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Zhang Q, Kisand K, Feng Y, Rinchai D, Jouanguy E, Cobat A, Casanova JL, Zhang SY. In search of a function for human type III interferons: insights from inherited and acquired deficits. Curr Opin Immunol 2024; 87:102427. [PMID: 38781720 PMCID: PMC11209856 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2024.102427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The essential and redundant functions of human type I and II interferons (IFNs) have been delineated over the last three decades by studies of patients with inborn errors of immunity or their autoimmune phenocopies, but much less is known about type III IFNs. Patients with cells that do not respond to type III IFNs due to inherited IL10RB deficiency display no overt viral disease, and their inflammatory disease phenotypes can be explained by defective signaling via other interleukine10RB-dependent pathways. Moreover, patients with inherited deficiencies of interferon-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF-3) (STAT1, STAT2, IRF9) present viral diseases also seen in patients with inherited deficiencies of the type I IFN receptor (IFNAR1/2). Finally, patients with autoantibodies neutralizing type III IFNs have no obvious predisposition to viral disease. Current findings thus suggest that type III IFNs are largely redundant in humans. The essential functions of human type III IFNs, particularly in antiviral defenses, remain to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, USA; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France; Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.
| | - Kai Kisand
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Yi Feng
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, USA
| | - Darawan Rinchai
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, USA
| | - Emmanuelle Jouanguy
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, USA; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France; Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Cobat
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, USA; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France; Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, USA; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France; Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France; Department of Pediatrics, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, Paris, France; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, USA
| | - Shen-Ying Zhang
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, USA; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France; Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
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Arrighi F, Granese A, Chimenti P, Guglielmi P. Novel therapeutic opportunities for Toxoplasma gondii, Trichomonas vaginalis and Giardia intestinalis infections. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2023; 33:211-245. [PMID: 37099697 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2023.2206017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Toxoplasma gondii, Trichomonas vaginalis and Giardia intestinalis are the causative agents of Toxoplasmosis, Trichomoniasis and Giardiasis, three important infections threatening human health and affecting millions of people worldwide. Although drugs and treatment are available to fight these protozoan parasites, side-effects and increasing drug resistance, require continuous efforts for the development of novel effective drugs. AREAS COVERED The patents search was carried out in September/October 2022 with four official scientific databases (Espacenet, Scifinder, Reaxys, Google Patents). Treatments for Toxoplasmosis, Trichomoniasis and Giardiasis (2015-2022) have been grouped according to their chemotypes. In particular, novel chemical entities have been reported and investigated for their structure-activity relationship, when accessible. On the other hand, drug repurposing, extensively exploited to obtain novel anti-protozoal treatment, has been in-depth described. Finally, natural metabolites and extracts have also been reported. EXPERT OPINION T. gondii, T. vaginalis and G. intestinalis are protozoan infections usually controlled by immune system in immunocompetent patients; however, they could represent a threatening health for immunocompromised people. The needs of novel effective drugs, endowed with new mechanisms of actions arises from the increasing drug resistance affecting antibiotic as well as antiprotozoal therapies. In this review different therapeutic approaches to treat protozoan infections have been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Arrighi
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Granese
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Chimenti
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Guglielmi
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Akram M, Khan MA, Ahmed N, Bhatti R, Pervaiz R, Malik K, Tahir S, Abbas R, Ashraf F, Ali Q. Cloning and expression of an anti-cancerous cytokine: human IL-29 gene in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. AMB Express 2023; 13:23. [PMID: 36840830 PMCID: PMC9968364 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-023-01530-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Green algae, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, with low cultivation cost, absence of endotoxins and insusceptibility to human pathogens is emerging as a potential system for the future production of recombinant proteins. The recent development of molecular tools enabling recombinant protein expression in algae chloroplast has provided new research and advance opportunities for developing low-cost therapeutic proteins. In the present study, algae chloroplast expression system was evaluated for the recombinant production of an anti-cancerous therapeutic protein, Interleukin 29 (IL29). The IL29 gene was cloned into algae chloroplast expression vector (pSRSapI). After the transformation, the positive clones were screened for homoplasmy and the presence of the IL29 gene by spot test and PCR analysis, respectively. The expressed SDS-PAGE and western blotting assay characterized IL-29. The algae expressed IL-29 was biologically active in an anti-proliferating bioassay using HepG2 cells. The results suggest that the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii expression system is convenient, low-cost, eco-friendly, and safe to express IL29.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maham Akram
