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Ongoren B, Kara A, Casettari L, Tiboni M, Lalatsa A, Sanz-Perez A, Gonzalez-Burgos E, Romero A, Juberías A, Torrado JJ, Serrano DR. Leveraging 3D-printed microfluidic micromixers for the continuous manufacture of melatonin loaded SNEDDS with enhanced antioxidant activity and skin permeability. Int J Pharm 2024; 663:124536. [PMID: 39074648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Vesicants are chemical warfare agents (CWAs) capable of causing severe skin damage and systemic toxicity. Melatonin, known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, can mitigate the effects of these agents. Self-nano-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) containing a high melatonin concentration (5 %, 50 mg/g) were optimized using a quality-by-design approach from biocompatible, non-irritant excipients with a particle size of about 100 nm. The melatonin-loaded SNEDDS showed a 43-fold greater permeability than a conventional melatonin cream. Chemical stability at ambient temperature (25 °C) was maintained for one year. The preparation of optimised melatonin-loaded SNEDDS using a simple mixing method was compared to microfluidic micromixers. Mixing was successfully achieved using a 3D-printed (fused deposition modeling or stereolithography) T-shaped toroidal microfluidic chip (with a channel geometry optimized by computational fluid dynamics), resulting in a scalable, continuous process for the first time with a substantial reduction in preparation time compared to other conventional mixing approaches. No statistically significant differences were observed in the key quality attributes, such as particle size and melatonin loading, between mixing method till kinetic equilibrium solubility is reached and mixing using the 3D-printed micromixers. This scalable, continuous, cost-effective approach improves the overall efficiency of SNEDDS production, reduces the cost of quality control for multiple batches, and demonstrates the potential of continuous microfluidic manufacture with readily customizable 3D-printed micromixers at points of care, such as military bases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baris Ongoren
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aytug Kara
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luca Casettari
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza del Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Mattia Tiboni
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza del Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Aikaterini Lalatsa
- Cancer Research UK Formulation Unit, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Robertson Wing, University of Strathclyde, 161, Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland, UK
| | - Amadeo Sanz-Perez
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Gonzalez-Burgos
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Romero
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Juberías
- Dirección de Sanidad del Ejército del Aire, Princesa 87, 28008 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J Torrado
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Institute of Industrial Pharmacy Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Dolores R Serrano
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Institute of Industrial Pharmacy Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Torrado JJ, Anaya BJ, Kara A, Ongoren B, Esteban-Ruiz S, Laguna A, Guillén A, Saro MG, Serrano DR. Unraveling the Impact of the Oil Phase on the Physicochemical Stability and Skin Permeability of Melatonin Gel Formulations. Gels 2024; 10:595. [PMID: 39330197 DOI: 10.3390/gels10090595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2024] [Revised: 09/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Melatonin's antioxidant properties make it a valuable component in anti-aging semisolid topical products. This study explores the role of Pemulen®, an acrylic-based viscosifying agent, in stabilizing cream-gel formulations. Remarkably, even at low concentrations (0.4%), Pemulen® successfully produced physicochemical stable topical formulations. In this work, the impact of the ratio of the oily phase-comprising olive oil and isopropyl myristate from 0 to 20%-was investigated to understand the internal microstructure effect on skin permeability, rheological properties, and stability. The formulations exhibited pseudoplastic behavior, with a significant positive correlation (p-value < 0.1) between the oily phase ratio, viscosity, spreadability, skin adhesiveness, and permeability. Formulations without the oil phase exhibited greater skin permeability. However, higher oily phase content enhanced viscosity, spreadability, and skin adhesion. Given that melatonin primarily degrades through oxidation, incorporating antioxidant excipients in semisolid formulations is crucial for maintaining its chemical stability. A quality by design (QbD) approach was used to assess the impact of four excipients-(a) DL-α-tocopheryl acetate (0.05%), (b) ascorbic acid (0.1%), (c) ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (0.1%), and (d) sodium metabisulphite (0.5%)-on melatonin's stability. Our findings indicate that maintaining the physical stability of the formulation with a 20% oil phase is more critical for protecting melatonin from oxidation than merely adding antioxidant excipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Torrado
- Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Brayan J Anaya
- Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aytug Kara
- Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Baris Ongoren
- Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sofía Esteban-Ruiz
- Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Laguna
- Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Guillén
- Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel G Saro
- Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores R Serrano
- Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Industrial Pharmacy Institute, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Desai SR, Alexis AF, Elbuluk N, Grimes PE, Weiss J, Hamzavi IH, Taylor SC. Best practices in the treatment of melasma with a focus on patients with skin of color. J Am Acad Dermatol 2024; 90:269-279. [PMID: 37748556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.07.1045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melasma is a chronic hypermelanosis of the skin that affects approximately 1% of the global population, predominantly affects women, and is more prevalent in skin of color. Melasma is a common driver for patients with skin of color to seek out a dermatologist for treatment, and ensuring the right approach for these patients is important because some treatments may be associated with adverse side effects. Because of the chronicity of the disease and established psychosocial and emotional impacts, there is a large need to ensure care follows the best available evidence on the treatment of patients with melasma. OBJECTIVE Here, we summarized current available topical treatments for melasma with considerations dermatologists should have for their patients with skin of color. METHODS Steering committee consensus on clinical best practices. RESULTS We describe a flexible and focused treatment algorithm that reflects both treatment and maintenance periods that is a consensus of our extensive clinical experience. LIMITATIONS Use of real-world evidence and potential for individual practice bias. CONCLUSION Melasma can be challenging to treat, particularly in patients with skin of color, and our recommendations for best practices for patients in the United States are an important step toward standardizing care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seemal R Desai
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Innovative Dermatology, Plano, Texas.
| | - Andrew F Alexis
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Nada Elbuluk
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine Dermatology, University of South California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Pearl E Grimes
- Division of Dermatology, Vitiligo & Pigmentation Institute of Southern California, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Iltefat H Hamzavi
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital; Hamzavi Dermatology/Dermatology Specialists, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Susan C Taylor
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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de Lima SKS, Cavallone ÍN, Serrano DR, Anaya BJ, Lalatsa A, Laurenti MD, Lago JHG, da Silva Souza DC, Marinsek GP, Lopes BS, de Britto Mari R, Passero LFD. Therapeutic Activity of a Topical Formulation Containing 8-Hydroxyquinoline for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2602. [PMID: 38004580 PMCID: PMC10675550 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis exhibits a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations; however, only a limited number of drugs are available and include Glucantime® and amphotericin B, which induce unacceptable side effects in patients, limiting their use. Thus, there is an urgent demand to develop a treatment for leishmaniasis. Recently, it was demonstrated that 8-hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ) showed significant leishmanicidal effects in vitro and in vivo. Based on that, this work aimed to develop a topical formulation containing 8-HQ and assess its activity in experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis. 8-HQ was formulated using a Beeler base at 1 and 2% and showed an emulsion size with a D50 of 25 and 51.3 µm, respectively, with a shear-thinning rheological behaviour. The creams were able to permeate artificial Strat-M membranes and excised porcine skin without causing any morphological changes in the porcine skin or murine skin tested. In BALB/c mice infected with L. (L.) amazonensis, topical treatment with creams containing 1 or 2% of 8-HQ was found to reduce the parasite burden and lesion size compared to infected controls with comparable efficacy to Glucantime® (50 mg/kg) administered at the site of the cutaneous lesion. In the histological section of the skin from infected controls, a diffuse inflammatory infiltrate with many heavily infected macrophages that were associated with areas of necrosis was observed. On the other hand, animals treated with both creams showed only moderate inflammatory infiltrate, characterised by few infected macrophages, while tissue necrosis was not observed. These histological characteristics in topically treated animals were associated with an increase in the amount of IFN-γ and a reduction in IL-4 levels. The topical use of 8-HQ was active in decreasing tissue parasitism and should therefore be considered an interesting alternative directed to the treatment of leishmaniasis, considering that this type of treatment is non-invasive, painless, and, importantly, does not require hospitalisation, improving patient compliance by allowing the treatment to be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kymberly Santos de Lima
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, São Vicente 11330-900, SP, Brazil; (S.K.S.d.L.); (Í.N.C.); (G.P.M.); (B.S.L.); (R.d.B.M.)
- Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases (LIM50), Department of Pathology, Medical School, São Paulo University, São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil;
| | - Ítalo Novaes Cavallone
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, São Vicente 11330-900, SP, Brazil; (S.K.S.d.L.); (Í.N.C.); (G.P.M.); (B.S.L.); (R.d.B.M.)
- Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases (LIM50), Department of Pathology, Medical School, São Paulo University, São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil;
| | - Dolores Remedios Serrano
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense of Madrid, Plaza Ramon y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.R.S.); (B.J.A.)
| | - Brayan J. Anaya
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense of Madrid, Plaza Ramon y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.R.S.); (B.J.A.)
| | - Aikaterini Lalatsa
- CRUK Formulation Unit, Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK;
| | - Márcia Dalastra Laurenti
- Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases (LIM50), Department of Pathology, Medical School, São Paulo University, São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil;
| | - João Henrique Ghilardi Lago
- Center for Natural and Human Science (CCNH), Federal University of ABC, Santo André, São Paulo 09210-580, SP, Brazil; (J.H.G.L.); (D.C.d.S.S.)
| | - Dalete Christine da Silva Souza
- Center for Natural and Human Science (CCNH), Federal University of ABC, Santo André, São Paulo 09210-580, SP, Brazil; (J.H.G.L.); (D.C.d.S.S.)
| | - Gabriela Pustiglione Marinsek
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, São Vicente 11330-900, SP, Brazil; (S.K.S.d.L.); (Í.N.C.); (G.P.M.); (B.S.L.); (R.d.B.M.)
| | - Beatriz Soares Lopes
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, São Vicente 11330-900, SP, Brazil; (S.K.S.d.L.); (Í.N.C.); (G.P.M.); (B.S.L.); (R.d.B.M.)
| | - Renata de Britto Mari
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, São Vicente 11330-900, SP, Brazil; (S.K.S.d.L.); (Í.N.C.); (G.P.M.); (B.S.L.); (R.d.B.M.)
| | - Luiz Felipe Domingues Passero
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, São Vicente 11330-900, SP, Brazil; (S.K.S.d.L.); (Í.N.C.); (G.P.M.); (B.S.L.); (R.d.B.M.)
- Institute for Advanced Studies of Ocean, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua João Francisco Bensdorp, 1178, São Vicente 11350-011, SP, Brazil
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González-González O, Leal E, Martín-Martínez M, Bautista L, Ballesteros MP, Torrado JJ, Serrano DR. Guiding Clinical Prescription of Topical Extemporaneous Formulations of Sodium Cromoglycate Based on Pharmaceutical Performance. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1609. [PMID: 37376057 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cromoglycate (SCG) is widely used for allergy processes, and inflammatory states acting as a mast cell membrane stabilizer that inhibits the histamine and mediator release. Currently, SCG topical extemporaneous compounding formulations are prepared in hospitals and community pharmacies, as no industrial fabricated medicines are available in Spain. The stability of these formulations is unknown. Additionally, there are no clear guidelines on which concentration and vehicle are more suitable to enhance permeation across the skin. In this work, the stability of commonly prescribed topical SCG formulations in clinical practice was evaluated. Different vehicles commonly employed by pharmacists daily for formulating topical SCG were investigated (Eucerinum, Acofar Creamgel, and Beeler's base) at different concentrations, ranging from 0.2 to 2%. The stability of topical extemporaneous compounded SCG formulations can be extended for up to three months at room temperature (25 °C). Creamgel 2% formulations significantly improved the topical permeation of SCG across the skin, being 4.5-fold higher than formulations prepared with Beeler's base. The reason attributed to this performance can be related to the lower droplet size formed upon dilution in aqueous media combined with a lower viscosity, which facilitates its application and extensibility on the skin. The higher the SCG concentration in Creamgel formulations, the higher the permeability across both synthetic membranes and pig skin (p-value < 0.05). These preliminary results can be used as a guide to prompt a rational prescription of topical SCG formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga González-González
- Departamento de Farmacia Galénica y Tecnología Alimentaria, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Leal
- Community Pharmacy, 140 Canillas Road, 28043 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Liliana Bautista
- Departamento de Farmacia Galénica y Tecnología Alimentaria, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Paloma Ballesteros
- Departamento de Farmacia Galénica y Tecnología Alimentaria, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Farmacia Industrial (IUFI), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J Torrado
