1
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Zhao X, Yu Z, Wang X, Li X, Liu Y, Wang L. The administration of human amniotic epithelial cells in premature ovarian insufficiency: From preclinical to clinical. Gynecol Endocrinol 2024; 40:2382818. [PMID: 39039858 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2024.2382818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) or premature ovarian failure (POF) is a multifactorial disorder occurring in reproductive-age women, characterized by elevated levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and irregular or absent menstrual cycles, often accompanied by perimenopausal symptoms and infertility. While assisted reproductive technology can address the reproductive aspirations of some POI-affected women, it is hindered by issues such as exorbitant expenses, substantial risks, and poor rates of conception. Encouragingly, extensive research is exploring novel approaches to enhance fertility, particularly in the realm of stem cell therapy, showcasing both feasibility and significant potential. Human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs) from discarded placental tissues are crucial in regenerative medicine for their pluripotency, low immunogenicity, non-tumorigenicity, accessibility, and minimal ethical concerns. Preclinical studies highlight the underlying mechanisms and therapeutic effects of hAECs in POI treatment, and current research is focusing on innovative interventions to augment hAECs' efficacy. However, despite these strides, overcoming application challenges is essential for successful clinical translation. This paper conducted a comprehensive analysis of the aforementioned issues, examining the prospects and challenges of hAECs in POI, with the aim of providing some insights for future research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Zhao
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhongna Yu
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinrun Wang
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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2
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Vahab SA, V VK, Kumar VS. Exosome-based drug delivery systems for enhanced neurological therapeutics. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s13346-024-01710-x. [PMID: 39325272 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01710-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles naturally secreted by cells into body fluids, enriched with bioactive molecules such as RNAs, proteins, and lipids. These nanosized vesicles play a crucial role in physiological and pathological processes by facilitating intercellular communication and modulating cellular responses, particularly within the central nervous system (CNS). Their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and reflect the characteristics of their parent cells makes exosomal cargo a promising candidate for biomarkers in the early diagnosis and clinical assessment of neurological conditions. This review offers a comprehensive overview of current knowledge on the characterization of mammalian-derived exosomes, their application as drug delivery systems for neurological disorders, and ongoing clinical trials involving exosome-loaded cargo. Despite their promising attributes, a significant challenge remains the lack of standardized isolation methods, as current techniques are often complex, costly, and require sophisticated equipment, affecting the scalability and affordability of exosome-based therapies. The review highlights the engineering potential of exosomes, emphasizing their ability to be customized for targeted therapeutic delivery through surface modification or conjugation. Future advancements in addressing these challenges and leveraging the unique properties of exosomes could lead to innovative and effective therapeutic strategies in neurology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa A Vahab
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi-682041, Kerala, India
| | - Vyshma K V
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi-682041, Kerala, India
| | - Vrinda S Kumar
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi-682041, Kerala, India.
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3
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Dang Q. LncRNA DARS-AS1 in human cancers: A comprehensive review of its potency as a biomarker and therapeutic target. Gene 2024; 923:148566. [PMID: 38762015 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs have emerged as important players in cancer biology. Increasing evidence has uncovered their potency in improving cancer management as they can be used as a credible prognostic and diagnostic biomarker. Recently, DARS-AS1 has gained significant attention for its involvement in facilitating tumor progression. So far, numerous research has been reported its upregulation in different malignancies of human body systems and revealed its association with cancer hallmarks as well as clinicopathological characteristics. Importantly, targeting DARS-AS1 holds promise in cancer therapy. In the current study, we provide an in-depth analysis of its expression status and explore the underlying mechanisms through which DARS-AS1 contributes to tumor initiation, growth, invasion, and metastasis. Additionally, we examine the correlation between DARS-AS1 expression and clinicopathological features of cancer patients, shedding light on its potential as a cancer biomarker. Furthermore, we discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting DARS-AS1 in cancer treatment, highlighting emerging strategies, such as RNA interference and small molecule inhibitors. Boosting the understanding of its functional role can open new avenues for precision medicine, thus resulting in better outcomes for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiucai Dang
- Zhumadian Preschool Education College, Zhumadian, Henan Province 463000, China.
