Involvement of Bacterial Extracellular Membrane Nanovesicles in Infectious Diseases and Their Application in Medicine

The Role of Bacterial Extracellular Membrane Nanovesicles in Atherosclerosis: Unraveling a Potential Trigger

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

In this review, we explore the intriguing and evolving connections between bacterial extracellular membrane nanovesicles (BEMNs) and atherosclerosis development, highlighting the evidence on molecular mechanisms by which BEMNs can promote the athero-inflammatory process that is central to the progression of atherosclerosis.

RECENT FINDINGS

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease primarily driven by metabolic and lifestyle factors; however, some studies have suggested that bacterial infections may contribute to the development of both atherogenesis and inflammation in atherosclerotic lesions. In particular, the participation of BEMNs in atherosclerosis pathogenesis has attracted special attention. We provide some general insights into how the immune system responds to potential threats such as BEMNs during the development of atherosclerosis. A comprehensive understanding of contribution of BEMNs to atherosclerosis pathogenesis may lead to the development of targeted interventions for the prevention and treatment of the disease.

Biomimetic Nano-Drug Delivery System: An Emerging Platform for Promoting Tumor Treatment

With the development of nanotechnology, nanoparticles (NPs) have shown broad prospects as drug delivery vehicles. However, they exhibit certain limitations, including low biocompatibility, poor physiological stability, rapid clearance from the body, and nonspecific targeting, which have hampered their clinical application. Therefore, the development of novel drug delivery systems with improved biocompatibility and high target specificity remains a major challenge. In recent years, biofilm mediated biomimetic nano-drug delivery system (BNDDS) has become a research hotspot focus in the field of life sciences. This new biomimetic platform uses bio-nanotechnology to encapsulate synthetic NPswithin biomimetic membrane, organically integrating the low immunogenicity, low toxicity, high tumor targeting, good biocompatibility of the biofilm with the adjustability and versatility of the nanocarrier, and shows promising applications in the field of precision tumor therapy. In this review, we systematically summarize the new progress in BNDDS used for optimizing drug delivery, providing a theoretical reference for optimizing drug delivery and designing safe and efficient treatment strategies to improve tumor treatment outcomes.