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Li Z, Hu Y, Yu C, Fei K, Shen L, Liu Y, Nakanishi H. Semi-rational engineering of D-allulose 3-epimerase for simultaneously improving the catalytic activity and thermostability based on D-allulose biosensor. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2400280. [PMID: 39167550 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202400280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND D-Allulose is one of the most well-known rare sugars widely used in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. The most popular method for D-allulose production is the conversion from D-fructose catalyzed by D-allulose 3-epimerase (DAEase). To address the general problem of low catalytic efficiency and poor thermostability of wild-type DAEase, D-allulose biosensor was adopted in this study to develop a convenient and efficient method for high-throughput screening of DAEase variants. RESULTS The catalytic activity and thermostability of DAEase from Caballeronia insecticola were simultaneously improved by semi-rational molecular modification. Compared with the wild-type enzyme, DAEaseS37N/F157Y variant exhibited 14.7% improvement in the catalytic activity and the half-time value (t1/2) at 65°C increased from 1.60 to 27.56 h by 17.23-fold. To our delight, the conversion rate of D-allulose was 33.6% from 500-g L-1 D-fructose in 1 h by Bacillus subtilis WB800 whole cells expressing this DAEase variant. Furthermore, the practicability of cell immobilization was evaluated and more than 80% relative activity of the immobilized cells was maintained from the second to seventh cycle. CONCLUSION All these results indicated that the DAEaseS37N/F157Y variant would be a potential candidate for the industrial production of D-allulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yangfan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kangqing Fei
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liqun Shen
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yishi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hideki Nakanishi
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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Xu J, Zhao Y, Tyler Mertens R, Ding Y, Xiao P. Sweet regulation - The emerging immunoregulatory roles of hexoses. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00157-7. [PMID: 38631430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is widely acknowledged that dietary habits have profound impacts on human health and diseases. As the most important sweeteners and energy sources in human diets, hexoses take part in a broad range of physiopathological processes. In recent years, emerging evidence has uncovered the crucial roles of hexoses, such as glucose, fructose, mannose, and galactose, in controlling the differentiation or function of immune cells. AIM OF REVIEW Herein, we reviewed the latest research progresses in the hexose-mediated modulation of immune responses, provided in-depth analyses of the underlying mechanisms, and discussed the unresolved issues in this field. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Owing to their immunoregulatory effects, hexoses affect the onset and progression of various types of immune disorders, including inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases, and tumor immune evasion. Thus, targeting hexose metabolism is becoming a promising strategy for reversing immune abnormalities in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Xu
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuening Zhao
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Yimin Ding
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; The Key Laboratory for Immunity and Inflammatory Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
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3
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Younes M, Aquilina G, Castle L, Degen G, Engel K, Fowler PJ, Frutos Fernandez MJ, Fürst P, Gundert‐Remy U, Gürtler R, Husøy T, Manco M, Mennes W, Moldeus P, Passamonti S, Shah R, Waalkens‐Berendsen I, Wright M, Batke M, Boon P, Bruzell E, Chipman J, Crebelli R, FitzGerald R, Fortes C, Halldorsson T, LeBlanc J, Lindtner O, Mortensen A, Ntzani E, Wallace H, Barmaz S, Civitella C, D'Angelo L, Lodi F, Laganaro M, Rincon AM, Smeraldi C, Tard A. Re-evaluation of erythritol (E 968) as a food additive. EFSA J 2023; 21:e8430. [PMID: 38125972 PMCID: PMC10731997 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This opinion addresses the re-evaluation of erythritol (E 968) as food additive and an application for its exemption from the laxative warning label requirement as established under Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011. Erythritol is a polyol obtained by fermentation with Moniliella pollinis BC or Moniliella megachiliensis KW3-6, followed by purifications and drying. Erythritol is readily and dose-dependently absorbed in humans and can be metabolised to erythronate to a small extent. Erythritol is then excreted unchanged in the urine. It does not raise concerns regarding genotoxicity. The dataset evaluated consisted of human interventional studies. The Panel considered that erythritol has the potential to cause diarrhoea in humans, which was considered adverse because its potential association with electrolyte and water imbalance. The lower bound of the range of no observed adverse effect levels (NOAELs) for diarrhoea of 0.5 g/kg body weight (bw) was identified as reference point. The Panel considered appropriate to set a numerical acceptable daily intake (ADI) at the level of the reference point. An ADI of 0.5 g/kg bw per day was considered by the Panel to be protective for the immediate laxative effect as well as potential chronic effects, secondary to diarrhoea. The highest mean and 95th percentile chronic exposure was in children (742 mg/kg bw per day) and adolescents (1532 mg/kg bw per day). Acute exposure was maximally 3531 mg/kg bw per meal for children at the 99th percentile. Overall, the Panel considered both dietary exposure assessments an overestimation. The Panel concluded that the exposure estimates for both acute and chronic dietary exposure to erythritol (E 968) were above the ADI, indicating that individuals with high intake may be at risk of experiencing adverse effects after single and repeated exposure. Concerning the new application, the Panel concluded that the available data do not support the proposal for exemption.
