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Wang N, Ma M, Mu G, Qian F, Xuemei Z. Lipid analysis of breast milk and formula for preterm infants and the application and prospects of novel structural lipids - a comprehensive review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-14. [PMID: 39066633 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2383964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Preterm infants, often characterized by lower birth weights and underdeveloped physiologies, necessitate specialized nutritional care. While breast milk stands as the ideal nutritional source, offering substantial energy through its fatty acid content to support the infants' growth and developmental needs, its usage might not always be feasible. Fatty acids in breast milk are critical for the development of these infants. In scenarios where breast milk is not an option, formula feeding becomes a necessary alternative. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of the fatty acid profiles in both breast milk and formulas is crucial for addressing the distinct nutritional requirements of preterm infants. This paper aims to summarize the effects of lipid composition, structure, and positioning in breast milk and formula on the growth and development of preterm infants. Furthermore, it explores recent advancements in the use of novel structural lipids in formulas, laying the groundwork for future innovations in formula design specifically catered to the needs of preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Mingyang Ma
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Guangqing Mu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Fang Qian
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhu Xuemei
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
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2
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Saffarionpour S, Diosady LL. Cyclodextrins and their potential applications for delivering vitamins, iron, and iodine for improving micronutrient status. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s13346-024-01586-x. [PMID: 38671315 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01586-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CDs) have been investigated as potential biopolymeric carriers that can form inclusion complexes with numerous bioactive ingredients. The inclusion of micronutrients (e.g. vitamins or minerals) into cyclodextrins can enhance their solubility and provide oxidative or thermal stability. It also enables the formulation of products with extended shelf-life. The designed delivery systems with CDs and their inclusion complexes including electrospun nanofibers, emulsions, liposomes, and hydrogels, show potential in enhancing the solubility and oxidative stability of micronutrients while enabling their controlled and sustained release in applications including food packaging, fortified foods and dietary supplements. Nano or micrometer-sized delivery systems capable of controlling burst release and permeation, or moderating skin hydration have been reported, which can facilitate the formulation of several personal and skin care products for topical or transdermal delivery of micronutrients. This review highlights recent developments in the application of CDs for the delivery of micronutrients, i.e. vitamins, iron, and iodine, which play key roles in the human body, emphasizing their existing and potential applications in the food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmeceuticals industries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Levente L Diosady
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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3
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Sugandhi VV, Pangeni R, Vora LK, Poudel S, Nangare S, Jagwani S, Gadhave D, Qin C, Pandya A, Shah P, Jadhav K, Mahajan HS, Patravale V. Pharmacokinetics of vitamin dosage forms: A complete overview. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:48-83. [PMID: 38268871 PMCID: PMC10804103 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamins are crucial for sustaining life because they play an essential role in numerous physiological processes. Vitamin deficiencies can lead to a wide range of severe health issues. In this context, there is a need to administer vitamin supplements through appropriate routes, such as the oral route, to ensure effective treatment. Therefore, understanding the pharmacokinetics of vitamins provides critical insights into absorption, distribution, and metabolism, all of which are essential for achieving the desired pharmacological response. In this review paper, we present information on vitamin deficiencies and emphasize the significance of understanding vitamin pharmacokinetics for improved clinical research. The pharmacokinetics of several vitamins face various challenges, and thus, this work briefly outlines the current issues and their potential solutions. We also discuss the feasibility of enhanced nanocarrier-based pharmaceutical formulations for delivering vitamins. Recent studies have shown a preference for nanoformulations, which can address major limitations such as stability, solubility, absorption, and toxicity. Ultimately, the pharmacokinetics of pharmaceutical dosage forms containing vitamins can impede the treatment of diseases and disorders related to vitamin deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rudra Pangeni
- Department of PharmaceuticsVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | | | - Sagun Poudel