- Departamento de Farmacia Galénica y Tecnología Alimentaria, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Farmacia Industrial (IUFI), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores R Serrano
- Departamento de Farmacia Galénica y Tecnología Alimentaria, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Farmacia Industrial (IUFI), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Gaber DA, Alsubaiyel AM, Alabdulrahim AK, Alharbi HZ, Aldubaikhy RM, Alharbi RS, Albishr WK, Mohamed HA. Nano-Emulsion Based Gel for Topical Delivery of an Anti-Inflammatory Drug: In vitro and in vivo Evaluation. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:1435-1451. [PMID: 37216175 PMCID: PMC10198277 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s407475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Arthritic disorder is a common disease in elderly patients and the most common cause of joint dysfunction. This study aims to design Piroxicam-loaded nanoemulsion (PXM-NE) formulations to enhance the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of the drug for topical use. Methods The nanoemulsion preparations were designed based on a high-pressure homogenization technique and were characterized for particle size (PS), poly dispersity index (Pi), zeta potential (ZP), drug content, and the selected formula was investigated for its topical analgesic activity and pharmacokinetic parameters. Results The characterizations showed that the PS was 310.20±19.84 nm, Pi was 0.15±0.02, and ZP was -15.74±1.6 mV for the selected formula. A morphology study showed that the PXM-NE droplets were spherical with a uniform size distribution. The in vitro release study showed a biphasic release pattern with a rapid release within the first 2 hours followed by a sustained release pattern. The analgesic activity for optimal formula was 1.66 times higher than the commercial gel with a double duration of analgesic activity. The Cmax was 45.73±9.95 and 28.48±6.44 ng/mL for the gel form of the selected formula and the commercial gel respectively. The relevant bioavailability of the selected formula was 2.41 higher than the commercial gel. Conclusion The results showed good physicochemical properties, higher bioavailability, and a longer analgesic effect of PXM from nanoemulsion gel, as compared to the commercial product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia A Gaber
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah, 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal M Alsubaiyel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah, 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hanan Z Alharbi
- College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah, 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rama M Aldubaikhy
- College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah, 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawan S Alharbi
- College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah, 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wades K Albishr
- College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah, 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba A Mohamed
- Department of Organic Chemistry, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt
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Masoumi H, Khazalpour S, Jamshidi M. Electrochemical study of 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole in the absence and presence of p-benzoquinone: an efficient strategy for the electrosynthesis of new 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives. RSC Adv 2023; 13:3083-3094. [PMID: 36756426 PMCID: PMC9850745 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07250e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, first, the electrochemical behavior of 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (AMT) was fully investigated in the absence and presence of electrochemically generated p-benzoquinone (p-BQ, which is the oxidized form of hydroquinone), as an electrophile, via cyclic voltammetry (CV) at a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and in an acetic acid buffer (0.2 M)/ethanol solution mixture. Then, an E-pH diagram was proposed for different structures of AMT at various pH values. The obtained voltammograms also exhibited an "electron transfer + chemical reaction" (EC) mechanism. Besides the voltammetric exploration, electrosynthesis of new 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives was conducted by constant current electrolysis (CCE) as a facile and cost-effective method for the formation of S-S and S-C bonds. Finally, the biological activity of products was also analyzed via an in silico method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Masoumi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University Hamedan 65178-38683 Iran
| | - Sadegh Khazalpour
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University Hamedan 65178-38683 Iran
