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Teixeira B, Afonso C, Severo M, Carvalho C, Torres D, Lopes C, Oliveira A. Exploring dietary patterns and their association with environmental sustainability and body mass index in children and adolescents: Insights from the National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey 2015-2016. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 945:174051. [PMID: 38885700 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To adapt four dietary patterns for children and adolescents, and study their associations with sustainability (greenhouse-gas emissions-GHGE and land use-LU), and health (body mass index-BMI) indicators. RESEARCH METHODS & PROCEDURES Dietary intake of children (3-9y) and adolescents (10-17y) from the National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey 2015-2016, Portugal (n = 1153) was assessed through two non-consecutive interviews: one-day food diaries (children), and 24-h recalls (adolescents), using an automated multiple-pass method, including a picture book for portion sizes estimation. Adherence to the Eat-Lancet and World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations, Mediterranean and Atlantic diets were evaluated using adapted versions for pediatrics of the World Index for Sustainability and Health (WISH), Diet Quality Index (DQI), Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) and Southern-European Atlantic Diet (SEAD), respectively. Diet-related GHGE and LU were estimated using the SHARP-Indicators database. BMI (measured) z-scores were classified according to WHO criteria. A standardized weighted health-sustainability composite index was created (BMI + 0.5*GHGE+0.5*LU). Adjusted linear regression models were computed. RESULTS WISH, DQI, MDS, and SEAD had weighted mean scores (range) of 50 (0-130), 24 (9-36), 20 (8-32), and 17 (8-32), respectively. All dietary patterns were associated with lower environmental impact, particularly in children, but not with BMI. Only MDS explained both health and sustainability indicators in childhood (composite index: sd.β = -0·223,95%CI:-0·347,-0·072,R2 = 25.1 %), and adolescence (composite index: sd.β = -0·159,95%CI:-0·315,-0·003,R2 = 31.3 %). CONCLUSION The Mediterranean diet was the most related to (higher) environmental sustainability and (lower) BMI. However, in children (not adolescents), the WISH, DQI, and SEAD showed then same associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Teixeira
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto [Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto], Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto [Institute of Public Health, University of Porto], Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto [Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR)], Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Cláudia Afonso
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto [Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto], Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto [Institute of Public Health, University of Porto], Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto [Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR)], Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Milton Severo
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto [Institute of Public Health, University of Porto], Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto [Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR)], Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Catarina Carvalho
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto [Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto], Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto [Institute of Public Health, University of Porto], Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto [Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR)], Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Duarte Torres
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto [Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto], Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto [Institute of Public Health, University of Porto], Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto [Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR)], Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Carla Lopes
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto [Institute of Public Health, University of Porto], Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto [Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR)], Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto [Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto], Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Andreia Oliveira
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto [Institute of Public Health, University of Porto], Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto [Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR)], Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto [Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto], Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
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Zúnica-García S, Blanquer-Gregori JJ, Sánchez-Ortiga R, Jiménez-Trujillo MI, Chicharro-Luna E. Relationship between diabetic peripheral neuropathy and adherence to the Mediterranean diet in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: an observational study. J Endocrinol Invest 2024; 47:2603-2613. [PMID: 38499935 PMCID: PMC11393014 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-024-02341-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The main study goal is to assess the relationship between adherence to the mediterranean diet (MD) and the presence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS Observational pilot study of 174 patients diagnosed with T2DM. Sociodemographic and anthropometric variables, physical activity, smoking habits, blood biochemical parameters and comorbidities were recorded. The presence of alterations in sensitivity to pressure, pain, thermal and vibration was explored. Good MD adherence was a score ≥ 9 the 14-point MD adherence questionnaire (MEDAS-14). RESULTS The study population consisted of 174 patients (61.5% men and 38.5% women), with a mean age of 69.56 ± 8.86 years; 19% of these patients adhered to the MD. The score obtained in the MEDAS-14 was higher in patients who did not present alterations in sensitivity to pressure (p = 0.047) or vibration (p = 0.021). The patients without diabetic peripheral neuropathy were more likely to comply with the MD and had a higher score on the MEDAS-14 (p = 0.047). However, multivariate analysis showed that only altered sensitivity to pressure was associated with adherence to the MD (altered sensitivity OR = 2.9; 95%CI 1.02-8.22; p = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS Although the patients with DPN had lower scores on the MEDAS questionnaire and therefore poorer adherence to the mediterranean diet, the only parameter significantly associated with the MD was that of sensitivity to pressure (monofilament test).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zúnica-García
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Health, Nursing Area, Faculty of Medicine, Miguel Hernández University, Ctra N332, Km 87, 03550, San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, CP, Spain.
| | | | - R Sánchez-Ortiga
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Dr. Balmis General University Hospital, Alicante, Spain
| | - M I Jiménez-Trujillo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Psychology, Preventive Medicine and Public Health and Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Nursing and Stomatology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Chicharro-Luna
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Health, Nursing Area, Faculty of Medicine, Miguel Hernández University, Ctra N332, Km 87, 03550, San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, CP, Spain
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Larruy-García A, Mahmood L, Miguel-Berges ML, Masip G, Seral-Cortés M, De Miguel-Etayo P, Moreno LA. Diet Quality Scores, Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Curr Obes Rep 2024:10.1007/s13679-024-00589-6. [PMID: 39331350 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-024-00589-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We aimed to examine the relationship between various diet quality scores and obesity and Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) in children and adolescents. RECENT FINDINGS Obesity and MetS, which increase the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease from childhood through adolescence, have been associated with adherence to various diet quality scores. A systematic search was performed in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, SciELO, Embase, and Cochrane, covering the period until March 2024. Two researchers evaluated 3,519 studies according to the inclusion criteria. Finally, 73 articles that analysed the relationship between diet quality scores and obesity and MetS were included, and 6 of them were included in a meta-analysis. Children younger than 12 years old showed statistically significant differences indicating a higher Mediterranean diet (MD) score adherence compared to those with a low score adherence for BMI (MD = 0.33 kg/m2, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.64) and WC values (MD = 1.21 cm, 95% CI: 0.50, 1.93). Additionally, in the meta-regression analysis, boys showed stronger associations for BMI, z-score BMI and WC (β = 19.82, 95% CI: 17.62, 22.03, β = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.33, 0.96 and β = 67.03, 95% CI: 57.29, 76.77, respectively). Studies in this review suggest an association between high adherence to different diet quality scores and low BMI. Meta-analysis assessing the association between adherence to the MD and BMI, and WC, showed a protective effect of the MD pattern against obesity outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analyses provided evidence on the effect of the diet quality on obesity and MetS in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Larruy-García
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Physiatry and Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna Street, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Lubna Mahmood
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Physiatry and Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna Street, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María L Miguel-Berges
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Physiatry and Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna Street, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER. Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Guiomar Masip
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Physiatry and Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna Street, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miguel Seral-Cortés
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Physiatry and Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna Street, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER. Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar De Miguel-Etayo
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Physiatry and Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna Street, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
- CIBER. Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Luis A Moreno
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Physiatry and Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna Street, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER. Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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Rose L, Wood A, Gill T. Gender differences in adherence and retention in Mediterranean diet interventions with a weight-loss outcome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2024:e13824. [PMID: 39228092 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Mediterranean diet has been shown to be effective in improving health outcomes and for weight loss. Adherence and retention in dietary interventions are critical to ensure the benefits of the exposure. No studies to date have assessed the role of gender in understanding participants who remain engaged and adhere to Mediterranean diet interventions. AIMS This study aimed to explore gender differences in recruitment, adherence, and retention for Mediterranean diet interventions and whether these were associated with differences in weight-loss outcomes. METHODS A systematic search was completed in EMBASE, Medline, Cochrane, and clinicaltrials.gov from inception to March 2023. A meta-analysis of studies reporting retention by gender was completed using odds ratios comparing female to male dropout numbers. A second meta-analysis was completed for adherence comparing standardized mean difference of Mediterranean diet scores stratified by gender. Newcastle Ottawa score was used to assess risk of bias. RESULTS A total of 70 articles were included in the systematic review with six articles included in the adherence meta-analysis and nine in the dropout meta-analysis. No statistically significant difference was shown for adherence or retention by gender. Weight-loss outcomes were inconsistent. CONCLUSIONS The results of the study suggest a higher adherence and lower dropout for women although these results were not statistically significant. Future studies of Mediterranean diet interventions should include adherence, retention, and weight-loss data stratified by gender to allow further investigation of this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laekin Rose
- Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Amelia Wood
- Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Timothy Gill
- Charles Perkins Centre, D17, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
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Tsartsapakis I, Papadopoulos P, Stavrousis D, Dalamitros AA, Chatzipanteli A, Chalatzoglidis G, Gerou M, Zafeiroudi A. Recreational Physical Activity and the Mediterranean Diet: Their Effects on Obesity-Related Body Image Dissatisfaction and Eating Disorders. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1579. [PMID: 39201138 PMCID: PMC11353470 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12161579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a non-communicable disease that is associated with a number of serious physical and mental health conditions. The present study examines the effect of recreational physical activity and the Mediterranean diet on body image dissatisfaction and propensity for eating disorders. It is based on 1311 participants categorized by body mass index (BMI) into a normal ΒΜΙ group (NBG; N = 513), an overweight and obese ΒΜΙ group (OBG; N = 492), and a control group (CG; N = 309). All participants completed the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire-Appearance Scale (MBSRQ-AS), Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSES), Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26), Mediterranean Diet Score (MedDietScore), and Fitness Evaluation and Fitness Orientation subscales from the original Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ). The results of the multiple regression analysis indicated that the overall prediction of the variables was statistically significant. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) demonstrated the existence of significant interactions between groups and gender across a range of scales. Despite higher body image dissatisfaction in the OBG group, they maintained positive self-esteem and did not exhibit eating disorder tendencies. Notably, women reported greater dissatisfaction than men across all three groups. Our findings have practical implications for public health promotion strategies, policymaking, future research, and clinical practice. Encouraging regular exercise and adherence to the Mediterranean diet could improve body satisfaction and reduce eating disorder risk. Policymakers can advocate for community-based policies promoting physical activity and healthy eating habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Tsartsapakis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 62122 Serres, Greece; (P.P.); (D.S.); (G.C.); (M.G.)
| | - Panagiotis Papadopoulos
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 62122 Serres, Greece; (P.P.); (D.S.); (G.C.); (M.G.)
| | - Dionisis Stavrousis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 62122 Serres, Greece; (P.P.); (D.S.); (G.C.); (M.G.)
| | - Athanasios A. Dalamitros
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Athanasia Chatzipanteli
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece; (A.C.); (A.Z.)
| | - Georgios Chalatzoglidis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 62122 Serres, Greece; (P.P.); (D.S.); (G.C.); (M.G.)
| | - Maria Gerou
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 62122 Serres, Greece; (P.P.); (D.S.); (G.C.); (M.G.)
| | - Aglaia Zafeiroudi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece; (A.C.); (A.Z.)
