- Institute of Fine Chemical Technology, MIREA—Russian Technological University, Vernadsky Prospect 86, Moscow 119571, Russia; (I.O.S.); (K.A.Z.); (N.A.B.)
| | - Margarita A. Gradova
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygin Street 4, Moscow 119991, Russia;
| | - Oleg V. Gradov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygin Street 4, Moscow 119991, Russia;
| | - Natal’ya A. Bragina
- Institute of Fine Chemical Technology, MIREA—Russian Technological University, Vernadsky Prospect 86, Moscow 119571, Russia; (I.O.S.); (K.A.Z.); (N.A.B.)
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5
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Bustamante V, Palavecino CE. Effect of photodynamic therapy on multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: A scoping review. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 43:103709. [PMID: 37459942 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative, non-fermenting coccobacillus of the Moraxellaceae family. It is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for several hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) associated with skin and tissue infections at surgical sites, catheter-associated urinary tract infections, and central line catheters. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) A. baumannii has caused hospital outbreaks that are difficult to eradicate and represent one of the leading producers of HAIs. MDR-A. baumannii presents a broad range of resistance to different antimicrobials, including carbapenems. Due to the low sensitivity to conventional antibiotic therapies, it is necessary to identify other therapeutic options. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is a promising alternative and complementary approach to address the shortage of antimicrobials in MDR-A. baumannii. APDT combines a photosensitizer agent, light, and oxygen to achieve a bactericidal/bacteriostatic effect. The effect is given by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) that produce photooxidative stress over bacterial structures, such as the envelope and the DNA. METHODS This study aims to systematically collect bibliographic information from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and google scholar to analyze the relevant articles critically. RESULTS An increasing body of evidence demonstrates the efficacy of photodynamic inactivation in eliminating A. baumannii strains, both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS The evidence supports that photodynamic inactivation is an alternative capable of eliminating strains of Acinetobacter baumannii and may considerably improve the treatment of MDR strains. Although they do exist, aPDT studies on MDR strains of A. baumannii are scarce and should increase since it is on these strains that photodynamic therapy becomes attractive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Bustamante
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Celular, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Lord Cochrane 418, 8330546 Santiago. Chile
| | - Christian Erick Palavecino
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Celular, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Lord Cochrane 418, 8330546 Santiago. Chile.
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6
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Color-variable dual-dyed photodynamic antimicrobial polyethylene terephthalate (PET)/cotton blended fabrics. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023:10.1007/s43630-023-00398-1. [PMID: 36894800 PMCID: PMC9998264 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00398-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
The urgent demand for scalable, potent, color variable, and comfortable antimicrobial textiles as personal protection equipment (PPE) to help reduce infection transmission in hospitals and healthcare facilities has significantly increased since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we explored photodynamic antimicrobial polyethylene terephthalate/cotton (TC) blended fabrics comprised of photosensitizer-conjugated cotton fibers and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers dyed with disperse dyes. A small library of TC blended fabrics was constructed wherein the PET fibers were embedded with traditional disperse dyes dominating the fabric color, thereby enabling variable color expression, while the cotton fibers were covalently coupled with the photosensitizer thionine acetate as the microbicidal agent. Physical (SEM, CLSM, TGA, XPS and mechanical strength) and colorimetric (K/S and CIELab values) characterization methods were employed to investigate the resultant fabrics, and photooxidation studies with DPBF demonstrated the ability of these materials to generate reactive oxygen species (i.e., singlet oxygen) upon visible light illumination. The best results demonstrated a photodynamic inactivation of 99.985% (~ 3.82 log unit reduction, P = 0.0021) against Gram-positive S. aureus, and detection limit inactivation (99.99%, 4 log unit reduction, P ≤ 0.0001) against Gram-negative E. coli upon illumination with visible light (60 min; ~ 300 mW/cm2; λ ≥ 420 nm). Enveloped human coronavirus 229E showed a photodynamic susceptibility of ~ 99.99% inactivation after 60 min illumination (400-700 nm, 65 ± 5 mW/cm2). The presence of the disperse dyes on the fabrics showed no significant effects on the aPDI results, and furthermore, appeared to provide the photosensitizer with some measure of protection from photobleaching, thus improving the photostability of the dual-dyed fabrics. Taken together, these results suggest the feasibility of low cost, scalable and color variable thionine-conjugated TC blended fabrics as potent self-disinfecting textiles.