- grid.11173.350000 0001 0670 519XCentre for Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, 87-West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Ahmad Khan
- Centre for Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, 87-West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Nadeem Ahmed
- grid.11173.350000 0001 0670 519XCentre for Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, 87-West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rashid Bhatti
- Centre for Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, 87-West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Rabbia Pervaiz
- grid.11173.350000 0001 0670 519XCentre for Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, 87-West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Kausar Malik
- grid.11173.350000 0001 0670 519XCentre for Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, 87-West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saad Tahir
- grid.11173.350000 0001 0670 519XCentre for Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, 87-West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Abbas
- grid.11173.350000 0001 0670 519XCentre for Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, 87-West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Fareeha Ashraf
- grid.11173.350000 0001 0670 519XCentre for Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, 87-West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Qurban Ali
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
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Cakmak Genc G, Karakas Celık S, Kocaaga A, Koca R, Dursun A. Association Between IL28B, IL29 Gene Polymorphisms and Clinical Manifestations of Behçet's Disease. Immunol Invest 2021; 50:906-913. [PMID: 32646311 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2020.1791176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Behçet's disease (BD) is a chronic, multisystemic, inflammatory disease characterized by relapsing episodes of a wide spectrum of clinical findings. The role and mechanism of IFN-λs in BD remain unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between IL29 and IL28B gene polymorphisms and BD or clinical manifestations. METHODS Using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method, single-nucleotide polymorphisms of IL28B rs8099917 (IL28 G/T), rs12979860 (IL28 C/T) and IL29 rs30461 (IL29 T/C) were studied in 94 patients with BD and 90 healthy controls. RESULTS Our study did not show any relationship between Behçet Disease and genotype or allele frequencies of IL28B (rs8099917, rs12979860) and IL29 (rs30461) gene polymorphisms (p > .05). We found that the TT genotype of rs12979860 (IL28 C/T) polymorphism is higher in healthy controls and patients without central nervous system (CNS) involvement compared to patients with CNS involvement (p = .014 and p = .022). CONCLUSIONS As a result, although the relationship was found between IL28 and IL29 gene polymorphisms with some clinical manifestations of BD, it was not directly related to the predisposition of the disease. The relationship between IL-28 and IL-29 which act as regulators in inflammatory processes, with Behçet disease, needs to be investigated in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Cakmak Genc
- Department of Medical Genetics, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University Health Practice and Research Center, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - S Karakas Celık
- Department of Medical Genetics, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University Health Practice and Research Center, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - A Kocaaga
- Department of Medical Genetics, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University Health Practice and Research Center, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - R Koca
- Department of Dermatology, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University Health Practice and Research Center, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - A Dursun
- Department of Medical Genetics, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University Health Practice and Research Center, Zonguldak, Turkey
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Ebwanga EJ, Ghogomu SM, Paeshuyse J. African Swine Fever in Cameroon: A Review. Pathogens 2021; 10:421. [PMID: 33916101 PMCID: PMC8066270 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10040421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a hemorrhagic contagious porcine disease caused by the African swine fever virus. The disease poses enormous problems to the pork industry with pig mortality ranging from 30% to 100%, depending on the virulence of the virus circulating. Cameroon, situated in Central Africa is one of the countries in which the African swine fever virus (ASFV) has been endemic since its first outbreak in 1982. The disease is a major problem to the pig industry causing huge economic losses. A clear and concise review on ASF in Cameroon relating to the entry and current genotype of the virus, epidemiology, pathogenesis and economic impact is lacking. A thorough literature search revealed: (1) The virus entered the country in 1982 and caused the death of 80% of the pigs. (2) All isolates belong to serogroup I and only Genotype I is circulating in Cameroon principally in the domestic cycle as there are neither soft ticks nor warthog in the pig production regions sampled. (3) 70% of the pig farmers are involved in the traditional system of production with local and hybrid breeds of pigs with minimal input. (4) The country is endemic to the virus with huge economic losses. (5) So far, very little research has been effected on ASFV in Cameroon. This review gives a detailed overview of the situation of African swine fever virus (ASFV) in the country along with potential avenues for future research into ASFV in Cameroon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebanja Joseph Ebwanga
