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Abundis EM, Hernandez-Landero F, Escobar-Calderon G, Gomez-Crisostomo N, Contreras-Paredes A, de la Cruz-Hernandez E. Gene expression of cardiovascular risk markers in mononuclear cells of pregnant woman in relation to plasma leptin and homocysteine levels: A cross sectional study. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2024; 165:350-360. [PMID: 38126620 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.15302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between anthropometric, biochemical, and hematologic parameters and serum leptin and homocysteine (Hcy) levels. Also, to determine the effect of leptin and Hcy on expression of genes associated with cardiovascular disease susceptibility (APOA1, LRP1, COX-1, and COX-2) in mononuclear cells of healthy pregnant women. METHODS Between August 2018 and January 2020, a cross-sectional study was conducted on 161 healthy pregnant women in Tabasco, southeastern Mexico. The study population was classified by trimester, according to gestational pregnancy. Anthropometric, biochemical (leptin and homocysteine), and hematologic data were obtained under fasting conditions. APOA1, LRP1, COX-1, and COX-2 expression in mononuclear cells was evaluated using RT-qPCR. RESULTS Red cell indices (hemoglobin, hematocrit, and erythrocytes) were negatively and positively correlated with leptin and Hcy levels, respectively, in the first- and second-trimester groups. Increased leptin levels and low red cell indices were significantly associated with BMI <25.0 in the second-trimester group; however, no significant differences were observed in Hcy levels. Increased leptin and Hcy levels were significantly associated with high lipid indicators in the first- and third-trimester groups, respectively. High APOA1 and COX-2 expression was significantly associated with reduced leptin and increased Hcy levels in the second- and third-trimester groups. CONCLUSION Increased leptin and Hcy levels during pregnancy, mainly associated with modifications in erythrocytes and lipid indices, may lead to early modification of genes related to lipid metabolism (APOA1) and proinflammatory response (COX-2) and, thereby, increase cardiovascular disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Martínez Abundis
- Laboratorio de investigacion en Enfermedades Metabolicas e Infecciosas, Division Academica Multidisciplinaria de Comalcalco, Universidad Juarez Autonoma de Tabasco, Comalcalco, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Fernanda Hernandez-Landero
- Laboratorio de investigacion en Enfermedades Metabolicas e Infecciosas, Division Academica Multidisciplinaria de Comalcalco, Universidad Juarez Autonoma de Tabasco, Comalcalco, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Grecia Escobar-Calderon
- Laboratorio de investigacion en Enfermedades Metabolicas e Infecciosas, Division Academica Multidisciplinaria de Comalcalco, Universidad Juarez Autonoma de Tabasco, Comalcalco, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Nancy Gomez-Crisostomo
- Laboratorio de investigacion en Enfermedades Metabolicas e Infecciosas, Division Academica Multidisciplinaria de Comalcalco, Universidad Juarez Autonoma de Tabasco, Comalcalco, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Adriana Contreras-Paredes
- Unidad de Investigacion Biomedica en Cancer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Erick de la Cruz-Hernandez
- Laboratorio de investigacion en Enfermedades Metabolicas e Infecciosas, Division Academica Multidisciplinaria de Comalcalco, Universidad Juarez Autonoma de Tabasco, Comalcalco, Tabasco, Mexico
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Chang YH, Chang CS, Liu CY, Chang YF, Shun SC. Prediction of high visceral adipose tissue for sex-specific community residents in Taiwan. Nurs Health Sci 2024; 26:e13104. [PMID: 38413495 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.13104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Visceral adipose tissue accumulation is strongly linked with numerous chronic diseases; however, the accessibility for visceral adipose tissue measurement is limited. This study employed a cross-sectional design to determine the optimal strongest predictor of high visceral adipose tissue in each sex and identified the optimal cutoff value thereof. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 94 men and 326 women aged ≥40 years in southern Taiwan. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to explore the optimal predictor of high visceral adipose tissue (defined as ≥135 cm2 for men and ≥100 cm2 for women) in each sex. The waist-to-hip ratio was the strongest predictor for men, with a cutoff value of 0.96 yielding the maximum sensitivity (94.29%) and specificity (93.22%). By contrast, body mass index was the strongest predictor for women, with a cutoff value of 25.45 kg/m2 yielding the maximum sensitivity (87.18%) and specificity (87.55%). The results may serve as a reference for health policy-makers in screening for high visceral adipose tissue to identify individuals at high risk of developing chronic diseases for health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Nursing, National Tainan Junior College of Nursing, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Sung Chang
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Yu Liu
- Department of Health Care Management, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Fan Chang
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shiow-Ching Shun
- Institute of Clinical Nursing, College of Nursing, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chai C, Chen L, Deng MG, Liang Y, Liu F, Nie JQ. Dietary choline intake and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in U.S. adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-2018. Eur J Clin Nutr 2023; 77:1160-1166. [PMID: 37634048 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-023-01336-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether there is an association between dietary choline intake and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in American adults remains unclear. METHODS Data came from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017-2018. Choline intake was defined by the mean amounts of two 24 h dietary recalls, and choline intake was categorized into three groups according to the quartiles: inadequate ( P75). Hepatic steatosis was assessed with FibroScan®, in which VCTE was employed with controlled attenuation to derive the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), and