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Bae HR, Shin SK, Han Y, Yoo JH, Kim S, Young HA, Kwon EY. D-Allulose Ameliorates Dysregulated Macrophage Function and Mitochondrial NADH Homeostasis, Mitigating Obesity-Induced Insulin Resistance. Nutrients 2023; 15:4218. [PMID: 37836502 PMCID: PMC10574141 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
D-allulose, a rare sugar, has been proposed to have potential benefits in addressing metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the precise mechanisms underlying these effects remain poorly understood. We aimed to elucidate the mechanisms by which D-allulose influences obesity-induced insulin resistance. We conducted gene set enrichment analysis on the liver and white adipose tissue of mice exposed to a high-fat diet (HFD) along with the white adipose tissue of individuals with obesity. Our study revealed that D-allulose effectively suppressed IFN-γ, restored chemokine signaling, and enhanced macrophage function in the livers of HFD-fed mice. This implies that D-allulose curtails liver inflammation, alleviating insulin resistance and subsequently impacting adipose tissue. Furthermore, D-allulose supplementation improved mitochondrial NADH homeostasis and translation in both the liver and white adipose tissue of HFD-fed mice. Notably, we observed decreased NADH homeostasis and mitochondrial translation in the omental tissue of insulin-resistant obese subjects compared to their insulin-sensitive counterparts. Taken together, these results suggest that supplementation with allulose improves obesity-induced insulin resistance by mitigating the disruptions in macrophage and mitochondrial function. Furthermore, our data reinforce the crucial role that mitochondrial energy expenditure plays in the development of insulin resistance triggered by obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heekyong R. Bae
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Kyung Shin
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngji Han
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyeon Yoo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Suntae Kim
- Omixplus, LLC., Gaithersburg, MD 20850, USA
| | - Howard A. Young
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA;
| | - Eun-Young Kwon
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Center for Beautiful Aging, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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5
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Wencel PL, Blecharz-Klin K, Piechal A, Pyrzanowska J, Mirowska-Guzel D, Strosznajder RP. Fingolimod Modulates the Gene Expression of Proteins Engaged in Inflammation and Amyloid-Beta Metabolism and Improves Exploratory and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Obese Mice. Neurotherapeutics 2023; 20:1388-1404. [PMID: 37432552 PMCID: PMC10480137 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-023-01403-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is considered a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus, which has become one of the most important health problems, and is also linked with memory and executive function decline. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid that regulates cell death/survival and the inflammatory response via its specific receptors (S1PRs). Since the role of S1P and S1PRs in obesity is rather obscure, we examined the effect of fingolimod (an S1PR modulator) on the expression profile of genes encoding S1PRs, sphingosine kinase 1 (Sphk1), proteins engaged in amyloid-beta (Aβ) generation (ADAM10, BACE1, PSEN2), GSK3β, proapoptotic Bax, and proinflammatory cytokines in the cortex and hippocampus of obese/prediabetic mouse brains. In addition, we observed behavioral changes. Our results revealed significantly elevated mRNA levels of Bace1, Psen2, Gsk3b, Sphk1, Bax, and proinflammatory cytokines, which were accompanied by downregulation of S1pr1 and sirtuin 1 in obese mice. Moreover, locomotor activity, spatially guided exploratory behavior, and object recognition were impaired. Simultaneously, fingolimod reversed alterations in the expressions of the cytokines, Bace1, Psen2, and Gsk3b that occurred in the brain, elevated S1pr3 mRNA levels, restored normal cognition-related behavior patterns, and exerted anxiolytic effects. The improvement in episodic and recognition memory observed in this animal model of obesity may suggest a beneficial effect of fingolimod on central nervous system function.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Wencel
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Environmental Agents, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego St., 02106, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - K Blecharz-Klin
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CePT, Medical University of Warsaw, 1B Banacha St., 02097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Piechal
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CePT, Medical University of Warsaw, 1B Banacha St., 02097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Pyrzanowska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CePT, Medical University of Warsaw, 1B Banacha St., 02097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - D Mirowska-Guzel
