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Kolesnikova TO, Demin KA, Costa FV, de Abreu MS, Kalueff AV. Zebrafish models for studying cognitive enhancers. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 164:105797. [PMID: 38971515 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Cognitive decline is commonly seen both in normal aging and in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. Various experimental animal models represent a valuable tool to study brain cognitive processes and their deficits. Equally important is the search for novel drugs to treat cognitive deficits and improve cognitions. Complementing rodent and clinical findings, studies utilizing zebrafish (Danio rerio) are rapidly gaining popularity in translational cognitive research and neuroactive drug screening. Here, we discuss the value of zebrafish models and assays for screening nootropic (cognitive enhancer) drugs and the discovery of novel nootropics. We also discuss the existing challenges, and outline future directions of research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Konstantin A Demin
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Fabiano V Costa
- Neurobiology Program, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
| | - Murilo S de Abreu
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil; West Caspian University, Baku, Azerbaijan.
| | - Allan V Kalueff
- Neurobiology Program, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia; Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia; Suzhou Key Laboratory on Neurobiology and Cell Signaling, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China.
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Rowe K, Gray NE, Zweig JA, Law A, Techen N, Maier CS, Soumyanath A, Kretzschmar D. Centella asiatica and its caffeoylquinic acid and triterpene constituents increase dendritic arborization of mouse primary hippocampal neurons and improve age-related locomotion deficits in Drosophila. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2024; 5:1374905. [PMID: 39055970 PMCID: PMC11269084 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2024.1374905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Centella asiatica (CA) is known in Ayurvedic medicine as a rejuvenating herb with particular benefits in the nervous system. Two groups of specialized metabolites found in CA and purported to contribute to its beneficial effects are triterpenes (TTs) and caffeoylquinic acids (CQAs). In order to evaluate the role and interactions of TTs and CQAs in the effects of CA, we examined the neurotrophic effects of a water extract of CA (CAW) and combinations of its TT and CQA components in mouse primary hippocampal neurons in vitro and in Drosophila melanogaster flies in vivo. Methods Primary hippocampal neurons were isolated from mouse embryos and exposed in vitro for 5 days to CAW (50 μg/mL), mixtures of TTs, CQAs or TT + CQA components or to 4 TTs or 8 individual CQA compounds of CAW. Dendritic arborization was evaluated using Sholl analysis. Drosophila flies were aged to 28 days and treated for 2 weeks with CAW (10 mg/mL) in the food, mixtures of TTs, CQAs or TT + CQA and individual TT and CQA compounds. TTs and CQAs were tested at concentrations matching their levels in the CAW treatment used. After 2 weeks of treatment, Drosophila aged 42 days were evaluated for phototaxis responses. Results In mouse primary hippocampal neurons, CAW (50 μg/mL), the TT mix, CQA mix, all individual TTs and most CQAs significantly increased dendritic arborization to greater than control levels. However, the TT + CQA combination significantly decreased dendritic arborization. In Drosophila, a marked age-related decline in fast phototaxis response was observed in both males and females over a 60 days period. However, resilience to this decline was afforded in both male and female flies by treatment from 28 days onwards with CAW (10 mg/mL), or equivalent concentrations of mixed TTs, mixed CQAs and a TT + CQA mix. Of all the individual compounds, only 1,5-diCQA slowed age-related decline in phototaxis in male and female flies. Discussion This study confirmed the ability of CAW to increase mouse neuronal dendritic arborization, and to provide resilience to age-related neurological decline in Drosophila. The TT and CQA components both contribute to these effects but do not have a synergistic effect. While individual TTs and most individual CQAs increased dendritic arborization at CAW equivalent concentrations, in the Drosophila model, only 1,5-diCQA was able to slow down the age-related decline in phototaxis. This suggests that combinations (or potentially higher concentrations) of the other compounds are needed to provide resilience in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karon Rowe
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Nora E. Gray
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Jonathan A. Zweig
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Alexander Law
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Natascha Techen
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States
| | - Claudia S. Maier
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Amala Soumyanath
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Doris Kretzschmar
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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Gray NE, Hack W, Brandes MS, Zweig JA, Yang L, Marney L, Choi J, Magana AA, Cerruti N, McFerrin J, Koike S, Nguyen T, Raber J, Quinn JF, Maier CS, Soumyanath A. Amelioration of age-related cognitive decline and anxiety in mice by Centella asiatica extract varies by sex, dose and mode of administration. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2024; 5:1357922. [PMID: 38770167 PMCID: PMC11102990 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2024.1357922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Background: A water extract (CAW) of the Ayurvedic plant Centella asiatica administered in drinking water has been shown to improve cognitive deficits in mouse models of aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Here the effects of CAW administered in drinking water or the diet on cognition, measures of anxiety and depression-like behavior in healthy aged mice are compared. Methods: Three- and eighteen-month-old male and female C57BL6 mice were administered rodent AIN-93M diet containing CAW (0, 0.2, 0.5 or 1% w/w) to provide 0, 200 mg/kg/d, 500 mg/kg/d or 1,000 mg/kg/d CAW for a total of 5 weeks. An additional group of eighteen-month-old mice were treated with CAW (10 mg/mL) in their drinking water CAW for a total of 5 weeks to deliver the same exposure of CAW as the highest dietary dose (1,000 mg/kg/d). CAW doses delivered were calculated based on food and water consumption measured in previous experiments. In the fourth and fifth weeks, mice underwent behavioral testing of cognition, anxiety and depression (n = 12 of each sex per treatment group in each test). Results: Aged mice of both sexes showed cognitive deficits relative to young mice while only female aged mice showed increased anxiety compared to the young female mice and no differences in depression were observed between the different ages. CAW (1,000 mg/kg/d) in the drinking water improved deficits in aged mice in learning, executive function and recognition memory in both sexes and attenuated the increased measures of anxiety observed in the aged female mice. However, CAW in the diet only improved executive function in aged mice at the highest dose (1,000 mg/kg/d) in both sexes and did so less robustly than when given in the water. There were no effects of CAW on depression-like behavior in aged animals regardless of whether it was administered in the diet or the water. Conclusions: These results suggest that CAW can ameliorate age-related changes in measures of anxiety and cognition and that the mode of administration is important for the effects of CAW on resilience to these age-related changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora E. Gray
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Wyatt Hack
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Mikah S. Brandes
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Jonathan A. Zweig
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Liping Yang
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Luke Marney
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Jaewoo Choi
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Armando Alcazar Magana
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Natasha Cerruti
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Oregon’s Wild Harvest, Redmond, OR, United States
| | - Janis McFerrin
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Oregon’s Wild Harvest, Redmond, OR, United States
| | - Seiji Koike
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Thuan Nguyen
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Jacob Raber
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Joseph F. Quinn
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Parkinson’s Disease Research Education and Clinical Care Center, Veterans’ Administration Portland Healthcare System, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Claudia S. Maier
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Amala Soumyanath