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Gómez-Sánchez L, González-Falcon D, Llamas-Ramos R, Rodríguez MC, Rodríguez-Sánchez E, García-Ortiz L, Llamas-Ramos I, Gómez-Sánchez M, Gómez-Marcos MA. The Relationship between Healthy Vascular Aging with the Mediterranean Diet and Other Lifestyles in the Spanish Population: The EVA Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:2565. [PMID: 39125444 PMCID: PMC11314054 DOI: 10.3390/nu16152565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between healthy vascular aging (HVA) and the Mediterranean diet alongside other lifestyles in a Spanish population aged 35 to 75 years without previous cardiovascular diseases. METHODS In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 501 individuals aged 35 to 75 years were recruited from five health centers by random sampling stratified by age and sex (55.90 ± 14.24 years, 49.70% men). HVA was determined in two steps. Step 1: Subjects with vascular damage to the carotid arteries or peripheral arterial disease were classified as non-HVA. Step 2: The study population was classified by age and sex using the percentiles of the vascular aging index (VAI), with VAI ≤p25 considered HVA and >p25 considered non-HVA. The VAI was estimated using the following formula (VAI = (log (1.09) × 10 cIMT + log (1.14) cfPWV) × 39.1 + 4.76. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) was measured with the SphygmoCor® device, and carotid intima-media thickness using Sonosite Micromax® ultrasound. Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence, alcohol and tobacco use were recorded through validated questionnaires. Physical activity was assessed with the ActiGraph-GT3X® accelerometer. RESULTS The mean VAI value was 61.23 ± 12.86 (men-63.47 ± 13.75 and women-59.04 ± 11.54; p < 0.001). HVA was found in 18.9% (men-19.9% and women-17.8%). In the multiple regression analysis after adjusting for possible confounding factors, the mean VAI value showed a positive association with alcohol use (β = 0.020) and sedentary hours per week (β = 0.109) and a negative association with hours of activity per week (β = -0.102) and with the number of healthy lifestyles (β = -0.640). In the logistic regression analysis, after adjusting for possible confounding factors and compared to those classified as non-HVA, subjects classified as HVA were more likely to show MD adherence (OR = 0.571), do more than 26 h per week of physical activity (OR = 1.735), spend under 142 h per week being sedentary (OR = 1.696), and have more than two healthy lifestyles (OR = 1.877). CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that the more time spent doing physical activity and the less time spent in a sedentary state, the lower the vascular aging index and the greater the likelihood of being classified in the group of subjects with HVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Gómez-Sánchez
- Emergency Service, University Hospital of La Paz P. of Castellana, 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain;
- Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Health Centre of San Juan, Av. Portugal 83, 37005 Salamanca, Spain; (D.G.-F.); (R.L.-R.); (E.R.-S.); (L.G.-O.); (M.G.-S.)
| | - David González-Falcon
- Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Health Centre of San Juan, Av. Portugal 83, 37005 Salamanca, Spain; (D.G.-F.); (R.L.-R.); (E.R.-S.); (L.G.-O.); (M.G.-S.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Rocío Llamas-Ramos
- Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Health Centre of San Juan, Av. Portugal 83, 37005 Salamanca, Spain; (D.G.-F.); (R.L.-R.); (E.R.-S.); (L.G.-O.); (M.G.-S.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - María Cortés Rodríguez
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Department of Statistics, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Emiliano Rodríguez-Sánchez
- Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Health Centre of San Juan, Av. Portugal 83, 37005 Salamanca, Spain; (D.G.-F.); (R.L.-R.); (E.R.-S.); (L.G.-O.); (M.G.-S.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Primary Healthcare Management, Castilla y León Regional Health Authority (SACyL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), 37005 Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Luis García-Ortiz
- Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Health Centre of San Juan, Av. Portugal 83, 37005 Salamanca, Spain; (D.G.-F.); (R.L.-R.); (E.R.-S.); (L.G.-O.); (M.G.-S.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Primary Healthcare Management, Castilla y León Regional Health Authority (SACyL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), 37005 Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Inés Llamas-Ramos
- Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Health Centre of San Juan, Av. Portugal 83, 37005 Salamanca, Spain; (D.G.-F.); (R.L.-R.); (E.R.-S.); (L.G.-O.); (M.G.-S.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marta Gómez-Sánchez
- Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Health Centre of San Juan, Av. Portugal 83, 37005 Salamanca, Spain; (D.G.-F.); (R.L.-R.); (E.R.-S.); (L.G.-O.); (M.G.-S.)
- Home Hospitalization Service, Marqués of Valdecilla University Hospital, 39008 Santander, Spain
| | - Manuel A. Gómez-Marcos
- Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Health Centre of San Juan, Av. Portugal 83, 37005 Salamanca, Spain; (D.G.-F.); (R.L.-R.); (E.R.-S.); (L.G.-O.); (M.G.-S.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Primary Healthcare Management, Castilla y León Regional Health Authority (SACyL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), 37005 Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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Degli Innocenti P, Rosi A, Bergamo F, Scazzina F. Dietary and lifestyle intervention strategies to tackle unhealthy behaviours in the Mediterranean countries. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2024; 75:449-452. [PMID: 39034485 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2024.2381606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Perla Degli Innocenti
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alice Rosi
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Federica Bergamo
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Scazzina
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Tayhan F, Helvacı G. Evaluation of university students' Mediterranean diet quality and sustainable eating behaviors: a cross-sectional study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024:1-12. [PMID: 39078611 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2024.2386116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate University Students' diet quality and sustainable eating behaviors, with the intention of developing strategies to promote healthy eating habits. We questioned the sociodemographic characteristics and general eating habits of the students. We administered Mediterranean diet quality scale (KIDMED) and Behaviors Scale Towards Sustainable Nutrition (BSTSN) to 300 Turkish students. We found that 163 of the students' diet quality was moderate level. KIDMED score positively correlated with the BSTSN score (r=0.306, p<0.001). When higher night eating habits predicted lower diet quality (β=-0.117, p=0.038), higher main meals and sustainable eating behavior predicted higher diet quality (β=0.145, p=0.009 and β=0.258, p<0.001, respectively). The results indicate that students generally have moderate diet quality, which sustainable eating behaviors can enhance. Night eating habits and dietary patterns impact diet quality, highlighting the importance of meal planning. To promote healthy eating, universities should incorporate sustainability into curricula and provide supportive facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Tayhan
- Health Science Faculty, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Çankırı Karatekin University, Çankırı, Türkiye
| | - Gizem Helvacı
- Health Sciences Faculty, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Türkiye
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9
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Gavras A, Batsis JA. Medical weight loss in older persons with obesity. Clin Obes 2024:e12684. [PMID: 38924367 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of individuals with obesity or overweight has steadily increased over the past decades both worldwide, and in the United States. This trend is also evident in the older adult population, which has experienced a continuous rise in the number of individuals with overweight or obesity. This is relevant due to the impact of obesity in older adults' quality of life, physical function, morbidity, and healthcare costs. This review aims to provide practical guidance and currently available approaches for healthcare professionals in managing this population. Both non-pharmacological methods such as intensive behavioural therapy, nutritional interventions, and physical activity, as well as anti-obesity medications, are discussed, with a focus on their potential positive and negative effects in older adults. Additionally, bariatric therapy is evaluated, including current procedures available and the associated results and risks in the older population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Gavras
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - John A Batsis
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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10
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Sam-Yellowe TY. Nutritional Barriers to the Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Non-Mediterranean Populations. Foods 2024; 13:1750. [PMID: 38890978 PMCID: PMC11171913 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Adherence to the Mediterranean diet has been shown to lower the risk of developing chronic non-communicable diseases like cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Improvements in depression, participation in daily activities in older individuals, weight loss and a reduction in adverse pregnancy outcomes are associated with adherence to the Mediterranean diet. The number of studies that have evaluated barriers to adherence to the Mediterranean diet in the US and, in particular, in racial and ethnic minority populations within the US are few. Among Native American and Alaskan Native populations, studies evaluating traditional or alternative Mediterranean diet adherence for chronic non-infectious diseases is unavailable. Mediterranean diet scoring instruments used in studies in European and Mediterranean countries and among white participants in the US fail to capture the dietary patterns of racial and ethnic minority populations. In this narrative review, the food components of the traditional Mediterranean diet are discussed, adherence to the Mediterranean diet is examined in Mediterranean and non-Mediterranean countries and barriers preventing adherence to the Mediterranean diet in the US and among racial and ethnic minority populations is reviewed. Recommendations for improving nutrition education and intervention and for increasing adherence and cultural adaptions to the Mediterranean diet are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobili Y. Sam-Yellowe
- Graduate College, Canisius University, 2001 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14208-1098, USA;
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
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11
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Roman S, Campos-Medina L, Leal-Mercado L. Personalized nutrition: the end of the one-diet-fits-all era. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1370595. [PMID: 38854164 PMCID: PMC11157041 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1370595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Personalized Nutrition emerged as a new trend for providing nutritional and food advice based on the individual's genetic composition, a field driven by the advancements in the multi-omic sciences throughout the last century. It intends not only to tailor the recommended daily allowances of nutrients and functional foods that a person may need but also to maintain the principles of sustainability and eco-friendliness. This principle implies the implementation of strategies within the healthcare system to advocate for the ending of the one-diet-fits-all paradigm by considering a personalized diet as an ally to prevent diet-related chronic diseases. In this Perspective, we highlight the potential benefits of such a paradigm within the region of Latin America, particularly Mexico, where the genetic admixture of the population, food biodiversity, and food culture provide unique opportunities to establish personalized nutrigenetic strategies. These strategies could play a crucial role in preventing chronic diseases and addressing the challenges confronted in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Roman
- Department of Genomic Medicine in Hepatology, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, Fray Antonio Alcalde, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
- Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Liliana Campos-Medina
- Department of Genomic Medicine in Hepatology, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, Fray Antonio Alcalde, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
- Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
- Doctoral Program in Molecular Biology in Medicine, Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Leonardo Leal-Mercado
- Department of Genomic Medicine in Hepatology, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, Fray Antonio Alcalde, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
- Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
- Doctoral Program in Molecular Biology in Medicine, Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
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12
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Güneş Kaya D, Arslan N, Ayyıldız F, Bayramoğlu E, Turan H, Ercan O. The potential of the Mediterranean diet to improve metabolic control and body composition in youths with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. BMC Endocr Disord 2024; 24:63. [PMID: 38724988 PMCID: PMC11080120 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-024-01593-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A chronic autoimmune disease with an increasing incidence rate, type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is typified by the degeneration of the pancreatic beta cells. Diabetes management is significantly impacted by nutrition. Although it has been demonstrated that following the Mediterranean diet (MD) improves metabolic control with type 2 diabetes in children and adults, its effects on children with T1DM have not received much attention. OBJECTIVE Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess whether adherence to Mediterranean diet is associated with better metabolic control and body composition in youths with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. The study recruited T1DM patients aged 6-18 years at İstanbul University Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty Hospital's Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Outpatient Clinic for follow-up. METHODS In addition to demographic variables, some anthropometric measurements, body composition and biochemical parameters such as: Trygliceride(TG), Total cholesterol (TC), High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), (Aspartate aminotransferase) AST, Alanine transaminase (ALT) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was analyzed. The time in range (TIR) is a value obtained from continuous glucose monitoring. KIDMED was used to assess the participants' adherence with the MD. RESULTS Good adherence to the MD resulted in much larger height SDS than poor adherence. Poor adherence to MD resulted in higher body fat than moderate and good adherence. There is positivite correlation between TIR and KIDMED score. Adherence to MD is negatively associated with HbA1c. The regression anaylsis showed that a one-point rise in the KIDMED score would result in a 0.314-unit reduction in the HbA1c value (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, this study found that adhering to MD led to improved anthropometric measurements, biochemistry, and diabetes outcomes. Awareness among children, adolescents with T1DM, and their parents about the benefits of MD compliance for glycemic and metabolic control should be raised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Güneş Kaya
- Istanbul University Cerrahpasa- Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Pediatrics, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Arslan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Erzurum Technical University, Yakutiye, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Feride Ayyıldız
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Emek, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elvan Bayramoğlu
- Istanbul University Cerrahpasa - Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Pediatric Endocrinology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Hande Turan
- Istanbul University Cerrahpasa - Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Pediatric Endocrinology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Oya Ercan
- Istanbul University Cerrahpasa - Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Pediatric Endocrinology, İstanbul, Turkey
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Flores-Fraile J, Parra-García S, González-Gil D, Moreno-Barrera A, Peramato-Benito A, Castaño-Seiquer A. Descriptive study of the oral health status of disadvantaged mexican populations in relation to their adherence to the mediterranean diet. REVISTA CIENTÍFICA ODONTOLÓGICA 2024; 12:e196. [PMID: 39119131 PMCID: PMC11304857 DOI: 10.21142/2523-2754-1202-2024-196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity in Mexico is an alarming problem that has been increasing in recent decades. Dietary factors make this pathology more common at younger ages and closely related to oral health. This study attempts to investigate the association between the oral health status of a Mexican population in the state of Yucatan and their dietary habits. OBJECTIVE This study explores the relationship between oral health-related quality of life and adherence to the Mediterranean diet in a disadvantaged population in the state of Yucatan, Mexico. METHODS The research was conducted in July 2023 in Merida, Yucatan (Mexico). The sample consisted of 109 individuals aged between 4 and 72 years old. Data analysis focused on factors such as body mass index (BMI), oral health-related quality of life, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet. RESULTS A notable presence of caries is observed in individuals with low adherence to the Mediterranean diet (Correlation coefficient 0.040, p=0.682). This underscores the potential interaction between oral health, obesity, and dietary habits. The mean Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHIP-14Sp) score was 13.19 ±13.57, median 8.00. CONCLUSIONS This research adds to the increasing evidence that highlights the significance of a balanced diet in enhancing the oral quality of life for people. More research is necessary to explore preventive measures and treatment to raise awareness about oral health within the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Flores-Fraile