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7
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Monteiro CJP, Neves MGPMS, Nativi C, Almeida A, Faustino MAF. Porphyrin Photosensitizers Grafted in Cellulose Supports: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3475. [PMID: 36834886 PMCID: PMC9967812 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellulose is the most abundant natural biopolymer and owing to its compatibility with biological tissues, it is considered a versatile starting material for developing new and sustainable materials from renewable resources. With the advent of drug-resistance among pathogenic microorganisms, recent strategies have focused on the development of novel treatment options and alternative antimicrobial therapies, such as antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). This approach encompasses the combination of photoactive dyes and harmless visible light, in the presence of dioxygen, to produce reactive oxygen species that can selectively kill microorganisms. Photosensitizers for aPDT can be adsorbed, entrapped, or linked to cellulose-like supports, providing an increase in the surface area, with improved mechanical strength, barrier, and antimicrobial properties, paving the way to new applications, such as wound disinfection, sterilization of medical materials and surfaces in different contexts (industrial, household and hospital), or prevention of microbial contamination in packaged food. This review will report the development of porphyrinic photosensitizers supported on cellulose/cellulose derivative materials to achieve effective photoinactivation. A brief overview of the efficiency of cellulose based photoactive dyes for cancer, using photodynamic therapy (PDT), will be also discussed. Particular attention will be devoted to the synthetic routes behind the preparation of the photosensitizer-cellulose functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos J. P. Monteiro
- LAQV-Requimte and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3010-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Cristina Nativi
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Adelaide Almeida
- CESAM and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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8
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Galstyan A, Majiya H, Dobrindt U. Regulation of photo triggered cytotoxicity in electrospun nanomaterials: role of photosensitizer binding mode and polymer identity. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 4:200-210. [PMID: 36132947 PMCID: PMC9418932 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00717c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Although electrospun nanomaterials containing photoactive dyes currently compete with the present state of art antimicrobial materials, relatively few structure-activity relationships have been established to identify the role of carrier polymer and photosensitizer binding mode on the performance of the materials. In this study scaffolds composed of poly(vinyl alcohol), polyacrylonitrile, poly(caprolactone), and tailor-made phthalocyanine-based photosensitizers are developed utilizing electrospinning as a simple, time and cost-effective method. The photoinduced activity of nanofibrous materials was characterized in vitro against E. coli and B. subtilis as models for Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria respectively, as well as against bacteriophages phi6 and MS2 as models for enveloped and non-enveloped viruses respectively. For the first time, we show how polymer-specific properties affect antifouling and antimicrobial activity of the nanofibrous material, indicating that the most promising way to increase efficiency is likely via methods that focus on increasing the number of short, but strong and reversible bacteria-surface interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anzhela Galstyan
- Center for Soft Nanoscience Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Busso-Peus-Strasse 10 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Hussaini Majiya
- Department of Microbiology, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University KM3 Lapai-Minna Road, P.M.B 11 Lapai Nigeria
| | - Urlich Dobrindt
- Institut of Hygiene, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Mendelstrasse 7 48149 Münster Germany
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9
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Li R, Zhang M, Wu Y, Tang P, Sun G, Wang L, Mandal S, Wang L, Lang J, Passalacqua A, Subramaniam S, Song G. What We Are Learning from COVID-19 for Respiratory Protection: Contemporary and Emerging Issues. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:4165. [PMID: 34883668 PMCID: PMC8659889 DOI: 10.3390/polym13234165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious respiratory diseases such as the current COVID-19 have caused public health crises and interfered with social activity. Given the complexity of these novel infectious diseases, their dynamic nature, along with rapid changes in social and occupational environments, technology, and means of interpersonal interaction, respiratory protective devices (RPDs) play a crucial role in controlling infection, particularly for viruses like SARS-CoV-2 that have a high transmission rate, strong viability, multiple infection routes and mechanisms, and emerging new variants that could reduce the efficacy of existing vaccines. Evidence of asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic transmissions further highlights the importance of a universal adoption of RPDs. RPDs have substantially improved over the past 100 years due to advances in technology, materials, and medical knowledge. However, several issues still need to be addressed such as engineering performance, comfort, testing standards, compliance monitoring, and regulations, especially considering the recent emergence of pathogens with novel transmission characteristics. In this review, we summarize existing knowledge and understanding on respiratory infectious diseases and their protection, discuss the emerging issues that influence the resulting protective and comfort performance of the RPDs, and provide insights in the identified knowledge gaps and future directions with diverse perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Department of Apparel, Events, and Hospitality Management, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA; (R.L.); (M.Z.); (Y.W.); (L.W.)
| | - Mengying Zhang
- Department of Apparel, Events, and Hospitality Management, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA; (R.L.); (M.Z.); (Y.W.); (L.W.)
| | - Yulin Wu
- Department of Apparel, Events, and Hospitality Management, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA; (R.L.); (M.Z.); (Y.W.); (L.W.)
| | - Peixin Tang
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (P.T.); (G.S.)
| | - Gang Sun
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (P.T.); (G.S.)
| | - Liwen Wang
- Department of Apparel, Events, and Hospitality Management, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA; (R.L.); (M.Z.); (Y.W.); (L.W.)
| | - Sumit Mandal
- Department of Design, Housing and Merchandising, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA;
| | - Lizhi Wang
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA;
| | - James Lang
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA;
| | - Alberto Passalacqua
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA; (A.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Shankar Subramaniam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA; (A.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Guowen Song
- Department of Apparel, Events, and Hospitality Management, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA; (R.L.); (M.Z.); (Y.W.); (L.W.)
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10
