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Zeng Y, Ahmed HGMD, Li X, Yang L, Pu X, Yang X, Yang T, Yang J. Physiological Mechanisms by Which the Functional Ingredients in Beer Impact Human Health. Molecules 2024; 29:3110. [PMID: 38999065 PMCID: PMC11243521 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Nutritional therapy, for example through beer, is the best solution to human chronic diseases. In this article, we demonstrate the physiological mechanisms of the functional ingredients in beer with health-promoting effects, based on the PubMed, Google, CNKI, and ISI Web of Science databases, published from 1997 to 2024. Beer, a complex of barley malt and hops, is rich in functional ingredients. The health effects of beer against 26 chronic diseases are highly similar to those of barley due to the physiological mechanisms of polyphenols (phenolic acids, flavonoids), melatonin, minerals, bitter acids, vitamins, and peptides. Functional beer with low purine and high active ingredients made from pure barley malt, as well as an additional functional food, represents an important development direction, specifically, ginger beer, ginseng beer, and coix-lily beer, as consumed by our ancestors ca. 9000 years ago. Low-purine beer can be produced via enzymatic and biological degradation and adsorption of purines, as well as dandelion addition. Therefore, this review paper not only reveals the physiological mechanisms of beer in overcoming chronic human diseases, but also provides a scientific basis for the development of functional beer with health-promoting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Zeng
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Hafiz Ghulam Muhu-Din Ahmed
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Xia Li
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Li'e Yang
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Xiaoying Pu
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Xiaomeng Yang
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Jiazhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming 650205, China
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Amaro-Reyes A, Marcial-Ramírez D, Vázquez-Landaverde PA, Utrilla J, Escamilla-García M, Regalado C, Macias-Bobadilla G, Campos-Guillén J, Ramos-López MA, Favela-Camacho SE. Electrostatic Fermentation: Molecular Response Insights for Tailored Beer Production. Foods 2024; 13:600. [PMID: 38397576 PMCID: PMC10887865 DOI: 10.3390/foods13040600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Electrostatic fermentation avoids the cellular redox imbalance of traditional fermentation, but knowledge gaps exist. This study explores the impact of electrostatic fermentation on the growth, volatile profile, and genetic response of Saccharomyces pastorianus Saflager S-23. The applied voltage (15 and 30 V) in the electrostatic fermentation system increased the growth and substrate utilization of S. pastorianus while decreasing ethanol production. The aromas typically associated with traditional fermentation, such as alcoholic, grape, apple, and sweet notes, were diminished, while aromas like roses, fruits, flowers, and bananas were augmented in electrostatic fermentation. RNA-seq analysis revealed upregulation of genes involved in cell wall structure, oxidoreductase activity, and iron ion binding, while genes associated with protein synthesis, growth control, homeostasis, and membrane function were downregulated under the influence of applied voltage. The electrostatic fermentation system modulates genetic responses and metabolic pathways in yeast, rendering it a promising method for tailored beer production. Demonstrating feasibility under industrial-scale and realistic conditions is crucial for advancing towards commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Amaro-Reyes
- Faculty of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Queretaro, C.U., Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Las Campanas, Querétaro 76010, QRO, Mexico; (M.E.-G.); (J.C.-G.); (M.A.R.-L.)
- Department of Food Research and Postgraduate Studies, Faculty of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Queretaro, C.U., Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Las Campanas, Querétaro 76010, QRO, Mexico; (D.M.-R.); (C.R.)
| | - Diana Marcial-Ramírez
- Department of Food Research and Postgraduate Studies, Faculty of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Queretaro, C.U., Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Las Campanas, Querétaro 76010, QRO, Mexico; (D.M.-R.); (C.R.)
| | - Pedro Alberto Vázquez-Landaverde
- Center for Research in Applied Science and Advanced Technology, Querétaro Unit, National Polytechnic Institute, Cerro Blanco 141, Colinas del Cimatario, Querétaro 76090, QRO, Mexico;
| | - José Utrilla
- Synthetic Biology Program, Center for Genomic Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Avenida Universidad 2001, Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62210, MOR, Mexico;
| | - Monserrat Escamilla-García
- Faculty of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Queretaro, C.U., Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Las Campanas, Querétaro 76010, QRO, Mexico; (M.E.-G.); (J.C.-G.); (M.A.R.-L.)
| | - Carlos Regalado
- Department of Food Research and Postgraduate Studies, Faculty of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Queretaro, C.U., Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Las Campanas, Querétaro 76010, QRO, Mexico; (D.M.-R.); (C.R.)
| | - Gonzalo Macias-Bobadilla
- Division of Postgraduate Studies, Faculty of Engineering, Autonomous University of Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Las Campanas, Querétaro 76010, QRO, Mexico;
| | - Juan Campos-Guillén
- Faculty of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Queretaro, C.U., Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Las Campanas, Querétaro 76010, QRO, Mexico; (M.E.-G.); (J.C.-G.); (M.A.R.-L.)
| | - Miguel Angel Ramos-López
- Faculty of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Queretaro, C.U., Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Las Campanas, Querétaro 76010, QRO, Mexico; (M.E.-G.); (J.C.-G.); (M.A.R.-L.)
| | - Sarai E. Favela-Camacho
- Institute of Engineering and Technology, Autonomous University of Ciudad Juárez, Avenida del Charro s/n y, Calle Henry Dunant, Omega, Cd Juárez 32584, CHIH, Mexico;
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Zhang S, Jin S, Zhang C, Hu S, Li H. Beer-gut microbiome alliance: a discussion of beer-mediated immunomodulation via the gut microbiome. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1186927. [PMID: 37560062 PMCID: PMC10408452 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1186927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
As a long-established fermented beverage, beer is rich in many essential amino acids, vitamins, trace elements, and bioactive substances that are involved in the regulation of many human physiological functions. The polyphenols in the malt and hops of beer are also important active compounds that interact in both directions with the gut microbiome. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which polyphenols, fiber, and other beneficial components of beer are fermentatively broken down by the intestinal microbiome to initiate the mucosal immune barrier and thus participate in immune regulation. Beer degradation products have anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, antioxidant, and glucolipid metabolism-modulating potential. We have categorized and summarized reported data on changes in disease indicators and in vivo gut microbiota abundance following alcoholic and non-alcoholic beer consumption. The positive effects of bioactive substances in beer in cancer prevention, reduction of cardiovascular events, and modulation of metabolic syndrome make it one of the candidates for microecological modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silu Zhang
- Department of Microecology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shuo Jin
- Department of Microecology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Cui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Fermentation Engineering of Beer, Tsingtao Brewery Co. Ltd., Qingdao, China
| | - Shumin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Fermentation Engineering of Beer, Tsingtao Brewery Co. Ltd., Qingdao, China
| | - Huajun Li
- Department of Microecology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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