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine. University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. , , , Universidad de Salamanca Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine University of Salamanca Salamanca Spain
| | - Sergio Parra-García
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine. University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. , , , Universidad de Salamanca Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine University of Salamanca Salamanca Spain
| | - Diego González-Gil
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine. University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. , , , Universidad de Salamanca Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine University of Salamanca Salamanca Spain
| | - Alejandro Moreno-Barrera
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Odontology Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain. , Universidad de Sevilla Department of Stomatology Faculty of Odontology Universidad de Sevilla Sevilla Spain
| | - Alejandra Peramato-Benito
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine. University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. , , , Universidad de Salamanca Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine University of Salamanca Salamanca Spain
| | - Antonio Castaño-Seiquer
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Odontology Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain. , Universidad de Sevilla Department of Stomatology Faculty of Odontology Universidad de Sevilla Sevilla Spain
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14
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Palandri L, Rocca L, Scasserra MR, Vigezzi GP, Odone A, Iughetti L, Lucaccioni L, Righi E. Investigating Eating Habits of Children Aged between 6 Months and 3 Years in the Provinces of Modena and Reggio Emilia: Is Our Kids' Diet Sustainable for Their and the Planet's Health? Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:453. [PMID: 38391828 PMCID: PMC10888164 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12040453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
A healthy and balanced diet is crucial for children's well-being and aids in preventing diet-related illnesses. Furthermore, unhealthy dietary habits indirectly impact children's health, as the food industry stands as one of the primary drivers of climate change. Evidence shows the Mediterranean diet is sustainable for both children's and the planet's health. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the eating habits of children aged between 6 months and 3 years, in the province of Modena and Reggio Emilia, in Italy, along with their adherence to the guidelines for a healthy diet, and examine the role of pediatricians in promoting knowledge about nutrition and sustainability. In our sample (218 children), most children exceeded the recommended meat and cheese intake, while consuming insufficient amounts of vegetables, fruit, and legumes. Vegetable and fruit consumption declined with the increase in age category while eating sweets, soft drinks, and processed food increased. Incorporating school meals' data into this analysis, we observed a modification in dietary compliance, characterized by an increase in meat and cheese consumption, alongside improvements in the intake of vegetables, fruits, fish, eggs, and legumes. This study suggests that supporting an integrated approach that combines social and educational initiatives is crucial. Future research should prioritize fostering sustainable eating habits within communities to facilitate dietary habits' transformation and encourage healthier lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Palandri
- Section of Public Health, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Laura Rocca
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Mother, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Scasserra
- Section of Public Health, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Giacomo Pietro Vigezzi
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Collegio Ca' della Paglia, Fondazione Ghislieri, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Odone
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Iughetti
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Mother, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Neonatology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Mother, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Laura Lucaccioni
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Mother, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Elena Righi
- Section of Public Health, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
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15
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Tirani SA, Poursalehi D, Lotfi K, Shahdadian F, Hajhashemy Z, Rouhani P, Saneei P. Adherence to Mediterranean-Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay Diet in Relation to Serum Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Concentrations and Metabolic Health Status in Adults. Curr Dev Nutr 2024; 8:102082. [PMID: 38351976 PMCID: PMC10862409 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.102082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background There is a lack of data regarding the Mediterranean-Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet and metabolic health. Objectives This study assessed the relation between MIND diet and metabolic health status relative to serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentrations. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of 527 adults (286 males and 241 females) recruited from 20 schools in 6 different educational districts of Isfahan, Iran. Dietary intakes of participants were collected by a validated 168-item food frequency questionnaire, and MIND diet score was estimated. Anthropometric indices, blood pressure, biochemical parameters, and BDNF concentrations were assessed for all participants. The metabolically unhealthy (MU) phenotype was determined based on blood pressure, glycemic and lipid profiles, chronic inflammation, and insulin resistance. Results The frequency of MU phenotype among obese/overweight and normal-weight individuals was 79.5 % and 20.5 %, respectively. After adjustment for confounders, individuals in the top tertile of the MIND diet scores had 58 % lower odds of having the MU phenotype than individuals in the bottom tertile (odds ratios [ORs]: 0.42; 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 0.20, 0.90). In the fully adjusted model, females and normal-weight individuals had 81 % (OR: 0.19; 95 % CI: 0.04, 0.83) and 89 % (OR: 0.11; 95 % CI: 0.02, 0.69) lower chance of developing the MU phenotype, respectively. In addition, significant inverse associations between adherence to the MIND diet and high-blood pressure and hypertriglyceridemia were found. No significant association was found between adherence to MIND diet and odds of low BDNF concentrations. Conclusions Adherence to MIND diet is inversely associated with odds of MU phenotype, especially among women and normal-weight individuals. BDNF concentration is not associated with MIND diet and MU status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnaz Amani Tirani
- Students’ Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Donya Poursalehi
- Students’ Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Keyhan Lotfi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Students’ Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnaz Shahdadian
- Students’ Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Hajhashemy
- Students’ Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parisa Rouhani
- Students’ Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parvane Saneei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Ketchum K, Jevitt CM. Evidence-Based Eating Patterns and Behavior Changes to Limit Excessive Gestational Weight Gain: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 21:15. [PMID: 38276803 PMCID: PMC10815062 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND International prenatal care guidelines set a standard for clinicians to discuss gestational weight gain with their patients along with the complications associated with prepregnancy obesity and excessive gestational weight gain. Clinicians often lack evidence-based eating, nutrition, and activity strategies to share with patients. METHODS This systematic review aimed to find eating patterns and behaviors that could be used safely during pregnancy to limit excessive gestational weight gain. PubMed, MEDLINE, and Web of Science were searched for research or systematic reviews performed in the United States or Canada and published in English from 2013 to 2023. Keyword search terms included weight, manage, behavior, strategy, strategies, gestational weight gain, and nutrition. Excluded research used pediatric or adolescent populations, restrictive diets, such as no carbohydrate or no fat diets, fasting, bariatric surgery, weight loss medications, private industry or profit-earning programs using food brands, or specific diet programs. RESULTS A total of 844 abstracts were retrieved, with 103 full-text studies reviewed. Behaviors had to be useful for maintaining a healthy gestational weight gain and had to be safe for use during pregnancy. Behaviors useful during pregnancy included meal planning, home meal preparation, portion control, using diets such as the Mediterranean diet, the low-glycemic index diet, and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet (DASH), regular physical activity, sleeping 6-7 h a night, mindful eating, intuitive eating, and regular seif-weighing. CONCLUSION The evidence-based strategies outlined in this review are safe for use during pregnancy and can assist patients in avoiding excessive gestational weight gain while maintaining the nutrition needed for healthy fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cecilia M. Jevitt
- Midwifery Program, Department of Family Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada;
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Pavlidou E, Papadopoulou SK, Fasoulas A, Papaliagkas V, Alexatou O, Chatzidimitriou M, Mentzelou M, Giaginis C. Diabesity and Dietary Interventions: Evaluating the Impact of Mediterranean Diet and Other Types of Diets on Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Management. Nutrients 2023; 16:34. [PMID: 38201865 PMCID: PMC10780530 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabesity, the intersection of obesity and diabetes, presents a global health crisis with profound implications. Addressing diabesity requires multifaceted strategies, with diet playing a pivotal role. Over the last 15 years, clinical studies have intensified their exploration of various dietary approaches in diabesity management. This literature review aims to synthesize findings from clinical studies conducted in the last 15 years, shedding light on the efficacy, mechanisms, and nuances of different diet types in diabesity management with special focus on the Mediterranean diet (MD). METHODS Thorough research of academic databases yielded a collection of relevant clinical studies. These studies encompassed a range of dietary strategies, including the MD, low-carbohydrate diets, plant-based diets, high-protein diets, low-fat regimens, and intermittent fasting. Key findings, methodologies, and outcomes were thoroughly extracted and analyzed. RESULTS The last 15 years have witnessed considerable improvements in recognizing the role of human nutritional habits in diabesity management. The MD appears to be the most well-recognized diet, exerting favorable effects against both obesity and diabetes. Low-carbohydrate diets were found to enhance glycemic regulation and decrease insulin resistance. Plant-based diets demonstrated potential benefits in weight management and cardiometabolic health. High-protein, low-fat dietary models exhibited positive effects on satiety and body weight decline. Intermittent fasting regimens also exerted metabolic improvements and body weight decline. Personalization emerged as a crucial factor in dietary recommendations. CONCLUSIONS Clinical studies from the last 15 years underscore the intricate relationship between diet types and diabesity management. The above results contribute to an increasing body of evidence, emphasizing the need for tailored dietary approaches and especially the MD. Healthcare providers can utilize this knowledge to offer personalized dietary recommendations for individuals with diabesity, potentially curbing the rise of these twin epidemics and improving the well-being of affected populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Pavlidou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece; (E.P.); (A.F.); (O.A.); (M.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Sousana K. Papadopoulou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Aristeidis Fasoulas
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece; (E.P.); (A.F.); (O.A.); (M.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Vasileios Papaliagkas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; (V.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Olga Alexatou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece; (E.P.); (A.F.); (O.A.); (M.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Maria Chatzidimitriou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; (V.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Maria Mentzelou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece; (E.P.); (A.F.); (O.A.); (M.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Constantinos Giaginis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece; (E.P.); (A.F.); (O.A.); (M.M.); (C.G.)
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18
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Oliver Olid A, Fabios E, García-Blanco L, Moreno-Villares JM, Martínez-González MÁ, Martín-Calvo N. Higher adherence to the Mediterranean Diet is associated with lower micronutrient inadequacy in children: the SENDO project. Public Health Nutr 2023; 27:e8. [PMID: 38050795 PMCID: PMC10830367 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980023002707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) is associated with lower micronutrients inadequacy in a sample of Spanish preschoolers. DESIGN We conducted a cross-sectional study with 4-5-year-old children participating in the SENDO project. Information was gathered through an online questionnaire completed by parents. Dietary information was collected with a previously validated semi-quantitative FFQ. The estimated average requirements or adequate intake levels as proposed by the Institute of Medicine were used as cut-off point to define inadequate intake. STATISTICAL ANALYSES Crude and multivariable adjusted estimates were calculated with generalised estimated equations to account for intra-cluster correlation between siblings. PARTICIPANTS We used baseline information of 1153 participants enrolled in the SENDO project between January 2015 and June 2022. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES OR and 95 % CI of presenting an inadequate intake of ≥ 3 micronutrients associated with the MedDiet. RESULTS The adjusted proportion of children with inadequate intake of ≥ 3 micronutrients was 27·2 %, 13·5 % and 8·1 % in the categories of low, medium and high adherence to the MedDiet, respectively. After adjusting for all potential confounders, children who had a low adherence to the MedDiet showed a significant lower odds of inadequate intake of ≥ 3 micronutrients compared to those with a high adherence (OR 9·85; 95 % CI 3·33, 29·09). CONCLUSION Lower adherence to the MedDiet is associated with higher odds of nutritional inadequacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asier Oliver Olid
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elise Fabios
- University of Navarra, School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Lorena García-Blanco
- Olite Primary Care Health Center, Servicio Navarro de Salud-Osasunbidea, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-González
- University of Navarra, School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nerea Martín-Calvo
- University of Navarra, School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
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19
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Cacciatore S, Gava G, Calvani R, Marzetti E, Coelho-Júnior HJ, Picca A, Esposito I, Ciciarello F, Salini S, Russo A, Tosato M, Landi F. Lower Adherence to a Mediterranean Diet Is Associated with High Adiposity in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Results from the Longevity Check-Up (Lookup) 7+ Project. Nutrients 2023; 15:4892. [PMID: 38068751 PMCID: PMC10708281 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
High adiposity impacts health and quality of life in old age, owing to its association with multimorbidity, decreased physical performance, and frailty. Whether a high adherence to a Mediterranean diet (Medi-Diet) is associated with reduced body adiposity in older adults is unclear. The present study was conducted to assess the prevalence of high adiposity in a large sample of community-dwelling older adults. We also explored the relationship between whole-body adiposity estimated through relative fat mass (RFM) and Medi-Diet adherence. Data were obtained from the Longevity Check-up 7+ (Lookup7+) project database. RFM was estimated from anthropometric and personal parameters using a validated equation. RFM was categorized as high if ≥40% in women and ≥30% in men. Information on diet was collected using a food frequency questionnaire, while Medi-Diet adherence was assessed through a modified version of the Medi-Lite scoring system. Analyses were conducted in 2092 participants (mean age 73.1 ± 5.9 years; 53.4% women). Mean RFM was 39.6 ± 5.14% in women and 29.0 ± 3.6% in men. High adiposity was found in 971 (46.4%) participants and was more frequent in those with a low (54.2%) or moderate (46.4%) Medi-Diet adherence compared with the high-adherence group (39.7%, p < 0.001). Logistic regression indicated that older adults with high Medi-Diet adherence were less likely to have a high RFM. Other factors associated with a greater risk of having high adiposity were older age, female sex, and physical inactivity. Our findings support an association between healthy lifestyles, including a greater adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet, and lower body adiposity in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Cacciatore
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (G.G.); (E.M.); (H.J.C.-J.); (I.E.); (F.L.)
| | - Giordana Gava
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (G.G.); (E.M.); (H.J.C.-J.); (I.E.); (F.L.)