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4
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Zhang Z, Fu Y, Ju X, Zhang F, Zhang P, He M. Advances in Engineering Circular RNA Vaccines. Pathogens 2024; 13:692. [PMID: 39204292 PMCID: PMC11356823 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13080692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Engineered circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of single-stranded RNAs with head-to-tail covalently linked structures that integrate open reading frames (ORFs) and internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs) with the function of coding and expressing proteins. Compared to mRNA vaccines, circRNA vaccines offer a more improved method that is safe, stable, and simple to manufacture. With the rapid revelation of the biological functions of circRNA and the success of Severe Acute Respiratory Coronavirus Type II (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA vaccines, biopharmaceutical companies and researchers around the globe are attempting to develop more stable circRNA vaccines for illness prevention and treatment. Nevertheless, research on circRNA vaccines is still in its infancy, and more work and assessment are needed for their synthesis, delivery, and use. In this review, based on the current understanding of the molecular biological properties and immunotherapeutic mechanisms of circRNA, we summarize the current preparation methods of circRNA vaccines, including design, synthesis, purification, and identification. We discuss their delivery strategies and summarize the challenges facing the clinical application of circRNAs to provide references for circRNA vaccine-related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China;
| | - Yuanlei Fu
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine & Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia Medica, Yantai 264005, China; (Y.F.); (X.J.); (F.Z.)
| | - Xiaoli Ju
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine & Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia Medica, Yantai 264005, China; (Y.F.); (X.J.); (F.Z.)
| | - Furong Zhang
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine & Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia Medica, Yantai 264005, China; (Y.F.); (X.J.); (F.Z.)
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China;
| | - Meilin He
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine & Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia Medica, Yantai 264005, China; (Y.F.); (X.J.); (F.Z.)
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5
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Wang Z, Zhang Y, Li X. Mitigation of Oxidative Stress in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Through Exosome-Mediated Therapies. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:6161-6176. [PMID: 38911503 PMCID: PMC11193999 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s453739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) poses a formidable clinical challenge, characterized by the thickening of alveolar septa and the onset of pulmonary fibrosis. The pronounced activation of oxidative stress emerges as a pivotal hallmark of inflammation. Traditional application of exogenous antioxidants proves inadequate in addressing oxidative stress, necessitating exploration into strategies to augment their antioxidant efficacy. Exosomes, nano-sized extracellular vesicles harboring a diverse array of bioactive factors, present as promising carriers with the potential to meet this challenge. Recent attention has been directed towards the clinical applications of exosomes in IPF, fueling the impetus for this comprehensive review. We have compiled fresh insights into the role of exosomes in modulating oxidative stress in IPF and delved into their potential as carriers for regulating endogenous reactive oxygen species generation. This review endeavors to bridge the divide between exosome research and IPF, traversing from bedside to bench. Through the synthesis of recent findings, we propose exosomes as a novel and promising strategy for improving the outcomes of IPF therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaiyan Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, 201318, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoning Li
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, 201318, People’s Republic of China
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6
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Sani F, Shojaei S, Tabatabaei SA, Khorraminejad-Shirazi M, Latifi M, Sani M, Azarpira N. CAR-T cell-derived exosomes: a new perspective for cancer therapy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:174. [PMID: 38886844 PMCID: PMC11184895 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03783-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell adoptive immunotherapy is a promising cancer treatment that uses genetically engineered T cells to attack tumors. However, this therapy can have some adverse effects. CAR-T cell-derived exosomes are a potential alternative to CAR-T cells that may overcome some limitations. Exosomes are small vesicles released by cells and can carry a variety of molecules, including proteins, RNA, and DNA. They play an important role in intercellular communication and can be used to deliver therapeutic agents to cancer cells. The application of CAR-T cell-derived exosomes could make CAR-T cell therapy more clinically controllable and effective. Exosomes are cell-free, which means that they are less likely to cause adverse reactions than CAR-T cells. The combination of CAR-T cells and exosomes may be a more effective way to treat cancer than either therapy alone. Exosomes can deliver therapeutic agents to cancer cells where CAR-T cells cannot reach. The appropriate application of both cellular and exosomal platforms could make CAR-T cell therapy a more practicable treatment for cancer. This combination therapy could offer a safe and effective way to treat a variety of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Sani
- Shiraz Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shabnam Shojaei
- School of Medicine, Shiraz Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammadhossein Khorraminejad-Shirazi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Student research committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Mona Latifi
- Department of Physiological Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Mahsa Sani
- Shiraz Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Shiraz Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Khalili Street, P.O. Box: 7193711351, Shiraz, Iran.