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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Speers AB, Wright KM, Brandes MS, Kedjejian N, Matthews DG, Caruso M, Harris CJ, Koike S, Nguyen T, Quinn JF, Soumyanath A, Gray NE. Mode of administration influences plasma levels of active Centella asiatica compounds in 5xFAD mice while markers of neuroinflammation remain unaltered. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1277626. [PMID: 38591068 PMCID: PMC10999680 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1277626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction A water extract of Centella asiatica (L.) Urban [Apiaceae] (CAW) has demonstrated cognitive-enhancing effects in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease and aging, the magnitude of which is influenced by whether CAW is delivered in the drinking water or the diet. These cognitive benefits are accompanied by improvements in oxidative stress and mitochondrial function in the brain, two pathways related to the neuroinflammatory response. The effect of CAW on neuroinflammation, however, has not been directly studied. Here, we investigated the effect of CAW on neuroinflammation in 5xFAD mice and compared plasma levels of CAW's active compounds following two modes of CAW administration. Methods Eight-to-nine-month-old male and female 5xFAD mice and their wild-type littermates were administered CAW in their diet or drinking water (0 or 1,000 mg/kg/day) for five weeks. Immunohistochemistry was performed for β-amyloid (Aβ), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and Griffonia simplicifolia lectin I (GSL I) in the cortex and hippocampus. Gene expression of inflammatory mediators (IL-6, TNFα, IL-1β, TREM2, AIF1, CX3CR1, CX3CL1, CD36, C3AR1, RAGE, CCR6, CD3E) was measured in the deep grey matter. Results CAW decreased cortical Aβ plaque burden in female 5xFAD mice administered CAW in the drinking water but had no effect on Aβ plaques in other treatment groups. CAW did not impact elevated levels of GFAP or GSL I in 5xFAD mice, regardless of sex, brain region, or mode of CAW administration. In the deep grey matter, CAW increased C3AR1 expression in 5xFAD females administered CAW in the drinking water and decreased IL-1β expression in 5xFAD males administered CAW in the diet. CAW had no effect, however, on gene expression levels of any other inflammatory mediator in the deep grey, for either sex or mode of CAW administration. Mice administered CAW in the drinking water versus the diet had significantly higher plasma levels of CAW compounds. Discussion CAW had little impact on the neuroinflammatory markers selected for evaluation in the present study, suggesting that the cognitive benefits of CAW may not be mediated by an anti-inflammatory effect or that additional molecular markers are needed to fully characterize the effect of CAW on neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex B. Speers
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Kirsten M. Wright
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Mikah S. Brandes
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Nareg Kedjejian
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Donald G. Matthews
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Maya Caruso
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Christopher J. Harris
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Seiji Koike
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Thuan Nguyen
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Joseph F. Quinn
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Parkinson’s Disease Research Education and Clinical Care Center, Veterans’ Administration Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Amala Soumyanath
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Nora E. Gray
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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Navarro-Hortal M, Romero-Márquez JM, López-Bascón MA, Sánchez-González C, Xiao J, Sumalla-Cano S, Battino M, Forbes-Hernández TY, Quiles JL. In Vitro and In Vivo Insights into a Broccoli Byproduct as a Healthy Ingredient for the Management of Alzheimer's Disease and Aging through Redox Biology. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:5197-5211. [PMID: 38477041 PMCID: PMC10941188 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Broccoli has gained popularity as a highly consumed vegetable due to its nutritional and health properties. This study aimed to evaluate the composition profile and the antioxidant capacity of a hydrophilic extract derived from broccoli byproducts, as well as its influence on redox biology, Alzheimer's disease markers, and aging in the Caenorhabditis elegans model. The presence of glucosinolate was observed and antioxidant capacity was demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro acetylcholinesterase inhibitory capacity was quantified, and the treatment ameliorated the amyloid-β- and tau-induced proteotoxicity in transgenic strains via SOD-3 and SKN-1, respectively, and HSP-16.2 for both parameters. Furthermore, a preliminary study on aging indicated that the extract effectively reduced reactive oxygen species levels in aged worms and extended their lifespan. Utilizing broccoli byproducts for nutraceutical or functional foods could manage vegetable processing waste, enhancing productivity and sustainability while providing significant health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- María
D. Navarro-Hortal
- Department
of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and
Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, Biomedical
Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Armilla, Spain
| | - Jose M. Romero-Márquez
- Department
of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and
Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, Biomedical
Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Armilla, Spain
| | - M. Asunción López-Bascón
- Research
and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento 37, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Sánchez-González
- Department
of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and
Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, Biomedical
Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Armilla, Spain
- Sport
and Health Research Centre, University of
Granada, C/Menéndez
Pelayo 32, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science
and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Sandra Sumalla-Cano
- Research
Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres, 21, 39011 Santander, Spain
- Department
of Health, Nutrition and Sport, Iberoamerican
International University, Campeche 24560, Mexico
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Research
Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres, 21, 39011 Santander, Spain
- Department
of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University
of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
- International
Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-Products
Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Tamara Y. Forbes-Hernández
- Department
of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and
Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, Biomedical
Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Armilla, Spain
| | - José L. Quiles
- Department
of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and
Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, Biomedical
Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Armilla, Spain
- Research
and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento 37, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Research
Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres, 21, 39011 Santander, Spain
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Alcázar Magaña A, Vaswani A, Brown KS, Jiang Y, Alam MN, Caruso M, Lak P, Cheong P, Gray NE, Quinn JF, Soumyanath A, Stevens JF, Maier CS. Integrating High-Resolution Mass Spectral Data, Bioassays and Computational Models to Annotate Bioactives in Botanical Extracts: Case Study Analysis of C. asiatica Extract Associates Dicaffeoylquinic Acids with Protection against Amyloid-β Toxicity. Molecules 2024; 29:838. [PMID: 38398590 PMCID: PMC10892090 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Rapid screening of botanical extracts for the discovery of bioactive natural products was performed using a fractionation approach in conjunction with flow-injection high-resolution mass spectrometry for obtaining chemical fingerprints of each fraction, enabling the correlation of the relative abundance of molecular features (representing individual phytochemicals) with the read-outs of bioassays. We applied this strategy for discovering and identifying constituents of Centella asiatica (C. asiatica) that protect against Aβ cytotoxicity in vitro. C. asiatica has been associated with improving mental health and cognitive function, with potential use in Alzheimer's disease. Human neuroblastoma MC65 cells were exposed to subfractions of an aqueous extract of C. asiatica to evaluate the protective benefit derived from these subfractions against amyloid β-cytotoxicity. The % viability score of the cells exposed to each subfraction was used in conjunction with the intensity of the molecular features in two computational models, namely Elastic Net and selectivity ratio, to determine the relationship of the peak intensity of molecular features with % viability. Finally, the correlation of mass spectral features with MC65 protection and their abundance in different sub-fractions were visualized using GNPS molecular networking. Both computational methods unequivocally identified dicaffeoylquinic acids as providing strong protection against Aβ-toxicity in MC65 cells, in agreement with the protective effects observed for these compounds in previous preclinical model studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Alcázar Magaña
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (A.A.M.); (A.V.); (M.N.A.); (P.L.); (P.C.)
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (N.E.G.); (A.S.); (J.F.S.)
- Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Ashish Vaswani
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (A.A.M.); (A.V.); (M.N.A.); (P.L.); (P.C.)
| | - Kevin S. Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, 116 Johnson Hall, 105 SW 26th Street, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Department of Statistics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - Md Nure Alam
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (A.A.M.); (A.V.); (M.N.A.); (P.L.); (P.C.)
| | - Maya Caruso
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (M.C.); (J.F.Q.)
| | - Parnian Lak
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (A.A.M.); (A.V.); (M.N.A.); (P.L.); (P.C.)
| | - Paul Cheong
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (A.A.M.); (A.V.); (M.N.A.); (P.L.); (P.C.)
| | - Nora E. Gray
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (N.E.G.); (A.S.); (J.F.S.)