- Department of PharmaceuticsVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Sopan Nangare
- Department of PharmaceuticsH. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and ResearchShirpurMaharashtraIndia
| | - Satveer Jagwani
- KLE College of PharmacyKLE Academy of Higher Education and ResearchBelagaviKarnatakaIndia
| | - Dnyandev Gadhave
- Department of PharmaceuticsSinhgad Technical Education SocietySinhgad Institute of PharmacyPuneMaharashtraIndia
| | - Chaolong Qin
- Department of PharmaceuticsVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Anjali Pandya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and TechnologyInstitute of Chemical TechnologyMumbaiIndia
| | - Purav Shah
- Thoroughbred Remedies ManufacturingTRM Industrial EstateNewbridgeIreland
| | - Kiran Jadhav
- KLE College of PharmacyKLE Academy of Higher Education and ResearchBelagaviKarnatakaIndia
| | - Hitendra S. Mahajan
- Department of PharmaceuticsR. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and ResearchShirpurMaharashtraIndia
| | - Vandana Patravale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and TechnologyInstitute of Chemical TechnologyMumbaiIndia
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4
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Puebla-Duarte AL, Santos-Sauceda I, Rodríguez-Félix F, Iturralde-García RD, Fernández-Quiroz D, Pérez-Cabral ID, Del-Toro-Sánchez CL. Active and Intelligent Packaging: A Review of the Possible Application of Cyclodextrins in Food Storage and Safety Indicators. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4317. [PMID: 37959997 PMCID: PMC10648989 DOI: 10.3390/polym15214317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural cyclodextrins (CDs) can be formed by 6, 7, or 8 glucose molecules (α-, β-, and γ-, respectively) linked in a ring, creating a cone shape. Its interior has an affinity for hydrophobic molecules, while the exterior is hydrophilic and can interact with water molecules. This feature has been used to develop active packaging applied to food, interacting with the product or its environment to improve one or more aspects of its quality or safety. It also provides monitoring information when food is optimal for consumption, as intelligent packaging is essential for the consumer and the merchant. Therefore, this review will focus on discerning which packaging is most appropriate for each situation, solubility and toxicological considerations, characterization techniques, effect on the guest properties, and other aspects related to forming the inclusion complex with bioactive molecules applied to packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Leobardo Puebla-Duarte
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales S/N, Col. Centro, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico; (A.L.P.-D.); (F.R.-F.); (R.D.I.-G.); (I.D.P.-C.)
| | - Irela Santos-Sauceda
- Departamento de Investigación en Polímeros y Materiales, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales S/N, Col. Centro, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico;
| | - Francisco Rodríguez-Félix
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales S/N, Col. Centro, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico; (A.L.P.-D.); (F.R.-F.); (R.D.I.-G.); (I.D.P.-C.)
| | - Rey David Iturralde-García
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales S/N, Col. Centro, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico; (A.L.P.-D.); (F.R.-F.); (R.D.I.-G.); (I.D.P.-C.)
| | - Daniel Fernández-Quiroz
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Metalurgia, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales S/N, Col. Centro, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico;
| | - Ingrid Daniela Pérez-Cabral
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales S/N, Col. Centro, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico; (A.L.P.-D.); (F.R.-F.); (R.D.I.-G.); (I.D.P.-C.)
| | - Carmen Lizette Del-Toro-Sánchez
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales S/N, Col. Centro, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico; (A.L.P.-D.); (F.R.-F.); (R.D.I.-G.); (I.D.P.-C.)
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5
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Christaki S, Spanidi E, Panagiotidou E, Athanasopoulou S, Kyriakoudi A, Mourtzinos I, Gardikis K. Cyclodextrins for the Delivery of Bioactive Compounds from Natural Sources: Medicinal, Food and Cosmetics Applications. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1274. [PMID: 37765082 PMCID: PMC10535610 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrins have gained significant and established attention as versatile carriers for the delivery of bioactive compounds derived from natural sources in various applications, including medicine, food and cosmetics. Their toroidal structure and hydrophobic cavity render them ideal candidates for encapsulating and solubilizing hydrophobic and poorly soluble compounds. Most medicinal, food and cosmetic ingredients share the challenges of hydrophobicity and degradation that can be effectively addressed by various cyclodextrin types. Though not new or novel-their first applications appeared in the market in the 1970s-their versatility has inspired numerous developments, either on the academic or industrial level. This review article provides an overview of the ever-growing applications of cyclodextrins in the delivery of bioactive compounds from natural sources and their potential application benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stamatia Christaki
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.C.); (A.K.); (I.M.)