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Wang N, Ferhan AR, Yoon BK, Jackman JA, Cho NJ, Majima T. Chemical design principles of next-generation antiviral surface coatings. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:9741-9765. [PMID: 34259262 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00317h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has accelerated efforts to develop high-performance antiviral surface coatings while highlighting the need to build a strong mechanistic understanding of the chemical design principles that underpin antiviral surface coatings. Herein, we critically summarize the latest efforts to develop antiviral surface coatings that exhibit virus-inactivating functions through disrupting lipid envelopes or protein capsids. Particular attention is focused on how cutting-edge advances in material science are being applied to engineer antiviral surface coatings with tailored molecular-level properties to inhibit membrane-enveloped and non-enveloped viruses. Key topics covered include surfaces functionalized with organic and inorganic compounds and nanoparticles to inhibit viruses, and self-cleaning surfaces that incorporate photocatalysts and triplet photosensitizers. Application examples to stop COVID-19 are also introduced and demonstrate how the integration of chemical design principles and advanced material fabrication strategies are leading to next-generation surface coatings that can help thwart viral pandemics and other infectious disease threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
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11
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Ghareeb CR, Peddinti BST, Kisthardt SC, Scholle F, Spontak RJ, Ghiladi RA. Toward Universal Photodynamic Coatings for Infection Control. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:657837. [PMID: 34395464 PMCID: PMC8355428 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.657837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The dual threats posed by the COVID-19 pandemic and hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) have emphasized the urgent need for self-disinfecting materials for infection control. Despite their highly potent antimicrobial activity, the adoption of photoactive materials to reduce infection transmission in hospitals and related healthcare facilities has been severely hampered by the lack of scalable and cost-effective manufacturing, in which case high-volume production methods for fabricating aPDI-based materials are needed. To address this issue here, we examined the antimicrobial efficacy of a simple bicomponent spray coating composed of the commercially-available UV-photocrosslinkable polymer N-methyl-4(4'-formyl-styryl)pyridinium methosulfate acetal poly(vinyl alcohol) (SbQ-PVA) and one of three aPDI photosensitizers (PSs): zinc-tetra(4-N-methylpyridyl)porphine (ZnTMPyP4+), methylene blue (MB), and Rose Bengal (RB). We applied these photodynamic coatings, collectively termed SbQ-PVA/PS, to a variety of commercially available materials. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) confirmed the successful application of the coatings, while inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) revealed a photosensitizer loading of 0.09-0.78 nmol PS/mg material. The antimicrobial efficacy of the coated materials was evaluated against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus ATCC-29213 and human coronavirus strain HCoV-229E. Upon illumination with visible light (60 min, 400-700 nm, 65 ± 5 mW/cm2), the coated materials inactivated S. aureus by 97-99.999% and HCoV-229E by 92-99.999%, depending on the material and PS employed. Photobleaching studies employing HCoV-229E demonstrated detection limit inactivation (99.999%) even after exposure for 4 weeks to indoor ambient room lighting. Taken together, these results demonstrate the potential for photodynamic SbQ-PVA/PS coatings to be universally applied to a wide range of materials for effectively reducing pathogen transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Roland Ghareeb
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Bharadwaja S T Peddinti
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Samantha C Kisthardt
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Frank Scholle
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.,Center for Advanced Virus Experimentation, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Richard J Spontak
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.,Center for Advanced Virus Experimentation, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Reza A Ghiladi
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.,Center for Advanced Virus Experimentation, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
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12
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Fabrication of Photoactive Electrospun Cellulose Acetate Nanofibers for Antibacterial Applications. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14092598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the process of electrostatic fabrication of cellulose acetate (CA) nanofibers containing methylene blue (MB) as a photosensitizer. The electrical, physicochemical, and biocidal properties of the prepared material were given. CA nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning method using a solvent mixture of acetone and distilled water (9:1 vv−1) and different concentrations of CA (i.e., 10–21%). Additionally, methylene blue was implemented into the polymer solution with a CA concentration of 17% to obtain fibers with photo-bactericidal properties. Pure electrospun CA fibers were more uniform than fibers with MB (i.e., ribbon shape). Fiber diameters did not exceed 900 nm for the tested polymer solutions and flow rate below 1.0 mL h−1. The polymer properties (i.e., concentration, resistivity) and other parameters of the process (i.e., flow rate, an applied voltage) strongly influenced the size of the fibers. Plasma treatment of nanofibers resulted in reduced biofilm formation on their surface. The results of photo-bactericidal activity (i.e., up to 180 min) confirmed the high efficiency of inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus cells using fibers containing methylene blue (i.e., with and without plasma treatment). The most effective reduction in the number of biofilm cells was equal to 99.99 ± 0.3%.
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Ma Y, Wisuthiphaet N, Bolt H, Nitin N, Zhao Q, Wang D, Pourdeyhimi B, Grondin P, Sun G. N-Halamine Polypropylene Nonwoven Fabrics with Rechargeable Antibacterial and Antiviral Functions for Medical Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:2329-2336. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ma
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Nicharee Wisuthiphaet
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Hunter Bolt
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Nitin Nitin
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Qinghua Zhao
- Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Behnam Pourdeyhimi
- The Nonwoven Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Pierre Grondin
- The Nonwoven Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Gang Sun
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, California 95616, United States
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14
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Peddinti BST, Morales-Gagnon N, Pourdeyhimi B, Scholle F, Spontak RJ, Ghiladi RA. Photodynamic Coatings on Polymer Microfibers for Pathogen Inactivation: Effects of Application Method and Composition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:155-163. [PMID: 33356100 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c16953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A substantial increase in the risk of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) has greatly impacted the global healthcare industry. Harmful pathogens adhere to a variety of surfaces and infect personnel on contact, thereby promoting transmission to new hosts. This is particularly worrisome in the case of antibiotic-resistant pathogens, which constitute a growing threat to human health worldwide and require new preventative routes of disinfection. In this study, we have incorporated different loading levels of a porphyrin photosensitizer capable of generating reactive singlet oxygen in the presence of O2 and visible light in a water-soluble, photo-cross-linkable polymer coating, which was subsequently deposited on polymer microfibers. Two different application methods are considered, and the morphological and chemical characteristics of these coated fibers are analyzed to detect the presence of the coating and photosensitizer. To discern the efficacy of the fibers against pathogenic bacteria, photodynamic inactivation has been performed on two different bacterial strains, Staphylococcus aureus and antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli, with population reductions of >99.9999 and 99.6%, respectively, after exposure to visible light for 1 h. In response to the current COVID-19 pandemic, we also confirm that these coated fibers can inactivate a human common cold coronavirus serving as a surrogate for the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