NAFLD was defined as a CAP score ≥285 dB/m. Multivariable linear regression was performed to assess the linear relationship between choline intake and CAP. Multivariable logistics regression models were conducted to assess the association between choline intake status and NAFLD in the final sample and subgroup analysis was then performed in men and women. RESULTS The amount of dietary choline was inversely associated with CAP score (β = -0.262, 95% CI: -0.280, -0.245). Compared to inadequate choline intake, optimal choline intake was related to a lower risk of NAFLD (OR: 0.705, 95% CI: 0.704-0.706) in the final sample. Subgroup analysis by gender revealed that the highest choline intake status was associated with a lower risk of NAFLD both in females (OR: 0.764, 95% CI: 0.762-0.766), and males (OR: 0.955, 95% CI: 0.953-0.958) when compared to the lowest choline intake. CONCLUSIONS With the latest NHANES data, we found that higher dietary choline was associated with a lower risk of NAFLD in American adults, and such a relationship exists in both females and males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chai
- Emergency Center, Hubei Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Resuscitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Lin Chen
- Emergency Department, Xiantao First People's Hospital Affiliated to Changjiang University, Xiantao, China
| | - Ming-Gang Deng
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yuehui Liang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Fang Liu
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jia-Qi Nie
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
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Wu CH, Chang TY, Chen YC, Huang RFS. PEMT rs7946 Polymorphism and Sex Modify the Effect of Adequate Dietary Choline Intake on the Risk of Hepatic Steatosis in Older Patients with Metabolic Disorders. Nutrients 2023; 15:3211. [PMID: 37513629 PMCID: PMC10383596 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans, PEMT rs7946 polymorphism exerts sex-specific effects on choline requirement and hepatic steatosis (HS) risk. Few studies have explored the interaction effect of the PEMT rs7946 polymorphism and sex on the effect of adequate choline intake on HS risk. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the association between PEMT polymorphism and adequate choline intake on HS risk. We enrolled 250 older patients with metabolic disorders with (n = 152) or without (n = 98; control) ultrasonically diagnosed HS. An elevated PEMT rs7946 A allele level was associated with a lower HS risk and body mass index in both men and women. Dietary choline intake-assessed using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire-was associated with reduced obesity in men only (p for trend < 0.05). ROC curve analysis revealed that the cutoff value of energy-adjusted choline intake for HS diagnosis was 448 mg/day in women (AUC: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.57-0.77) and 424 mg/day in men (AUC: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.57-0.76). In women, GG genotype and high choline intake (>448 mg/day) were associated with a 79% reduction in HS risk (adjusted OR: 0.21; 95% CI: 0.05-0.82); notably, GA or AA genotype was associated with a reduced HS risk regardless of choline intake (p < 0.05). In men, GG genotype and high choline intake (>424 mg/day) were associated with a 3.7-fold increase in HS risk (OR: 3.7; 95% CI: 1.19-11.9). Further adjustments for a high-density lipoprotein level and body mass index mitigated the effect of choline intake on HS risk. Current dietary choline intake may be inadequate for minimizing HS risk in postmenopausal Taiwanese women carrying the PEMT rs7946 GG genotype. Older men consuming more than the recommended amount of choline may have an increased risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; this risk is mediated by a high-density lipoprotein level and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hsien Wu
- Ph.D. Program in Nutrition and Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Taipei Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Taipei City 242033, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yu Chang
- Department of Nutritional Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chu Chen
- Department of Nutritional Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan
| | - Rwei-Fen S Huang
- Ph.D. Program in Nutrition and Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan
- Department of Nutritional Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan
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Quadros EV. Folate and Other B Vitamins in Brain Health and Disease. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112525. [PMID: 37299487 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
B vitamins as a group play essential roles in a multitude of metabolic reactions involved in cellular replication, energy production, the synthesis of intermediary compounds, and neurotransmitters [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward V Quadros
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11209, USA
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Yang Y, Lu M, Qian J, Xu Y, Li B, Le G, Xie Y. Dietary Methionine Restriction Promotes Fat Browning and Attenuates Hepatic Lipid Accumulation in High-Choline-Fed Mice Associated with the Improvement of Thyroid Function. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:1447-1463. [PMID: 36632677 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to explore the influences of a methionine-restricted diet (MRD) on fat browning and hepatic lipid accumulation in mice fed with a high-choline diet (HCD) and their possible mechanisms. ICR mice were randomly divided into three groups and fed with a normal diet (0.86% methionine + 0.20% choline, ND), HCD (0.86% methionine + 1.20% choline), or MRD (0.17% methionine + 1.20% choline) for 90 consecutive days. We found that MRD reduced body weight and fat mass; increased heat production and ambulatory locomotor activity; reduced hepatic and plasma lipid levels, hepatic fatty infiltration area, and adipocyte volume in white and brown adipose tissue; promoted fat browning, especially upregulated gene and protein expression levels of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1); and promoted fat catabolism and inhibited fat anabolism in the liver and adipose tissue. Moreover, MRD increased antioxidant defenses and reduced inflammatory cytokine levels in the thyroid, blood, and liver. Furthermore, MRD improved thyroid morphological structure, promoted the synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones, and enhanced the actions of thyroid hormones on its receptor organs (liver and adipose tissue). These findings suggested that MRD promoted fat browning and attenuated hepatic lipid accumulation in HCD mice associated with the improvement of thyroid function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Manman Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Jing Qian