| | - Mahdi Jamshidi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University Hamedan 65178-38683 Iran
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8
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Jamadar AT, Peram MR, Chandrasekhar N, Kanshide A, Kumbar VM, Diwan PV. Formulation, Optimization, and Evaluation of Ultradeformable Nanovesicles for Effective Topical Delivery of Hydroquinone. J Pharm Innov 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-022-09657-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Azimi A, Siahi-Shadbad MR, Monajjemzadeh F. The Effect of Azelaic Acid and Vitamin C on the Stability of Hydroquinone in Extemporaneous Topical Preparations: an Evidence-Based In Vitro Research. J Pharm Innov 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-021-09556-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Atipairin A, Chunhachaichana C, Nakpheng T, Changsan N, Srichana T, Sawatdee S. Development of a Sildenafil Citrate Microemulsion-Loaded Hydrogel as a Potential System for Drug Delivery to the Penis and Its Cellular Metabolic Mechanism. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12111055. [PMID: 33158184 PMCID: PMC7694282 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Sildenafil citrate is used to treat mild to moderate erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation. However, it has low oral bioavailability, numerous adverse effects, and delayed onset of action. These problems may be resolved by transdermal delivery to the penis. Hence, sildenafil citrate was formulated as a microemulsion system using isopropyl myristate, Tween 80, PEG400, and water (30:20:40:10). The hydrogel used in the microemulsion was 2% w/w poloxamer 188. The sildenafil microemulsion-loaded hydrogels were characterised for their appearance, particle size, pH, spreadability, swelling index, viscosity, sildenafil drug content, membrane permeation, epithelial cell cytotoxicity, and in vitro drug metabolism. The optimised formulated microemulsion showed the lowest droplet size and highest solubility of sildenafil citrate. The in vitro skin permeation of the sildenafil citrate microemulsion-loaded hydrogel was significantly higher than that of the sildenafil suspension, with a 1.97-fold enhancement ratio. The formulated microemulsion exhibited a 100% cell viability, indicating its safety for skin epithelial cells. The major metabolic pathway of sildenafil citrate loaded in the microemulsion formulation was hydroxylation. Furthermore, loading sildenafil in the microemulsion reduced the drug metabolite by approximately 50% compared to the sildenafil in aqueous suspension. The sildenafil citrate-loaded isopropyl myristate-based microemulsion hydrogels were physically and chemically stable over 6 months of storage. The sildenafil citrate microemulsion-loaded hydrogel showed in vitro results suitable for used as a transdermal drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apichart Atipairin
- Drug and Cosmetics Excellence Center, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand;
- School of Pharmacy, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand
| | - Charisopon Chunhachaichana
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; (C.C.); (T.N.); (T.S.)
| | - Titpawan Nakpheng
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; (C.C.); (T.N.); (T.S.)
| | - Narumon Changsan
- College of Pharmacy, Rangsit University, Pathumtani 12000, Thailand;
| | - Teerapol Srichana
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; (C.C.); (T.N.); (T.S.)
| | - Somchai Sawatdee
- Drug and Cosmetics Excellence Center, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand;
- School of Pharmacy, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +66-7567-2818; Fax: +66-7567-2814
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Fernández-García R, Statts L, de Jesus JA, Dea-Ayuela MA, Bautista L, Simão R, Bolás-Fernández F, Ballesteros MP, Laurenti MD, Passero LFD, Lalatsa A, Serrano DR. Ultradeformable Lipid Vesicles Localize Amphotericin B in the Dermis for the Treatment of Infectious Skin Diseases. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:2647-2660. [PMID: 32810398 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous fungal and parasitic diseases remain challenging to treat, as available therapies are unable to permeate the skin barrier. Thus, treatment options rely on systemic therapy, which fail to produce high local drug concentrations but can lead to significant systemic toxicity. Amphotericin B (AmB) is highly efficacious in the treatment of both fungal and parasitic diseases such as cutaneous leishmaniasis but is reserved for parenteral administration in patients with severe pathophysiology. Here, we have designed and optimized AmB-transfersomes [93.5% encapsulation efficiency, 150 nm size, and good colloidal stability (-35.02 mV)] that can remain physicochemically stable (>90% drug content) at room temperature and 4 °C over 6 months when lyophilized and stored under