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15
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Wang T, Ke H, Chen S, Wang J, Yang W, Cao X, Liu J, Wei Q, Ghiladi RA, Wang Q. Porous protoporphyrin IX-embedded cellulose diacetate electrospun microfibers in antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 118:111502. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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16
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Imani SM, Ladouceur L, Marshall T, Maclachlan R, Soleymani L, Didar TF. Antimicrobial Nanomaterials and Coatings: Current Mechanisms and Future Perspectives to Control the Spread of Viruses Including SARS-CoV-2. ACS NANO 2020; 14:12341-12369. [PMID: 33034443 PMCID: PMC7553040 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c05937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The global COVID-19 pandemic has attracted considerable attention toward innovative methods and technologies for suppressing the spread of viruses. Transmission via contaminated surfaces has been recognized as an important route for spreading SARS-CoV-2. Although significant efforts have been made to develop antibacterial surface coatings, the literature remains scarce for a systematic study on broad-range antiviral coatings. Here, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the antiviral materials and coatings that could be implemented for suppressing the spread of SARS-CoV-2 via contaminated surfaces. We discuss the mechanism of operation and effectivity of several types of inorganic and organic materials, in the bulk and nanomaterial form, and assess the possibility of implementing these as antiviral coatings. Toxicity and environmental concerns are also discussed for the presented approaches. Finally, we present future perspectives with regards to emerging antimicrobial technologies such as omniphobic surfaces and assess their potential in suppressing surface-mediated virus transfer. Although some of these emerging technologies have not yet been tested directly as antiviral coatings, they hold great potential for designing the next generation of antiviral surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M. Imani
- School of Biomedical Engineering,
McMaster University, 1280 Main Street
West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Liane Ladouceur
- School of Biomedical Engineering,
McMaster University, 1280 Main Street
West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Terrel Marshall
- Department of Engineering Physics,
McMaster University, 1280 Main Street
West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Roderick Maclachlan
- Department of Engineering Physics,
McMaster University, 1280 Main Street
West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Leyla Soleymani
- School of Biomedical Engineering,
McMaster University, 1280 Main Street
West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada
- Department of Engineering Physics,
McMaster University, 1280 Main Street
West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Tohid F. Didar
- School of Biomedical Engineering,
McMaster University, 1280 Main Street
West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering,
McMaster University, 1280 Main Street
West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute of
Infectious Disease Research, McMaster
University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5,
Canada
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17
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Khorsandi K, Fekrazad S, Vahdatinia F, Farmany A, Fekrazad R. Nano Antiviral Photodynamic Therapy: a Probable Biophysicochemical Management Modality in SARS-CoV-2. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 18:265-272. [PMID: 33019838 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1829591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION COVID-19 disease has shocked the world by its spread and contagiousness. At this time, there is no valid vaccine and no proven drug treatment for COVID-19 patients. Current treatments are focused on Oxygenation, Cytokine Storm management, anti-inflammatory effects, and antiviral therapy. Antiviral photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is based on the reaction between a photo-sensitive agent and a light source in the presence of oxygen which can produce oxidative and free radical agents to damage the virus' structures. Recent studies show that nanotechnology can improve aPDT's outcome. The aim of this study was to find out the potential therapeutic effects of Nano antiviral photodynamic therapy on COVID-19. AREAS COVERED This review evaluates Nano Antiviral Photodynamic Therapy: A Probable Biophysicochemical Management Modality in SARS-CoV-2. Data were extracted from published different studies published on PUBMED, SCOPUS, and Web of Science. EXPERT OPINION Studies indicating that aPDT and Nano-based aPDT can be useful in viral pulmonary complications like Influenza, SARS-CoV, and MERS, but there was no direct study on SARS-Cov-2. Recent studies showed that Nano-based aPDT could relate to control of the stages of viral infections. Altogether, further investigations for the application of nanomedicine in antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation are needed for COVID-19 Management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khatereh Khorsandi
- Department of Photodynamic, Medical Laser Research Center, YARA Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepehr Fekrazad
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshid Vahdatinia
- Dental Research Center, Dental School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Abbas Farmany
- Dental Research Center, Dental School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Radiation Sciences Research Center, Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Wang T, Chen W, Dong T, Lv Z, Zheng S, Cao X, Wei Q, Ghiladi RA, Wang Q. Color-Variable Photodynamic Antimicrobial Wool/Acrylic Blended Fabrics. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E4141. [PMID: 32957677 PMCID: PMC7560281 DOI: 10.3390/ma13184141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Towards the goal of developing scalable, economical and effective antimicrobial textiles to reduce infection transmission, here we prepared color-variable photodynamic materials comprised of photosensitizer (PS)-loaded wool/acrylic (W/A) blends. Wool fibers in the W/A blended fabrics were loaded with the photosensitizer rose bengal (RB), and the acrylic fibers were dyed with a variety of traditional cationic dyes (cationic yellow, cationic blue and cationic red) to broaden their color range. Investigations on the colorimetric and photodynamic properties of a series of these materials were implemented through CIELab evaluation, as well as photooxidation and antibacterial studies. Generally, the photodynamic efficacy of these dual-dyed fabrics was impacted by both the choice, and how much of the traditional cationic dye was employed in the dyeing of the W/A fabrics. When compared with the PS-only singly-dyed material, RB-W/A, that showed a 99.97% (3.5 log units; p = 0.02) reduction of Staphylococcus aureus under visible light illumination (λ ≥ 420 nm, 60 min), the addition of cationic dyes led to a slight decrease in the photoinactivation ability of the dual-dyed fabrics, but was still able to achieve a 99.3% inactivation of S. aureus. Overall, our findings demonstrate the feasibility and potential applications of low cost and color variable RB-loaded W/A blended fabrics as effective self-disinfecting textiles against pathogen transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (T.W.); (W.C.); (T.D.); (Z.L.); (S.Z.); (Q.W.)
| | - Wangbingfei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (T.W.); (W.C.); (T.D.); (Z.L.); (S.Z.); (Q.W.)
| | - Tingting Dong
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (T.W.); (W.C.); (T.D.); (Z.L.); (S.Z.); (Q.W.)
| | - Zihao Lv
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (T.W.); (W.C.); (T.D.); (Z.L.); (S.Z.); (Q.W.)
| | - Siming Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (T.W.); (W.C.); (T.D.); (Z.L.); (S.Z.); (Q.W.)
| | - Xiuming Cao
- Jiangsu Sunshine Group Co., Ltd., Jiangyin 214122, China;
| | - Qufu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (T.W.); (W.C.); (T.D.); (Z.L.); (S.Z.); (Q.W.)
| | - Reza A. Ghiladi
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (T.W.); (W.C.); (T.D.); (Z.L.); (S.Z.); (Q.W.)
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (T.W.); (W.C.); (T.D.); (Z.L.); (S.Z.); (Q.W.)