| | - Eleni Spanidi
- APIVITA SA, Industrial Park, Markopoulo, 19003 Athens, Greece; (E.S.); (E.P.); (S.A.)
| | - Eleni Panagiotidou
- APIVITA SA, Industrial Park, Markopoulo, 19003 Athens, Greece; (E.S.); (E.P.); (S.A.)
| | - Sophia Athanasopoulou
- APIVITA SA, Industrial Park, Markopoulo, 19003 Athens, Greece; (E.S.); (E.P.); (S.A.)
| | - Anastasia Kyriakoudi
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.C.); (A.K.); (I.M.)
| | - Ioannis Mourtzinos
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.C.); (A.K.); (I.M.)
| | - Konstantinos Gardikis
- APIVITA SA, Industrial Park, Markopoulo, 19003 Athens, Greece; (E.S.); (E.P.); (S.A.)
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6
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Ko J, Yoo C, Xing D, Gonzalez DE, Jenkins V, Dickerson B, Leonard M, Nottingham K, Kendra J, Sowinski R, Rasmussen CJ, Kreider RB. Pharmacokinetic Analyses of Liposomal and Non-Liposomal Multivitamin/Mineral Formulations. Nutrients 2023; 15:3073. [PMID: 37447400 DOI: 10.3390/nu15133073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent research supports previous contentions that encapsulating vitamins and minerals with liposomes help improve overall bioavailability. This study examined whether ingesting a liposomal multivitamin and mineral supplement (MVM) differentially affects the appearance and/or clearance of vitamins and minerals in the blood compared to a non-liposomal MVM supplement. In a double-blind, randomized, and counterbalanced manner, 34 healthy men and women fasted for 12 h. Then, they ingested a non-liposomal (NL) or liposomal (L) MVM supplement and a standardized snack. Venous blood samples were obtained at 0, 2, 4, and 6 h after MVM ingestion and analyzed for a panel of vitamins and minerals. Plasma levels of vitamins and minerals and mean changes from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were analyzed using general linear model statistics with repeated measures. The observed values were also entered into pharmacokinetic analysis software and analyzed through univariate analysis of variance with repeated measure contrasts. The results revealed an overall treatment x time interaction effect among the vitamins and minerals evaluated (p = 0.051, ηp2 = 0.054, moderate effect). Differences between treatments were also observed in volume distribution area (vitamin E, iron), median residence time (vitamin E, iron), volume distribution area (iron), volume of distribution steady state (vitamin A, E, iron), clearance rates (vitamin A, E), elimination phase half-life (vitamin E, iron), distribution/absorption phase intercept (vitamin A), and distribution/absorption phase slope and rate (vitamin C, calcium). Vitamin volume distribution was lower with liposomal MVM ingestion than non-liposomal MVM sources, suggesting greater clearance and absorption since similar amounts of vitamins and minerals were ingested. These findings indicate that coating a MVM with liposomes affects individual nutrient pharmacokinetic profiles. Additional research should evaluate how long-term supplementation of liposomal MVM supplements may affect vitamin and mineral status, nutrient function, and/or health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joungbo Ko
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Choongsung Yoo
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Dante Xing
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Drew E Gonzalez
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Victoria Jenkins
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Broderick Dickerson
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Megan Leonard
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Kay Nottingham
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Jacob Kendra
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Ryan Sowinski
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Christopher J Rasmussen
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Richard B Kreider
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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7
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Wijekoon MMJO, Mahmood K, Ariffin F, Nafchi AM, Zulkurnain M. Recent advances in encapsulation of fat-soluble vitamins using polysaccharides, proteins, and lipids: A review on delivery systems, formulation, and industrial applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 241:124539. [PMID: 37085081 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Fat-soluble vitamins (FSVs) offer a range of beneficial properties as important nutrients in human nutrition. However, the high susceptibility to environmental conditions such as high temperature, light, and oxygen leads to the degradation of these compounds. This review highlights the different formulations underlying