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (G.G.); (E.M.); (H.J.C.-J.); (I.E.); (F.L.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (F.C.); (S.S.); (A.R.); (M.T.)
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (G.G.); (E.M.); (H.J.C.-J.); (I.E.); (F.L.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (F.C.); (S.S.); (A.R.); (M.T.)
| | - Hélio José Coelho-Júnior
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (G.G.); (E.M.); (H.J.C.-J.); (I.E.); (F.L.)
| | - Anna Picca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (F.C.); (S.S.); (A.R.); (M.T.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, SS100 km 18, 70100 Casamassima, Italy
| | - Ilaria Esposito
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (G.G.); (E.M.); (H.J.C.-J.); (I.E.); (F.L.)
| | - Francesca Ciciarello
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (F.C.); (S.S.); (A.R.); (M.T.)
| | - Sara Salini
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (F.C.); (S.S.); (A.R.); (M.T.)
| | - Andrea Russo
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (F.C.); (S.S.); (A.R.); (M.T.)
| | - Matteo Tosato
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (F.C.); (S.S.); (A.R.); (M.T.)
| | - Francesco Landi
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (G.G.); (E.M.); (H.J.C.-J.); (I.E.); (F.L.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (F.C.); (S.S.); (A.R.); (M.T.)
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20
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Di Renzo L, Gualtieri P, Frank G, De Santis GL, Cianci R, Bigioni G, De Lorenzo A. Sex Differences in the Efficacy of Mediterranean Diet Treatment: A Nutrigenomics Pilot Study. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1980. [PMID: 38002923 PMCID: PMC10671063 DOI: 10.3390/genes14111980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet (MedD) has been shown to have beneficial effects on health, well-being, and mental status. It potentially modulates gene expressions linked to oxidative stress, contributing to its beneficial effects on overall health. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of MedD treatment in healthy human volunteers on the expression of ten genes related to oxidative stress and inflammation in women and men. Of 30 enrolled subjects, 17 were eligible, 10 women and 7 men. All of them received the same MedD treatment. Before and after 8 weeks of MedD treatment, an evaluation of body composition, blood tests, and anthropometric and clinical parameters was performed. Furthermore, 10 genes were amplified and analyzed. The study showed significant differences between females and males in body composition and biochemical parameters before and after MedD treatment. Significant differences between females and males in Resistance Force (p < 0.009) and Diastolic Blood Pressure (p < 0.04) before MedD treatment, and in High-Density Lipoprotein (p < 0.02) after MedD treatment, were observed. Moreover, a significant upregulation of Apolipoprotein E and Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme in females has been shown. Sex differences impact MedD treatment response, and influence the genetic expression of genes related to oxidative stress; our findings may help to personalize diet therapy and contribute to overall health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Di Renzo
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomics, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (L.D.R.); (P.G.)
| | - Paola Gualtieri
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomics, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (L.D.R.); (P.G.)
| | - Giulia Frank
- PhD School of Applied Medical-Surgical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
- School of Specialization in Food Science, University of Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Gemma Lou De Santis
- PhD School of Applied Medical-Surgical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Rossella Cianci
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Bigioni
- Department of Physics, University of Rome Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonino De Lorenzo
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomics, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (L.D.R.); (P.G.)
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21
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Notario-Barandiaran L, Irizar A, Begoña-Zubero M, Soler-Blasco R, Riutort-Mayol G, Fernández-Somoano A, Tardón A, Casas M, Vrijheid M, Meharg A, Carey M, Meharg C, Ralphs K, McCreanor C, Grimalt JO, Vioque J, Signes-Pastor AJ. Association between mediterranean diet and metal(loid) exposure in 4-5-year-old children living in Spain. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 233:116508. [PMID: 37392824 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Even relatively low levels of metals exposure may impact health, particularly among vulnerable populations such as infants and young children. However, little is known about the interplay between simultaneous metal exposures, common in real-life scenarios, and their association with specific dietary patterns. In this study, we have evaluated the association between adherence to Mediterranean diet (MD) and urinary metal concentrations individually and as an exposure mixture in 713 children aged 4-5-years from the INMA cohort study. We used a validated food frequency questionnaire to calculate two MD indexes scores: aMED and rMED. These indexes gather information on various food groups within the MD and score differently. To measure urinary concentrations of cobalt, copper, zinc, molybdenum, selenium, lead, and cadmium as exposure biomarkers, we used inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), coupled with an ion chromatography (IC) equipment for arsenic speciation analysis. We applied linear regression and quantile g-computation, adjusted for confounders, to analyse the association between MD adherence and exposure to the metal mixture. High adherence to MD such as the quintile (Q) 5 MD was associated with higher urinary arsenobetaine (AsB) levels than Q1, with β values of 0.55 (confidence interval - CI 95% 0.01; 1.09) for aMED and 0.73 (CI 95% 0.13; 1.33) for rMED. Consumption of fish was associated with increased urinary AsB but reduced inorganic arsenic concentrations. In contrast, the aMED vegetables consumption increased urinary inorganic arsenic content. A moderate level of adherence to MD (Q2 and Q3) was associated with lower copper urinary concentrations than Q1, with β values of -0.42 (CI 95% -0.72; -0.11) for Q2 and -0.33 (CI 95% -0.63; -0.02) for Q3, but only with aMED. Our study, conducted in Spain, revealed that adhering to the MD reduces exposure to certain metals while increasing exposure to others. Specifically, we observed increase in exposure to non-toxic AsB, highlighting the significance of consuming fish/seafood. However, it is crucial to emphasize the necessity for additional efforts in reducing early-life exposure to toxic metals, even when adhering to certain food components of the MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Notario-Barandiaran
- Unidad de Epidemiología de La Nutrición, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain.
| | - A Irizar
- Biodonostia, Health Research Institute, Donostia, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - M Begoña-Zubero
- Biodonostia, Health Research Institute, Donostia, Gipuzkoa, Spain; Preventive Medicine and Public Health Department, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - R Soler-Blasco
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Department of Nursing, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - G Riutort-Mayol
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Fernández-Somoano
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Epidemiología Molecular Del Cáncer, Instituto Universitario de Oncología Del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33001, Oviedo, Spain
| | - A Tardón
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Epidemiología Molecular Del Cáncer, Instituto Universitario de Oncología Del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33001, Oviedo, Spain
| | - M Casas
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain; Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Vrijheid
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain; Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Meharg
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - M Carey
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - C Meharg
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - K Ralphs
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - C McCreanor
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - J O Grimalt
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona Street, 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Cataluña, Spain
| | - J Vioque
- Unidad de Epidemiología de La Nutrición, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - A J Signes-Pastor
- Unidad de Epidemiología de La Nutrición, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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22
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Warren KR, Parker EA, Ganjavi M, Watkins-Lewis K, Clark S, Randolph Cunningham S, Hancock Y. Peer-Led Focus Groups Identify Barriers to Healthy Lifestyle in African American Adolescents from Baltimore City. Ethn Dis 2023; 33:163-169. [PMID: 38854412 PMCID: PMC11155622 DOI: 10.18865/ed.33.4.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Black youth are disproportionately affected by the US obesity epidemic. Early-age obesity often continues into adulthood and is associated with a higher risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and premature death. Few studies have incorporated community-based participatory research (CBPR) facilitated by youth to provide frank discussions among teens living in inner cities about challenges and facilitators in maintaining a healthy weight and to design teen-identified interventions. Design Black youth (n=10) were recruited from a Baltimore City high school during the 2019 to 2020 academic year and were trained by seasoned investigators and mentored by graduate and undergraduate students on qualitative methods using CBPR. These youth then implemented focus groups with their peers aged 15 to 18 years (10 focus groups of 10 teens each). Topics included healthy lifestyle knowledge, behaviors, attitudes, and suggested interventions. Content analyses were conducted using dual-rater techniques. Results Focus group themes yielded strengths and challenges of weight maintenance for Black youth at various levels, including in their personal lives, families, school, and community. Themes also suggested several technology-based possibilities using social media to reach Black youth about healthy living practices. Conclusions Engagement of Black youth in CBPR projects can yield valuable data to design more culturally responsive and developmentally appropriate interventions. Youth are competent collectors of information to identify needed changes in their schools/communities and about the use of technology/social media to facilitate improved health practices among their peers and should be involved early in the process of developing targeted obesity prevention interventions and/or programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maryam Ganjavi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Sarah Clark
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
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Cattaneo C, Mambrini SP, Gilardini L, Scacchi M, Pagliarini E, Bertoli S. Impact of 4-week of a restricted Mediterranean diet on taste perception, anthropometric, and blood parameters in subjects with severe obesity. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1196157. [PMID: 37693245 PMCID: PMC10485378 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1196157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The study of taste functionality and its relation to human health is receiving growing attention. Obesity has been reported to cause alterations in sensory perception regarding system functionality and preferences. However, a small body of research addresses tastes perception and its modification with the achievement of body mass reduction through surgical intervention. Much fewer efforts have been made to evaluate the impact of mild restrictive nutritional intervention on gustatory functions. Thus, the objectives of this study were to determine if a dietary intervention of 4 weeks following a restricted balanced Mediterranean diet would affect the sweet and salty taste thresholds of subjects with severe obesity and could influence their anthropometric and blood parameters. Methods Fifty-one patients with severe obesity (F: 31; age: 43.7 ± 12.5; BMI = 47.6 ± 1.0) were enrolled in the study. The recognition threshold for sweet and salty taste and anthropometric and blood parameters were assessed before and after the 4-week weight loss program. Results and Discussion The Mediterranean diet has proven to be an effective treatment, significantly improving all anthropometric and blood parameters (p < 0.05) after 4 weeks of intervention. Moreover, the hypo-sodium treatment associated with the diet significantly improved the salty threshold (p < 0.001). No changes were detected for the sweet threshold. Collectively, these data highlight that dietary treatment might impact taste perception differently. Therefore, a taste-oriented nutritional intervention could represent a novel approach to developing more individualized, taste-oriented follow-up interventions to maintain sustainable and long-term weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Cattaneo
- Sensory & Consumer Science Lab (SCS_Lab), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Paola Mambrini
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Laboratory of Metabolic Research, S. Giuseppe Hospital, Piancavallo, Italy
| | - Luisa Gilardini
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Obesity Unit – Laboratory of Nutrition and Obesity Research, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Scacchi
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Laboratory of Metabolic Research, S. Giuseppe Hospital, Piancavallo, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ella Pagliarini
- Sensory & Consumer Science Lab (SCS_Lab), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Bertoli
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Obesity Unit – Laboratory of Nutrition and Obesity Research, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Milan, Italy
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24
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Aljehani R, Aljehani G, Alharazi H, Horta PM, Kümmel Duarte C, Ghisi GLDM. The Mediterranean Diet Scale (MDS): Translation and validation of the Arabic version. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287497. [PMID: 37616224 PMCID: PMC10449107 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The self-administered version of the Mediterranean Diet Scale (MDS) has been developed to test the inherent characteristics of this dietary pattern in a quick and simple way, due to the need of this assessment in the clinical and research setting. This study aimed to translate and psychometrically validate the self-administered MDS in Arabic (CRBS-A). METHODS The original (English) version was originally translated to Arabic, followed by back-translation. Next, 10 healthcare providers, followed by 10 cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients rated the face and content validity (CV) of materials, providing input to improve cross-cultural applicability. Then, 200 patients from Saudi Arabia completed the questionnaire, of which factor structure, internal consistency, criterion and construct validity were assessed. RESULTS Content and face validity was supported based on experts and patients' reviews (ranges: CV scores 0.9-1.0/1.0 and clarity 3.5 to 4.5/5). Minor edits were made. Subsequent factor analysis revealed 4 factors consistent with the original version of the instrument, all internally consistent. Total CRBS-A α was 0.74. Criterion validity was confirmed by the significantly higher scores in patients who participated in CR. Construct validity was also established by significant associations between MDS scores and monthly family income, having the diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome or with a history of valve repair or replacement, being obese or having dyslipidemia. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these results confirm the validity and reliability of the MDS in Arabic-speaking patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghdah Aljehani
- Rehabilitation Department, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghaidaa Aljehani
- Rehabilitation Department, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanaa Alharazi
- Cardiology Department, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Paula M. Horta
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Camila Kümmel Duarte