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (M.C.); (J.F.Q.)
| | - Joseph F. Quinn
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (M.C.); (J.F.Q.)
- Parkinson’s Disease Research Education and Clinical Care Center, Veterans’ Administration Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Amala Soumyanath
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (N.E.G.); (A.S.); (J.F.S.)
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (M.C.); (J.F.Q.)
| | - Jan F. Stevens
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (N.E.G.); (A.S.); (J.F.S.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Claudia S. Maier
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (A.A.M.); (A.V.); (M.N.A.); (P.L.); (P.C.)
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (N.E.G.); (A.S.); (J.F.S.)
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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7
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Gray NE, Hack W, Brandes MS, Zweig JA, Yang L, Marney L, Choi J, Magana AA, Cerruti N, McFerrin J, Koike S, Nguyen T, Raber J, Quinn JF, Maier CS, Soumyanath A. Amelioration of age-related cognitive decline and anxiety in mice by Centella asiatica extract varies by sex, dose and mode of administration. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.23.576700. [PMID: 38328129 PMCID: PMC10849617 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.23.576700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
We have previously reported that a water extract (CAW) of the Ayurvedic plant Centella asiatica administered in drinking water can improve cognitive deficits in mouse models of aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Here we compared the effects of CAW administered in drinking water or the diet on cognition, measures of anxiety and depression-like behavior in healthy aged mice. Three- and eighteen-month-old male and female C57BL6 mice were administered rodent AIN-93M diet containing CAW (0, 0.2, 0.5 or 1% w/w) to provide 0, 200 mg/kg/d, 500 mg/kg/d or 1000 mg/kg/d for a total of 5 weeks. An additional group of eighteen-month-old mice were treated with CAW (10 mg/mL) in their drinking water for a total of five weeks to deliver the same exposure of CAW as the highest dietary dose (1000 mg/kg/d). CAW doses delivered were calculated based on food and water consumption measured in previous experiments. In the fourth and fifth weeks, mice underwent behavioral testing of cognition, anxiety and depression (n=12 of each sex per treatment group in each test). Aged mice of both sexes showed cognitive deficits relative to young mice while only female aged mice showed increased anxiety compared to the young female mice and no differences in depression were observed between the different ages. CAW (1000 mg/kg/d) in the drinking water improved deficits in aged mice in learning, executive function and recognition memory in both sexes and attenuated the increased measures of anxiety observed in the aged female mice. However, CAW in the diet only improved executive function in aged mice at the highest dose (1000 mg/kg/d) in both sexes and did so less robustly than when given in the water. There were no effects of CAW on depression-like behavior in aged animals regardless of whether it was administered in the diet or the water. These results suggest that CAW can ameliorate age-related changes in measures of anxiety and cognition and that the mode of administration is important for the effects of CAW on resilience to these age-related changes.
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Radušienė J, Karpavičienė B, Vilkickytė G, Marksa M, Raudonė L. Comparative Analysis of Root Phenolic Profiles and Antioxidant Activity of Five Native and Invasive Solidago L. Species. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:132. [PMID: 38202440 PMCID: PMC10780316 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The high environmental importance of invasive goldenrod has prompted research to find potential benefits that can be derived from these species. This study aimed to identify differences in root phenolic profiles among five Solidago species, thus providing valuable information on their potential applications and the botanical origin of the raw material. The roots of native S. virgaurea L., two alien species S. gigantea Aiton and S. canadensis L. and their hybrids S. ×niederederi Khek and S. ×snarskisii Gudž. & Žaln. were sampled from mixed-species stands in Lithuania. A complex of twelve phenolic acids and their derivatives was identified and quantified in methanol-water root extracts using the HPLC-PDA and LC/MS systems. The radical-scavenging capacities of the extracts were assessed by ABTS. The chemical content of the roots of S. virgaurea, S. gigantea and S. ×niederederi were statistically similar, while the roots of S. canadensis and S. ×snarskisii contained lower amounts of compounds than the other species. The PCA score-plot models of the phenolic profiles only partially confirmed the identification of S. ×niederederi and S. ×snarskisii as crosses between native and alien species. The findings from the phenolic profiles and the observed radical-scavenging activity of root extracts of Solidago species provide valuable insights into their potential applications in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolita Radušienė
- Laboratory of Economic Botany, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos Str. 2, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Birutė Karpavičienė
- Laboratory of Economic Botany, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos Str. 2, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Gabrielė Vilkickytė
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Av. 13, 50162 Kaunas, Lithuania; (G.V.); (L.R.)
- Department of Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Av. 13, 50162 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Mindaugas Marksa
- Department of Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Av. 13, 50162 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Lina Raudonė
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Av. 13, 50162 Kaunas, Lithuania; (G.V.); (L.R.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Av. 13, 50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Suganuma T, Hatori S, Chen CK, Hori S, Kanuka M, Liu CY, Tatsuzawa C, Yanagisawa M, Hayashi Y. Caffeoylquinic Acid Mitigates Neuronal Loss and Cognitive Decline in 5XFAD Mice Without Reducing the Amyloid-β Plaque Burden. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 99:1285-1301. [PMID: 38788074 DOI: 10.3233/jad-240033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Background Caffeoylquinic acid (CQA), which is abundant in coffee beans and Centella asiatica, reportedly improves cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease (AD) model mice, but its effects on neuroinflammation, neuronal loss, and the amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque burden have remained unclear. Objective To assess the effects of a 16-week treatment with CQA on recognition memory, working memory, Aβ levels, neuronal loss, neuroinflammation, and gene expression in the brains of 5XFAD mice, a commonly used mouse model of familial AD. Methods 5XFAD mice at 7 weeks of age were fed a 0.8% CQA-containing diet for 4 months and then underwent novel object recognition (NOR) and Y-maze tests. The Aβ levels and plaque burden were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunofluorescent staining, respectively. Immunostaining of markers of mature neurons, synapses, and glial cells was analyzed. AmpliSeq transcriptome analysis and quantitative reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction were performed to assess the effect of CQA on gene expression levels in the cerebral cortex of the 5XFAD mice. Results CQA treatment for 4 months improved recognition memory and ameliorated the reduction of mature neurons and synaptic function-related gene mRNAs. The Aβ levels, plaque burden, and glial markers of neuroinflammation seemed unaffected. Conclusions These findings suggest that CQA treatment mitigates neuronal loss and improves cognitive function without reducing Aβ levels or neuroinflammation. Thus, CQA is a potential therapeutic compound for AD, improving cognitive function via as-yet unknown mechanisms independent of reductions in Aβ or neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaya Suganuma
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Biological Science Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Ichikai, Japan
| | - Sena Hatori
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Chung-Kuan Chen
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hori
- Biological Science Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Ichikai, Japan
| | - Mika Kanuka
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Chih-Yao Liu
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Chika Tatsuzawa
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masashi Yanagisawa
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- R&D Center for Frontiers of Mirai in Policy and Technology (F-MIRAI), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yu Hayashi
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Yang L, Marney L, Magana AA, Choi J, Wright K, Mcferrin J, Gray NE, Soumyanath A, Stevens JF, Maier CS. Quantification of Caffeoylquinic Acids and Triterpenes as Targeted Bioactive Compounds of Centella asiatica in Extracts and Formulations by Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY OPEN 2023; 4:100091. [PMID: 37789901 PMCID: PMC10544816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcoa.2023.100091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Centella asiatica (CA) is a culinary vegetable and well-known functional food that is widely used as a medicinal herb and dietary supplement. CA is rich in pentacyclic triterpenes (TTs), including asiaticoside (AS), madecassoside (MS) and the related aglycones asiatic acid (AA), madecassic acid (MA). Traditionally, TTs have been associated with the bioactivity and health promoting effect of CA. Recently, mono-caffeoylquinic acids (MonoCQAs) and di-caffeoylquinic acids (DiCQAs) have been found to contribute to the bioactivity of CA as well. This work reports an analytical strategy based on liquid chromatography coupled to multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (LC-MRM-MS) for the simultaneous rapid and accurate quantification of 12 bioactive compounds in CA, namely AS, MS, AA, MA, 5-CQA, 4-CQA, 3-CQA, 1,3-DiCQA, 3,4-DiCQA, 1,5-DiCQA, 3,5-DiCQA, 4,5-DiCQA. Method selectivity, accuracy, precision, repeatability, robustness, linearity range, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were validated. The validated LC-MRM-MS method has been successfully applied to quantify the 12 bioactive compounds in CA aqueous extracts and two related formulations: a standardized CA product (CAP) used in a phase I clinical trial and formulated CA rodent diets used in preclinical studies. The validated method allows us to support the standardization of CA products used for clinical trials and conduct routine LC-MRM-MS analyses of formulated preclinical diets to confirm correct levels of CA phytochemical markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Luke Marney