- National Engineering Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yuncong Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Bowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guowei Le
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanli Xie
- National Engineering Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
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Homocysteine causes neuronal leptin resistance and endoplasmic reticulum stress. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278965. [PMID: 36512575 PMCID: PMC9746958 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormally high serum homocysteine levels have been associated with several disorders, including obesity, cardiovascular diseases or neurological diseases. Leptin is an anti-obesity protein and its action is mainly mediated by the activation of its Ob-R receptor in neuronal cells. The inability of leptin to induce activation of its specific signaling pathways, especially under endoplasmic reticulum stress, leads to the leptin resistance observed in obesity. The present study examined the effect of homocysteine on leptin signaling in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells expressing the leptin receptor Ob-Rb. Phosphorylation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3) and leptin-induced STAT3 transcriptional activity were significantly inhibited by homocysteine treatment. These effects may be specific to homocysteine and to the leptin pathway, as other homocysteine-related compounds, namely methionine and cysteine, have weak effect on leptin-induced inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation, and homocysteine has no impact on IL-6-induced activation of STAT3. The direct effect of homocysteine on leptin-induced Ob-R activation, analyzed by Ob-R BRET biosensor to monitor Ob-R oligomerization and conformational change, suggested that homocysteine treatment does not affect early events of leptin-induced Ob-R activation. Instead, we found that, unlike methionine or cysteine, homocysteine increases the expression of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response gene, a homocysteine-sensitive ER resident protein. These results suggest that homocysteine may induce neuronal resistance to leptin by suppressing STAT3 phosphorylation downstream of the leptin receptor via ER stress.
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Pezzino S, Sofia M, Faletra G, Mazzone C, Litrico G, La Greca G, Latteri S. Gut-Liver Axis and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Vicious Circle of Dysfunctions Orchestrated by the Gut Microbiome. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:1622. [PMID: 36358323 PMCID: PMC9687983 DOI: 10.3390/biology11111622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent, multifactorial, and poorly understood liver disease with an increasing incidence worldwide. NAFLD is typically asymptomatic and coupled with other symptoms of metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of NAFLD is rising in tandem with the prevalence of obesity. In the Western hemisphere, NAFLD is one of the most prevalent causes of liver disease and liver transplantation. Recent research suggests that gut microbiome dysbiosis may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD by dysregulating the gut-liver axis. The so-called "gut-liver axis" refers to the communication and feedback loop between the digestive system and the liver. Several pathological mechanisms characterized the alteration of the gut-liver axis, such as the impairment of the gut barrier and the increase of the intestinal permeability which result in endotoxemia and inflammation, and changes in bile acid profiles and metabolite levels produced by the gut microbiome. This review will explore the role of gut-liver axis disruption, mediated by gut microbiome dysbiosis, on NAFLD development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Saverio Latteri
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G. F. Ingrassia”, Cannizzaro Hospital, University of Catania, 95126 Catania, Italy
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Szkudelska K, Szkudelski T. The anti-diabetic potential of betaine. Mechanisms of action in rodent models of type 2 diabetes. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:112946. [PMID: 35413601 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Betaine (N, N, N-trimethylglycine) is an amino-acid derivative exerting numerous beneficial effects on the organism. This compound is found in human and animal diets but is also endogenously generated. However, its synthesis may be insufficient to maintain or improve health. Moreover, the tissue content of betaine reduces under some pathological conditions, such as type 2 diabetes. This decrease may be, however, easily alleviated by dietary betaine supplementation. Rodent studies provided evidence that betaine effectively limits many diabetes-related disturbances. Betaine therapy improves glucose tolerance and insulin action, which is strongly associated with changes in insulin-sensitive tissues, such as skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and liver. Betaine supplementation positively affects multiple genes, which expression is dysregulated in diabetes. AMP-activated protein kinase is thought to play a central role in the mechanism underlying the anti-diabetic betaine action. Moreover, studies with animal models of type 2 diabetes have shown that betaine exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects, and also alleviates endoplasmic reticulum stress. These changes contribute to improved insulin sensitivity and better blood glucose clearance. The results of animal studies encourage the exploration of the therapeutic betaine efficacy in humans with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Szkudelska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomasz Szkudelski
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637 Poznań, Poland.
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