the encapsulation of FSVs in biopolymer (polysaccharide and protein) and lipid-based micro or nanocarriers for potential applications in food and pharmaceutical industries. In particular, the function of these carrier systems in terms of encapsulation efficiency, stability, bioavailability, and bio-accessibility is critically discussed. Recently, tremendous attention has been paid to encapsulating FSVs in commercial applications. According to the chemical nature of the active compound, the vigilant selection of delivery formulation, method of encapsulation, and final application (type of food) are the key important factors to be considered in the encapsulation of FSVs to ensure a high loading capacity, stability, bioavailability, and bio-accessibility. Future studies are recommended on the effect of different vitamin types and micro and nano encapsulate sizes on bioaccessibility and biocompatibility through in vitro/in vivo studies. Moreover, the toxicity and safety evaluation of encapsulated FSVs in human health should be evaluated before commercial application in food and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Jeevani Osadee Wijekoon
- Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Kaiser Mahmood
- Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Fazilah Ariffin
- Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia; Renewable Biomass Transformation Cluster, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Abdorreza Mohammadi Nafchi
- Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia; Department of Food Science and Technology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran; Green Biopolymer, Coatings & Packaging Cluster, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Musfirah Zulkurnain
- Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
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8
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Novel Approach for the Approximation of Vitamin D3 Pharmacokinetics from In Vivo Absorption Studies. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030783. [PMID: 36986644 PMCID: PMC10052077 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The changing environment and modified lifestyles have meant that many vitamins and minerals are deficient in a significant portion of the human population. Therefore, supplementation is a viable nutritional approach, which helps to maintain health and well-being. The supplementation efficiency of a highly hydrophobic compound such as cholecalciferol (logP > 7) depends predominantly on the formulation. To overcome difficulties associated with the evaluation of pharmacokinetics of cholecalciferol, a method based on the short time absorption data in the clinical study and physiologically based mathematical modeling is proposed. The method was used to compare pharmacokinetics of liposomal and oily formulations of vitamin D3. The liposomal formulation was more effective in elevating calcidiol concentration in serum. The determined AUC value for liposomal vitamin D3 formulation was four times bigger than that for the oily formulation.
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9
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Mariotti Zani E, Grandinetti R, Cunico D, Torelli L, Fainardi V, Pisi G, Esposito S. Nutritional Care in Children with Cystic Fibrosis. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030479. [PMID: 36771186 PMCID: PMC9921127 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) are prone to malnutrition and growth failure, mostly due to malabsorption caused by the derangement in the chloride transport across epithelial surfaces. Thus, optimal nutritional care and support should be an integral part of the management of the disease, with the aim of ameliorating clinical outcomes and life expectancy. In this report, we analyzed the nutrition support across the different ages, in patients with CF, with a focus on the relationships with growth, nutritional status, disease outcomes and the use of the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators. The nutrition support goal in CF care should begin as early as possible after diagnosis and include the achievement of an optimal nutritional status to support the growth stages and puberty development in children, that will further support the maintenance of an optimal nutritional status in adult life. The cornerstone of nutrition in patients with CF is a high calorie, high-fat diet, in conjunction with a better control of malabsorption due to pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy, and attention to the adequate supplementation of fat-soluble vitamins. When the oral caloric intake is not enough for reaching the anthropometric nutritional goals, supplemental enteral feeding should be initiated to improve growth and the nutritional status. In the last decade, the therapeutic possibilities towards CF have grown in a consistent way. The positive effects of CFTR modulators on nutritional status mainly consist in the improvement in weight gain and BMI, both in children and adults, and in an amelioration in terms of the pulmonary function and reduction of exacerbations. Several challenges need to be overcome with the development of new drugs, to transform CF from a fatal disease to a treatable chronic disease with specialized multidisciplinary care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Mariotti Zani