- Jiangsu Sunshine Group Co., Ltd., Jiangyin 214122, China;
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19
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Strokov K, Schäfer AH, Dobrindt U, Galstyan A. Facile Fabrication of Silicon(IV)Phthalocyanine-Embedded Poly(vinyl alcohol)-Based Antibacterial and Antifouling Interfaces. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:3751-3760. [PMID: 35025245 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Interest in the photodynamic inactivation of bacteria as an alternative method to antibiotic treatment continues to grow. Based on this approach, light-activated anti-infective interfaces could be fabricated via incorporation of photosensitizers into the polymer-based materials. In order to combine photobactericidal and antifouling functions, the choice of the carrier polymer is of particular significance: it should enable fast and effective conjugation of photosensitizer and reduce the formation of bioburden on the artificial material in a biological environment. This study reports one-pot fabrication and characterization of two silicon(IV)phthalocyanine /poly(vinyl alcohol)-based electrospun mats. The method relies on the thermal cross-linking of components by esterification using sebacic acid as a cross-linking agent. Fabricated flexible mats showed photosensitizer-dependent antibacterial photoactivity against different Gram-positive bacteria with low cytotoxic effects on human fibroblasts and were effective against bacterial attachment, as an early step toward future biofilm formation. This work provides practical guidelines in developing photoactive materials and interfaces that can be used in nonadhesive wound dressings, food packaging, water, and air filtration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Strokov
- Center for Soft Nanoscience Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Busso-Peus Strasse 10, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Andreas H Schäfer
- Centre for Nanotechnology, NanoAnalytics GmbH, Heisenbergstraße 11, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Ulrich Dobrindt
- Institute of Hygiene, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Mendelstrasse 7, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Anzhela Galstyan
- Center for Soft Nanoscience Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Busso-Peus Strasse 10, Münster 48149, Germany
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20
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Nie X, Jiang C, Wu S, Chen W, Lv P, Wang Q, Liu J, Narh C, Cao X, Ghiladi RA, Wei Q. Carbon quantum dots: A bright future as photosensitizers for in vitro antibacterial photodynamic inactivation. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2020; 206:111864. [PMID: 32247250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.111864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials have increasingly gained the attention of the nano-, photo- and biomedical communities owing to their unique photophysical properties. Here, we facilely synthesized carbon quantum dots (CQDs) in a one-pot solvothermal reaction, and demonstrated their utility as photosensitizers for in vitro antibacterial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI). The bottom-up synthesis employed inexpensive and sustainable starting materials (citric acid), used ethanol as an environmentally-friendly solvent, was relatively energy efficient, produced minimal waste, and purification was accomplished simply by filtration. The CQDs were characterized by both physical (TEM, X-ray diffraction) and spectroscopic (UV-visible, fluorescence, and ATR-FTIR) methods, which together confirmed their nanoscale dimensions and photophysical properties. aPDI studies demonstrated detection limit inactivation (99.9999 + %) of Gram-negative Escherichia coli 8099 and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus ATCC-6538 upon visible light illumination (λ ≥ 420 nm, 65 ± 5 mW/cm2; 60 min). Post-illumination SEM images of the bacteria incubated with the CQDs showed perforated and fragmented cell membranes consistent with damage from reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mechanistic studies revealed that the bacteria were inactivated by singlet oxygen, with no discernable roles for other ROS (e.g., superoxide or hydroxyl radicals). These findings demonstrated that CQDs can be facilely prepared, operate via a Type II mechanism, and are effective photosensitizers for in vitro aPDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Nie
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chenyu Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Shuanglin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wangbingfei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Pengfei Lv
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jingyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Christopher Narh
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiuming Cao
- Jiangsu Sunshine Group Co., Ltd., Jiangyin 214122, China
| | - Reza A Ghiladi
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Qufu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Novel Functional Textile Fibers and Materials, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China.
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21
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Feese E, Gracz HS, Boyle PD, Ghiladi RA. Towards microbe-targeted photosensitizers: Synthesis, characterization and in vitro photodynamic inactivation of the tuberculosis model pathogen M. smegmatis by porphyrin-peptide conjugates. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619501505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Porphyrin-peptide conjugates have a breadth of potential applications, including use in photodynamic therapy, boron neutron capture therapy, as fluorescence imaging tags for tracking subcellular localization, as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) positive-contrast reagents and as biomimetic catalysts. Here, we have explored three general routes to porphyrin-peptide conjugates using the Cu(I)-catalyzed Huisgen-Medal-Sharpless 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of peptide-containing azides with a terminal alkyne-containing porphyrin, thereby generating porphyrin-peptide conjugates (PPCs) comprised of a cationic porphyrin coupled to short antimicrobial peptides. In addition to characterizing the PPCs using a variety of spectroscopic (UV-vis, [Formula: see text]H- and [Formula: see text]C-NMR) and mass spectrometric methods, we evaluated their efficacy as photosensitizers for the in vitro photodynamic inactivation of Mycobacterium smegmatis as a model for the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Difficulties that needed to be overcome for the efficient synthesis of PPCs were the limited solubility of the quaternized pyridyl porphyrin in common solvents, undesired (de)metallation and transmetallation, and chromatographic purification. Photodynamic inactivation studies of a small library of PPCs against Mycobacterium smegmatis confirmed our hypothesis that the porphyrin-based photosensitizer maintains its ability to efficiently inactivate bacteria when conjugated to a small peptide by upwards of 5–6 log units (99.999[Formula: see text]%) using white light illumination (400–700 nm, 60 mW/cm[Formula: see text], 30 min). Further, hemolysis assays revealed the lack of toxicity of the PPCs against sheep blood at concentrations employed for in vitro photodynamic inactivation. Taken together, the results demonstrated the ability of PPCs to maintain their antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation efficacy when possessing a short cationic peptides for enabling the potential targeting of pathogens in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Feese
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695-8204, USA
| | - Hanna S. Gracz
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Paul D. Boyle
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695-8204, USA
| | - Reza A. Ghiladi
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695-8204, USA
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22
