1
|
Prasertsee T, Prachantasena S, Tantitaveewattana P, Chuaythammakit P, Pascoe B, Patchanee P. Assessing antimicrobial resistance profiles of Salmonella enterica in the pork production system. J Med Microbiol 2024; 73. [PMID: 39320348 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Salmonella enterica is a significant enteric pathogen affecting human and livestock health. Pork production is a common source of Salmonella contamination, with emerging multidrug resistance (MDR) posing a global health threat.Gap statement. Salmonella contamination and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles in the pig production chain are underreported.Aim. To investigate the prevalence of S. enterica in the pig production chain and characterise their AMR profiles.Methodology. We collected 485 samples from pig farms, a standard pig abattoir and retail markets in Patthalung and Songkhla provinces in southern Thailand. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on these samples, and AMR profiles were determined.Results. S. enterica was detected in 68.67% of farm samples, 45.95% of abattoir samples and 50.67% of retail market samples. Analysis of 264 isolates, representing 18 serotypes, identified S. enterica serotype Rissen as the most prevalent. The predominant resistance phenotypes included ampicillin (AMP, 91.29%), tetracycline (TET, 88.26%) and streptomycin (STR, 84.47%). Over 80% of isolates showed resistance to three or more antimicrobial classes, indicating MDR. The AMP-STR-TET resistance pattern was found in nearly 70% of all MDR isolates across the production chain.Conclusions. The high prevalence of MDR is consistent with extensive antimicrobial use in the livestock sector. The presence of extensively resistant S. enterica highlights the urgent need for antimicrobial stewardship. Strengthening preventive strategies and control measures is crucial to mitigate the risk of MDR Salmonella spreading from farm to fork.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teerarat Prasertsee
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | | | | | | | - Ben Pascoe
- Department of Biology, Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Muang, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Prapas Patchanee
- Veterinary Academic Office, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Muang, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li Z, Zhang M, Lei G, Lu X, Yang X, Kan B. A Single Base Change in the csgD Promoter Resulted in Enhanced Biofilm in Swine-Derived Salmonella Typhimurium. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1258. [PMID: 39065026 PMCID: PMC11278976 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic Salmonella strains causing gastroenteritis typically can colonize and proliferate in the intestines of multiple host species. They retain the ability to form red dry and rough (rdar) biofilms, as seen in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Conversely, Salmonella serovar like Typhi, which can cause systemic infections and exhibit host restriction, are rdar-negative. In this study, duck-derived strains and swine-derived strains of S. Typhimurium locate on independent phylogenetic clades and display relative genomic specificity. The duck isolates appear more closely related to human blood isolates and invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS), whereas the swine isolates were more distinct. Phenotypically, compared to duck isolates, swine isolates exhibited enhanced biofilm formation that was unaffected by the temperature. The transcriptomic analysis revealed the upregulation of csgDEFG transcription as the direct cause. This upregulation may be mainly attributed to the enhanced promoter activity caused by the G-to-T substitution at position -44 of the csgD promoter. Swine isolates have created biofilm polymorphisms by altering a conserved base present in Salmonella Typhi, iNTS, and most Salmonella Typhimurium (such as duck isolates). This provides a genomic characteristics perspective for understanding Salmonella transmission cycles and evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (Z.L.)
| | - Mengke Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (Z.L.)
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Gaopeng Lei
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xin Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (Z.L.)