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CePT, Medical University of Warsaw, 1B Banacha St., 02097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - R P Strosznajder
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Environmental Agents, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego St., 02106, Warsaw, Poland
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Liu C, Zhan S, Tian Z, Li N, Li T, Wu D, Zeng Z, Zhuang X. Food Additives Associated with Gut Microbiota Alterations in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Friends or Enemies? Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153049. [PMID: 35893902 PMCID: PMC9330785 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During the 21st century, the incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is rising globally. Despite the pathogenesis of IBD remaining largely unclear, the interactions between environmental exposure, host genetics and immune response contribute to the occurrence and development of this disease. Growing evidence implicates that food additives might be closely related to IBD, but the involved molecular mechanisms are still poorly understood. Food additives may be categorized as distinct types in accordance with their function and property, including artificial sweeteners, preservatives, food colorant, emulsifiers, stabilizers, thickeners and so on. Various kinds of food additives play a role in modifying the interaction between gut microbiota and intestinal inflammation. Therefore, this review comprehensively synthesizes the current evidence on the interplay between different food additives and gut microbiome alterations, and further elucidates the potential mechanisms of food additives–associated microbiota changes involved in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiguang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (C.L.); (S.Z.); (N.L.); (T.L.); (D.W.)
| | - Shukai Zhan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (C.L.); (S.Z.); (N.L.); (T.L.); (D.W.)
| | - Zhenyi Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China;
| | - Na Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (C.L.); (S.Z.); (N.L.); (T.L.); (D.W.)
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (C.L.); (S.Z.); (N.L.); (T.L.); (D.W.)
| | - Dongxuan Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (C.L.); (S.Z.); (N.L.); (T.L.); (D.W.)
| | - Zhirong Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (C.L.); (S.Z.); (N.L.); (T.L.); (D.W.)
- Correspondence: (Z.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiaojun Zhuang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (C.L.); (S.Z.); (N.L.); (T.L.); (D.W.)
- Correspondence: (Z.Z.); (X.Z.)
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7
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Ge X, He X, Lin Z, Zhu Y, Jiang X, Zhao L, Zeng F, Chen L, Xu W, Liu T, Chen Z, Zhao C, Huang Y, Liu B. 6,8-(1,3-Diaminoguanidine) luteolin and its Cr complex show hypoglycemic activities and alter intestinal microbiota composition in type 2 diabetes mice. Food Funct 2022; 13:3572-3589. [PMID: 35262159 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00021k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoid compounds such as luteolin exhibit hypolipidemic effects, and there are few reports on the hypoglycemic activity of luteolin derivatives. In this research, 6,8-(1,3-diaminoguanidine) luteolin (DAGL) and its Cr complex (DAGL·Cr) were obtained as a result of structural modifications to luteolin, and the hypoglycemic activities and the composition of intestinal microbiota in T2DM mice were investigated. This study found that DAGL and DAGL·Cr could significantly restore body weight, FBG, OGTT, AUC, and GSP in T2DM mice. Moreover, the pancreatic islet function index and the biochemical indicators of serum and the liver were also significantly improved. The histopathological results also showed that DAGL and DAGL·Cr had a stronger repair ability in the liver and the pancreas. It was also revealed that the potential hypoglycemic mechanism of DAGL and DAGL·Cr was involved in the simultaneous regulation of PI3K/AKT-1/GSK-3β/GLUT-4 and PI3K/AKT-1/mTOR/S6K1/IRS-1. Furthermore, DAGL and DAGL·Cr could also regulate the structure of the intestinal microbiota and increase the content of SCFA to relieve the symptoms of hyperglycemia in T2DM mice. This included a significant reduction in the ratio of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes (F/B), and at the genus level, an increase in the relative abundance of Alistipe and Ruminiclostridium, and improvement in the content of SCFA in the feces of T2DM mice. In conclusion, in this study, DAGL and DAGL·Cr were found to improve hyperglycemia in T2DM mice by improving the pancreatic islet function index, regulating the biochemical indicators of serum and the liver, repairing damaged tissues, and regulating the PI3K/AKT-1 signaling pathway as well as reducing F/B, increasing the relative abundance of intestinal beneficial microbiota, and the content of SCFA in the feces. The hypoglycemic effect of DAGL·Cr on the body weight, serum IL-10, serum IL-6, and pancreatic islet function index was significantly better than that of DAGL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Ge
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Xiaoyu He
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Zhenshan Lin