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Ma Y, Wang C, Li Y, Li J, Wan Q, Chen J, Tay FR, Niu L. Considerations and Caveats in Combating ESKAPE Pathogens against Nosocomial Infections. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1901872. [PMID: 31921562 PMCID: PMC6947519 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201901872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species) are among the most common opportunistic pathogens in nosocomial infections. ESKAPE pathogens distinguish themselves from normal ones by developing a high level of antibiotic resistance that involves multiple mechanisms. Contemporary therapeutic strategies which are potential options in combating ESKAPE bacteria need further investigation. Herein, a broad overview of the antimicrobial research on ESKAPE pathogens over the past five years is provided with prospective clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Xuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Military StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesShaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical University145 Changle West RoadXi'anShaanxi710032P. R. China
| | - Chen‐Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesShaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical University145 Changle West RoadXi'anShaanxi710032P. R. China
| | - Yuan‐Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesShaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical University145 Changle West RoadXi'anShaanxi710032P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesShaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical University145 Changle West RoadXi'anShaanxi710032P. R. China
| | - Qian‐Qian Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Military StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesShaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical University145 Changle West RoadXi'anShaanxi710032P. R. China
| | - Ji‐Hua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesShaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical University145 Changle West RoadXi'anShaanxi710032P. R. China
| | - Franklin R. Tay
- State Key Laboratory of Military StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesShaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical University145 Changle West RoadXi'anShaanxi710032P. R. China
- The Graduate SchoolAugusta University1430, John Wesley Gilbert DriveAugustaGA30912‐1129USA
| | - Li‐Na Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Military StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesShaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical University145 Changle West RoadXi'anShaanxi710032P. R. China
- The Graduate SchoolAugusta University1430, John Wesley Gilbert DriveAugustaGA30912‐1129USA
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23
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Wu B, Fu J, Zhou Y, Wang J, Feng X, Zhao Y, Zhou G, Lu C, Quan G, Pan X, Wu C. Metal-Organic Framework-Based Chemo-Photothermal Combinational System for Precise, Rapid, and Efficient Antibacterial Therapeutics. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E463. [PMID: 31500157 PMCID: PMC6781304 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11090463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid increase of antimicrobial resistance has become an urgent threat to global public health. In this research, since photothermal therapy is a potential antibacterial strategy, which is less likely to cause resistance, a metal-organic framework-based chemo-photothermal combinational system was constructed. Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks-8 (ZIF-8), a porous carrier with unique features such as high loading and pH-sensitive degradation, was synthesized, and then encapsulated photothermal agent indocyanine green (ICG). First, ICG with improved stability in ZIF-8 (ZIF-8-ICG) can effectively produce heat in response to NIR laser irradiation for precise, rapid, and efficient photothermal bacterial ablation. Meanwhile, Zn2+ ions released from ZIF-8 can inhibit bacterial growth by increasing the permeability of bacterial cell membrane and further strengthen photothermal therapy efficacy by reducing the heat resistance of bacteria. Study showed that bacteria suffered from significant changes in morphology after treatment with ZIF-8-ICG under laser irradiation. The combinational chemo-hyperthermia therapy of ZIF-8-ICG could thoroughly ablate murine subcutaneous abscess induced by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), exhibiting a nearly 100% bactericidal ratio. Both in vitro and in vivo safety evaluation confirmed that ZIF-8-ICG was low toxic. Overall, our researches demonstrated that ZIF-8-ICG has great potential to be served as an alternative to antibiotics in combating multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biyuan Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jintao Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yixian Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Xiaoqian Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yiting Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Guiling Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Chao Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Guilan Quan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Xin Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Chuanbin Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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24
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Qi M, Chi M, Sun X, Xie X, Weir MD, Oates TW, Zhou Y, Wang L, Bai Y, Xu HHK. Novel nanomaterial-based antibacterial photodynamic therapies to combat oral bacterial biofilms and infectious diseases. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:6937-6956. [PMID: 31695368 PMCID: PMC6718167 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s212807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral diseases such as tooth caries, periodontal diseases, endodontic infections, etc., are prevalent worldwide. The heavy burden of oral infectious diseases and their consequences on the patients' quality of life indicates a strong need for developing effective therapies. Advanced understandings of such oral diseases, e.g., inflammatory periodontal lesions, have raised the demand for antibacterial therapeutic strategies, because these diseases are caused by viruses and bacteria. The application of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) on oral infectious diseases has attracted tremendous interest in the past decade. However, aPDT had a minimal effect on the viability of organized biofilms due to the hydrophobic nature of the majority of the photosensitizers (PSs). Therefore, novel nanotechnologies were rapidly developed to target the delivery of hydrophobic PSs into microorganisms for the antimicrobial performance improvement of aPDT. This review focuses on the state-of-the-art of nanomaterials applications in aPDT against oral infectious diseases. The first part of this article focuses on the cutting-edge research on the synthesis, toxicity, and therapeutic effects of various forms of nanomaterials serving as PS carriers for aPDT applications. The second part discusses nanomaterials applications for aPDT in treatments of oral diseases. These novel bioactive nanomaterials have demonstrated great potential to serve as carriers for PSs to substantially enhance the PDT therapeutic effects. Furthermore, the novel aPDT applications not only have exciting therapeutic potential to inhibit bacterial plaque-initiated oral diseases, but also have a wide applicability to other biomedical and tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manlin Qi
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun130021, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Sciences and Technology for Stomatology Nanoengineering, Changchun130021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minghan Chi
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun130021, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Sciences and Technology for Stomatology Nanoengineering, Changchun130021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Sun
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun130021, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Sciences and Technology for Stomatology Nanoengineering, Changchun130021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianju Xie
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD21201, USA