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7
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Yuan W, Shi X, Lee LTO. RNA therapeutics in targeting G protein-coupled receptors: Recent advances and challenges. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024; 35:102195. [PMID: 38741614 PMCID: PMC11089380 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2024.102195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the major targets of existing drugs for a plethora of human diseases and dominate the pharmaceutical market. However, over 50% of the GPCRs remain undruggable. To pursue a breakthrough and overcome this situation, there is significant clinical research for developing RNA-based drugs specifically targeting GPCRs, but none has been approved so far. RNA therapeutics represent a unique and promising approach to selectively targeting previously undruggable targets, including undruggable GPCRs. However, the development of RNA therapeutics faces significant challenges in areas of RNA stability and efficient in vivo delivery. This review presents an overview of the advances in RNA therapeutics and the diverse types of nanoparticle RNA delivery systems. It also describes the potential applications of GPCR-targeted RNA drugs for various human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjun Yuan
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa 999078, Macau, China
| | - Xiangyang Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People’s Republic of China
| | - Leo Tsz On Lee
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa 999078, Macau, China
- Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa 999078, Macau, China
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8
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Muttiah B, Ng SL, Lokanathan Y, Ng MH, Law JX. Extracellular Vesicles in Breast Cancer: From Intercellular Communication to Therapeutic Opportunities. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:654. [PMID: 38794316 PMCID: PMC11125876 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16050654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer, a multifaceted and heterogeneous disease, poses significant challenges in terms of understanding its intricate resistance mechanisms and devising effective therapeutic strategies. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the intricate landscape of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the context of breast cancer, highlighting their diverse subtypes, biogenesis, and roles in intercellular communication within the tumour microenvironment (TME). The discussion spans various aspects, from EVs and stromal cells in breast cancer to their influence on angiogenesis, immune response, and chemoresistance. The impact of EV production in different culture systems, including two dimensional (2D), three dimensional (3D), and organoid models, is explored. Furthermore, this review delves into the therapeutic potential of EVs in breast cancer, presenting emerging strategies such as engineered EVs for gene delivery, nanoplatforms for targeted chemotherapy, and disrupting tumour derived EVs as a treatment approach. Understanding these complex interactions of EV within the breast cancer milieu is crucial for identifying resistance mechanisms and developing new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barathan Muttiah
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (Y.L.); (M.H.N.)
| | - Sook Luan Ng
- Department of Craniofacial Diagnostics and Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
| | - Yogeswaran Lokanathan
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (Y.L.); (M.H.N.)
| | - Min Hwei Ng
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (Y.L.); (M.H.N.)
| | - Jia Xian Law
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (Y.L.); (M.H.N.)