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Armando Alcazar Magana
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
- Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, Canada
| | - Jaewoo Choi
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Kirsten Wright
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | | | - Nora E Gray
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Amala Soumyanath
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Jan F Stevens
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Claudia S Maier
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
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Kundu P, Yasuhara K, Brandes MS, Zweig JA, Neff CJ, Holden S, Kessler K, Matsumoto S, Offner H, Waslo CS, Vandenbark A, Soumyanath A, Sherman LS, Raber J, Gray NE, Spain RI. Centella asiatica promotes antioxidant gene expression and mitochondrial oxidative respiration in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3393042. [PMID: 37886497 PMCID: PMC10602085 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3393042/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Centella asiatica (Centella) is a traditional botanical medicine that shows promise in treating dementia based on behavioral alterations seen in animal models of aging and cognitive dysfunction. In order to determine if Centella could similarly improve cognitive function and reduce disease burden in multiple sclerosis (MS), we tested its effects in the neuroinflammatory experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS. In two independent experiments, C57BL/6J mice were treated following induction of EAE with either a standardized water extract of Centella (CAW) or placebo for 2 weeks. At the dosing schedule and concentrations tested, CAW did not improve behavioral performance, EAE motor disability, or degrees of demyelination. However, CAW-treated mice demonstrated increases in nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 and other antioxidant response element genes, and increases in mitochondrial respiratory activity. Caw also decreased spinal cord inflammation. Our findings indicate that CAW can increase antioxidant gene expression and mitochondrial respiratory activity in mice with EAE, supporting investigation of the clinical effects of CAW in people with MS.
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Ho E, Drake VJ, Michels AJ, Nkrumah-Elie YM, Brown LL, Scott JM, Newman JW, Shukitt-Hale B, Soumyanath A, Chilton FH, Lindemann SR, Shao A, Mitmesser SH. Perspective: Council for Responsible Nutrition Science in Session. Optimizing Health with Nutrition-Opportunities, Gaps, and the Future. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:948-958. [PMID: 37270030 PMCID: PMC10509435 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Achieving optimal health is an aspirational goal for the population, yet the definition of health remains unclear. The role of nutrition in health has evolved beyond correcting malnutrition and specific deficiencies and has begun to focus more on achieving and maintaining 'optimal' health through nutrition. As such, the Council for Responsible Nutrition held its October 2022 Science in Session conference to advance this concept. Here, we summarize and discuss the findings of their Optimizing Health through Nutrition - Opportunities and Challenges workshop, including several gaps that need to be addressed to advance progress in the field. Defining and evaluating various indices of optimal health will require overcoming these key gaps. For example, there is a strong need to develop better biomarkers of nutrient status, including more accurate markers of food intake, as well as biomarkers of optimal health that account for maintaining resilience-the ability to recover from or respond to stressors without loss to physical and cognitive performance. In addition, there is a need to identify factors that drive individualized responses to nutrition, including genotype, metabotypes, and the gut microbiome, and to realize the opportunity of precision nutrition for optimal health. This review outlines hallmarks of resilience, provides current examples of nutritional factors to optimize cognitive and performance resilience, and gives an overview of various genetic, metabolic, and microbiome determinants of individualized responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Ho
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon; Nutrition Program, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon.
| | - Victoria J Drake
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | | | | | - LaVerne L Brown
- National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jonathan M Scott
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - John W Newman
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California
| | - Barbara Shukitt-Hale
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amala Soumyanath
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Floyd H Chilton
- Center for Precision Nutrition and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Stephen R Lindemann
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Andrew Shao
- ChromaDex External Research Program, Los Angeles, California
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13
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Wright KM, Bollen M, David J, Mepham B, Alcázar Magaña A, McClure C, Maier CS, Quinn JF, Soumyanath A. Bioanalytical method validation and application to a phase 1, double-blind, randomized pharmacokinetic trial of a standardized Centella asiatica (L.) Urban water extract product in healthy older adults. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1228030. [PMID: 37680716 PMCID: PMC10481538 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1228030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Centella asiatica is an herbaceous plant reputed in Eastern medicine to improve memory. Preclinical studies have shown that C. asiatica aqueous extract (CAW) improves neuronal health, reduces oxidative stress, and positively impacts learning and cognition. This study aimed to develop and validate bioanalytical methods for detecting known bioactive compounds from C. asiatica in human biological matrices and apply them to a human pharmacokinetic trial in healthy older adults. Methods: High performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was used for detecting triterpenes and caffeoylquinic acids from C. asiatica, or their metabolites, in human plasma and urine. Validation parameters including linearity, precision, accuracy, recovery and thermal stability were evaluated. The method was applied to a Phase I, randomized, double-blind, crossover trial of two doses (2 or 4 g) of a standardized C. asiatica water extract product (CAP) in eight healthy older adults. Pharmacokinetic parameters were measured over a 12-h post administration period and acute safety was assessed. Results: The method satisfied US Food & Drug Administration criteria for linearity and recovery of the analytes of interest in human plasma and urine. The method also satisfied criteria for precision and accuracy at medium and high concentrations. Single administration of 2 and 4 g of CAP was well tolerated and safe in healthy older adults. The parent triterpene glycosides, asiaticoside and madecassoside, were not detected in plasma and in minimal amounts in urinary excretion analyses, while the aglycones, asiatic acid and madecassic acid, showed readily detectable pharmacokinetic profiles. Similarly, the di-caffeoylquinic acids and mono-caffeoylquinic acids were detected in low quantities, while their putative metabolites showed readily detectable pharmacokinetic profiles and urinary excretion. Discussion: This method was able to identify and calculate the concentration of triterpenes and caffeoylquinic acids from C. asiatica, or their metabolites, in human plasma and urine. The oral absorption of these key compounds from CAP, and its acute safety in healthy older adults, support the use of this C. asiatica product in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten M. Wright
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Melissa Bollen
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Jason David
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Bridgette Mepham
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Armando Alcázar Magaña
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Christine McClure
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Claudia S. Maier
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Joseph F. Quinn
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Veterans Affairs Portland Healthcare System Center, Department of Neurology, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Amala Soumyanath