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Yuxian Zhu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Xiaoqin Jiang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Liyuan Zhao
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Feng Zeng
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Ligen Chen
- College of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224051, China
| | - Wei Xu
- College of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224051, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Yancheng Second People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224051, China
| | - Zhigang Chen
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Yancheng Second People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224051, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Ying Huang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
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Niibo M, Kanasaki A, Iida T, Ohnishi K, Ozaki T, Akimitsu K, Minamino T. d-allulose protects against diabetic nephropathy progression in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats with type 2 diabetes. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263300. [PMID: 35100325 PMCID: PMC8803202 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
d-allulose is a rare sugar that has been reported to possess anti-hyperglycemic effects. In the present study, we hypothesized that d-allulose is effective in attenuating the progression of diabetic nephropathy in the Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Drinking water with or without 3% d-allulose was administered to OLETF rats for 13 weeks. Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka rats that received drinking water without d-allulose were used as non-diabetic control rats. d-allulose significantly attenuated the increase in blood glucose levels and progressive mesangial expansion in the glomerulus, which is regarded as a characteristic of diabetic nephropathy, in OLETF rats. d-allulose also attenuated the significant increases in renal IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α mRNA levels in OLETF rats, which is a proinflammatory parameter. Additionally, we showed that d-allulose suppresses mesangial matrix expansion, but its correlation with suppressing renal inflammation in OLETF rats should be investigated further. Collectively, our results support the hypothesis that d-allulose can prevent diabetic nephropathy in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misato Niibo
- Research and Development, Matsutani Chemical Industry Co., Ltd, Itami City, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Akane Kanasaki
- Research and Development, Matsutani Chemical Industry Co., Ltd, Itami City, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Iida
- Research and Development, Matsutani Chemical Industry Co., Ltd, Itami City, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ohnishi
- Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Taro Ozaki
- Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuya Akimitsu
- International Institute of Rare Sugar Research and Education & Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Minamino
- Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa, Japan
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Liu B, Gou Y, Tsuzuki T, Yamada T, Iida T, Wang S, Banno R, Toyoda Y, Koike T. d-Allulose Improves Endurance and Recovery from Exhaustion in Male C57BL/6J Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030404. [PMID: 35276765 PMCID: PMC8838150 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
d-Allulose, a rare sugar, improves glucose metabolism and has been proposed as a candidate calorie restriction mimetic. This study aimed to investigate the effects of d-allulose on aerobic performance and recovery from exhaustion and compared them with the effects of exercise training. Male C57BL/6J mice were subjected to exercise and allowed to run freely on a wheel. Aerobic performance was evaluated using a treadmill. Glucose metabolism was analyzed by an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (ipGTT). Skeletal muscle intracellular signaling was analyzed by Western blotting. Four weeks of daily oral administration of 3% d-allulose increased running distance and shortened recovery time as assessed by an endurance test. d-Allulose administration also increased the maximal aerobic speed (MAS), which was observed following treatment for >3 or 7 days. The improved performance was associated with lower blood lactate levels and increased liver glycogen levels. Although d-allulose did not change the overall glucose levels as determined by ipGTT, it decreased plasma insulin levels, indicating enhanced insulin sensitivity. Finally, d-allulose enhanced the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase and the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α. Our results indicate that d-allulose administration enhances endurance ability, reduces fatigue, and improves insulin sensitivity similarly to exercise training. d-Allulose administration may be a potential treatment option to alleviate obesity and enhance aerobic exercise performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyang Liu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; (B.L.); (Y.G.); (S.W.); (R.B.)