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9
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Heo JI, Ryu J. Exosomal noncoding RNA: A potential therapy for retinal vascular diseases. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024; 35:102128. [PMID: 38356865 PMCID: PMC10865410 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2024.102128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that can contain DNA, RNA, proteins, and metabolites. They are secreted by cells and play a regulatory role in various biological responses by mediating cell-to-cell communication. Moreover, exosomes are of interest in developing therapies for retinal vascular disorders because they can deliver various substances to cellular targets. According to recent research, exosomes can be used as a strategy for managing retinal vascular diseases, and they are being investigated for therapeutic purposes in eye conditions, including glaucoma, dry eye syndrome, retinal ischemia, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration. However, the role of exosomal noncoding RNA in retinal vascular diseases is not fully understood. Here, we reviewed the latest research on the biological role of exosomal noncoding RNA in treating retinal vascular diseases. Research has shown that noncoding RNAs, including microRNAs, circular RNAs, and long noncoding RNAs play a significant role in the regulation of retinal vascular diseases. Furthermore, through exosome engineering, the expression of relevant noncoding RNAs in exosomes can be controlled to regulate retinal vascular diseases. Therefore, this review suggests that exosomal noncoding RNA could be considered as a biomarker for diagnosis and as a therapeutic target for treating retinal vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Ik Heo
- Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Juhee Ryu
- Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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10
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Zareifar P, Ahmed HM, Ghaderi P, Farahmand Y, Rahnama N, Esbati R, Moradi A, Yazdani O, Sadeghipour Y. miR-142-3p/5p role in cancer: From epigenetic regulation to immunomodulation. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3931. [PMID: 38379239 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in cancer pathobiology, acting as regulators of gene expression and pivotal drivers of tumorigenesis. It is believed that miRNAs act through canonical mechanisms, involving the binding of mature miRNAs to target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and subsequent repression of protein translation or degradation of target mRNAs. miR-142-3p/5p has been extensively studied and established as a key regulator in various malignancies. Recent discoveries have revealed miR-142-3p/5p serve as either oncogene or tumor suppressor in cancer. By targeting epigenetic factor and cancer-related signaling pathway, miR-142-3p/5p can regulate wide range of downstream genes. The immune modulatory role of miR-142-3p/5p has been shown in various cancers, which provides significant insight into immunosuppression and tumor escape from the immune response. Exosomes with miR-142-3p/5p facilitate cell communication and can affect cancer cell behavior, offering potential therapeutic, and diagnosis applications in cancer therapy. In this review, for the first time, we comprehensively summarize the current knowledge regarding mentioned functions of miR-142-3p/5p in cancer pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Zareifar
- Golestan University of Medical Science, Gorgan, Golestan, Iran
| | | | - Pouya Ghaderi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Yalda Farahmand
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negin Rahnama
- Department of Internal Medicine and Health Services, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Romina Esbati
- Department of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Moradi
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Yazdani
- Department of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasin Sadeghipour
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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11
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To KKW, Huang Z, Zhang H, Ashby CR, Fu L. Utilizing non-coding RNA-mediated regulation of ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters to overcome multidrug resistance to cancer chemotherapy. Drug Resist Updat 2024; 73:101058. [PMID: 38277757 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2024.101058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the primary factors that produces treatment failure in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. MDR is a complex multifactorial phenomenon, characterized by a decrease or abrogation of the efficacy of a wide spectrum of anticancer drugs that are structurally and mechanistically distinct. The overexpression of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, notably ABCG2 and ABCB1, are one of the primary mediators of MDR in cancer cells, which promotes the efflux of certain chemotherapeutic drugs from cancer cells, thereby decreasing or abolishing their therapeutic efficacy. A number of studies have suggested that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), particularly microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), play a pivotal role in mediating the upregulation of ABC transporters in certain MDR cancer cells. This review will provide updated information about the induction of ABC transporters due to the aberrant regulation of ncRNAs in cancer cells. We will also discuss the measurement and biological profile of circulating ncRNAs in various body fluids as potential biomarkers for predicting the response of cancer patients to chemotherapy. Sequence variations, such as alternative polyadenylation of mRNA and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) at miRNA target sites, which may indicate the interaction of miRNA-mediated gene regulation with genetic variations to modulate the MDR phenotype, will be reviewed. Finally, we will highlight novel strategies that could be used to modulate ncRNAs and circumvent ABC transporter-mediated MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth K W To
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Zoufang Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Charles R Ashby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, United States
| | - Liwu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China.