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Roberto Grandinetti
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Daniela Cunico
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Lisa Torelli
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Valentina Fainardi
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Giovanna Pisi
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0521-903524
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α-Tocopherol Pharmacokinetics in Adults with Cystic Fibrosis: Benefits of Supplemental Vitamin C Administration. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183717. [PMID: 36145092 PMCID: PMC9505313 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous abnormalities in cystic fibrosis (CF) could influence tocopherol absorption, transportation, storage, metabolism and excretion. We hypothesized that the oxidative distress due to inflammation in CF increases vitamin E utilization, which could be positively influenced by supplemental vitamin C administration. METHODS Immediately before and after receiving vitamin C (500 mg) twice daily for 3.5 weeks, adult CF patients (n = 6) with moderately advanced respiratory tract (RT) disease consumed a standardized breakfast with 30% fat and a capsule containing 50 mg each hexadeuterium (d6)-α- and dideuterium (d2)-γ-tocopheryl acetates. Blood samples were taken frequently up to 72 h; plasma tocopherol pharmacokinetics were determined. During both trials, d6-α- and d2-γ-tocopherols were similarly absorbed and reached similar maximal plasma concentrations ~18-20 h. As predicted, during vitamin C supplementation, the rates of plasma d6-α-tocopherol decline were significantly slower. CONCLUSIONS The vitamin C-induced decrease in the plasma disappearance rate of α-tocopherol suggests that vitamin C recycled α-tocopherol, thereby augmenting its concentrations. We conclude that some attention should be paid to plasma ascorbic acid concentrations in CF patients, particularly to those individuals with more advanced RT inflammatory disease and including those with severe exacerbations.
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11
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Tinsley GM, Harty PS, Stratton MT, Siedler MR, Rodriguez C. Liposomal Mineral Absorption: A Randomized Crossover Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163321. [PMID: 36014827 PMCID: PMC9414097 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Multivitamin/mineral (MVM) supplements are one of the most popular dietary supplement categories. The purpose of this analysis was to determine if a novel liposomal delivery mechanism improves mineral absorption from an MVM product. In a randomized crossover trial, 25 healthy participants (12 females, 13 males) completed two testing sessions in which blood samples were collected at baseline and 2, 4, and 6 h following the ingestion of either a liposomal MVM or a nutrient-matched standard MVM. Analysis of MVM products indicated an elemental iron content of 9.4 and 10.1 mg (~50% U.S. FDA Daily Value) and an elemental magnesium content of 22.0 and 23.3 mg (~5% U.S. FDA Daily Value) in the liposomal and standard MVM products, respectively. Blood samples were analyzed for concentrations of iron and magnesium using colorimetric assays. Changes in mineral concentrations were analyzed using linear mixed models, and pharmacokinetic parameters were compared between conditions. For iron, statistically significant condition × time interactions were observed for percent change from baseline (p = 0.002), rank of percent change from baseline (p = 0.01), and raw concentrations (p = 0.02). Follow-up testing indicated that the liposomal condition exhibited larger changes from baseline than the standard MVM condition at 4 (p = 0.0001; +14.3 ± 18.5% vs. −6.0 ± 13.1%) and 6 h (p = 0.0002; +1.0 ± 20.9% vs. −21.0 ± 15.3%) following MVM ingestion. These changes were further supported by a 50% greater mean incremental area under the curve in the liposomal condition (33.2 ± 30.9 vs. 19.8 ± 19.8 mcg/dL × 6 h; p = 0.02, Cohen’s d effect size = 0.52). In contrast, no differential effects for magnesium absorption were observed. In conclusion, iron absorption from an MVM product is enhanced by a liposomal delivery mechanism.