| | - Yang Gou
- Department of Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; (B.L.); (Y.G.); (S.W.); (R.B.)
| | - Takamasa Tsuzuki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan; (T.T.); (Y.T.)
| | - Takako Yamada
- Research and Development, Matsutani Chemical Industry Co. Ltd., Itami 664-8508, Japan; (T.Y.); (T.I.)
| | - Tetsuo Iida
- Research and Development, Matsutani Chemical Industry Co. Ltd., Itami 664-8508, Japan; (T.Y.); (T.I.)
| | - Sixian Wang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; (B.L.); (Y.G.); (S.W.); (R.B.)
| | - Ryoichi Banno
- Department of Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; (B.L.); (Y.G.); (S.W.); (R.B.)
- Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness and Sports, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yukiyasu Toyoda
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan; (T.T.); (Y.T.)
| | - Teruhiko Koike
- Department of Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; (B.L.); (Y.G.); (S.W.); (R.B.)
- Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness and Sports, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-52-789-3963
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10
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Kim JE, Kwon EY, Han Y. Allulose Attenuated Age-Associated Sarcopenia via Regulating IGF-1 and Myostatin in Aged Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 66:e2100549. [PMID: 34710274 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Allulose is shown to increase the muscle weight in diet-induced obese mice. However, there are no studies on the effects of allulose in age-associated sarcopenia. This study aims to elucidate the mechanisms of action for allulose in age associated by analyzing the transcriptional patterns in aged mice. METHODS AND RESULTS The 48-week-old mice are fed with AIN-93diet containing allulose for 12 weeks. Allulose supplementation increases the muscle mass and grip strength in aged mice. Allulose increases the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and its downstream factor expressions which 40 are related protein synthesis, while inhibits the myostatin expression related protein degradation. In mRNA-seq analysis, allulose supplementation significantly decreases in Adiponectin, Adipsin, cell death inducing DFFA like effector (CIDEC), Haptoglobin, Neuroglobin, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) and increases in cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein (CISH) and ceramide synthase 1 (CerS1) that are regulate protein turn over in gastrocnemius. Also, allulose alleviates autophagy in muscle with regulated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway and increases the anti-oxidant enzyme activity. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that allulose improves the age-associated sarcopenia with enhancing antioxidant properties by altering mRNA and protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, 1370 San-Kyuk Dong, Puk-Ku, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea.,Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, 1370 San-Kyuk Dong, Puk-Ku, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea.,Center for Beautiful Aging, Kyungpook National University, 1370 San-Kyuk Dong, Puk-Ku, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Young Kwon
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, 1370 San-Kyuk Dong, Puk-Ku, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea.,Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, 1370 San-Kyuk Dong, Puk-Ku, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea.,Center for Beautiful Aging, Kyungpook National University, 1370 San-Kyuk Dong, Puk-Ku, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngji Han
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, 1370 San-Kyuk Dong, Puk-Ku, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea.,Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, 1370 San-Kyuk Dong, Puk-Ku, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea.,Center for Beautiful Aging, Kyungpook National University, 1370 San-Kyuk Dong, Puk-Ku, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea
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11
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Hu M, Li M, Jiang B, Zhang T. Bioproduction of D-allulose: Properties, applications, purification, and future perspectives. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:6012-6026. [PMID: 34668314 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
D-allulose is the C-3 epimer of D-fructose, which rarely exists in nature, and can be biosynthesized from D-fructose by the catalysis of D-psicose 3-epimerase. D-allulose is safe for human consumption and was recently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for food applications. It is not only able be used in food and dietary supplements as a low-calorie sweetener, but also modulates a variety of physiological functions. D-allulose has gained increasing attention owing to its excellent properties. This article presents a review of recent progress on the properties, applications, and bioproduction progress of D-allulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Mengli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
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12