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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Mu SC, Xue DF, Qin XM, Du GH, Zhou YZ. Exploring the Mechanism of Arctium Lappa L. Leaves in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease Based on Chemical Profile, Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2300084. [PMID: 37382195 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disease, which urgently needs more effective treatment strategies. Arctium lappa L. leaf (burdock leaf) performs wide pharmacological activities, increasing evidence hinted that burdock leaves can ameliorate AD. This research aims to explore the bioactive ingredients and mechanisms of burdock leaves against AD by performing chemical profiles, network pharmacology, and molecular docking. 61 components are identified by liquid chromatography equipped with mass spectrometry. 792 targets of ingredients and 1661 AD-related genes are retrieved from public databases. Ten critical ingredients are identified from the topology analysis of the compound-target network. CytoNCA, AlzData database, and Aging Atlas database contribute to the foundation of 36 potential targets and four clinically significant targets (STAT3, RELA, MAPK8, and AR). The gene ontology (GO) analysis manifests that the included processes are close to the pathogenesis of AD. PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and AGE-RAGE signaling pathway may be important therapeutic mechanisms. Molecular docking results imply that network pharmacology results are reliable. Furthermore, the clinical meanings of core targets are also evaluated with the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. This research will provide research direction for the application of burdock leaves in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Chen Mu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No.92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, China
- The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No.92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, No.92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Deng-Feng Xue
- Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medicial University, No.3 Zhigongxinjie Road, Taiyuan, 030013, China
| | - Xue-Mei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No.92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, China
- The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No.92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, No.92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Guan-Hua Du
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No.92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, China
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yu-Zhi Zhou
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No.92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, China
- The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No.92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, No.92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, China
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Thakral S, Yadav A, Singh V, Kumar M, Kumar P, Narang R, Sudhakar K, Verma A, Khalilullah H, Jaremko M, Emwas AH. Alzheimer's disease: Molecular aspects and treatment opportunities using herbal drugs. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 88:101960. [PMID: 37224884 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), also called senile dementia, is the most common neurological disorder. Around 50 million people, mostly of advanced age, are suffering from dementia worldwide and this is expected to reach 100-130 million between 2040 and 2050. AD is characterized by impaired glutamatergic and cholinergic neurotransmission, which is associated with clinical and pathological symptoms. AD is characterized clinically by loss of cognition and memory impairment and pathologically by senile plaques formed by Amyloid β deposits or neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) consisting of aggregated tau proteins. Amyloid β deposits are responsible for glutamatergic dysfunction that develops NMDA dependent Ca2+ influx into postsynaptic neurons generating slow excitotoxicity process leading to oxidative stress and finally impaired cognition and neuronal loss. Amyloid decreases acetylcholine release, synthesis and neuronal transport. The decreased levels of neurotransmitter acetylcholine, neuronal loss, tau aggregation, amyloid β plaques, increased oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, bio-metal dyshomeostasis, autophagy, cell cycle dysregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction are the factors responsible for the pathogenesis of AD. Acetylcholinesterase, NMDA, Glutamate, BACE1, 5HT6, and RAGE (Receptors for Advanced Glycation End products) are receptors targeted in treatment of AD. The FDA approved acetylcholinesterase inhibitors Donepezil, Galantamine and Rivastigmine and N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist Memantine provide symptomatic relief. Different therapies such as amyloid β therapies, tau-based therapies, neurotransmitter-based therapies, autophagy-based therapies, multi-target therapeutic strategies, and gene therapy modify the natural course of the disease. Herbal and food intake is also important as preventive strategy and recently focus has also been placed on herbal drugs for treatment. This review focuses on the molecular aspects, pathogenesis and recent studies that signifies the potential of medicinal plants and their extracts or chemical constituents for the treatment of degenerative symptoms related to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samridhi Thakral
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India
| | - Alka Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India
| | - Vikramjeet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India.
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Rakesh Narang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra 136119, Haryana, India
| | - Kalvatala Sudhakar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Amita Verma
- Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj 211007, India.
| | - Habibullah Khalilullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unayzah 51911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Smart-Health Initiative (SHI) and Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul-Hamid Emwas
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Melini V, Melini F, Comendador FJ. Response Surface Methodology as an Experimental Strategy for Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Artichoke Heads. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1360. [PMID: 37507900 PMCID: PMC10376278 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The accurate quantification of phenolic compounds (PCs) in foods has become mandatory for a reliable estimation of PCs dietary intake. However, the extraction step of these molecules from the food matrix is a challenging and complex task. To manage the current lack of an official or generally accepted procedure for the recovery of phenolics, the application of statistical and mathematical tools, such as the response surface methodology (RSM), that allow the optimization of extraction parameters and the acquisition of the best output, has become the analytical approach of choice. The aim of this study was to apply an RSM-optimized ultrasound-assisted procedure to extract phenolic compounds from artichoke (Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus (L.) Hegi, cultivar "Campagnano") heads. The effect of extraction time, temperature, and solvent-to-sample ratio on the profile and content of phenolic acids and flavonoids was investigated. The total phenolic content was 488.13 ± 0.56 mg GAE 100 g-1 dry matter (dm) and total flavonoid content was 375.03 ± 1.49 mg CATeq 100 g-1 dm when the optimum extraction conditions were set. The HPLC analysis showed that caffeoylquinic acid derivatives (i.e., cynarin and 1,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid) were the main compounds in globe artichokes. Caffeic and p-coumaric acids were also identified. In regard to flavonoids, only the flavone luteolin-7-O-glucoside was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Melini
- CREA Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, I-00178 Roma, Italy
| | - Francesca Melini
- CREA Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, I-00178 Roma, Italy
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17
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Lu CW, Lin TY, Hsieh PW, Chiu KM, Lee MY, Wang SJ. Cynarin, a caffeoylquinic acid derivative in artichoke, inhibits exocytotic glutamate release from rat cortical nerve terminals (synaptosomes). Neurochem Int 2023; 167:105537. [PMID: 37164158 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of cynarin, a caffeoylquinic acid derivative in artichoke, on glutamate release elicited by 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) in rat cortical nerve terminals (synaptosomes). We observed that cynarin decreased 4-aminopyridine-elicited glutamate release, which was prevented by the removal of external free Ca2+ with ethylene glycol bis (β-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N,N-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) or the blockade of P/Q-type calcium channels with ω-agatoxin IVA. Molecular docking also revealed that cynarin formed a hydrogen bond with the P/Q-type Ca2+ channel, indicating a mechanism of action involving Ca2+ influx inhibition. Additionally, the inhibitory effect of cynarin on glutamate release is associated with a change in the available synaptic vesicles, as cynarin decreased 4-AP-elicited FM1-43 release or hypertonic sucrose-evoked glutamate release from synaptosomes. Furthermore, the suppression of protein kinase A (PKA) prevented the effect of cynarin on 4-AP-elicited glutamate release. 4-AP-elicited PKA and synapsin I or synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP-25) phosphorylation at PKA-specific residues were also attenuated by cynarin. Our data indicate that cynarin, through the suppression of P/Q-type Ca2+ channels, inhibits PKA activation and attenuates synapsin I and SNAP-25 phosphorylation at PKA-specific residues, thus decreasing synaptic vesicle availability and contributing to glutamate release inhibition in cerebral cortex terminals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wei Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, 22060, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, 32003, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yu Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, 22060, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, 32003, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Hsieh
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Natural Products, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, And Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33303, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ming Chiu
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Center, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, 22060, Taiwan; Department of Electrical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, 32003, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yi Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, 22060, Taiwan
| | - Su-Jane Wang
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan.
