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Zmudzinski M, Rut W, Olech K, Granda J, Giurg M, Burda-Grabowska M, Kaleta R, Zgarbova M, Kasprzyk R, Zhang L, Sun X, Lv Z, Nayak D, Kesik-Brodacka M, Olsen SK, Weber J, Hilgenfeld R, Jemielity J, Drag M. Ebselen derivatives inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication by inhibition of its essential proteins: PL pro and M pro proteases, and nsp14 guanine N7-methyltransferase. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9161. [PMID: 37280236 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35907-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteases encoded by SARS-CoV-2 constitute a promising target for new therapies against COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro, 3CLpro) and papain-like protease (PLpro) are responsible for viral polyprotein cleavage-a process crucial for viral survival and replication. Recently it was shown that 2-phenylbenzisoselenazol-3(2H)-one (ebselen), an organoselenium anti-inflammatory small-molecule drug, is a potent, covalent inhibitor of both the proteases and its potency was evaluated in enzymatic and antiviral assays. In this study, we screened a collection of 34 ebselen and ebselen diselenide derivatives for SARS-CoV-2 PLpro and Mpro inhibitors. Our studies revealed that ebselen derivatives are potent inhibitors of both the proteases. We identified three PLpro and four Mpro inhibitors superior to ebselen. Independently, ebselen was shown to inhibit the N7-methyltransferase activity of SARS-CoV-2 nsp14 protein involved in viral RNA cap modification. Hence, selected compounds were also evaluated as nsp14 inhibitors. In the second part of our work, we employed 11 ebselen analogues-bis(2-carbamoylaryl)phenyl diselenides-in biological assays to evaluate their anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity in Vero E6 cells. We present their antiviral and cytoprotective activity and also low cytotoxicity. Our work shows that ebselen, its derivatives, and diselenide analogues constitute a promising platform for development of new antivirals targeting the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikolaj Zmudzinski
- Department of Chemical Biology and Bioimaging, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Wioletta Rut
- Department of Chemical Biology and Bioimaging, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Kamila Olech
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jarosław Granda
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mirosław Giurg
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Burda-Grabowska
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Kaleta
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Michala Zgarbova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Nám. 2, 16610, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Renata Kasprzyk
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2C, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
- College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2C, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Xinyuanyuan Sun
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Zongyang Lv
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Digant Nayak
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | | | - Shaun K Olsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Jan Weber
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Nám. 2, 16610, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Rolf Hilgenfeld
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems Site, University of Lübeck, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jacek Jemielity
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2C, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Drag
- Department of Chemical Biology and Bioimaging, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland.
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Santi C, Scimmi C, Sancineto L. Ebselen and Analogues: Pharmacological Properties and Synthetic Strategies for Their Preparation. Molecules 2021; 26:4230. [PMID: 34299505 PMCID: PMC8306772 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ebselen is the leader of selenorganic compounds, and starting from its identification as mimetic of the key antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase, several papers have appeared in literature claiming its biological activities. It was the subject of several clinical trials and it is currently in clinical evaluation for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. Given our interest in the synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of selenorganic derivatives with this review, we aimed to collect all the papers focused on the biological evaluation of ebselen and its close analogues, covering the timeline between 2016 and most of 2021. Our analysis evidences that, even if it lacks specificity when tested in vitro, being able to bind to every reactive cysteine, it proved to be always well tolerated in vivo, exerting no sign of toxicity whatever the administered doses. Besides, looking at the literature, we realized that no review article dealing with the synthetic approaches for the construction of the benzo[d][1,2]-selenazol-3(2H)-one scaffold is available; thus, a section of the present review article is completely devoted to this specific topic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luca Sancineto
- Group of Catalysis and Green Organic Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia Via del Liceo 1, 06122 Perugia, Italy; (C.S.); (C.S.)