- Laboratory of Host-Pathogen Interaction in Livestock, Department of Biosystems, Division of Animal and Human Health Engineering, KU Leuven University, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon;
| | - Stephen Mbigha Ghogomu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon;
| | - Jan Paeshuyse
- Laboratory of Host-Pathogen Interaction in Livestock, Department of Biosystems, Division of Animal and Human Health Engineering, KU Leuven University, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
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Huijser E, Versnel MA. Making Sense of Intracellular Nucleic Acid Sensing in Type I Interferon Activation in Sjögren's Syndrome. J Clin Med 2021; 10:532. [PMID: 33540529 PMCID: PMC7867173 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10030532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease characterized by dryness of the eyes and mucous membranes, which can be accompanied by various extraglandular autoimmune manifestations. The majority of patients exhibit persistent systemic activation of the type I interferon (IFN) system, a feature that is shared with other systemic autoimmune diseases. Type I IFNs are integral to anti-viral immunity and are produced in response to stimulation of pattern recognition receptors, among which nucleic acid (NA) receptors. Dysregulated detection of endogenous NAs has been widely implicated in the pathogenesis of systemic autoimmune diseases. Stimulation of endosomal Toll-like receptors by NA-containing immune complexes are considered to contribute to the systemic type I IFN activation. Accumulating evidence suggest additional roles for cytosolic NA-sensing pathways in the pathogenesis of systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases. In this review, we will provide an overview of the functions and signaling of intracellular RNA- and DNA-sensing receptors and summarize the evidence for a potential role of these receptors in the pathogenesis of pSS and the sustained systemic type I IFN activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marjan A. Versnel
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
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Deng Z, Hu W, Ai H, Chen Y, Dong S. The Dramatic Role of IFN Family in Aberrant Inflammatory Osteolysis. Curr Gene Ther 2021; 21:112-129. [PMID: 33245272 DOI: 10.2174/1566523220666201127114845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal system has been considered a highly dynamic system, in which bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts go through a continuous remodeling cycle to maintain homeostasis of bone matrix. It has been well acknowledged that interferons (IFNs), acting as a subgroup of cytokines, not only have crucial effects on regulating immunology but also could modulate the dynamic balance of bone matrix. In the light of different isoforms, IFNs have been divided into three major categories in terms of amino acid sequences, recognition of specific receptors and biological activities. Currently, type I IFNs consist of a multi-gene family with several subtypes, of which IFN-α exerts pro-osteoblastogenic effects to activate osteoblast differentiation and inhibits osteoclast fusion to maintain bone matrix integrity. Meanwhile, IFN-β suppresses osteoblast-mediated bone remodeling as well as exhibits inhibitory effects on osteoclast differentiation to attenuate bone resorption. Type II IFN constitutes the only type, IFN-γ, which exerts regulatory effects on osteoclastic bone resorption and osteoblastic bone formation by biphasic ways. Interestingly, type III IFNs are regarded as new members of IFN family composed of four members, including IFN-λ1 (IL-29), IFN-λ2 (IL-28A), IFN-λ3 (IL-28B) and IFN-λ4, which have been certified to participate in bone destruction. However, the direct regulatory mechanisms underlying how type III IFNs modulate the metabolic balance of bone matrix, remains poorly elucidated. In this review, we have summarized functions of IFN family during physiological and pathological conditions and described the mechanisms by which IFNs maintain bone matrix homeostasis via affecting the osteoclast-osteoblast crosstalk. In addition, the potential therapeutic effects of IFNs on inflammatory bone destruction diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis (OA) and infectious bone diseases are also well displayed, which are based on the predominant role of IFNs in modulating the dynamic equilibrium of bone matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Deng
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Wenhui Hu
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Hongbo Ai
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yueqi Chen
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Shiwu Dong
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
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Ershov FI, Ospelnikova TP, Narovlyansky AN. Interferon status as a method of determination of nonspecific biomarkers of human immunopathology. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY EPIDEMIOLOGY IMMUNOBIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.36233/0372-9311-2019-3-91-99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F. I. Ershov
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology
| | - T. P. Ospelnikova
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology; Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera
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Hölzer M, Schoen A, Wulle J, Müller MA, Drosten C, Marz M, Weber F. Virus- and Interferon Alpha-Induced Transcriptomes of Cells from the Microbat Myotis daubentonii. iScience 2019; 19:647-661. [PMID: 31465999 PMCID: PMC6718828 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiviral interferons (IFN-alpha/beta) are possibly responsible for the high tolerance of bats to zoonotic viruses. Previous studies focused on the IFN system of megabats (suborder Yinpterochiroptera). We present statistically robust RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data on transcriptomes of cells from the “microbat” Myotis daubentonii (suborder Yangochiroptera) responding at 6 and 24 h to either an IFN-inducing virus or treatment with IFN. Our data reveal genes triggered only by virus, either in both humans and Myotis (CCL4, IFNL3, CH25H), or exclusively in Myotis (STEAP4). Myotis cells also express a series of conserved IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) and an unusually high paralog number of the antiviral ISG BST2 (tetherin) but lack several ISGs that were described for megabats (EMC2, FILIP1, IL17RC, OTOGL, SLC24A1). Also, in contrast to megabats, we detected neither different IFN-alpha subtypes nor an unusually high baseline expression of IFNs. Thus, Yangochiroptera microbats, represented by Myotis, may possess an IFN system with distinctive features. Virus- and IFN-responsive transcriptomes of the microbat Myotis daubentonii CCL4, IFNL3, CH25H, STEAP4 are IFNB-like genes triggered by virus only Microbats encode more paralogs of BST2 (tetherin) than any other mammal Clear differences between the IFN systems of microbats and megabats
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hölzer
- RNA Bioinformatics and High-Throughput Analysis, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany; European Virus Bioinformatics Center, Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Schoen
- Institute for Virology, FB10-Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany; Institute for Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner sites Marburg, Giessen, and Charité Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Wulle
- Institute for Virology, FB10-Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany; Institute for Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner sites Marburg, Giessen, and Charité Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcel A Müller
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner sites Marburg, Giessen, and Charité Berlin, Germany; Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Christian Drosten
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner sites Marburg, Giessen, and Charité Berlin, Germany; Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manja Marz
- RNA Bioinformatics and High-Throughput Analysis, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany; European Virus Bioinformatics Center, Jena, Germany.
| | - Friedemann Weber
- Institute for Virology, FB10-Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany; Institute for Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner sites Marburg, Giessen, and Charité Berlin, Germany.
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Hierarchy of clinical manifestations in SAVI N153S and V154M mouse models. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:7941-7950. [PMID: 30944222 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1818281116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies over the past decade have revealed a central role for innate immune sensors in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. cGAS, a cytosolic DNA sensor, detects both foreign and host DNA and generates a second-messenger cGAMP, which in turn binds and activates stimulator of IFN genes (STING), leading to induction of type I interferons and inflammatory cytokines. Recently, gain-of-function mutations in STING have been identified in patients with STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy (SAVI). SAVI patients present with early-onset systemic inflammation and interstitial lung disease, resulting in pulmonary fibrosis and respiratory failure. Here, we describe two independent SAVI mouse models, harboring the two most common mutations found in patients. A direct comparison of these strains reveals a hierarchy of immune abnormalities, lung inflammation and fibrosis, which do not depend on either IFN-α/β receptor signaling or mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase (MLKL)-dependent necroptotic cell death pathways. Furthermore, radiation chimera experiments reveal how bone marrow from the V154M mutant mice transfer disease to the WT host, whereas the N153S does not, indicating mutation-specific disease outcomes. Moreover, using radiation chimeras we find that T cell lymphopenia depends on T cell-intrinsic expression of the SAVI mutation. Collectively, these mutant mice recapitulate many of the disease features seen in SAVI patients and highlight mutation-specific functions of STING that shed light on the heterogeneity observed in SAVI patients.
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Innate Immune Responses to Avian Influenza Viruses in Ducks and Chickens. Vet Sci 2019; 6:vetsci6010005. [PMID: 30634569 PMCID: PMC6466002 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci6010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mallard ducks are important natural hosts of low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses and many strains circulate in this reservoir and cause little harm. Some strains can be transmitted to other hosts, including chickens, and cause respiratory and systemic disease. Rarely, these highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses cause disease in mallards, while chickens are highly susceptible. The long co-evolution of mallard ducks with influenza viruses has undoubtedly fine-tuned many immunological host–pathogen interactions to confer resistance to disease, which are poorly understood. Here, we compare innate responses to different avian influenza viruses in ducks and chickens to reveal differences that point to potential mechanisms of disease resistance. Mallard ducks are permissive to LPAI replication in their intestinal tissues without overtly compromising their fitness. In contrast, the mallard response to HPAI infection reflects an immediate and robust induction of type I interferon and antiviral interferon stimulated genes, highlighting the importance of the RIG-I pathway. Ducks also appear to limit the duration of the response, particularly of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. Chickens lack RIG-I, and some modulators of the signaling pathway and may be compromised in initiating an early interferon response, allowing more viral replication and consequent damage. We review current knowledge about innate response mediators to influenza infection in mallard ducks compared to chickens to gain insight into protective immune responses, and open questions for future research.