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18
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IŞIK N, MÜKEMRE M, TÜRKER RS, ZENGİN G, DALAR A. Analysis of phytochemical composition and biological activities of Helichrysum pallasii (Sprengel) ledeb leaves. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SECONDARY METABOLITE 2023. [DOI: 10.21448/ijsm.1132698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at the investigation of in vitro biological activities (antioxidant and enzyme inhibition) and phytochemical composition of various extracts (ethanol maceration, aqueous infusion, and aqueous decoction) obtained from leaf organs of Helichrysum pallasii, which has been traditionally used as herbal tea and medicine in Eastern Anatolia.
Experimental analysis showed that ethanol-based extract had higher total phenolic content (TPC: 103 mg GAE/gE) and showed superior antioxidant potentials (FRAP: 2205 μmol Fe2+/gE; ORAC: 2540 μmol Trolox Eq./gE; DPPH: IC50=0.58 mg/ml; CUPRAC: IC50=0.37 mg/ml; Phosphomolybdenum: IC50=1.34 mg/ml ve metal chelation: IC50=1.42 mg/ml) and enzyme inhibition (Acetylcholinesterase: IC50=1.49 mg/ml; Butyrylcholinesterase: IC50=1.98 mg/ml; Tyrosinase: IC50=0.68 mg/ml; Alpha-amylase: IC50=2.09 mg/ml; Alpha-glucosidase: IC50=0.51 mg/ml; and Pancreatic lipase: IC50=42.5 μg/ml) and contained higher amounts of phenolic (chlorogenic acid isomers and rutin) and fatty acid (palmitic, linoleic, and linolenic acids) compounds than traditional preparations (infusion and decoction).
The current study's findings indicate that the leaves of the Helichrysum pallasii are a source of phytochemicals with strong antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory properties, implying that it could be a candidate for biotherapeutic agent research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Abdullah DALAR
- VAN YUZUNCU YIL UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF PHARMACY, PHARMACY PR
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19
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Laveriano-Santos EP, López-Yerena A, Jaime-Rodríguez C, González-Coria J, Lamuela-Raventós RM, Vallverdú-Queralt A, Romanyà J, Pérez M. Sweet Potato Is Not Simply an Abundant Food Crop: A Comprehensive Review of Its Phytochemical Constituents, Biological Activities, and the Effects of Processing. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091648. [PMID: 36139723 PMCID: PMC9495970 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, sweet potato (Ipomoea batata L.; Lam.) is considered a very interesting nutritive food because it is rich in complex carbohydrates, but as a tubercle, contains high amounts of health-promoting secondary metabolites. The aim of this review is to summarize the most recently published information on this root vegetable, focusing on its bioactive phytochemical constituents, potential effects on health, and the impact of processing technologies. Sweet potato is considered an excellent source of dietary carotenoids, and polysaccharides, whose health benefits include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activity, cardiovascular protection, anticancer properties and improvement in neurological and memory capacity, metabolic disorders, and intestinal barrier function. Moreover, the purple sweet potato, due to its high anthocyanin content, represents a unique food option for consumers, as well as a potential source of functional ingredients for healthy food products. In this context, the effects of commercial processing and domestic cooking techniques on sweet potato bioactive compounds require further study to understand how to minimize their loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily P. Laveriano-Santos
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy XIA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anallely López-Yerena
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy XIA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina Jaime-Rodríguez
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biology, Health, and Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Johana González-Coria
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biology, Health, and Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Lamuela-Raventós
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy XIA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Vallverdú-Queralt
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy XIA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Romanyà
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biology, Health, and Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.R.); (M.P.)
| | - Maria Pérez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy XIA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.R.); (M.P.)
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20
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Effect of Extraction Methodology on the Phytochemical Composition for Camelia sinensis “Powdered Tea Extracts” from Different Provenances. BEVERAGES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/beverages8010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: beverages based on extracts from Camellia sinensis are popular worldwide. Due to an increasing number of processed teas on the market, there is a need to develop unified classification standards based on chemical analysis. Meanwhile, phytochemical characterizations are mainly performed on tea samples from China (~80%). Hence, data on teas of other provenances is recommended. (2) Methods: in the present investigation, we characterized lyophilised extracts obtained by infusion, maceration and methanolic extraction derived from tea samples from China, Japan, Sri Lanka and Portugal by phytochemistry (catechins, oxyaromatic acids, flavonols, alkaloids and theanine). The real benefits of drinking the tea were analysed based on the bioavailability of the determined phytochemicals. (3) Results: the infusions revealed the highest total phenolic contents (TPC) amounts, while methanolic extracts yielded the lowest. The correlation matrix indicated that the levels of phenolic compounds were similar in the infusions and methanolic samples, while extractions made by maceration were significantly different. The differences could be partially explained by the different amounts of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECG) and gallic acids (GA). The catechin percentages were significantly lower in the macerations, especially the quantity of EGCG decreases by 4- to 5-fold after this process. (4) Conclusions: the results highlight the importance of the processing methodology to obtain “instant tea”; the composition of the extracts obtained with the same methodology is not significantly affected by the provenance of the tea. However, attention should be drawn to the specificities of the Japanese samples (the tea analysed in the present work was of Sencha quality). In contrast, the extraction methodology significantly affects the phytochemical composition, especially concerning the content of polyphenols. As such, our results indicate that instant tea classification based on chemical composition is sensible, but there is a need for a standard extraction methodology, namely concerning the temperature and time of contact of the tea leaves with the extraction solvent.
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21
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Xi Y, Li H, Yu M, Li X, Li Y, Hui B, Zeng X, Wang J, Li J. Protective effects of chlorogenic acid on trimethyltin chloride-induced neurobehavioral dysfunctions in mice relying on the gut microbiota. Food Funct 2022; 13:1535-1550. [PMID: 35072194 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03334d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Trimethyltin chloride (TMT) is acknowledged to have potent neurotoxicity. Chlorogenic acid (CGA), the most abundant polyphenol in the human diet, is well-known for its neuroprotective activity. This investigation was performed to determine the effects and mechanisms of CGA on TMT-induced neurobehavioral dysfunctions. Mice received oral administrations of CGA (30 mg kg-1) for 11 days, in which they were intraperitoneally injected with TMT (2.7 mg kg-1) once on the 8th day. The daily intake of CGA significantly alleviated TMT-induced epilepsy-like seizure and cognition impairment, ameliorating hippocampal neuronal degeneration and neuroinflammation. Oral gavage of CGA potentially exerted neuroprotective effects through JNK/c-Jun and TLR4/NFκB pathways. Microbiome analysis revealed that daily consumption of CGA raised the relative abundance of Lactobacillus in TMT-treated mice. SCFAs, the gut microbial metabolites associated with neuroprotection, were increased in the mouse hippocampus following CGA treatment. TMT-induced neurotransmitter disorders were regulated by oral gavage of CGA, especially DL-kynurenine and acetylcholine chloride. Additionally, neurotransmitters in the mouse hippocampus were found to be highly associated with the gut microbiota. Our findings provided research evidence for the neuroprotective effect of CGA on TMT-induced neurobehavioral dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, NO. 33 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - He Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, NO. 33 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Meihong Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, NO. 33 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Xuejie Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, NO. 33 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Yan Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, NO. 33 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Bowen Hui
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, NO. 33 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Xiangquan Zeng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, NO. 33 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, NO. 33 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Jian Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, NO. 33 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China.