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Lima de Melo Ghisi
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- KITE, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
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25
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Pieroni A, Morini G, Piochi M, Sulaiman N, Kalle R, Haq SM, Devecchi A, Franceschini C, Zocchi DM, Migliavada R, Prakofjewa J, Sartori M, Krigas N, Ahmad M, Torri L, Sõukand R. Bitter Is Better: Wild Greens Used in the Blue Zone of Ikaria, Greece. Nutrients 2023; 15:3242. [PMID: 37513661 PMCID: PMC10385191 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study reports an ethnobotanical field investigation of traditionally gathered and consumed wild greens (Chorta) in one of the five so-called Blue Zones in the world: Ikaria Isle, Greece. Through 31 semi-structured interviews, a total of 56 wild green plants were documented along with their culinary uses, linguistic labels, and locally perceived tastes. Most of the gathered greens were described as bitter and associated with members of Asteraceae and Brassicaceae botanical families (31%), while among the top-quoted wild greens, species belonging to these two plant families accounted for 50% of the wild vegetables, which were consumed mostly cooked. Cross-cultural comparison with foraging in other areas of the central-eastern Mediterranean and the Near East demonstrated a remarkable overlapping of Ikarian greens with Cretan and Sicilian, as well as in the prevalence of bitter-tasting botanical genera. Important differences with other wild greens-related food heritage were found, most notably with the Armenian and Kurdish ones, which do not commonly feature many bitter greens. The proven role of extra-oral bitter taste receptors in the modulation of gastric emptying, glucose absorption and crosstalk with microbiota opens new ways of looking at these differences, in particular with regard to possible health implications. The present study is also an important attempt to preserve and document the bio-cultural gastronomic heritage of Chorta as a quintessential part of the Mediterranean diet. The study recommends that nutritionists, food scientists, and historians, as well as policymakers and practitioners, pay the required attention to traditional rural dietary systems as models of sustainable health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pieroni
- University of Gastronomic Sciences, Piazza Vittorio Emanuele II 9, 12042 Pollenzo, Italy
- Department of Medical Analysis, Tishk International University, Erbil 44001, Iraq
| | - Gabriella Morini
- University of Gastronomic Sciences, Piazza Vittorio Emanuele II 9, 12042 Pollenzo, Italy
| | - Maria Piochi
- University of Gastronomic Sciences, Piazza Vittorio Emanuele II 9, 12042 Pollenzo, Italy
| | - Naji Sulaiman
- University of Gastronomic Sciences, Piazza Vittorio Emanuele II 9, 12042 Pollenzo, Italy
- Department of Ethnology, Charles University, 116 38 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Raivo Kalle
- University of Gastronomic Sciences, Piazza Vittorio Emanuele II 9, 12042 Pollenzo, Italy
- Estonian Literary Museum, Vanemuise 42, 51003 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Shiekh Marifatul Haq
- Department of Ethnobotany, Institute of Botany, Ilia State University, 0162 Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Andrea Devecchi
- University of Gastronomic Sciences, Piazza Vittorio Emanuele II 9, 12042 Pollenzo, Italy
| | - Cinzia Franceschini
- University of Gastronomic Sciences, Piazza Vittorio Emanuele II 9, 12042 Pollenzo, Italy
| | - Dauro M Zocchi
- University of Gastronomic Sciences, Piazza Vittorio Emanuele II 9, 12042 Pollenzo, Italy
| | - Riccardo Migliavada
- University of Gastronomic Sciences, Piazza Vittorio Emanuele II 9, 12042 Pollenzo, Italy
| | - Julia Prakofjewa
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia, Italy
| | - Matteo Sartori
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia, Italy
| | - Nikos Krigas
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Luisa Torri
- University of Gastronomic Sciences, Piazza Vittorio Emanuele II 9, 12042 Pollenzo, Italy
| | - Renata Sõukand
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia, Italy
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Fan K, Li Y, Fu Q, Wang J, Lin Y, Qiu L, Ran L, Yang J, Yang C. Bio-Assay-Guided Isolation of Fractions and Constituents with Antioxidant and Lipid-lowering Activity from Allium cepa. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1448. [PMID: 37507986 PMCID: PMC10376131 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Active fractions and constituents with antioxidant and lipid-lowering activities were investigated using bio-assay-guided isolation and identification. The data showed that the antioxidant fraction of A. cepa was AC50%, the main constituents of which were quercetin and isoquercitrin, by way of both ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) and bio-assay-guided purification and elucidation. Similarly, the lipid-lowering active fraction of A. cepa was AC30% with the main constituents of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid and quercetin 3,4'-O-diglucoside. Also, bio-assay-guided isolation led to the isolation and identification of five known compounds with a purity of more than 98%, and quercetin was both the best free radical scavenger and lipid-lowering constituent. Moreover, the mechanism of the lipid-lowering effect of AC30% might be its reduction in mRNA expression levels of sterol regulatory element binding protein 2 (SREBP2) and FAS gene in lipid synthesis. Otherwise, reducing the mRNA expression level of lipid synthesis genes, including SREBP1, SREBP2, fatty acid synthetase (FASN), β-Hydroxy β-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMGCR), stearoyl CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), and increasing the mRNA expression level of lipid decomposition gene, such as carnitine palmitoyl transferease-1 (CPT1), might be involved in the lipid-lowering activity of quercetin. This study suggested that Allium cepa might be used to prevent and treat oxidative stress and dislipidemia-related disorders, including NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kongming Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Material Medica, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637100, China
- Innovative Platform of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637100, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Material Medica, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637100, China
| | - Qiaofeng Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Material Medica, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637100, China
| | - Jinmin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Material Medica, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637100, China
| | - Yong Lin
- School of Public Health, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637100, China
| | - Linyu Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Material Medica, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637100, China
| | - Li Ran
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Material Medica, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637100, China
| | - Junli Yang
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chunyan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Material Medica, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637100, China
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Zuzarte M, Girão H, Salgueiro L. Aromatic Plant-Based Functional Foods: A Natural Approach to Manage Cardiovascular Diseases. Molecules 2023; 28:5130. [PMID: 37446792 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aromatic plants and their essential oils have shown beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system and, therefore, are potential raw materials in the development of functional foods. However, despite their undeniable potential, essential oils present several limitations that need to be addressed, such as stability, poor solubility, undesirable sensory effects, and low bioavailability. The present review provides a current state-of-the-art on the effects of volatile extracts obtained from aromatic plants on the cardiovascular system and focuses on major challenges that need to be addressed to increase their use in food products. Moreover, strategies underway to overcome these limitations are pointed out, thus anticipating a great appreciation of these extracts in the functional food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Zuzarte
- University Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- University Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Henrique Girão
- University Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- University Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lígia Salgueiro
- University Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- University Coimbra, Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre (CIEPQPF), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
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Pelczyńska M, Moszak M, Wesołek A, Bogdański P. The Preventive Mechanisms of Bioactive Food Compounds against Obesity-Induced Inflammation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1232. [PMID: 37371961 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary patterns are promising strategies for preventing and treating obesity and its coexisting inflammatory processes. Bioactive food compounds have received considerable attention due to their actions against obesity-induced inflammation, with limited harmful side effects. They are perceived as food ingredients or dietary supplements other than those necessary to meet basic human nutritional needs and are responsible for positive changes in the state of health. These include polyphenols, unsaturated fatty acids, and probiotics. Although the exact mechanisms of bioactive food compounds' action are still poorly understood, studies have indicated that they involve the modulation of the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, adipokines, and hormones; regulate gene expression in adipose tissue; and modify the signaling pathways responsible for the inflammatory response. Targeting the consumption and/or supplementation of foods with anti-inflammatory potential may represent a new approach to obesity-induced inflammation treatment. Nevertheless, more studies are needed to evaluate strategies for bioactive food compound intake, especially times and doses. Moreover, worldwide education about the advantages of bioactive food compound consumption is warranted to limit the consequences of unhealthy dietary patterns. This work presents a review and synthesis of recent data on the preventive mechanisms of bioactive food compounds in the context of obesity-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pelczyńska
- Chair and Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 84 Szamarzewskiego Street, 60-569 Poznań, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Moszak
- Chair and Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 84 Szamarzewskiego Street, 60-569 Poznań, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wesołek
- Chair and Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 84 Szamarzewskiego Street, 60-569 Poznań, Poland
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 10 Fredry Street, 61-701 Poznań, Poland
| | - Paweł Bogdański
- Chair and Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 84 Szamarzewskiego Street, 60-569 Poznań, Poland
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29
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Amoah I, Ascione A, Muthanna FMS, Feraco A, Camajani E, Gorini S, Armani A, Caprio M, Lombardo M. Sustainable Strategies for Increasing Legume Consumption: Culinary and Educational Approaches. Foods 2023; 12:foods12112265. [PMID: 37297509 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Legumes are nutrient-dense crops with health-promoting benefits. However, several barriers are associated with their consumption. Emerging issues including food neophobic tendencies or taboos, unclear dietary guidelines on legume consumption, health concerns, and socio-economic reasons, as well as long cooking procedures, adversely affect legume consumption frequency. Pre-treatment methods, including soaking, sprouting, and pulse electric field technology, are effective in reducing the alpha-oligosaccharides and other anti-nutritional factors, eventually lowering cooking time for legumes. Extrusion technology used for innovative development of legume-enriched products, including snacks, breakfast cereals and puffs, baking and pasta, represents a strategic way to promote legume consumption. Culinary skills such as legume salads, legume sprouts, stews, soups, hummus, and the development of homemade cake recipes using legume flour could represent effective ways to promote legume consumption. This review aims to highlight the nutritional and health effects associated with legume consumption, and strategies to improve their digestibility and nutritional profile. Additionally, proper educational and culinary approaches aimed to improve legumes intake are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Amoah
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi 0023351, Ghana
| | - Angela Ascione
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Fares M S Muthanna
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Science and Technology-Aden, Alshaab Street, Enmaa City 22003, Yemen
| | - Alessandra Feraco
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, San Raffaele Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Camajani
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, San Raffaele Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Gorini
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, San Raffaele Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Armani
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, San Raffaele Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Caprio
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, San Raffaele Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Lombardo
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
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Wu Y, Xie Y, Yuan Y, Xiong R, Hu Y, Ning K, Ha J, Wang W, Han X, He M. The Mediterranean Diet and Age-Related Eye Diseases: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:2043. [PMID: 37432187 PMCID: PMC10181476 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet (MD) is a healthy diet pattern that can prevent chronic age-related diseases, especially age-related eye diseases (AREDs) including cataract, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR) and dry eye syndrome (DES). In this study, we systematically reviewed studies in the literature that had reported associations between adherence to the MD and the five above-mentioned AREDs. Randomized controlled trials as well as prospective and retrospective observational studies were included; 1164 studies were identified, of which 1, 2, 9, 2 and 4 studies met our eligibility criteria for cataract, glaucoma, AMD, DR, and DES, respectively. According to these studies, higher MD adherence was associated with reduced risks of incident DR, incident AMD and progression to late AMD, but whether early and neovascular AMD could be alleviated remained to be debated. The results regarding the effects of the MD on DES were mixed, with three studies reporting an associations between MD and decreased severity or incidence of DES, whereas one study reported the opposite. No significant associations were observed between the MD and cataract or glaucoma. Generally, convincing evidence suggested a protective effect of the MD against AMD and DR. However, the evidence for cataract, glaucoma, and DES was less conclusive, and high-quality studies are needed for comprehensive evaluations of the potential benefits of MD on these eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou 510060, China; (Y.W.); (Y.Y.); (R.X.); (M.H.)
| | - Ye Xie
- Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (Y.X.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yixiong Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou 510060, China; (Y.W.); (Y.Y.); (R.X.); (M.H.)
| | - Ruilin Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou 510060, China; (Y.W.); (Y.Y.); (R.X.); (M.H.)
| | - Yuxin Hu
- Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (Y.X.); (Y.H.)
| | - Kang Ning
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China;
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Jason Ha
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia;
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou 510060, China; (Y.W.); (Y.Y.); (R.X.); (M.H.)
| | - Xiaotong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou 510060, China; (Y.W.); (Y.Y.); (R.X.); (M.H.)
| | - Mingguang He
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou 510060, China; (Y.W.); (Y.Y.); (R.X.); (M.H.)