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Zav'yalov VP, Hämäläinen-Laanaya H, Korpela TK, Wahlroos T. Interferon-Inducible Myxovirus Resistance Proteins: Potential Biomarkers for Differentiating Viral from Bacterial Infections. Clin Chem 2018; 65:739-750. [PMID: 30593466 PMCID: PMC7108468 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2018.292391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2015, the 68th World Health Assembly declared that effective, rapid, low-cost diagnostic tools were needed for guiding optimal use of antibiotics in medicine. This review is devoted to interferon-inducible myxovirus resistance proteins as potential biomarkers for differentiating viral from bacterial infections. CONTENT After viral infection, a branch of the interferon (IFN)-induced molecular reactions is triggered by the binding of IFNs with their receptors, a process leading to the activation of mx1 and mx2, which produce antiviral Mx proteins (MxA and MxB). We summarize current knowledge of the structures and functions of type I and III IFNs. Antiviral mechanisms of Mx proteins are discussed in reference to their structural and functional data to provide an in-depth picture of protection against viral attacks. Knowing such a mechanism may allow the development of countermeasures and the specific detection of any viral infection. Clinical research data indicate that Mx proteins are biomarkers for many virus infections, with some exceptions, whereas C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin have established positions as general biomarkers for bacterial infections. SUMMARY Mx genes are not directly induced by viruses and are not expressed constitutively; their expression strictly depends on IFN signaling. MxA protein production in peripheral blood cells has been shown to be a clinically sensitive and specific marker for viral infection. Viral infections specifically increase MxA concentrations, whereas viruses have only a modest increase in CRP or procalcitonin concentrations. Therefore, comparison of MxA and CRP and/or procalcitonin values can be used for the differentiation of infectious etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Timo K Korpela
- Department of Future Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tony Wahlroos
- Laboratory of Clinical Research, Labmaster Ltd., Turku, Finland
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13
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Wendel ES, Yaparla A, Koubourli DV, Grayfer L. Amphibian (Xenopus laevis) tadpoles and adult frogs mount distinct interferon responses to the Frog Virus 3 ranavirus. Virology 2017; 503:12-20. [PMID: 28081430 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Infections of amphibians by Frog Virus 3 (FV3) and other ranavirus genus members are significantly contributing to the amphibian declines, yet much remains unknown regarding amphibian antiviral immunity. Notably, amphibians represent an important step in the evolution of antiviral interferon (IFN) cytokines as they are amongst the first vertebrates to possess both type I and type III IFNs. Accordingly, we examined the roles of type I and III IFNs in the skin of FV3-challenged amphibian Xenopus laevis) tadpoles and adult frogs. Interestingly, FV3-infected tadpoles mounted type III IFN responses, whereas adult frogs relied on type I IFN immunity. Subcutaneous administration of type I or type III IFNs offered short-term protection of tadpoles against FV3 and these type I and type III IFNs induced the expression of distinct antiviral genes in the tadpole skin. Moreover, subcutaneous injection of tadpoles with type III IFN significantly extended their survival and reduced FV3 dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S Wendel
- Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Amulya Yaparla
- Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Daphne V Koubourli
- Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Leon Grayfer
- Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
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14
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Kelm NE, Zhu Z, Ding VA, Xiao H, Wakefield MR, Bai Q, Fang Y. The role of IL-29 in immunity and cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 106:91-8. [PMID: 27637354 PMCID: PMC7129698 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-29 (IL-29) is a new member of the recently discovered interferon λ (IFNλ) family. It is produced predominantly by maturing dendritic cells and macrophages. It has been implicated in numerous immunological responses and has shown antiviral activity similar to the Type I interferons, although its target cell population is more limited than the Type I interferons. In recent years, the role of IL-29 in the pathogenesis of various cancers has also been extensively studied. In this review, we will discuss the recent advances of IL-29 in immunological processes and the pathogenesis of various cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah E Kelm
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA 50312, United States
| | - Ziwen Zhu
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, United States
| | - Vivi A Ding
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA 50312, United States
| | - Huaping Xiao
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA 50312, United States; The Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Mark R Wakefield
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, United States
| | - Qian Bai
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, United States
| | - Yujiang Fang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA 50312, United States; Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, United States.