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12
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Lin Y, Chen Y, Luo Z, Wu YL. Recent advances in biomaterial designs for assisting CAR-T cell therapy towards potential solid tumor treatment. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:3226-3242. [PMID: 38284230 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05768b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells have shown promising outcomes in the treatment of hematologic malignancies. However, CAR-T cell therapy in solid tumor treatment has been significantly hindered, due to the complex manufacturing process, difficulties in proliferation and infiltration, lack of precision, or poor visualization ability. Fortunately, recent reports have shown that functional biomaterial designs such as nanoparticles, polymers, hydrogels, or implantable scaffolds might have potential to address the above challenges. In this review, we aim to summarize the recent advances in the designs of functional biomaterials for assisting CAR-T cell therapy for potential solid tumor treatments. Firstly, by enabling efficient CAR gene delivery in vivo and in vitro, functional biomaterials can streamline the difficult process of CAR-T cell therapy manufacturing. Secondly, they might also serve as carriers for drugs and bioactive molecules, promoting the proliferation and infiltration of CAR-T cells. Furthermore, a number of functional biomaterial designs with immunomodulatory properties might modulate the tumor microenvironment, which could provide a platform for combination therapies or improve the efficacy of CAR-T cell therapy through synergistic therapeutic effects. Last but not least, the current challenges with biomaterials-based CAR-T therapies will also be discussed, which might be helpful for the future design of CAR-T therapy in solid tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Ying Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Zheng Luo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Yun-Long Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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13
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Xu Y, Han J, Zhang X, Zhang X, Song J, Gao Z, Qian H, Jin J, Liang Z. Exosomal circRNAs in gastrointestinal cancer: Role in occurrence, development, diagnosis and clinical application (Review). Oncol Rep 2024; 51:19. [PMID: 38099408 PMCID: PMC10777447 DOI: 10.3892/or.2023.8678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancer is frequently detected at an advanced stage and has an undesirable prognosis due to the absence of efficient and precise biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Exosomes are small, living‑cell‑derived vesicles that serve a critical role in facilitating intercellular communication by transporting molecules from donor cells to receiver cells. circular RNAs (circRNAs) are mis‑expressed in a variety of diseases, including gastrointestinal cancer, and are promising as diagnostic biomarkers and tumor therapeutic targets for gastrointestinal cancer. The main features of exosomes and circRNAs are discussed in the present review, along with research on the biological function of exosomal circRNAs in the development and progression of gastrointestinal cancer. It also assesses the advantages and disadvantages of implementing these findings in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Xu
- Wujin Institute of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Cancer Medicine of Jiangsu University, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213017, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Jiayi Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Wujin Institute of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Cancer Medicine of Jiangsu University, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213017, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Jiajia Song
- Wujin Institute of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Cancer Medicine of Jiangsu University, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213017, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Zihan Gao
- Wujin Institute of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Cancer Medicine of Jiangsu University, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213017, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Hui Qian
- Wujin Institute of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Cancer Medicine of Jiangsu University, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213017, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Jin
- Wujin Institute of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Cancer Medicine of Jiangsu University, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213017, P.R. China
| | - Zhaofeng Liang
- Wujin Institute of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Cancer Medicine of Jiangsu University, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213017, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
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14
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Abdullaev B, Rasyid SA, Ali E, Al-Dhalimy AMB, Mustafa YF, Fenjan MN, Misra N, Al-Musawi SG, Alawadi A, Alsalamy A. Effective exosomes in breast cancer: focusing on diagnosis and treatment of cancer progression. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 253:154995. [PMID: 38113765 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent aggressive malignant tumor in women worldwide and develops from breast tissue. Although cutting-edge treatment methods have been used and current mortality rates have decreased, BC control is still not satisfactory. Clarifying the underlying molecular mechanisms will help clinical options. Extracellular vesicles known as exosomes mediate cellular communication by delivering a variety of biomolecules, including proteins, oncogenes, oncomiRs, and even pharmacological substances. These transferable bioactive molecules can alter the transcriptome of target cells and affect signaling pathways that are related to tumors. Numerous studies have linked exosomes to BC biology, including therapeutic resistance and the local microenvironment. Exosomes' roles in tumor treatment resistance, invasion, and BC metastasis are the main topics of discussion in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bekhzod Abdullaev
- Research Department of Biotechnology, New Uzbekistan University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Central Asian University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
| | - Sri Anggarini Rasyid
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Mandala Waluya University, Kendari, South East Sulawesi, Indonesia.
