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Ding W, Liu C, Huang C, Zhang X, Chi X, Wang T, Guo Q, Wang C. The Formation of D-Allulose 3-Epimerase Hybrid Nanoflowers and Co-Immobilization on Resins for Improved Enzyme Activity, Stability, and Processability. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6361. [PMID: 38928068 PMCID: PMC11203923 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
As a low-calorie sugar, D-allulose is produced from D-fructose catalyzed by D-allulose 3-epimerase (DAE). Here, to improve the catalytic activity, stability, and processability of DAE, we reported a novel method by forming organic-inorganic hybrid nanoflowers (NF-DAEs) and co-immobilizing them on resins to form composites (Re-NF-DAEs). NF-DAEs were prepared by combining DAE with metal ions (Co2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Ca2+, Ni2+, Fe2+, and Fe3+) in PBS buffer, and were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. All of the NF-DAEs showed higher catalytic activities than free DAE, and the NF-DAE with Ni2+ (NF-DAE-Ni) reached the highest relative activity of 218%. The NF-DAEs improved the thermal stability of DAE, and the longest half-life reached 228 min for NF-DAE-Co compared with 105 min for the free DAE at 55 °C. To further improve the recycling performance of the NF-DAEs in practical applications, we combined resins and NF-DAEs to form Re-NF-DAEs. Resins and NF-DAEs co-effected the performance of the composites, and ReA (LXTE-606 neutral hydrophobic epoxy-based polypropylene macroreticular resins)-based composites (ReA-NF-DAEs) exhibited outstanding relative activities, thermal stabilities, storage stabilities, and processabilities. The ReA-NF-DAEs were able to be reused to catalyze the conversion from D-fructose to D-allulose, and kept more than 60% of their activities after eight cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Ding
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (W.D.); (C.L.); (C.H.); (X.Z.); (X.C.); (T.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Chensa Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (W.D.); (C.L.); (C.H.); (X.Z.); (X.C.); (T.W.)
| | - Chi Huang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (W.D.); (C.L.); (C.H.); (X.Z.); (X.C.); (T.W.)
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (W.D.); (C.L.); (C.H.); (X.Z.); (X.C.); (T.W.)
| | - Xinyi Chi
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (W.D.); (C.L.); (C.H.); (X.Z.); (X.C.); (T.W.)
| | - Tong Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (W.D.); (C.L.); (C.H.); (X.Z.); (X.C.); (T.W.)
| | - Qingbin Guo
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (W.D.); (C.L.); (C.H.); (X.Z.); (X.C.); (T.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Changlu Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (W.D.); (C.L.); (C.H.); (X.Z.); (X.C.); (T.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
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Metabolic Effects and Safety Aspects of Acute D-allulose and Erythritol Administration in Healthy Subjects. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020458. [PMID: 36678329 PMCID: PMC9863415 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid increase in sugar consumption is associated with various negative metabolic and inflammatory effects; therefore, alternative sweeteners become of interest. The aim of this study was to investigate the metabolic effects and safety aspects of acute D-allulose and erythritol on glucose, insulin, ghrelin, blood lipids, uric acid, and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP). In three study visits, 18 healthy subjects received an intragastric administration of 25 g D-allulose or 50 g erythritol, or 300 mL tap water (placebo) in a randomized, double-blind and crossover order. To measure the aforementioned parameters, blood samples were drawn at fixed time intervals. Glucose and insulin concentrations were lower after D-allulose compared to tap water (p = 0.001, dz = 0.91 and p = 0.005, dz = 0.58, respectively); however, Bayesian models show no difference for insulin in response to D-allulose compared to tap water, and there was no effect after erythritol. An exploratory analysis showed that ghrelin concentrations were reduced after erythritol compared to tap water (p = 0.026, dz = 0.59), with no effect after D-allulose; in addition, both sweeteners had no effect on blood lipids, uric acid and hsCRP. This combination of properties identifies both sweeteners as excellent candidates for effective and safe sugar alternatives.
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Efficient Utilization of Fruit Peels for the Bioproduction of D-Allulose and D-Mannitol. Foods 2022; 11:foods11223613. [PMID: 36429205 PMCID: PMC9689084 DOI: 10.3390/foods11223613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the demand for low-calorie sweeteners has grown dramatically because consumers are more mindful of their health than they used to be. Therefore, bioproduction of low-calorie sweeteners from low-cost raw materials becomes a hot spot. In this study, a two-stage strategy was established to efficiently utilize D-fructose from fruit and vegetable wastes. Firstly, ketose 3-epimerase was used to produce D-allulose from D-fructose of pear peels. Secondly, the residual D-fructose was converted to D-mannitol by the engineered strain co-expression of D-mannitol 2-dehydrogenase and formate dehydrogenase. Approximately 29.4% D-fructose of pear peels was converted to D-allulose. Subsequently, under optimal conditions (35 °C, pH 6.5, 1 mM Mn2+, 2 g/L dry cells), almost all the residual D-fructose was transformed into D-mannitol with a 93.5% conversion rate. Eventually, from 1 kg fresh pear peel, it could produce 10.8 g of D-allulose and 24.6 g of D-mannitol. This bioprocess strategy provides a vital method to biosynthesize high-value functional sugars from low-cost biomass.
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