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22
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Phytochemical Analysis of Polyphenols in Leaf Extract from Vernonia amygdalina Delile Plant Growing in Uganda. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12020912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Due to the presence of phytochemicals, plants have been known to be used in the treatment and management of various diseases. Vernonia amygdalina, belonging to the Asteraceae family, is a plant known for its many applications in traditional medicine for various purposes. Previous studies on the methanolic leaf extract of this plant have proved the antibacterial, cytotoxic, anticancer and antioxidant effects indicative of promising therapeutic potentials. In this work, chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques along with high-performance liquid chromatography quantitative analysis were adopted to isolate, identify and quantify polyphenolic compounds in V. amygdalina leaf extract. UHPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS and UHPLC-DAD methods were adopted for qualitative and quantitative analysis, respectively. In the case of polyphenol separation, some reference substances were isolated by preparative HPLC. Seven polyphenols were identified and quantified in this study: 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, luteolin hexoside, 3,4-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 1,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 4,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid and luteolin dihexoside, with 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid being isolated in the highest quantity of 27.49 mg g−1 extract.
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23
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Wright KM, McFerrin J, Alcázar Magaña A, Roberts J, Caruso M, Kretzschmar D, Stevens JF, Maier CS, Quinn JF, Soumyanath A. Developing a Rational, Optimized Product of Centella asiatica for Examination in Clinical Trials: Real World Challenges. Front Nutr 2022; 8:799137. [PMID: 35096945 PMCID: PMC8797052 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.799137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Botanical products are frequently sold as dietary supplements and their use by the public is increasing in popularity. However, scientific evaluation of their medicinal benefits presents unique challenges due to their chemical complexity, inherent variability, and the involvement of multiple active components and biological targets. Translation away from preclinical models, and developing an optimized, reproducible botanical product for use in clinical trials, presents particular challenges for phytotherapeutic agents compared to single chemical entities. Common deficiencies noted in clinical trials of botanical products include limited characterization of the product tested, inadequate placebo control, and lack of rationale for the type of product tested, dose used, outcome measures or even the study population. Our group has focused on the botanical Centella asiatica due to its reputation for enhancing cognition in Eastern traditional medicine systems. Our preclinical studies on a Centella asiatica water extract (CAW) and its bioactive components strongly support its potential as a phytotherapeutic agent for cognitive decline in aging and Alzheimer's disease through influences on antioxidant response, mitochondrial activity, and synaptic density. Here we describe our robust, scientific approach toward developing a rational phytotherapeutic product based on Centella asiatica for human investigation, addressing multiple factors to optimize its valid clinical evaluation. Specific aspects covered include approaches to identifying an optimal dose range for clinical assessment, design and composition of a dosage form and matching placebo, sourcing appropriate botanical raw material for product manufacture (including the evaluation of active compounds and contaminants), and up-scaling of laboratory extraction methods to available current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) certified industrial facilities. We also address the process of obtaining regulatory approvals to proceed with clinical trials. Our study highlights the complexity of translational research on botanicals and the importance of identifying active compounds and developing sound analytical and bioanalytical methods for their determination in botanical materials and biological samples. Recent Phase I pharmacokinetic studies of our Centella asiatica product in humans (NCT03929250, NCT03937908) have highlighted additional challenges associated with designing botanical bioavailability studies, including specific dietary considerations that need to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten M. Wright
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | | | - Armando Alcázar Magaña
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | | | - Maya Caruso
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Doris Kretzschmar
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Jan F. Stevens
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Claudia S. Maier
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Joseph F. Quinn
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System Center, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Amala Soumyanath
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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24
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Speers AB, García-Jaramillo M, Feryn A, Matthews DG, Lichtenberg T, Caruso M, Wright KM, Quinn JF, Stevens JF, Maier CS, Soumyanath A, Gray NE. Centella asiatica Alters Metabolic Pathways Associated With Alzheimer's Disease in the 5xFAD Mouse Model of ß-Amyloid Accumulation. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:788312. [PMID: 34975484 PMCID: PMC8717922 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.788312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Centella asiatica is an herb used in Ayurvedic and traditional Chinese medicine for its beneficial effects on brain health and cognition. Our group has previously shown that a water extract of Centella asiatica (CAW) elicits cognitive-enhancing effects in animal models of aging and Alzheimer's disease, including a dose-related effect of CAW on memory in the 5xFAD mouse model of ß-amyloid accumulation. Here, we endeavor to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the effects of CAW in the brain by conducting a metabolomic analysis of cortical tissue from 5xFAD mice treated with increasing concentrations of CAW. Tissue was collected from 8-month-old male and female 5xFAD mice and their wild-type littermates treated with CAW (0, 200, 500, or 1,000 mg/kg/d) dissolved in their drinking water for 5 weeks. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis was performed and relative levels of 120 annotated metabolites were assessed in the treatment groups. Metabolomic analysis revealed sex differences in the effect of the 5xFAD genotype on metabolite levels compared to wild-type mice, and variations in the metabolomic response to CAW depending on sex, genotype, and CAW dose. In at least three of the four treated groups (5xFAD or wild-type, male or female), CAW (500 mg/kg/d) significantly altered metabolic pathways related to purine metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, and glycerophospholipid metabolism. The results are in line with some of our previous findings regarding specific mechanisms of action of CAW (e.g., improving mitochondrial function, reducing oxidative stress, and increasing synaptic density). Furthermore, these findings provide new information about additional, potential mechanisms for the cognitive-enhancing effect of CAW, including upregulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in the brain and modulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. These metabolic pathways have been implicated in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease, highlighting the therapeutic potential of CAW in this neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex B. Speers
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Manuel García-Jaramillo
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Alicia Feryn
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Donald G. Matthews
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Talia Lichtenberg
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Maya Caruso
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Kirsten M. Wright
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Joseph F. Quinn
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Parkinson’s Disease Research Education and Clinical Care Center, Veterans’ Administration Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Jan F. Stevens
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Claudia S. Maier
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Amala Soumyanath
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Nora E. Gray
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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25
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Magaña AA, Kamimura N, Soumyanath A, Stevens JF, Maier CS. Caffeoylquinic acids: chemistry, biosynthesis, occurrence, analytical challenges, and bioactivity. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:1299-1319. [PMID: 34171156 PMCID: PMC9084498 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Caffeoylquinic acids (CQAs) are specialized plant metabolites we encounter in our daily life. Humans consume CQAs in mg-to-gram quantities through dietary consumption of plant products. CQAs are considered beneficial for human health, mainly due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Recently, new biosynthetic pathways via a peroxidase-type p-coumaric acid 3-hydroxylase enzyme were discovered. More recently, a new GDSL lipase-like enzyme able to transform monoCQAs into diCQA was identified in Ipomoea batatas. CQAs were recently linked to memory improvement; they seem to be strong indirect antioxidants via Nrf2 activation. However, there is a prevalent confusion in the designation and nomenclature of different CQA isomers. Such inconsistencies are critical and complicate bioactivity assessment since different isomers differ in bioactivity and potency. A detailed explanation regarding the origin of such confusion is provided, and a recommendation to unify nomenclature is suggested. Furthermore, for studies on CQA bioactivity, plant-based laboratory animal diets contain CQAs, which makes it difficult to include proper control groups for comparison. Therefore, a synthetic diet free of CQAs is advised to avoid interferences since some CQAs may produce bioactivity even at nanomolar levels. Biotransformation of CQAs by gut microbiota, the discovery of new enzymatic biosynthetic and metabolic pathways, dietary assessment, and assessment of biological properties with potential for drug development are areas of active, ongoing research. This review is focused on the chemistry, biosynthesis, occurrence, analytical challenges, and bioactivity recently reported for mono-, di-, tri-, and tetraCQAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Alcázar Magaña