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15
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The roles of interferons in osteoclasts and osteoclastogenesis. Joint Bone Spine 2016; 83:276-81. [PMID: 26832190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) play essential roles in regulating osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption. Over the last decade, we have seen tremendous developments in our understanding of the mechanisms by which interferons regulate osteoclastogenesis. Of the type I interferons, IFN-β inhibits osteoclastogenesis via autoregulatory or exogenous regulatory mechanisms, while IFN-α was recently shown to participate in regulating osteoclast formation. And the only member of type II interferons, IFN-γ, has biphasic effects on osteoclastogenesis. Type III interferons have also been shown to be involved in osteoclast bone resorption, although no direct regulatory mechanism has been demonstrated. In this review, we provide an update account of the current knowledge on these recently revealed novel roles of interferons in the regulation of a variety of signaling pathways in osteoclast differentiation and function. The potential clinical applications are also discussed.
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16
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Prominent amphibian (Xenopus laevis) tadpole type III interferon response to the frog virus 3 ranavirus. J Virol 2015; 89:5072-82. [PMID: 25717104 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00051-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Ranaviruses (Iridoviridae) are posing an increasing threat to amphibian populations, with anuran tadpoles being particularly susceptible to these viral infections. Moreover, amphibians are the most basal phylogenetic class of vertebrates known to possess both type I and type III interferon (IFN)-mediated immunity. Moreover, little is known regarding the respective roles of the IFN mediators in amphibian antiviral defenses. Accordingly, we transcriptionally and functionally compared the amphibian Xenopus laevis type I (IFN) and III (IFN-λ) IFNs in the context of infections by the ranavirus frog virus 3 (FV3). X. laevis IFN and IFN-λ displayed distinct tissue expression profiles. In contrast to our previous findings that X. laevis tadpoles exhibit delayed and modest type I IFN responses to FV3 infections compared to the responses of adults, here we report that tadpoles mount timely and robust type III IFN gene responses. Recombinant forms of these cytokines (recombinant X. laevis IFN [rXlIFN] and rXlIFN-λ) elicited antiviral gene expression in the kidney-derived A6 cell line as well as in tadpole leukocytes and tissues. However, rXlIFN-λ was less effective than rXlIFN in preventing FV3 replication in A6 cells and tadpoles and inferior at promoting tadpole survival. Intriguingly, FV3 impaired A6 cell and tadpole kidney type III IFN receptor gene expression. Furthermore, in A6 cultures rXlIFN-λ conferred equal or greater protection than rXlIFN against recombinant viruses deficient for the putative immune evasion genes, the viral caspase activation and recruitment domain (vCARD) or a truncated vIF-2α gene. Thus, in contrast to previous assumptions, tadpoles possess intact antiviral defenses reliant on type III IFNs, which are overcome by FV3 pathogens. IMPORTANCE Anuran tadpoles, including those of Xenopus laevis, are particularly susceptible to infection by ranavirus such as FV3. We investigated the respective roles of X. laevis type I and type III interferons (IFN and IFN-λ, respectively) during FV3 infections. Notably, tadpoles mounted timely and more robust IFN-λ gene expression responses to FV3 than adults, contrasting with the poorer tadpole type I IFN responses. However, a recombinant X. laevis IFN-λ (rXlIFN-λ) conferred less protection to tadpoles and the A6 cell line than rXlIFN, which may be explained by the FV3 impairment of IFN-λ receptor gene expression. The importance of IFN-λ in tadpole anti-FV3 defenses is underlined by the critical involvement of two putative immune evasion genes in FV3 resistance to IFN- and IFN-λ-mediated responses. These findings challenge the view that tadpoles have defective antiviral immunity and suggest, rather, that their antiviral responses are predominated by IFN-λ responses, which are overcome by FV3.
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17
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Moon C, Stappenbeck TS. Viral interactions with the host and microbiota in the intestine. Curr Opin Immunol 2012; 24:405-10. [PMID: 22626624 PMCID: PMC3423491 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2012.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review explores the recent advances that have been made in our understanding of host viral interactions in the intestine. Technical advances have allowed the initial definition of intestinal viromes in a number of species including humans. Important advances in our knowledge of the host response to viral infection have shown that interferon lambda has a role that is unique from type I interferons in the intestine. Lastly, our understanding of virally induced phenotypes has expanded through new studies that show bacteria can play an important role in the outcome of viral infection in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Moon
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
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