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia;
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
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López-Gil JF, García-Hermoso A, Smith L, Gallego A, Victoria-Montesinos D, Ezzatvar Y, Hershey MS, Gutiérrez-Espinoza H, Mesas AE, Jiménez-López E, Sánchez-Miguel PA, López-Benavente A, Moreno-Galarraga L, Chen S, Brazo-Sayavera J, Fernandez-Montero A, Alcaraz PE, Panisello Royo JM, Tárraga-López PJ, Kales SN. A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial of the Archena Infancia Saludable Project on 24-h Movement Behaviors and Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet among Schoolchildren: A Pilot Study Protocol. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10040738. [PMID: 37189987 DOI: 10.3390/children10040738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this paper is to describe the protocol of pilot cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) that will evaluate the effects of a lifestyle-based intervention. The Archena Infancia Saludable project will have several objectives. The primary objective of this project is to determine the 6-month effects of a lifestyle-based intervention on adherence to 24-h movement behaviors and Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) in schoolchildren. The secondary objective of this project is to test the intervention effects of this lifestyle-based intervention on a relevant set of health-related outcomes (i.e., anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, perceived physical fitness, sleep habits, and academic performance). The tertiary objective is to investigate this intervention's "halo" effect on parents'/guardians' 24-h movement behaviors and adherence to the MedDiet. Methods: The Archena Infancia Saludable trial will be a cluster RCT submitted to the Clinical Trials Registry. The protocol will be developed according to SPIRIT guidelines for RCTs and CONSORT statement extension for cluster RCTs. A total of 153 eligible parents/guardians with schoolchildren aged 6-13 years will be randomized into an intervention group or a control group. This project focuses on two fundamental pillars: 24-h movement behaviors and MedDiet. It will mainly focus on the relationship between parents/guardians and their children. Behavior change strategies for dietary and 24-h movement behaviors in schoolchildren will be based on healthy lifestyle education for parents/guardians through infographics, video recipes, brief video clips, and videos. Conclusions: Most of the current knowledge on 24-h movement behaviors and adherence to the MedDiet is based on cross-sectional or longitudinal cohort studies, warranting a need to design and conduct RCTs to obtain more robust evidence on the effect of a healthy lifestyle program to increase 24-h movement behaviors and to improve adherence to the MedDiet in schoolchildren.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Francisco López-Gil
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02138, USA
- One Health Research Group, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170124, Ecuador
| | - Antonio García-Hermoso
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Lee Smith
- Centre for Health, Performance and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK
| | - Alejandra Gallego
- Department of Applied Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Yasmin Ezzatvar
- Department of Nursing, Universitat de València, 46007 Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria S Hershey
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02138, USA
| | | | - Arthur Eumann Mesas
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), 16071 Cuenca, Spain
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Estela Jiménez-López
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), 16071 Cuenca, Spain
| | - Pedro Antonio Sánchez-Miguel
- Grupo Análisis Comportamental de la Actividad Física y el Deporte (ACAFYDE), Departamento de Didáctica de la Expresión Musical, Plástica y Corporal, Facultad de Formación del Profesorado, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Alba López-Benavente
- Departamento de Expresión Plástica, Musical y Dinámica, Facultad de Educación, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Spain
| | - Laura Moreno-Galarraga
- IdiSNA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Servicio Navarro de Salud, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sitong Chen
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne 8001, Australia
| | - Javier Brazo-Sayavera
- PDU EFISAL, Centro Universitario Regional Noreste, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Rivera 40000, Uruguay
- Department of Sports and Computer Science, Universidad Pablo de Olavide (UPO), 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Alejandro Fernandez-Montero
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02138, USA
- IdiSNA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Pedro Emilio Alcaraz
- Research Center for High Performance Sport, San Antonio Catholic University of Murcia, 30830 Murcia, Spain
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, San Antonio Catholic University of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Pedro J Tárraga-López
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), 02008 Albacete, Spain
| | - Stefanos N Kales
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02138, USA
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32
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Pan L, Shi K, Lv J, Pang Y, Guo Y, Pei P, Du H, Millwood I, Yang L, Chen Y, Gao R, Yang X, Avery D, Chen J, Yu C, Chen Z, Li L. Association of dietary patterns, circulating lipid profile, and risk of obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:1445-1454. [PMID: 37037666 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to simultaneously explore the associations of major dietary patterns (DP) with lipid profiles and the associations of these profiles with general and central obesity risks and to evaluate the extent to which the metabolites mediate such associations. METHODS Habitual food consumption of 4778 participants with an average age of 47.0 from the China Kadoorie Biobank was collected using a 12-item food frequency questionnaire. Plasma samples were analyzed via targeted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to quantify 129 lipid-related metabolites. Anthropometric information was measured by trained staff. RESULTS Two DPs were derived by factor analysis. The newly affluent southern pattern was characterized by high intakes of rice, meat, poultry, and fish, whereas the balanced pattern was characterized by consuming meat, poultry, fish, fresh fruit, fresh vegetables, dairy, eggs, and soybean. The newly affluent southern pattern was positively associated with 45 metabolites, which were positively associated with risks of obesity at the same time. The global lipid profile potentially explained 30.9%, 34.7%, and 53.1% of the effects of this DP on general obesity, waist circumference-defined central obesity, and waist-hip ratio-defined central obesity, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The newly affluent southern pattern points to an altered lipid profile, which showed higher general and central obesity risks. These findings partly suggest the biological mechanism for the obesogenic effects of this DP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing, China
| | - Kexiang Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanjie Pang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Pei
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing, China
| | - Huaidong Du
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Iona Millwood
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ling Yang
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yiping Chen
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ruqin Gao
- Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Daniel Avery
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Junshi Chen
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Canqing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing, China
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Marsall M, Engelmann G, Teufel M, Bäuerle A. Exploring the Applicability of General Dietary Recommendations for People Affected by Obesity. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071604. [PMID: 37049445 PMCID: PMC10097167 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Obesity has emerged as a major public health challenge with increasing prevalence globally. The General Dietary Behavior Inventory (GDBI) was developed based on official dietary recommendations. However, little is known about whether general dietary recommendations also apply to people affected by obesity and whether the GDBI can be used appropriately. (2) A cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 458 people meeting the inclusion criteria participated in the study. The assessment consisted of the GDBI and behavioral, dietary, and health-related variables. We used descriptive analysis to examine the item characteristics of the GDBI and inferential statistics to investigate the associations between the GDBI score and behavioral, dietary, and health-related outcomes. (3) Several items of the GDBI were concerned by ceiling effects. A higher GDBI score (indicating a higher adherence to dietary recommendations) was related to higher age, higher nutrition knowledge, more restrained eating behavior, lower impulsivity, and higher body mass index. There were no associations between the GDBI score and reported physical and mental health or quality of life. (4) The GDBI showed inconsistent relationships with the study outcomes. General dietary recommendations do not appear to be applicable to people with obesity. Hence, there is an urgent need for specific recommendations and subsequent assessments of behavioral adherence for people affected by obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Marsall
- Institute for Patient Safety (IfPS), University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Gerrit Engelmann
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Duisburg-Essen, LVR-University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Teufel
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Duisburg-Essen, LVR-University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Alexander Bäuerle
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Duisburg-Essen, LVR-University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
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Abenavoli L, Scarlata GGM, Scarpellini E, Boccuto L, Spagnuolo R, Tilocca B, Roncada P, Luzza F. Metabolic-Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease and Gut Microbiota: From Fatty Liver to Dysmetabolic Syndrome. Medicina (B Aires) 2023; 59:medicina59030594. [PMID: 36984595 PMCID: PMC10054528 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59030594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic-dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is the recent nomenclature designation that associates the condition of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with metabolic dysfunction. Its diagnosis has been debated in the recent period and is generally associated with a diagnosis of steatosis and at least one pathologic condition among overweight/obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and metabolic dysregulation. Its pathogenesis is defined by a “multiple-hit” model and is associated with alteration or dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. The pathogenic role of dysbiosis of the gut microbiota has been investigated in many diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and NAFLD. However, only a few works correlate it with MAFLD, although common pathogenetic links to these diseases are suspected. This review underlines the most recurrent changes in the gut microbiota of patients with MAFLD, while also evidencing possible pathogenetic links.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovico Abenavoli
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0961-369-4387
| | | | - Emidio Scarpellini
- Translationeel Onderzoek van Gastro-enterologische Aandoeningen (T.A.R.G.I.D.), Gasthuisberg University Hospital, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luigi Boccuto
- School of Nursing, Healthcare Genetics Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
- School of Health Research, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Rocco Spagnuolo
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Bruno Tilocca
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Paola Roncada
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Luzza
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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Saiyi Wang, Wen J, Miao D, Sun Z, Li D, Pan E. Mediating effect of BMI on the relation of dietary patterns and glycemic control inT2DM patients: results from China community-based cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:468. [PMID: 36899345 PMCID: PMC10007773 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14856-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the effects of different dietary types on in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and determine the mediating effects of Body Mass Index (BMI) on dietary type with Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG), Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) on the associations in T2DM. METHODS Data of community-based cross-sectional study with 9602 participants including 3623 men and 5979 women were collected from the project 'Comprehensive Research in prevention and Control of Diabetes mellitus (CRPCD)' conducted by Jiangsu Center for Disease Control and Prevention in 2018. The dietary data were collected from a food frequency qualitative questionnaire (FFQ) and dietary patterns were derived through Latent Class Analysis (LCA). Then, Logistics regression analyses were used to evaluate the associations of FPG, HbA1c with different dietary patterns. The BMI (BMI = height/weight2) was used as a moderator to estimate the mediating effect. Mediation analysis was performed using hypothetical variables, the mediation variables, to identify and explain the observed mechanism of association between the independent and dependent variables while the moderation effect was tested with multiple regression analysis with interaction terms. RESULTS After completing Latent Class Analysis (LCA), the dietary patterns were divided into three categories: TypeI, TypeII, TypeIII. After adjusting for confounding factors such as gender, age, education level, marital status, family income, smoking, drinking, disease course, HDL-C, LDL-C, TC, TG, oral hypoglycemic drugs, insulin therapy, Hypertension, Coronary heart disease, Stroke, Type III were all significantly associated with HbA1c compared to those with Type I (P < 0.05), and the research showed the patients with Type III had High glycemic control rate. Taking type I as the reference level, the 95% Bootstrap confidence intervals of the relative mediating effect of TypeIII on FPG were (-0.039, -0.005), except 0, indicating that the relative mediating effect was significant (αIII = 0.346*, βIIIFPG = -0.060*). The mediating effect analysis was performed to demonstrate that BMI was used as a moderator to estimate the moderation effect. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that consuming Type III dietary patterns associates with good glycemic control in T2DM and the BMI associations would be playing a two-way effect between diet and FPG in Chinese population with T2DM, indicated that Type III could not only directly affect FPG, but also affect FPG through the mediating effect of BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiyi Wang
- Huai 'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huaian, 223001, China.,School of public health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Jinbo Wen
- Huai 'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huaian, 223001, China
| | - Dandan Miao
- Huai 'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huaian, 223001, China
| | - Zhongming Sun
- Huai 'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huaian, 223001, China
| | - Dianjiang Li
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Enchun Pan
- Huai 'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huaian, 223001, China. .,School of public health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China.