| | - Michael D Weir
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD21201, USA
| | - Thomas W Oates
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD21201, USA
| | - Yanmin Zhou
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun130021, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Sciences and Technology for Stomatology Nanoengineering, Changchun130021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun130021, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Sciences and Technology for Stomatology Nanoengineering, Changchun130021, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD21201, USA
| | - Yuxing Bai
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hockin HK Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD21201, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21201, USA
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21201, USA
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25
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Chen W, Chen J, Li L, Wang X, Wei Q, Ghiladi RA, Wang Q. Wool/Acrylic Blended Fabrics as Next-Generation Photodynamic Antimicrobial Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:29557-29568. [PMID: 31356046 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b09625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The adoption of self-sterilizing materials to reduce infection transmission in hospitals and related healthcare facilities has been hampered by the availability of scalable, cost-effective, and potent antimicrobial textiles. Here, we investigated whether photodynamic materials comprising photosensitizer-embedded wool/acrylic blends were able to mediate the photodynamic inactivation of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. A small library of wool/acrylic (W/A) blended fabrics was constructed wherein the wool fibers were embedded with rose Bengal (RB) as a photosensitizer and the acrylic fibers were dyed with a traditional cationic yellow X-8GL dye, thereby enabling a broader color palette than was achievable with a single photosensitizer. The resultant photodynamic materials were characterized by physical (SEM, DSC, TGA, tensile strength), spectroscopic (fluorescence), colorimetric (K/S and CIELab values), and color fastness (against rubbing, washing) studies, and their photooxidation of the model substrate potassium iodide demonstrated the ability of these materials to generate microbicidal reactive oxygen species (i.e., singlet oxygen) upon illumination. Our best results yielded the photodynamic inactivation of Gram-positive S. aureus (99.98%) and B. subtilis (99.993%) by ∼4 log units upon illumination with visible light (60 min; 65 ± 5 mW/cm2; λ ≥ 420 nm), although more modest activity was observed against Gram-negative P. aeruginosa and E. coli (1-2 log units pathogen reduction). While there were no statistically significant differences for dual-dyed materials that were produced through either sequential or simultaneous dyeing steps, it was noted that high loadings of the cationic yellow X-8GL dye did inhibit the antimicrobial activity of the RB photosensitizer, with the dual-dyed materials able to mediate a 2.9 log unit reduction against S. aureus at a 1% o.w.f X-8GL loading. These findings indicate that the antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation of dual-dyed materials is independent of the dyeing process itself, yet exhibits limitations on the loading of the traditional dye with regards to the activity of the photosensitizer. Taken together, the results suggest the feasibility of photosensitizer-embedded blended fabrics produced through a one-step dyeing process as a low-cost and scalable method for creating effective self-disinfecting textiles for infection prevention, and whose inclusion of a second traditional dye for color variation will further benefit their adoption from a commercial standpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangbingfei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
| | - Jiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
| | - Ling Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
| | - Qufu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
| | - Reza A Ghiladi
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
- Department of Chemistry , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695 , United States
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
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26
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Wiehe A, O'Brien JM, Senge MO. Trends and targets in antiviral phototherapy. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:2565-2612. [PMID: 31397467 DOI: 10.1039/c9pp00211a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a well-established treatment option in the treatment of certain cancerous and pre-cancerous lesions. Though best-known for its application in tumor therapy, historically the photodynamic effect was first demonstrated against bacteria at the beginning of the 20th century. Today, in light of spreading antibiotic resistance and the rise of new infections, this photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of microbes, such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses, is gaining considerable attention. This review focuses on the PDI of viruses as an alternative treatment in antiviral therapy, but also as a means of viral decontamination, covering mainly the literature of the last decade. The PDI of viruses shares the general action mechanism of photodynamic applications: the irradiation of a dye with light and the subsequent generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are the effective phototoxic agents damaging virus targets by reacting with viral nucleic acids, lipids and proteins. Interestingly, a light-independent antiviral activity has also been found for some of these dyes. This review covers the compound classes employed in the PDI of viruses and their various areas of use. In the medical area, currently two fields stand out in which the PDI of viruses has found broader application: the purification of blood products and the treatment of human papilloma virus manifestations. However, the PDI of viruses has also found interest in such diverse areas as water and surface decontamination, and biosafety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arno Wiehe
- biolitec research GmbH, Otto-Schott-Str. 15, 07745 Jena, Germany. and Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jessica M O'Brien
- Medicinal Chemistry, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| | - Mathias O Senge
- Medicinal Chemistry, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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27
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Stoll KR, Scholle F, Zhu J, Zhang X, Ghiladi RA. BODIPY-embedded electrospun materials in antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:1923-1932. [PMID: 31147667 DOI: 10.1039/c9pp00103d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Drug-resistant pathogens, particularly those that result in hospital acquired infections (HAIs), have emerged as a critical priority for the World Health Organization. To address the need for self-disinfecting materials to counter the threat posed by the transmission of these pathogens from surfaces to new hosts, here we investigated if a cationic BODIPY photosensitizer, embedded via electrospinning into nylon and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers, was capable of inactivating both bacteria and viruses via antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI). Materials characterization, including fiber morphology and the degree of photosensitizer loading, was assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS), and demonstrated that the materials were comprised of nanofibers (125-215 nm avg. diameter) that were thermostable to >300 °C. The antimicrobial potencies of the resultant Nylon-BODIPY(+) and PAN-BODIPY(+) nanofiber materials were evaluated against four strains of bacteria recognized by the World Health Organization as either critical or high priority pathogens: Gram-positive strains methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA; ATCC BAA-44) and vancomycin-resistant E. faecium (VRE; ATCC BAA-2320), and Gram-negative strains multidrug-resistant A. baumannii (MDRAB; ATCC BAA-1605) and NDM-1 positive K. pneumoniae (KP; ATCC BAA-2146). Our results demonstrated the detection limit (99.9999%; 6 log units reduction in CFU mL-1) photodynamic inactivation of three strains upon illumination (30-60 min; 40-65 ± 5 mW cm-2; 400-700 nm): MRSA, VRE, and MDRAB, but only minimal inactivation (47-75%) of KP. Antiviral studies employing PAN-BODIPY(+) against vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), a model enveloped virus, revealed complete inactivation. Taken together, the results demonstrate the potential for electrospun BODIPY(+)-embedded nanofiber materials as the basis for pathogen-specific anti-infective materials, even at low photosensitizer loadings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R Stoll