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Naofumi Kamimura
- Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan
| | - Amala Soumyanath
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jan F. Stevens
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Claudia S. Maier
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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Biswas D, Mandal S, Chatterjee Saha S, Tudu CK, Nandy S, Batiha GES, Shekhawat MS, Pandey DK, Dey A. Ethnobotany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicity of Centella asiatica (L.) Urban: A comprehensive review. Phytother Res 2021; 35:6624-6654. [PMID: 34463404 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The well-known medicinal plant Centella asiatica (L.) Urban is an Ayurvedic and traditional Chinese medicine used in the treatment of different health problems and as an edible vegetable in a regular diet. Ease of availability in the wide range of environmental conditions plus low-cost cultivation process has made the plant popular in ethno-medicinal healthcare systems. In the present review, phytochemical analysis of plant-extract and pharmacological activities of bioactive-compounds are discussed based upon the available reports to understand their therapeutic potentialities along with the mechanisms behind. The results exhibited that C. asiatica and its triterpenoids demonstrated an array of pharmacological effects and health benefits, some of which were confirmed in many preclinical and clinical studies. Those reports also provided considerable evidences in support of the principles of folk treatment in different countries. Increase and maintenance of the prospective plant secondary metabolites would provide an enriched resource of drug molecules. Development of suitable derivatives of the therapeutic compounds can give an assurance for getting more effective drug candidates with reduced side effects. The review also enumerates the application of advanced nanotechnology, toxicology, and clinical-trial reports on the plant with notes on the shortcomings in the present research and future perspectives of using this medicinal plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dew Biswas
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Sujata Mandal
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | | | | | - Samapika Nandy
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Mahipal S Shekhawat
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Kanchi Mamunivar Government Institute for Postgraduate Studies and Research, Pondicherry, India
| | | | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
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Tsoukalas D, Zlatian O, Mitroi M, Renieri E, Tsatsakis A, Izotov BN, Burada F, Sosoi S, Burada E, Buga AM, Rogoveanu I, Docea AO, Calina D. A Novel Nutraceutical Formulation Can Improve Motor Activity and Decrease the Stress Level in a Murine Model of Middle-Age Animals. J Clin Med 2021; 10:624. [PMID: 33562115 PMCID: PMC7915416 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10040624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing is a genetically programmed physiological process that is modulated by numerous environmental factors, associated with decreasing physiological function, decreasing reproductive rate and increasing age-related mortality rate. Maintaining mobility performance and physical function in the elderly is the main objective of the successful ageing concept. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the beneficial effect of a novel nutraceutical formulation containing Centella asiatica L. extract, vitamin C, zinc and vitamin D3 (as cholecalciferol) on motor activity and anxiety with the use of a murine model of old animals, as a means of providing proof for clinical use in the elderly, for enhancing physical strength and improving life quality. Eighteen Sprague Dawley 18 months old male rats were divided into three groups and received corn oil (the control group) or 1 capsule/kg bw Reverse supplement (treatment group 1) or 2 capsules/kg bw Reverse supplement (treatment group 2), for a period of 3 months. The Reverse supplement (Natural Doctor S.A, Athens, Greece) contains 9 mg Centella asiatica L. extract, vitamin C (200 mg as magnesium ascorbate), zinc (5 mg as zinc citrate), vitamin D3 (50 µg as cholecalciferol) per capsule. Before and after the treatment, the motor function and behavioral changes for anxiety and depression were evaluated using the open-field test, elevated plus-maze test and rotarod test. The supplementation with Reverse (Natural Doctor S.A) supplement can improve the locomotor activity in old rats in a dose-dependent manner, as demonstrated by an increase in the latency to leave from the middle square, in the number of rearings in the open field test, in the time spent in the open arms and time spent in the center in the elevated plus-maze test and the latency to all in all three consecutive trials in the rotarod test. Stress also decreased significantly in a dose-dependent manner, following the treatment with Reverse supplement, as was demonstrated by the decrease in the number of groomings at the open field test and time spent in the dark and the number of groomings at the elevated plus-maze test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Tsoukalas
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Metabolomic Medicine, Health Clinic for Autoimmune and Chronic Diseases, 10674 Athens, Greece
- European Institute of Nutritional Medicine (E.I.Nu.M.), 00198 Rome, Italy
| | - Ovidiu Zlatian
- Department of Microbiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Mihaela Mitroi
- ENT Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Elisavet Renieri
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Forensic Sciences, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (E.R.); (A.T.)
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Forensic Sciences, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (E.R.); (A.T.)
- Department of Analytical and Forensic Medical Toxicology, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Boris Nikolaevich Izotov
- Department of Analytical and Forensic Medical Toxicology, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Florin Burada
- Human Genomics Laboratory, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (F.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Simona Sosoi
- Human Genomics Laboratory, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (F.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Emilia Burada
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Ana Maria Buga
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Ion Rogoveanu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
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Zweig JA, Brandes MS, Brumbach BH, Caruso M, Wright KM, Quinn JF, Soumyanath A, Gray NE. Prolonged Treatment with Centella asiatica Improves Memory, Reduces Amyloid-β Pathology, and Activates NRF2-Regulated Antioxidant Response Pathway in 5xFAD Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 81:1453-1468. [PMID: 33935097 PMCID: PMC10878128 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The medicinal herb Centella asiatica has been long been used for its neuroprotective and cognitive enhancing effects. We have previously shown that two weeks of treatment with a water extract of Centella asiatica (CAW) improves cognition and activates the endogenous antioxidant response pathway without altering amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque burden. OBJECTIVE Here, we assess the effect of long-term treatment of CAW in the 5xFAD mouse model of Aβ accumulation. METHODS Four-month-old 5xFAD mice were treated with CAW in their drinking water (2 g/L) for three months at which point they underwent cognitive testing as well as analysis of Aβ plaque levels and antioxidant and synaptic gene expression. In order to confirm the involvement of the antioxidant regulatory transcription factor NRF2 on the effects of CAW on synaptic plasticity, neurons isolated from 5xFAD mice were also treated with CAW and the targeted inhibitor ML385. RESULTS Three months of treatment with CAW improved spatial and contextual memory as well as executive function in 5xFAD mice. This improvement was accompanied by increased antioxidant gene expression and a decrease in Aβ plaque burden relative to untreated 5xFAD animals. In isolated neurons, treatment with ML385 blocked the effects of CAW on dendritic arborization and synaptic gene expression. CONCLUSION These results suggest that prolonged CAW exposure could be beneficial in Alzheimer's disease and that these effects likely involve NRF2 activation. Moreover, these findings suggest that targeting NRF2 itself may be a relevant therapeutic strategy for improving synaptic plasticity and cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A. Zweig
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Mikah S. Brandes
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Barbara H. Brumbach
- Biostatistics & Design Program Core, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Maya Caruso
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kirsten M. Wright
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Joseph F. Quinn
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Neurology and Parkinson’s Disease Research Education and Clinical Care Center (PADRECC), VA Portland Healthcare System, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Amala Soumyanath
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Nora E. Gray
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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