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Oliver Olid A, Moreno-Galarraga L, Moreno-Villares JM, Bibiloni MDM, Martínez-González MÁ, de la O V, Fernandez-Montero A, Martín-Calvo N. Breastfeeding Is Associated with Higher Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in a Spanish Population of Preschoolers: The SENDO Project. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051278. [PMID: 36904277 PMCID: PMC10005753 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether breastfeeding during the first months of life is associated with adherence to the Mediterranean dietary (MedDiet) pattern in preschool children. DESIGN The Seguimiento del Niño para un Desarrollo Óptimo (SENDO) project is an ongoing pediatric cohort with open recruitment, started in 2015 in Spain. Participants, recruited when they are 4 to 5 years old at their primary local health center or school, are followed annually through online questionnaires. For this study, 941 SENDO participants with full data on study variables were included. Breastfeeding history was collected retrospectively at baseline. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed with the KIDMED index (range -3 to 12). RESULTS After accounting for multiple sociodemographic and lifestyle confounders, including parental attitudes and knowledge about dietary recommendations for children, breastfeeding was independently associated with a higher adherence to the MedDiet. Compared with children who were never breastfed, children breastfed for ≥6 months had a one-point increase on their mean KIDMED score (Mean difference +0.93, 95%confidence interval [CI]. 0.52-1.34, p for trend <0.001). The odds ratio of high adherence to the MedDiet (KIDMED index ≥8) was 2.94 (95%CI 1.50-5.36) in children who were breastfed for at least 6 months, as compared to their peers who were never breastfeed. Children who were breastfed for less than 6 months exhibited intermediate levels of adherence (p for trend <0.01). CONCLUSION Breastfeeding for 6 months or longer is associated with a higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet during the preschool years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asier Oliver Olid
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Laura Moreno-Galarraga
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence: (L.M.-G.); (A.F.-M.); Tel.: +34-848429888 (L.M.-G.)
| | | | - Maria del Mar Bibiloni
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-González
- IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Víctor de la O
- IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Fernandez-Montero
- IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence: (L.M.-G.); (A.F.-M.); Tel.: +34-848429888 (L.M.-G.)
| | - Nerea Martín-Calvo
- IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Association between Family and School Pressures, Consumption of Ultra-Processed Beverages, and Obesity in Preadolescents: A School-Based Epidemiological Study. CHILDREN 2023; 10:children10030500. [PMID: 36980058 PMCID: PMC10047258 DOI: 10.3390/children10030500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was two-fold. Firstly, to evaluate the association between the consumption of ultra-processed beverages (UPB) on preadolescents’ likelihood of being obese. Secondly, to investigate the potential impact of family and school environmental stressors on this unhealthy lifestyle habit. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1718 Greek preadolescents and their parents, during the school years 2014 to 2016. Parental and child characteristics were collected anonymously, through self-administered and validated questionnaires. Among others, UPB consumption (soft and flavored drinks) was recorded, classifying children as low, moderate, or high consumers, while anthropometric characteristics [height, body weight, Body Mass Index (BMI)] were also recorded. Almost seven out of ten preadolescents were classified as at least moderate UPB consumers, while approximately three out of ten were classified as high UPB consumers. Higher UPB consumption was associated with significantly higher levels of BMI, while preadolescents living in a more stressful family and school environment were found to consume significantly higher amounts of UPB. Stakeholders should implement programs that raise awareness among parents and teachers about the sources of stress in preadolescence as a potential “triggering factor” of unhealthy dietary preferences.
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Mattas K, Raptou E, Alayidi A, Yener G, Baourakis G. Assessing the interlinkage between biodiversity and diet through the Mediterranean diet case. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:570-582. [PMID: 36997093 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The adoption of healthy and sustainable diets, and the transition to sustainable food systems is of principal importance in order to counteract the double burden of climate change and non-communicable diseases. The Mediterranean diet (MD) has been widely recognized as a biodiversity and healthy nutrition resource to support sustainable development and food security. This study explored biodiversity in terms of food plants species, subspecies, varieties and races, and also addressed food-plant diversity differences between the MD and western-type consumption patterns. It was funded by the EU BioValue Project, aiming to promote the integration of underutilized crops into the food value chains. Using a two-stage scheme, data were selected from MEDUSA and Euro+Med databases (including 449 species, 2,366 subspecies, varieties, and races). Furthermore, 12 countries from North Africa and Europe were classified in two groups according to their sub-regional attributes and their traditionally most prevalent dietary pattern (MD or western-type diets). Statistical analysis showed that the mean of the majorly cultivated food plants in the MD was significantly higher than its counterpart in the Western-diet. Furthermore, no statistical difference was detected in the averages of native food plants between the MD group and the Western diet group, implying that the higher diversity in food plants observed in the MD seems to be attributed to crop utilization rather than crop availability. Our findings indicated the interlinkage between biodiversity and prevailing dietary patterns, and further underlined that biodiversity could constitute a prerequisite for dietary diversity, and hence nutrition security. In addition, this study demonstrated that diets and nutrition should be approached in a broader way within the context of both agro-food and ecological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstadinos Mattas
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Elena Raptou
- Department of Agricultural Development, Democritus University of Thrace, Orestiada, Greece
| | - Ahmed Alayidi
- Department of Business Economics and Management, CIHEAM Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Chania, Greece
| | - Gizem Yener
- Department of Business Economics and Management, CIHEAM Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Chania, Greece
| | - George Baourakis
- CIHEAM Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Chania, Greece
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Dakanalis A, Mentzelou M, Papadopoulou SK, Papandreou D, Spanoudaki M, Vasios GK, Pavlidou E, Mantzorou M, Giaginis C. The Association of Emotional Eating with Overweight/Obesity, Depression, Anxiety/Stress, and Dietary Patterns: A Review of the Current Clinical Evidence. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051173. [PMID: 36904172 PMCID: PMC10005347 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Emotional eating is considered as the propensity to eat in response to emotions. It is considered as a critical risk factor for recurrent weight gain. Such overeating is able to affect general health due to excess energy intake and mental health. So far, there is still considerable controversy on the effect of the emotional eating concept. The objective of this study is to summarize and evaluate the interconnections among emotional eating and overweight/obesity, depression, anxiety/stress, and dietary patterns; (2) Methods: This is a thorough review of the reported associations among emotional eating and overweight/obesity, depression, anxiety/stress, and dietary patterns. We compressively searched the most precise scientific online databases, e.g., PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar to obtain the most up-to-date data from clinical studies in humans from the last ten years (2013-2023) using critical and representative keywords. Several inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied for scrutinizing only longitudinal, cross-sectional, descriptive, and prospective clinical studies in Caucasian populations; (3) Results: The currently available findings suggest that overeating/obesity and unhealthy eating behaviors (e.g., fast food consumption) are associated with emotional eating. Moreover, the increase in depressive symptoms seems to be related with more emotional eating. Psychological distress is also related with a greater risk for emotional eating. However, the most common limitations are the small sample size and their lack of diversity. In addition, a cross-sectional study was performed in the majority of them; (4) Conclusions: Finding coping mechanisms for the negative emotions and nutrition education can prevent the prevalence of emotional eating. Future studies should further explain the underlying mechanisms of the interconnections among emotional eating and overweight/obesity, depression, anxiety/stress, and dietary patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Dakanalis
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.D.); (C.G.)
| | - Maria Mentzelou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece
| | - Souzana K. Papadopoulou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Papandreou
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 144534, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maria Spanoudaki
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Clinical Dietetics & Nutrition Department of 424 General Military Hospital, New Efkarpia Ring Road, 56429 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios K. Vasios
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece
| | - Eleni Pavlidou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece
| | - Maria Mantzorou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece
| | - Constantinos Giaginis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece
- Correspondence: (A.D.); (C.G.)
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Brain N-Glycosylation and Lipidomic Profile Changes Induced by a High-Fat Diet in Dyslipidemic Hamsters. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032883. [PMID: 36769208 PMCID: PMC9918045 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of diets rich in saturated fats is known to be associated with higher mortality. The adoption of healthy habits, for instance adhering to a Mediterranean diet, has proved to exert a preventive effect towards cardiovascular diseases and dyslipidemia. Little is known about how a suboptimal diet can affect brain function, structure, and the mechanisms involved. The aims of this study were to examine how a high-fat diet can alter the brain N-glycan and lipid profile in male Golden Syrian hamsters and to evaluate the potential of a Mediterranean-like diet to reverse this situation. During twelve weeks, hamsters were fed a normal fat diet (CTRL group), a high-fat diet (HFD group), and a high-fat diet followed by a Mediterranean-like diet (MED group). Out of seventy-two identified N-glycans, fourteen were significant (p < 0.05) between HFD and CTRL groups, nine between MED and CTRL groups, and one between MED and HFD groups. Moreover, forty-nine lipids were altered between HFD and CTRL groups, seven between MED and CTRL groups, and five between MED and HFD groups. Our results suggest that brain N-glycan composition in high-fat diet-fed hamsters can produce events comparable to those found in some neurodegenerative diseases, and may promote brain ageing.
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Association between Food, Beverages and Overweight/Obesity in Children and Adolescents-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030764. [PMID: 36771470 PMCID: PMC9920526 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A healthy diet is essential to prevent childhood obesity, however, adherence to a healthy diet is challenging. The aim of this study was to give a comprehensive overview of the literature investigaating associations between food and beverages and overweight/obesity in children and adolescents in order to identify dietary risk factors. A systematic search was performed in four databases and observational studies were included. Meta-analysis was performed using the random effect model. Sixty records met inclusion criteria and 14 different food or beverage categories were identified. A higher intake of sugar-sweetened beverages increased the odds of overweight/obesity by 1.20 (p < 0.05) (n = 26) and higher intake of fast food increased the odds of overweight/obesity by 1.17 (p < 0.05) (n = 24). Furthermore, higher intake of meat (OR 1.02, p < 0.05 (n:7)) and refined grains (OR 1.28, p < 0.05 (n:3)) was associated with an increased risk of overweight/obesity. In contrast, higher intake of whole grain (OR 0.86, p = 0.04 (n:5)) and more surprisingly sweet bakery (OR 0.59, p < 0.05 (n:3)) was associated with a decreased risk of overweight/obesity. In conclusion, a higher intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and a higher intake of fast food was identified as the primary dietary risk factors for overweight/obesity. Future research is needed to strengthen the generalizability of these results.
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Jakobsen DD, Brader L, Bruun JM. Effects of foods, beverages and macronutrients on BMI z-score and body composition in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:1-15. [PMID: 35902429 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02966-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A healthy diet is fundamental for healthy growth and for future disease prevention. However, scientific consensus on how to compose healthy diets for children has not been established. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to investigate if an independent effect exists between foods, beverages or the composition of macronutrients and body composition in children and adolescents. METHODS A systematic search was performed in four databases up to July 2021. A systematic review of randomized controlled studies (RCTs) and meta-analyses were carried out by extracting mean difference (MDs) and standard deviation (SD) and performed using the random effect model. RESULTS Sixteen RCTs met inclusion criteria. Beyond dairy, sugar-sweetened beverages and macronutrient composition, no trials were identified for other food groups. Based on five RCTs (n:5), a higher-dairy diet was found to reduce body fat percentage - 0.47 [- 0.92, - 0.03] (p = 0.04). A higher-dairy diet was also found to increase lean body mass (kg) 0.34 [0.06, 0.62] (p = 0.02) (n:2), but did not affect BMI z-score - 0.05 [- 0.16, 0.06] (p = 0.39) (n:4). Substituting sugar-sweetened beverage with non-caloric beverages or flavored milk reduced body fat percentage (- 0.70 [- 0.78, - 0.62] (p < 0.001)) (n:3) but did not change BMI z-score (- 0.05 [- 0.20, 0.09] (p = 0.48)) (n:2). No significant effects were found between different macronutrient compositions and BMI z-score or body fat percentage. CONCLUSION Changes in diet from low to higher-dairy consumption and from sugar-sweetened beverages to non-caloric beverages or flavored milk resulted in favorable changes in body composition among children and adolescents. Eligible studies investigating other foods are lacking. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration number (CRD42020173201).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorthe Dalstrup Jakobsen
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Hedeager 3, 2. Floor, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark. .,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark. .,Danish National Center for Obesity, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Lea Brader
- Arla Innovation Centre, Global Nutrition, Agro Food Park 19, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Jens Meldgaard Bruun
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Hedeager 3, 2. Floor, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark.,Danish National Center for Obesity, Aarhus, Denmark.,Medical Department, Randers Regional Hospital, Randers, Denmark.,Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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43
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Gregory S, Pullen H, Ritchie CW, Shannon OM, Stevenson EJ, Muniz-Terrera G. Mediterranean diet and structural neuroimaging biomarkers of Alzheimer's and cerebrovascular disease: A systematic review. Exp Gerontol 2023; 172:112065. [PMID: 36529364 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.112065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated an association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and better cognitive performance, lower incidence of dementia and lower Alzheimer's disease biomarker burden. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the evidence base for MedDiet associations with hippocampal volume and white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHV). We searched systematically for studies reporting on MedDiet and hippocampal volume or WMHV in MedLine, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsycInfo. Searches were initially carried out on 21st July 2021 with final searches run on 23rd November 2022. Risk of bias was assessed using the NIH Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. Of an initial 112 papers identified, seven papers were eligible for inclusion in the review reporting on 21,933 participants. Four studies reported on hippocampal volume, with inconclusive or no associations seen with MedDiet adherence. Two studies found a significant association between higher MedDiet adherence and lower WMHV, while two other studies found no significant associations. Overall these results highlight a gap in our knowledge about the associations between the MedDiet and AD and cerebrovascular related structural neuroimaging findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Gregory
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Hannah Pullen
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Craig W Ritchie
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Brain Health Scotland, UK.
| | - Oliver M Shannon
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Human Nutrition Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Emma J Stevenson
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Human Nutrition Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Graciela Muniz-Terrera
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Social Medicine, Ohio University, OH, USA.