- Department of Chemistry, United States Air Force Academy, CO 80840, USA
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28
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Müller A, Preuß A, Bornhütter T, Thomas I, Prager A, Schulze A, Röder B. Electron beam functionalized photodynamic polyethersulfone membranes - photophysical characterization and antimicrobial activity. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:1346-1354. [PMID: 30141813 DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00254a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polymer membranes are powerful filtration tools in medicine and water treatment. Their efficiency and operational lifetime is limited by biofouling caused by microorganisms. This study describes the development of photodynamical active antimicrobial polymer membranes in a one-pot functionalization step using a well-known photosensitizer (PS). Commercially available polyethersulfone (PES) membranes for microfiltration were doped with the polycationic PS TMPyP using electron beam irradiation. These membranes were characterized in terms of binding stability and quantification of the PS and membrane morphology. Furthermore, the photodynamic ability was verified by time resolved singlet oxygen luminescence scans and successfully tested against the Gram-negative bacterium E. coli under low dose white light illumination resulting in the reduction in cell survival of 6 log10 units. Finally, in preliminarily experiments the photodynamic action against the Gram-positive bacteria M. luteus and the Gram-negative P. fluorescence and the mold C. cladosporioides was demonstrated. These promising results show the high photodynamic potential of electron beam functionalization of PES membranes with TMPyP. It preserves the photodynamic abilities of the immobilized PS resulting in efficient photodynamic inactivation of bacteria and mold on the membrane surface. The uprising worldwide spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria makes the development of new antibacterial strategies an inevitable challenge. The photodynamic inactivation of bacteria and its adaptation for antimicrobial surfaces, e.g. filtration membranes for water treatment, displays many advantages in terms of a wide application range, low mutagenic potential and environmental compatibility.
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Peddinti BST, Scholle F, Ghiladi RA, Spontak RJ. Photodynamic Polymers as Comprehensive Anti-Infective Materials: Staying Ahead of a Growing Global Threat. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:25955-25959. [PMID: 30044089 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b09139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
To combat the global threat posed by surface-adhering pathogens that are becoming increasingly drug-resistant, we explore the anti-infective efficacy of bulk thermoplastic elastomer films containing ∼1 wt % zinc-tetra(4- N-methylpyridyl)porphine (ZnTMPyP4+), a photoactive antimicrobial that utilizes visible light to generate singlet oxygen. This photodynamic polymer is capable of inactivating five bacterial strains and two viruses with at least 99.89% and 99.95% success, respectively, after exposure to noncoherent light for 60 min. Unlike other anti-infective methodologies commonly requiring oxidizing chemicals, carcinogenic radiation, or toxic nanoparticles, our approach is nonspecific and safe/nontoxic, and sustainably relies on the availability of just oxygen and visible light.
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30
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Dong J, Ghiladi RA, Wang Q, Cai Y, Wei Q. Protoporphyrin-IX conjugated cellulose nanofibers that exhibit high antibacterial photodynamic inactivation efficacy. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:265601. [PMID: 29611819 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aabb3c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Towards the development of anti-infective nanoscale materials employing a photodynamic mechanism of action, we report the synthesis, physical properties (SEM, mechanical strength, water contact angle), spectroscopic characterization (infrared, Raman, DRUV), and evaluation of antibacterial efficacy of porphyrin-conjugated regenerated cellulose nanofibers, termed RC-TETA-PPIX-Zn. Cellulose acetate was electrospun to produce nanofibers, thermally treated to enhance mechanical strength, and finally hydrolyzed to produce regenerated cellulose (RC) nanofibers that possessed a high surface area and nanofibrous structure. Covalent grafting of a protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) photosensitizer using epichlorohydrin/triethylenetetramine (TETA), followed by zinc chelation, afforded RC-TETA-PPIX-Zn. The high surface area afforded by the nanofibers and efficient photosensitizer conjugation led to a very high loading of 412 nmol PPIX/mg material, corresponding to a degree of substitution of 0.1. Antibacterial efficacy was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC-6538) and Escherichia coli (ATCC-8099), with our best results achieving detection limit inactivation (99.999+%) of both bacteria after only 20 min illumination (Xe lamp, λ ≥ 420 nm). No statistically significant loss in antibacterial activity was observed when using nanofibers that had been 'photo-aged' with 5 h of pre-illumination to simulate the effects of photobleaching. Post aPDI, scanning electron microscopy revealed that the bacteria had undergone cell membrane leakage, consistent with oxidative damage caused by photo-generated reactive oxygen species. Taken together, the conjugation strategy employed here provides a scalable, facile and efficient route to creating nanofibrous materials from natural polymers with a high photosensitizer loading, enabling the use of commercially-available neutral porphyrin photosensitizers, such as PPIX, in the design and synthesis of potent anti-infective nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Dong
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
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31
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Álvarez-Paino M, Muñoz-Bonilla A, Fernández-García M. Antimicrobial Polymers in the Nano-World. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 7:E48. [PMID: 28336882 PMCID: PMC5333033 DOI: 10.3390/nano7020048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Infections are one of the main concerns of our era due to antibiotic-resistant infections and the increasing costs in the health-care sector. Within this context, antimicrobial polymers present a great alternative to combat these problems since their mechanisms of action differ from those of antibiotics. Therefore, the microorganisms' resistance to these polymeric materials is avoided. Antimicrobial polymers are not only applied in the health-care sector, they are also used in many other areas. This review presents different strategies that combine nanoscience and nanotechnology in the polymer world to combat contaminations from bacteria, fungi or algae. It focuses on the most relevant areas of application of these materials, viz. health, food, agriculture, and textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Álvarez-Paino
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Alexandra Muñoz-Bonilla
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC); C/ Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid 28006, Spain.
| | - Marta Fernández-García
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC); C/ Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid 28006, Spain.
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