| | - Eyhab Ali
- college of chemistry, Al-Zahraa University for Women, Karbala, Iraq
| | | | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Iraq
| | - Mohammed N Fenjan
- College of Health and Medical Technology, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | - Neeti Misra
- Department of Management, Uttaranchal Institute of Management, Uttaranchal University, India
| | | | - Ahmed Alawadi
- College of technical engineering, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq; College of technical engineering, the Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Iraq; College of technical engineering, the Islamic University of Babylon, Iraq
| | - Ali Alsalamy
- College of technical engineering, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Iraq
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15
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Singh S, Dansby C, Agarwal D, Bhat PD, Dubey PK, Krishnamurthy P. Exosomes: Methods for Isolation and Characterization in Biological Samples. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2835:181-213. [PMID: 39105917 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3995-5_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are small lipid bilayer-encapsulated nanosized extracellular vesicles of endosomal origin. Exosomes are secreted by almost all cell types and are a crucial player in intercellular communication. Exosomes transmit cellular information from donor to recipient cells in the form of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids and influence several physiological and pathological responses. Due to their capacity to carry a variety of cellular cargo, low immunogenicity and cytotoxicity, biocompatibility, and ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, these nanosized vesicles are considered excellent diagnostic tools and drug-delivery vehicles. Despite their tremendous potential, the progress in therapeutic applications of exosomes is hindered by inadequate isolation techniques, poor characterization, and scarcity of specific biomarkers. The current research in the field is focused on overcoming these limitations. In this chapter, we have reviewed conventional exosome isolation and characterization methods and recent advancements, their advantages and limitations, persistent challenges in exosome research, and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarojini Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Heersink School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Cassidy Dansby
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Heersink School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Divyanshi Agarwal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Heersink School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Purnima Devaki Bhat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Heersink School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Praveen Kumar Dubey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Heersink School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Prasanna Krishnamurthy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Heersink School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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16
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Al-Jipouri A, Eritja À, Bozic M. Unraveling the Multifaceted Roles of Extracellular Vesicles: Insights into Biology, Pharmacology, and Pharmaceutical Applications for Drug Delivery. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:485. [PMID: 38203656 PMCID: PMC10779093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoparticles released from various cell types that have emerged as powerful new therapeutic option for a variety of diseases. EVs are involved in the transmission of biological signals between cells and in the regulation of a variety of biological processes, highlighting them as potential novel targets/platforms for therapeutics intervention and/or delivery. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate new aspects of EVs' biogenesis, biodistribution, metabolism, and excretion as well as safety/compatibility of both unmodified and engineered EVs upon administration in different pharmaceutical dosage forms and delivery systems. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of essential physiological and pathological roles of EVs in different organs and organ systems. We provide an overview regarding application of EVs as therapeutic targets, therapeutics, and drug delivery platforms. We also explore various approaches implemented over the years to improve the dosage of specific EV products for different administration routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Al-Jipouri
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45147 Essen, Germany;
| | - Àuria Eritja
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRBLLEIDA), 25196 Lleida, Spain;
| | - Milica Bozic
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45147 Essen, Germany;
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRBLLEIDA), 25196 Lleida, Spain;
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17