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Velluzzi F, Deledda A, Lombardo M, Fosci M, Crnjar R, Grossi E, Sollai G. Application of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to Elucidate the Connections among Smell, Obesity with Related Metabolic Alterations, and Eating Habit in Patients with Weight Excess. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020206. [PMID: 36837824 PMCID: PMC9959568 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a severe health problem linked to an increased risk of comorbidity and mortality and its etiopathogenesis includes genetic, epigenetic, microbiota composition, and environmental factors, such as dietary habits. The olfactory system plays an important role in controlling food intake and meal size, influencing body weight and energy balance. This study aims to identify the connection between olfactory function and clinical and nutritional aspects related to weight excess in a group of 68 patients with overweight or obesity. All participants underwent the evaluation of olfactory function, anthropometric data (weight, height, BMI, waist circumference), clinical data (hypertension, disglycemia, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome), and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (Mediterranean Diet Score). A fourth-generation artificial neural network data mining approach was used to uncover trends and subtle associations between variables. Olfactory tests showed that 65% of patients presented hyposmia. A negative correlation was found between olfactory scores and systolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, and triglycerides levels, but a positive correlation was found between olfactory scores and the Mediterranean diet score. The methodology of artificial neural networks and the semantic connectivity map "Auto-Contractive Map" highlighted the underlying scheme of the connections between the variables considered. In particular, hyposmia was linked to obesity and related metabolic alterations and the male sex. The female sex was connected with normosmia, higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and normal values of blood pressure, lipids, and glucose levels. These results highlight an inverse correlation between olfactory skills and BMI and show that a normosmic condition, probably because of greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet, seems to protect not only from an excessive increase in body weight but also from associated pathological conditions such as hypertension and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Velluzzi
- Obesity Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University Hospital of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Andrea Deledda
- Obesity Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University Hospital of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mauro Lombardo
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Fosci
- Obesity Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University Hospital of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Roberto Crnjar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Enzo Grossi
- Autism Research Unit, Villa Santa Maria Foundation, 22038 Tavernerio, Italy
| | - Giorgia Sollai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-070-6754160
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Nikitina MI, Santalova GV. Hyperlipidemia in children: Unsolved problems. ROSSIYSKIY VESTNIK PERINATOLOGII I PEDIATRII (RUSSIAN BULLETIN OF PERINATOLOGY AND PEDIATRICS) 2023. [DOI: 10.21508/1027-4065-2022-67-6-40-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The article presents literature review findings on the prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment of hyperlipidemia, including familial hypercholesterolemia in children. It is noted that the number of patients with hyperlipidemia continues to grow throughout the world. As before, hyperlipidemias are considered risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases and the cause of high mortality in different countries of the world. Attention is drawn to the possibility of atherosclerotic lesions of the heart vessels in young people and adolescents. Diseases in children (diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypothyroidism, renal pathology, etc.) have been noted, which necessitate diagnosing hyperlipidemia. There are no clear guidelines for pediatricians regarding cholesterol screening and timing of therapy initiation.
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Hanna AMR. Solving the Obesity Crisis in Older Adults with the Mediterranean Diet: Policy Brief. J Nutr Health Aging 2023; 27:966-971. [PMID: 37997717 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-023-1995-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic disease classified by excessive accumulation of fat which may impair health. The prevalence of obesity is increasing in most nations worldwide, both developed and developing. At the same time, the aging population is also growing worldwide. In the United States, approximately 38% of adults 60+ years old are obese, with similar trends in Canada and the United Kingdom. Obesity is associated with increased risk of death (mortality) and disease (morbidity) and carries specific risks for older adults, such disability and frailty. It also presents a financial burden. The Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) is an extensively studied healthy diet pattern which can be used to combat obesity in older populations. Specifically for older adults, the MedDiet has benefits over other common diets or weight-loss interventions. This policy brief provides suggestions specifically for the Canadian population, though they are general enough to be applied to other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M R Hanna
- Andrew M. R. Hanna, Aging and Health Program, Department of Rehabilitation Science, Queen's University, Louise D. Acton Building, 31 George St., Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Institution Main Phone: 613-533-6000, Author Institutional
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Exploring the Sustainable Benefits of Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010110. [PMID: 36615768 PMCID: PMC9824251 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and its effect on health and environmental and socioeconomic sustainability during the COVID-19 pandemic among a sample of the Italian population. Notably, it intended to assess the effect of adherence to the MedDiet on ecological footprints and food expenditure. A survey was conducted from the 5th to the 24th of April 2020 on Google Forms. The MEDAS questionnaire was used to determine the level of adherence to the MedDiet. The carbon footprint (CO2), water footprint (H2O), and food cost were calculated. In total, 3353 participants completed the questionnaire, ranging from 18 to 86 years old. A statistically significant difference was observed in the CO2 and H2O among BMI groups (p < 0.001). The low- and medium-MEDAS groups showed higher CO2 (p < 0.001). The food cost (EUR/week) resulted in statistically significant differences among the MEDAS groups. The CO2 results were significantly lower in organic-market buyers compared to non-organic-market buyers (p < 0.001). Public health must promote awareness of how adhering to a healthy lifestyle and making appropriate food choices can positively impact our health and social and economic well-being.
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Dietary polyphenols and their relationship to the modulation of non-communicable chronic diseases and epigenetic mechanisms: A mini-review. FOOD CHEMISTRY. MOLECULAR SCIENCES 2022; 6:100155. [PMID: 36582744 PMCID: PMC9793217 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2022.100155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) have been considered a global health problem, characterized as diseases of multiple factors, which are developed throughout life, and regardless of genetics as a risk factor of important relevance, the increase in mortality attributed to the disease to environmental factors and the lifestyle one leads. Although the reactive species (ROS/RNS) are necessary for several physiological processes, their overproduction is directly related to the pathogenesis and aggravation of NCDs. In contrast, dietary polyphenols have been widely associated with minimizing oxidative stress and inflammation. In addition to their antioxidant power, polyphenols have also drawn attention for being able to modulate both gene expression and modify epigenetic alterations, suggesting an essential involvement in the prevention and/or development of some pathologies. Therefore, this review briefly explained the mechanisms in the development of some NCDs, followed by a summary of some evidence related to the interaction of polyphenols in oxidative stress, as well as the modulation of epigenetic mechanisms involved in the management of NCDs.
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Key Words
- 8-oxodG, 8-oxo-2́deosyguanosine
- ABCG, ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily G Member
- ADAM10, α-secretase
- ADRB3, adrenoceptor Beta 3
- APP, amyloid-β precursor protein
- ARF, auxin response factor
- ARH-I, aplysia ras homology member I
- ARHGAP24, Rho GTPase Activating Protein 24
- ATF6, activating transcription factor 6
- ATP2A3, ATPase Sarcoplasmic/Endoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+ Transporting 3
- BCL2L14, apoptosis facilitator Bcl-2-like protein 14
- Bioactive compounds
- CDH1, cadherin-1
- CDKN, cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor
- CPT, carnitine palmitoyltransferase
- CREBH, cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein H
- DANT2, DXZ4 associated non-noding transcript 2, distal
- DAPK1, death-associated protein kinase 1
- DNA methylation
- DNMT, DNA methyltransferase
- DOT1L, disruptor of telomeric silencing 1-like
- EWASs, epigenome-wide association studies
- EZH2, Enhancer of zeste homolog 2
- FAS, Fas cell Surface Death Receptor
- GDNF, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor
- GFAP, glial fibrillary acid protein
- GSTP1, Glutathione S-transferases P1
- Gut microbiota modulation
- HAT, histone acetylases
- HDAC, histone deacetylases
- HSD11B2, 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2
- Histone modifications
- IGFBP3, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3
- IGT, impaired glucose tolerance
- KCNK3, potassium two pore domain channel subfamily K Member 3
- MBD4, methyl-CpG binding domain 4
- MGMT, O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase
- NAFLD, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- OCT1, Organic cation transporter 1
- OGG1, 8-Oxoguanine DNA Glycosylase
- Oxidative stress
- PAI-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1
- PHOSPHO1, Phosphoethanolamine/Phosphocholine Phosphatase 1
- PLIN1, perilipin 1
- POE3A, RNA polymerase III
- PPAR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
- PPARGC1A, PPARG coactivator 1 alpha
- PRKCA, Protein kinase C alpha
- PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homologue
- Personalized nutrition
- RASSF1A, Ras association domain family member 1
- SAH, S -adenosyl-l-homocysteine
- SAM, S-adenosyl-methionine
- SD, sleep deprivation
- SOCS3, suppressor of cytokine signaling 3
- SREBP-1C, sterol-regulatory element binding protein-1C
- TBX2, t-box transcription factor 2
- TCF7L2, transcription factor 7 like 2
- TET, ten-eleven translocation proteins
- TNNT2, cardiac muscle troponin T
- TPA, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate
- lncRNA, long non-coding RNA
- ncRNA, non-coding RNA
- oAβ-induced-LTP, oligomeric amyloid-beta induced long term potentiation
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Moore E, Fadel A, Lane KE. The effects of consuming a Mediterranean style diet on associated COVID-19 severity biomarkers in obese/overweight adults: A systematic review. Nutr Health 2022; 28:647-667. [PMID: 36131504 PMCID: PMC9494166 DOI: 10.1177/02601060221127853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background: COVID-19 severity is strongly associated with high Body Mass Index (BMI) (≥25kg/m2) amongst adults and elevated inflammatory markers have enabled prediction of disease progression. The composition of a Mediterranean diet provides favourable outcomes on weight reduction and inflammatory markers. Aim: This systematic review aimed to investigate the effects of consuming a Mediterranean diet on BMI and inflammatory markers of obese/overweight adults (≥18 years) at risk of developing severe COVID-19 outcomes. Methods: PubMed Central, Cochrane Library and MEDLINE databases were searched to identify randomised controlled trials published between January 2010 to August 2021 evaluating the impact of Mediterranean diet on BMI and inflammatory markers in overweight/obese adults. The review followed the PRISMA checklist, used Cochrane Collaboration search strategies, and is PROSPERO registered (CRD42021277070). Two authors independently screened and evaluated studies for methodological quality. Papers were extracted and included based eligibility, despite risk of bias scores. Results: Of 65 extracted records, six studies met the eligibility criteria and were included. Reductions in BMI, TNF-α, IL-6 and hs-CRP were reported amongst most findings, the majority of which were significant. Conclusion: The main findings indicate a hypocaloric, fibre dense Mediterranean diet is a short-term (<4 months) mitigation strategy to significantly reduce BMI and inflammatory markers amongst overweight/obese adults at risk of developing severe COVID-19 outcomes. Further research is now needed to examine the role of Mediterranean diet in COVID-19 prevalence, severity, morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Moore
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science,
School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores
University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Abdulmannan Fadel
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science,
School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores
University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Katie E. Lane
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science,
School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores
University, Liverpool, UK
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Poráčová J, Uher I, Vašková H, Kimáková T, Konečná M, Blaščáková MM, Sedlák V. Effectiveness of Adherence to a Mediterranean Diet in the Management of Overweight Women: The Prospective Interventional Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15927. [PMID: 36498001 PMCID: PMC9740687 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Evidence indicates that unhealthy eating habits constitute multilevel obstacles threatening health and well-being. Studies suggest that consumer choices have turned irremovably towards Western diets. The Mediterranean diet (MD) is considered one of the most effective in preventing and treating overweight and obesity, yet its results and associations are ambiguous. This explanatory research aims to examine the effect of the MD on anthropometric and biochemical variables in 181 females from an Eastern European country. The sample was divided into three distinct clusters based on age (tricenarian, quadragenarian, and quinquagenarian). Anthropometric and biochemical examinations in the three-month MD program plan failed to provide convincing evidence of the benefits of the MD on selected integrands. However, total body fat (FATP) values between groups showed a significant difference (p ≤ 0.032) between groups A and C (p ≤ 0.029), which can be attributed to the age of the cohort (30-39 vs. 50-60 years). Values in groups A and B (p ≤ 0.001) and C and A (p ≤ 0.001) were significant between the cohorts but did not indicate any changes in visceral fat (VFATL) in the individual groups. The presented findings can have implications for further investigation and the development of more comprehensive instruments, incorporating critical add-on constituents that will be appropriate to monitor, evaluate, and predict body weight management in experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janka Poráčová
- Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Prešov, 080 01 Prešov, Slovakia
| | - Ivan Uher
- Institute of Physical Education and Sport, Pavol Jozef Šafárika University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Hedviga Vašková
- Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Prešov, 080 01 Prešov, Slovakia
| | - Tatiana Kimáková
- Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Mária Konečná
- Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Prešov, 080 01 Prešov, Slovakia
| | | | - Vincent Sedlák
- Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Prešov, 080 01 Prešov, Slovakia
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