desiccated conditions. AmB-transfersomes possessed good permeability across mouse skin (4.91 ± 0.41 μg/cm2/h) and 10-fold higher permeability across synthetic Strat-M membranes. In vivo studies after a single topical application in mice showed permeability and accumulation within the dermis (>25 μg AmB/g skin 6 h postadministration), indicating the delivery of therapeutic amounts of AmB for mycoses and cutaneous leishmaniasis, while a single daily administration in Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis infected mice over 10 days, resulted in excellent efficacy (98% reduction in Leishmania parasites). Combining the application of AmB-transfersomes with metallic microneedles in vivo increased the levels in the SC and dermis but was unlikely to elicit transdermal levels. In conclusion, AmB-transfersomes are promising and stable topical nanomedicines that can be readily translated for parasitic and fungal infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Larry Statts
- Biomaterials, Bio-engineering and Nanomedicines (BioN) Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, St. Michael’s Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Jéssica A. de Jesus
- Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases (LIM-50), Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo 455, 01246903 Cerqueira César, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Auxiliadora Dea-Ayuela
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Carrer Santiago Ramón y Cajal s/n, 46113 Valencia, Spain
| | - Liliana Bautista
- Biomaterials, Bio-engineering and Nanomedicines (BioN) Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, St. Michael’s Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Marcia Dalastra Laurenti
- Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases (LIM-50), Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo 455, 01246903 Cerqueira César, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz F. D. Passero
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, São Vicente Praça Infante Dom Henrique s/n, 11330-900 São Vicente, SP, Brazil
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute for Advanced Studies of Ocean, São Vicente Av. João Francisco Bensdorp 1178, 11350-011 São Vicente, SP (Brazil)
| | - Aikaterini Lalatsa
- Biomaterials, Bio-engineering and Nanomedicines (BioN) Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, St. Michael’s Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
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12
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Lalatsa A, Statts L, Adriana de Jesus J, Adewusi O, Auxiliadora Dea-Ayuela M, Bolas-Fernandez F, Dalastra Laurenti M, Felipe Domingues Passero L, Serrano DR. Topical buparvaquone nano-enabled hydrogels for cutaneous leishmaniasis. Int J Pharm 2020; 588:119734. [PMID: 32777535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease presenting cutaneous, mucosal and visceral forms and affecting an estimated 12 million mostly low-income people. Treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is recommended to expedite healing, reduce risk of scarring, prevent parasite dissemination to other mucocutaneous (common with New World species) or visceral forms and reduce the chance of relapse, but remains an unmet need. Available treatments are painful, prolonged (>20 days) and require hospitalisation, which increases the cost of therapy. Here we present the development of optimised topical self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) loaded with buparvaquone (BPQ, a hydroxynapthoquinone from the open Malaria Box) for the treatment of CL from New World species. The administration of topical BPQ-SNEDDS gels for 7 days resulted in a reduction of parasite load of 99.989 ± 0.019% similar to the decrease achieved with intralesionally administered Glucantime® (99.873 ± 0.204%) in a L. amazonensis BALB/c model. In vivo efficacy was supported by ex vivo permeability and in vivo tape stripping studies. BPQ-SNEDDS and their hydrogels demonstrated linear flux across non-infected CD-1 mouse skin ex vivo of 182.4 ± 63.0 μg cm-2 h-1 and 57.6 ± 10.8 μg cm-2 h-1 respectively localising BPQ within the skin in clinically effective concentrations (227.0 ± 45.9 μg and 103.8 ± 33.8 μg) respectively. These levels are therapeutic as BPQ-SNEDDS and their gels showed nanomolar in vitro efficacy against L. amazonensis and L. braziliensis amastigotes with excellent selectivity index toward parasites versus murine macrophages. In vivo tape stripping experiments indicated localisation of BPQ within the stratum corneum and dermis. Histology studies confirmed the reduction of parasitism and indicated healing in animals treated with BPQ-SNEDDS hydrogels. These results highlight the potential clinical capability of nano-enabled BPQ hydrogels towards a non-invasive treatment for CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Lalatsa
- Biomaterials, Bio-engineering and Nanomedicines (BioN) Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK.