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Lee W, Mulay SV, Shimodaira S, Abdillah A, Palma J, Kim Y, Yudhistira T, Churchill DG. Didactic approach recounting advances and limitations in novel glutathione and cysteine detection (reduced GSH probe) with mixed coumarin, aldehyde, and phenyl-selenium chemistry. Methods Enzymol 2020; 640:267-289. [PMID: 32560802 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2020.04.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We describe the pertinent research steps and analysis, many of which are chemical, to achieve a novel molecular probe for glutathione (GSH) which has been published and patented based on two recent articles: "Exceptional time response, stability and selectivity in doubly-activated phenyl selenium-based glutathione-selective platform" and "Enhanced Doubly Activated Dual Emission Fluorescent Probes for Selective Imaging of Glutathione or Cysteine in Living Systems" (Kim et al., 2015; Mulay et al., 2018). The papers involve coumarin probes. Reaction/detection unfolds with aminothiol attack at an electrophilic ring carbon position. An adjacent -CHO group is heavily involved in resonance aspects of the C-Se position, as well as the binding of the pendant N-group; the coumarin lactone carbonyl also allows for resonance to be achieved (vide infra). The leaving group, -SePh, while precedented in some systems, depends on electronic tuning (Fig. 1). For 1, the response times with GSH was ~100ms; a 100-fold fluorescence increase is observed (Compound 1). The probe also reacts with cysteine (Cys) and homocysteine (Hcy), albeit differently. For glutathione probing, the greater wavelength maxima (1: 550nm, DACP-1: 555nm, DACP-2: 590nm) enabled eventual cell studies (confocal microscopy) and animal studies. The limits of detection (LOD, 1: 270nM DACP-1: 10.1nM DACP-2: 17.0nM), as measured using the 3σ/k method. We provide a didactic presentation from probe conception to probe in vivo testing, etc., with additional considerations presented; a variety of factors/issues (2.1-2.28) help maintain a realistic sequence, a flow from wider to narrower, of the factors that go into developing medical, biological and neurodegenerative disease-related probes, meant to help other researchers follow our intention, gain perspective, and overcome current limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woohyun Lee
- Molecular Logic Gate Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sandip V Mulay
- Molecular Logic Gate Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Shingo Shimodaira
- Molecular Logic Gate Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ariq Abdillah
- Molecular Logic Gate Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaymee Palma
- Molecular Logic Gate Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsam Kim
- Molecular Logic Gate Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Tesla Yudhistira
- Molecular Logic Gate Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Bioimaging and Pathology (UMR-7021), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - David G Churchill
- Molecular Logic Gate Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea; KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology (KIHST) (Therapeutic Bioengineering), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Kuschak M, Namasivayam V, Rafehi M, Voss JH, Garg J, Schlegel JG, Abdelrahman A, Kehraus S, Reher R, Küppers J, Sylvester K, Hinz S, Matthey M, Wenzel D, Fleischmann BK, Pfeifer A, Inoue A, Gütschow M, König GM, Müller CE. Cell-permeable high-affinity tracers for G q proteins provide structural insights, reveal distinct binding kinetics and identify small molecule inhibitors. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:1898-1916. [PMID: 31881095 PMCID: PMC7070167 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose G proteins are intracellular switches that transduce and amplify extracellular signals from GPCRs. The Gq protein subtypes, which are coupled to PLC activation, can act as oncogenes, and their expression was reported to be up‐regulated in cancer and inflammatory diseases. Gq inhibition may be an efficient therapeutic strategy constituting a new level of intervention. However, diagnostic tools and therapeutic drugs for Gq proteins are lacking. Experimental Approach We have now developed Gq‐specific, cell‐permeable 3H‐labelled high‐affinity probes based on the macrocyclic depsipeptides FR900359 (FR) and YM‐254890 (YM). The tracers served to specifically label and quantify Gq proteins in their native conformation in cells and tissues with high accuracy. Key Results FR and YM displayed low nanomolar affinity for Gαq, Gα11 and Gα14 expressed in CRISPR/Cas9 Gαq‐knockout cells, but not for Gα15. The two structurally very similar tracers showed strikingly different dissociation kinetics, which is predicted to result in divergent biological effects. Computational studies suggested a “dowel” effect of the pseudoirreversibly binding FR. A high‐throughput binding assay led to the discovery of novel Gq inhibitors, which inhibited Gq signalling in recombinant cells and primary murine brown adipocytes, resulting in enhanced differentiation. Conclusions and Implications The Gq protein inhibitors YM and FR are pharmacologically different despite similar structures. The new versatile tools and powerful assays will contribute to the advancement of the rising field of G protein research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Kuschak
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Vigneshwaran Namasivayam
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Muhammad Rafehi
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan H Voss
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jaspal Garg
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jonathan G Schlegel
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Aliaa Abdelrahman
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Kehraus
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Raphael Reher
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jim Küppers
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Katharina Sylvester
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sonja Hinz
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michaela Matthey
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiology I, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Systems Physiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Daniela Wenzel
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiology I, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Systems Physiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Bernd K Fleischmann
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiology I, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander Pfeifer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Michael Gütschow
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gabriele M König
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christa E Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Rangraz Y, Nemati F, Elhampour A. Diphenyl diselenide immobilized on magnetic nanoparticles: A novel and retrievable heterogeneous catalyst in the oxidation of aldehydes under mild and green conditions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 509:485-494. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Giurg M, Gołąb A, Suchodolski J, Kaleta R, Krasowska A, Piasecki E, Piętka-Ottlik M. Reaction of bis[(2-chlorocarbonyl)phenyl] Diselenide with Phenols, Aminophenols, and Other Amines towards Diphenyl Diselenides with Antimicrobial and Antiviral Properties. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22060974. [PMID: 28604620 PMCID: PMC6152648 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A reaction of bis[(2-chlorocarbonyl)phenyl] diselenide with various mono and bisnucleophiles such as aminophenols, phenols, and amines have been studied as a convenient general route to a series of new antimicrobial and antiviral diphenyl diselenides. The compounds, particularly bis[2-(hydroxyphenylcarbamoyl)]phenyl diselenides and reference benzisoselenazol-3(2H)-ones, exhibited high antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacterial species (Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp.), and some compounds were also active against Gram-negative E. coli and fungi (Candida spp., A. niger). The majority of compounds demonstrated high activity against human herpes virus type 1 (HHV-1) and moderate activity against encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), while they were generally inactive against vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirosław Giurg
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Anna Gołąb
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Jakub Suchodolski
- Department of Biotransformation, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Rafał Kaleta
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Anna Krasowska
- Department of Biotransformation, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Egbert Piasecki
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Piętka-Ottlik
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
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Padilha G, Birmann PT, Domingues M, Kaufman TS, Savegnago L, Silveira CC. Convenient Michael addition/β-elimination approach to the synthesis of 4-benzyl- and 4-aryl-selenyl coumarins using diselenides as selenium sources. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.01.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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