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Smith A, Avery A, Ford R, Yang Q, Goux A, Mukherjee I, Neville DCA, Jethwa P. Rare sugars: metabolic impacts and mechanisms of action: a scoping review. Br J Nutr 2021; 128:1-18. [PMID: 34505561 PMCID: PMC9343225 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521003524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Food manufacturers are under increasing pressure to limit the amount of free sugars in their products. Many have reformulated products to replace sucrose, glucose and fructose with alternative sweeteners, but some of these have been associated with additional health concerns. Rare sugars are 'monosaccharides and their derivatives that hardly exist in nature', and there is increasing evidence that they could have health benefits. This review aimed to scope the existing literature in order to identify the most commonly researched rare sugars, to ascertain their proposed health benefits, mechanisms of action and potential uses and to highlight knowledge gaps. A process of iterative database searching identified fifty-five relevant articles. The reported effects of rare sugars were noted, along with details of the research methodologies conducted. Our results indicated that the most common rare sugars investigated are d-psicose and d-tagatose, with the potential health benefits divided into three topics: glycaemic control, body composition and CVD. All the rare sugars investigated have the potential to suppress postprandial elevation of blood glucose and improve glycaemic control in both human and animal models. Some animal studies have suggested that certain rare sugars may also improve lipid profiles, alter the gut microbiome and reduce pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. The present review demonstrates that rare sugars could play a role in reducing the development of obesity, type 2 diabetes and/or CVD. However, understanding of the mechanisms by which rare sugars may exert their effects is limited, and their effectiveness when used in reformulated products is unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Smith
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, LoughboroughLE12 5RD, UK
| | - Amanda Avery
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, LoughboroughLE12 5RD, UK
| | - Rebecca Ford
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, LoughboroughLE12 5RD, UK
| | - Qian Yang
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, LoughboroughLE12 5RD, UK
| | - Aurélie Goux
- Mondelēz International, Nutrition Research, 91400Saclay, France
| | | | | | - Preeti Jethwa
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, LoughboroughLE12 5RD, UK
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13
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Lee D, Han Y, Kwon EY, Choi MS. d-allulose Ameliorates Metabolic Dysfunction in C57BL/KsJ-db/db Mice. Molecules 2020; 25:E3656. [PMID: 32796637 PMCID: PMC7465492 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
d-allulose is an uncommon sugar that provides almost no calories when consumed. Its sweetness is 70% that of sucrose. d-allulose is a metabolic regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism. However, few reports concerning its effect on diabetes and related metabolic disturbances in db/db mice are available. In this study, we evaluated d-allulose's effect on hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, diabetes and inflammatory responses in C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice. Mice were divided into normal diet, erythritol supplemented (5% w/w), and d-allulose supplemented (5% w/w) groups. Blood glucose and plasma glucagon levels and homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR) were significantly lower in the d-allulose group than in the normal diet group, and plasma insulin level was significantly increased. Further, d-allulose supplement significantly increased hepatic glucokinase activity and decreased hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose-6-phosphatase activity. Expression of glucose transporter 4, insulin receptor substrate 1, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha and AKT serine/threonine kinase 2 were also upregulated by d-allulose supplement in adipocyte and muscle. Finally, d-allulose effectively lowered plasma and hepatic triglyceride and free fatty acid levels, and simultaneously reduced hepatic fatty acid oxidation and carnitine palmitoyl transferase activity. These changes are likely attributable to suppression of hepatic fatty acid synthase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. Notably, d-allulose also reduced pro-inflammatory adipokine and cytokine levels in plasma. Our results indicate that d-allulose is an effective sugar substitute for improving lipid and glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayoun Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, 1370 San-Kyuk Dong Puk-Ku, Daegu 702-701, Korea; (D.L.); (Y.H.)
- Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, 1370 San-Kyuk Dong Puk-Ku, Daegu 702-701, Korea
| | - Youngji Han
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, 1370 San-Kyuk Dong Puk-Ku, Daegu 702-701, Korea; (D.L.); (Y.H.)
- Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, 1370 San-Kyuk Dong Puk-Ku, Daegu 702-701, Korea
| | - Eun-Young Kwon
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, 1370 San-Kyuk Dong Puk-Ku, Daegu 702-701, Korea; (D.L.); (Y.H.)
- Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, 1370 San-Kyuk Dong Puk-Ku, Daegu 702-701, Korea
| | - Myung-Sook Choi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, 1370 San-Kyuk Dong Puk-Ku, Daegu 702-701, Korea; (D.L.); (Y.H.)
- Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, 1370 San-Kyuk Dong Puk-Ku, Daegu 702-701, Korea
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