| | - Xiaorong Yang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Biao Kan
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (Z.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ayuti SR, Khairullah AR, Al-Arif MA, Lamid M, Warsito SH, Moses IB, Hermawan IP, Silaen OSM, Lokapirnasari WP, Aryaloka S, Ferasyi TR, Hasib A, Delima M. Tackling salmonellosis: A comprehensive exploration of risks factors, impacts, and solutions. Open Vet J 2024; 14:1313-1329. [PMID: 39055762 PMCID: PMC11268913 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2024.v14.i6.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Salmonellosis, caused by Salmonella species, is one of the most common foodborne illnesses worldwide with an estimated 93.8 million cases and about 155,00 fatalities. In both industrialized and developing nations, Salmonellosis has been reported to be one of the most prevalent foodborne zoonoses and is linked with arrays of illness syndromes such as acute and chronic enteritis, and septicaemia. The two major and most common Salmonella species implicated in both warm-blooded and cold-blooded animals are Salmonella bongori and Salmonella enterica. To date, more than 2400 S. enterica serovars which affect both humans and animals have been identified. Salmonella is further classified into serotypes based on three primary antigenic determinants: somatic (O), flagella (H), and capsular (K). The capacity of nearly all Salmonella species to infect, multiply, and survive in human host cells with the aid of their pathogenic and virulence arsenals makes them deadly and important public health pathogens. Primarily, food-producing animals such as poultry, swine, cattle, and their products have been identified as important sources of salmonellosis. Additionally, raw fruits and vegetables are among other food types that have been linked to the spread of Salmonella spp. Based on the clinical manifestation of human salmonellosis, Salmonella strains can be categorized as either non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) and typhoidal Salmonella. The detection of aseptically collected Salmonella in necropsies, environmental samples, feedstuffs, rectal swabs, and food products serves as the basis for diagnosis. In developing nations, typhoid fever due to Salmonella Typhi typically results in the death of 5%-30% of those affected. The World Health Organization (WHO) calculated that there are between 16 and 17 million typhoid cases worldwide each year, with scaring 600,000 deaths as a result. The contagiousness of a Salmonella outbreak depends on the bacterial strain, serovar, growth environment, and host susceptibility. Risk factors for Salmonella infection include a variety of foods; for example, contaminated chicken, beef, and pork. Globally, there is a growing incidence and emergence of life-threatening clinical cases, especially due to multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella spp, including strains exhibiting resistance to important antimicrobials such as beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, and third-generation cephalosporins. In extreme cases, especially in situations involving very difficult-to-treat strains, death usually results. The severity of the infections resulting from Salmonella pathogens is dependent on the serovar type, host susceptibility, the type of bacterial strains, and growth environment. This review therefore aims to detail the nomenclature, etiology, history, pathogenesis, reservoir, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, epidemiology, transmission, risk factors, antimicrobial resistance, public health importance, economic impact, treatment, and control of salmonellosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siti Rani Ayuti
- Doctoral Program of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
- Research Center of Aceh Cattle and Local Livestock, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Aswin Rafif Khairullah
- Research Center for Veterinary Science, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Mohammad Anam Al-Arif
- Division of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Mirni Lamid
- Division of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Sunaryo Hadi Warsito
- Division of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | | | - Otto Sahat Martua Silaen
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Suhita Aryaloka
- Master Program of Veterinary Agribusiness, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Teuku Reza Ferasyi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
- Center for Tropical Veterinary Studies-One Health Collaboration Center, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Abdullah Hasib
- School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Australia
| | - Mira Delima
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ma Y, Wang S, Hong B, Feng L, Wang J. Construction and Mechanism Exploration of Highly Efficient System for Bacterial Ghosts Preparation Based on Engineered Phage ID52 Lysis Protein E. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:472. [PMID: 38793723 PMCID: PMC11126076 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12050472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial ghosts (BGs) are hollow bacterial cell envelopes with intact cellular structures, presenting as promising candidates for various biotechnological and biomedical applications. However, the yield and productivity of BGs have encountered limitations, hindering their large-scale preparation and multi-faceted applications of BGs. Further optimization of BGs is needed for the commercial application of BG technology. In this study, we screened out the most effective lysis protein ID52-E-W4A among 13 mutants based on phage ID52 lysis protein E and optimized the liquid culture medium for preparing Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN). The results revealed a significantly higher lysis rate of ID52-E-W4A compared to that of ID52-E in the 2xYT medium. Furthermore, EcN BGs were cultivated in a fermenter, achieving an initial OD600 as high as 6.0 after optimization, indicating enhanced BG production. Moreover, the yield of ID52-E-W4A-induced BGs reached 67.0%, contrasting with only a 3.1% yield from φX174-E-induced BGs. The extended applicability of the lysis protein ID52-E-W4A was demonstrated through the preparation of Salmonella pullorum ghosts and Salmonella choleraesuis ghosts. Knocking out the molecular chaperone gene slyD and dnaJ revealed that ID52-mediated BGs could still undergo lysis. Conversely, overexpression of integral membrane enzyme gene mraY resulted in the loss of lysis activity for ID52-E, suggesting that the lysis protein ID52-E may no longer rely on SlyD or DnaJ to function, with MraY potentially being the target of ID52-E. This study introduces a novel approach utilizing ID52-E-W4A for recombinant expression, accelerating the BG formation and thereby enhancing BG yield and productivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ma
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China (J.W.)