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12
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Nowak JK, Krzyżanowska-Jankowska P, Drzymała-Czyż S, Goździk-Spychalska J, Wojsyk-Banaszak I, Skorupa W, Sapiejka E, Miśkiewicz-Chotnicka A, Brylak J, Zielińska-Psuja B, Lisowska A, Walkowiak J. Fat-Soluble Vitamins in Standard vs. Liposomal Form Enriched with Vitamin K2 in Cystic Fibrosis: A Randomized Multi-Center Trial. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11020462. [PMID: 35054157 PMCID: PMC8777794 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11020462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We aimed to assess a liposomal fat-soluble vitamin formulation containing vitamin K2 with standard treatment in cystic fibrosis (CF). Methods: A multi-center randomized controlled trial was carried out in 100 pancreatic-insufficient patients with CF. The liposomal formulation contained vitamin A as retinyl palmitate (2667 IU daily) and beta-carotene (1333 IU), D3 (4000 IU), E (150 IU), K1 (2 mg), and K2 as menaquinone-7 (400 µg). It was compared with the standard vitamin preparations in the closest possible doses (2500 IU, 1428 IU, 4000 IU, 150 IU, 2.14 mg, respectively; no vitamin K2) over 3 months. Results: Forty-two patients finished the trial in the liposomal and 49 in the control group (overall 91 pts: 22.6 ± 7.6 years, 62.6% female, BMI 19.9 ± 2.8 kg/m2, FEV1% 70% ± 30%). The main outcome was the change of vitamin status in the serum during the study (liposomal vs. standard): all-trans-retinol (+1.48 ± 95.9 vs. −43.1 ± 121.4 ng/mL, p = 0.054), 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (+9.7 ± 13.4 vs. +2.0 ± 9.8 ng/mL, p = 0.004), α-tocopherol (+1.5 ± 2.5 vs. −0.2 ± 1.6 µg/mL, p < 0.001), %undercarboxylated osteocalcin (−17.2 ± 24.8% vs. −8.3 ± 18.5%, p = 0.061). The secondary outcome was the vitamin status at the trial end: all-trans-retinol (370.0 ± 116.5 vs. 323.1 ± 100.6 ng/mL, p = 0.045), 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (43.2 ± 16.6 vs. 32.7 ± 11.5 ng/mL, p < 0.001), α-tocopherol (9.0 ± 3.1 vs. 7.7 ± 3.0 µg/mL, p = 0.037), %undercarboxylated osteocalcin (13.0 ± 11.2% vs. 22.7 ± 22.0%, p = 0.008). Conclusion: The liposomal fat-soluble vitamin supplement containing vitamin K2 was superior to the standard form in delivering vitamin D3 and E in pancreatic-insufficient patients with CF. The supplement was also more effective in strengthening vitamin K-dependent carboxylation, and could improve vitamin A status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Krzysztof Nowak
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572 Poznan, Poland; (J.K.N.); (P.K.-J.); (S.D.-C.); (A.M.-C.); (J.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Patrycja Krzyżanowska-Jankowska
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572 Poznan, Poland; (J.K.N.); (P.K.-J.); (S.D.-C.); (A.M.-C.); (J.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Sławomira Drzymała-Czyż
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572 Poznan, Poland; (J.K.N.); (P.K.-J.); (S.D.-C.); (A.M.-C.); (J.B.); (A.L.)
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Marcelinska 42, 60-354 Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Goździk-Spychalska
- Department of Pulmonology, Allergology and Respiratory Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szamarzewskiego 84, 60-569 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Irena Wojsyk-Banaszak
- Department of Pediatric Pneumonology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Skorupa
- Department of Lung Diseases, Institute for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Plocka 26, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Ewa Sapiejka
- The Specialist Centre for Medical Care of Mother and Child, Polanki 119, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Anna Miśkiewicz-Chotnicka
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572 Poznan, Poland; (J.K.N.); (P.K.-J.); (S.D.-C.); (A.M.-C.); (J.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Jan Brylak
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572 Poznan, Poland; (J.K.N.); (P.K.-J.); (S.D.-C.); (A.M.-C.); (J.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Barbara Zielińska-Psuja
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dojazd 30, 60-631 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Lisowska
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572 Poznan, Poland; (J.K.N.); (P.K.-J.); (S.D.-C.); (A.M.-C.); (J.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Jarosław Walkowiak
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572 Poznan, Poland; (J.K.N.); (P.K.-J.); (S.D.-C.); (A.M.-C.); (J.B.); (A.L.)
- Correspondence:
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