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Ishibashi O, Muljo SA, Islam Z. Regulation of Macrophage Polarization in Allergy by Noncoding RNAs. Noncoding RNA 2023; 9:75. [PMID: 38133209 PMCID: PMC10745746 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna9060075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergy is a type 2 immune reaction triggered by antigens known as allergens, including food and environmental substances such as peanuts, plant pollen, fungal spores, and the feces and debris of mites and insects. Macrophages are myeloid immune cells with phagocytic abilities that process exogenous and endogenous antigens. Upon activation, they can produce effector molecules such as cytokines as well as anti-inflammatory molecules. The dysregulation of macrophage function can lead to excessive type 1 inflammation as well as type 2 inflammation, which includes allergic reactions. Thus, it is important to better understand how macrophages are regulated in the pathogenesis of allergies. Emerging evidence highlights the role of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in macrophage polarization, which in turn can modify the pathogenesis of various immune-mediated diseases, including allergies. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding this topic and considers three classes of ncRNAs: microRNAs, long ncRNAs, and circular ncRNAs. Understanding the roles of these ncRNAs in macrophage polarization will provide new insights into the pathogenesis of allergies and identify potential novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Ishibashi
- Laboratory of Biological Macromolecules, Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
| | - Stefan A. Muljo
- Integrative Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zohirul Islam
- Integrative Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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18
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Zhang B, Li J, Jiang J, Lin X, Sun X, Wang Q. Overcoming delivery barriers for RNA therapeutics in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 192:147-160. [PMID: 37844708 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
RNA therapeutics can manipulate gene expression or protein production, making them suitable for treating a wide range of diseases. Theoretically, any disease that has a definite biological target would probably find feasible therapeutic approach from RNA-based therapeutics. Numerous clinical trials using RNA therapeutics fighting against cancer, infectious diseases or inherited diseases have been reported and achieved desirable therapeutic efficacy. So far, encouraging findings from various animal experimental studies have also confirmed the great potential of RNA-based therapies in the treatment of rheumatic arthritis (RA). However, the in vivo multiple physiological barriers still seriously compromise the therapeutic efficacy of RNA drugs. Thus, safe and effective delivery strategies for RNA therapeutics are quite essential for their further and wide application in RA therapy. In this review, we will discuss the recent progress achieved using RNA-based therapeutics and focus on delivery strategies that can overcome the in vivo delivery barriers in RA treatment. Furthermore, discussion about the existing problems in current RNA delivery systems for RA therapy has been also included here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Jiayu Jiang
- Patent Examination Cooperation Sichuan Center of the Patent office, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Xin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Xun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
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19
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Chen LY, Kao TW, Chen CC, Niaz N, Lee HL, Chen YH, Kuo CC, Shen YA. Frontier Review of the Molecular Mechanisms and Current Approaches of Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071018. [PMID: 37048091 PMCID: PMC10093591 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are effective therapeutic vehicles that may transport their substances across cells. They are shown to possess the capacity to affect cell proliferation, migration, anti-apoptosis, anti-scarring, and angiogenesis, via the action of transporting molecular components. Possessing immense potential in regenerative medicine, exosomes, especially stem cell-derived exosomes, have the advantages of low immunogenicity, minimal invasiveness, and broad clinical applicability. Exosome biodistribution and pharmacokinetics may be altered, in response to recent advancements in technology, for the purpose of treating particular illnesses. Yet, prior to clinical application, it is crucial to ascertain the ideal dose and any potential negative consequences of an exosome. This review focuses on the therapeutic potential of stem cell-derived exosomes and further illustrates the molecular mechanisms that underpin their potential in musculoskeletal regeneration, wound healing, female infertility, cardiac recovery, immunomodulation, neurological disease, and metabolic regulation. In addition, we provide a summary of the currently effective techniques for isolating exosomes, and describe the innovations in biomaterials that improve the efficacy of exosome-based treatments. Overall, this paper provides an updated overview of the biological factors found in stem cell-derived exosomes, as well as potential targets for future cell-free therapeutic applications.
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