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Grandmont A, Rhouma M, Létourneau-Montminy MP, Thériault W, Mainville I, Arcand Y, Leduc R, Demers B, Thibodeau A. Characterization of the Effects of a Novel Probiotic on Salmonella Colonization of a Piglet-Derived Intestinal Microbiota Using Improved Bioreactor. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:787. [PMID: 38473172 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The carriage of Salmonella in pigs is a major concern for the agri-food industry and for global healthcare systems. Humans could develop salmonellosis when consuming contaminated pig products. On the other hand, some Salmonella serotypes could cause disease in swine, leading to economic losses on farms. The purpose of the present study was to characterize the anti-Salmonella activity of a novel Bacillus-based probiotic using a bioreactor containing a piglet-derived intestinal microbiota. Two methods of probiotic administration were tested: a single daily and a continuous dose. Salmonella enumeration was performed using selective agar at T24h, T48h, T72h, T96h and T120h. The DNA was extracted from bioreactor samples to perform microbiome profiling by targeted 16S rRNA gene sequencing on Illumina Miseq. The quantification of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) was also assessed at T120h. The probiotic decreased Salmonella counts at T96 for the daily dose and at T120 for the continuous one. Both probiotic doses affected the alpha and beta diversity of the piglet-derived microbiota (p < 0.05). A decrease in acetate concentration and an increase in propionate proportion were observed in the continuous condition. In conclusion, the tested Bacillus-based product showed a potential to modulate microbiota and reduce Salmonella colonization in a piglet-derived intestinal microbiota and could therefore be used in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amely Grandmont
- Chaire de Recherche en Salubrité des Viandes, Département de Microbiologie et Pathologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche et d'Enseignement en Salubrité Alimentaire, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Mohamed Rhouma
- Chaire de Recherche en Salubrité des Viandes, Département de Microbiologie et Pathologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche et d'Enseignement en Salubrité Alimentaire, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Marie-Pierre Létourneau-Montminy
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Chaire de Recherche sur les Stratégies Alternatives d'Alimentation des Porcs et des Volailles: Approche Systémique pour un Développement Durable, Faculté des Sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - William Thériault
- Chaire de Recherche en Salubrité des Viandes, Département de Microbiologie et Pathologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche et d'Enseignement en Salubrité Alimentaire, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | | | - Yves Arcand
- Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 8E3, Canada
| | - Roland Leduc
- NUVAC Éco-Sciences, Valcourt, QC J0E 2L0, Canada
| | - Bruno Demers
- NUVAC Éco-Sciences, Valcourt, QC J0E 2L0, Canada
| | - Alexandre Thibodeau
- Chaire de Recherche en Salubrité des Viandes, Département de Microbiologie et Pathologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche et d'Enseignement en Salubrité Alimentaire, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhao QY, Zhang L, Yang JT, Wei HJ, Zhang YH, Wang JY, Liu WZ, Jiang HX. Diversity of evolution in MDR monophasic S. Typhimurium among food animals and food products in Southern China from 2011 to 2018. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 412:110572. [PMID: 38237416 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
The monophasic variant of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium with the antigenic formula 1,4,[5],12:i:- is one of the most common pathogenic bacteria causing global food-borne outbreaks. However, the research on molecular characteristics and evolution of monophasic S. typhimurium in China is still lacking. In the current study, 59 monophasic S. typhimurium strains were isolated from food animals and food products in South China between 2011 and 2018. A total of 87.5 % of monophasic S. typhimurium isolates were grouped into one independent clade with other monophasic S. typhimurium strains in China distinct from other countries by phylogenomic analysis. These isolates possess variable genotypes, including multiple ARGs on plasmid IncHI2, diverse evolutions at the fljAB locus, and virulence factors. Our results suggest that the monophasic S. typhimurium isolates currently circulating in China might be an independent epidemic subtype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Yun Zhao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jin-Tao Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hai-Jing Wei
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yu-Hua Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiang-Yang Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wen-Zi Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hong-Xia Jiang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| |
Collapse
|