| | - Larry Statts
- Biomaterials, Bio-engineering and Nanomedicines (BioN) Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK
| | - Jéssica Adriana de Jesus
- Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases (LIM-50), Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo 455, 01246903 Cerqueira César, SP, Brazil
| | - Olivia Adewusi
- Biomaterials, Bio-engineering and Nanomedicines (BioN) Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK
| | - Maria Auxiliadora Dea-Ayuela
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Edificio Seminario s/n, 46113-Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Bolas-Fernandez
- Departament of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcia Dalastra Laurenti
- Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases (LIM-50), Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo 455, 01246903 Cerqueira César, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Felipe Domingues Passero
- Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases (LIM-50), Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo 455, 01246903 Cerqueira César, SP, Brazil; Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Praça Infante Dom Henrique s/n, 11330-900 São Vicente, SP, Brazil
| | - Dolores R Serrano
- Institute for Advanced Studies of Ocean Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. João Francisco Bensdorp, 1178, 11350-011 São Vicente, SP, Brazil; Departament of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology and Instituto Universitario de Farmacia Industrial (IUFI), School of Pharmacy, University Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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13
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Koppa Raghu P, Bansal KK, Thakor P, Bhavana V, Madan J, Rosenholm JM, Mehra NK. Evolution of Nanotechnology in Delivering Drugs to Eyes, Skin and Wounds via Topical Route. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E167. [PMID: 32726897 PMCID: PMC7463474 DOI: 10.3390/ph13080167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The topical route is the most preferred one for administering drugs to eyes, skin and wounds for reaching enhanced efficacy and to improve patient compliance. Topical administration of drugs via conventional dosage forms such as solutions, creams and so forth to the eyes is associated with very low bioavailability (less than 5%) and hence, we cannot rely on these for delivering drugs to eyes more efficiently. An intravitreal injection is another popular drug delivery regime but is associated with complications like intravitreal hemorrhage, retinal detachment, endophthalmitis, and cataracts. The skin has a complex structure that serves as numerous physiological barriers to the entry of exogenous substances. Drug localization is an important aspect of some dermal diseases and requires directed delivery of the active substance to the diseased cells, which is challenging with current approaches. Existing therapies used for wound healing are costly, and they involve long-lasting treatments with 70% chance of recurrence of ulcers. Nanotechnology is a novel and highly potential technology for designing formulations that would improve the efficiency of delivering drugs via the topical route. This review involves a discussion about how nanotechnology-driven drug delivery systems have evolved, and their potential in overcoming the natural barriers for delivering drugs to eyes, skin and wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratheeksha Koppa Raghu
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad 500037, Telangana, India; (P.K.R.); (P.T.); (V.B.); (J.M.)
| | - Kuldeep K. Bansal
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland;
| | - Pradip Thakor
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad 500037, Telangana, India; (P.K.R.); (P.T.); (V.B.); (J.M.)
| | - Valamla Bhavana
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad 500037, Telangana, India; (P.K.R.); (P.T.); (V.B.); (J.M.)
| | - Jitender Madan
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad 500037, Telangana, India; (P.K.R.); (P.T.); (V.B.); (J.M.)
| | - Jessica M. Rosenholm
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland;
| | - Neelesh Kumar Mehra
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad 500037, Telangana, India; (P.K.R.); (P.T.); (V.B.); (J.M.)
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14
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Lalatsa A, Patel PV, Sun Y, Kiun CC, Karimi F, Zekonyte J, Emeriewen K, Saleh GM. Transcutaneous anaesthetic nano-enabled hydrogels for eyelid surgery. Int J Pharm 2020; 577:119003. [PMID: 31935474 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.119003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Local anaesthetics are administered as a diffuse superficial slow injection in blepharoplasty. Current transcutaneous local anaesthetic formulations are not licensed for use on the face due to safety concerns. Here we report for the first time the permeation of local anaesthetics (lidocaine, bupivacaine loaded SNEDDS and their hydrogels) across human eyelid and mouse skin as a novel and ocular safe formulation for eyelid surgery. SNEDDS were loaded with high levels of anaesthetics and incorporated within carbomer hydrogels to yield nano-enabled gels. Lidocaine hydrogels have a significantly reduced lag time compared to EMLA, while they enhance lidocaine flux across human eyelid skin by 5.2 fold. Ex vivo tape stripping experiments indicated localisation of anaesthetics within the stratum corneum and dermis. Initial histopathological studies have shown no apparent signs of skin irritation. These results highlight the potential clinical capability of nano-enabled anaesthetic hydrogels as a non-invasive anaesthetic procedure for eyelid surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Lalatsa
- Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK.
| | - Priyanka V Patel
- Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK
| | - Yujiao Sun
- Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK
| | - Chong C Kiun
- Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK
| | - Ferishtah Karimi
- Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK
| | - Jurgita Zekonyte
- School of Mechanical and Design Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Portsmouth, Anglesea Building, Anglesea Road, Portsmouth PO1 3DJ, UK
| | - Krisztina Emeriewen
- The National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and the UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - George M Saleh
- The National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and the UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 2PD, UK
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