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Xie L, Slotsbo S, Damgaard C, Holmstrup M. Exposure to teflubenzuron reduces drought tolerance of collembolans. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 361:142448. [PMID: 38823429 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Chitin synthesis inhibitors (CSIs) are commonly used insecticides compromising cuticle formation and structure in arthropods. Arthropods rely on intact cuticles to maintain water balance and cellular homeostasis to survive in different weather conditions. We hypothesized that physiological impacts of CSIs may make arthropods more vulnerable to harsh environmental conditions, such as extreme heat, cold or drought. The aim of this study was to investigate if pre-exposure to teflubenzuron (a common CSI) would influence Folsomia candida's (Collembola: Isotomidae) sensitivity to natural stressors. Here, we exposed adult collembolans to teflubenzuron through food for two weeks, then survivors were immediately divided into three groups for subsequent acute heat, cold, and drought exposure. After acute exposure to these natural stressors, the collembolans were moved to optimal conditions for a one-week recovery period during which their survival, time to regain reproduction, and egg production were examined. We analyzed the interaction between effects of teflubenzuron and natural stressors using a multiplicative model. No interaction between effects of teflubenzuron and heat was observed in any test endpoints. A synergistic interaction between effects of teflubenzuron and cold was observed in the time to regain reproduction. Both survival and egg production, on the other hand, showed synergistic interaction between effects of teflubenzuron and drought, as well as a tendency for longer reproduction recovery times. Our results suggest that pre-exposure to teflubenzuron reduces drought tolerance in F. candida, while its impact on heat or cold tolerance is minor or absent. This study is among the first to explore the combined effects of CSI and natural stressors on soil arthropods, providing more insight on potential risks posed by such chemicals in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Xie
- Aarhus University, Department of Ecoscience, Section for Terrestrial Ecology, C.F. Møllers Allé 4, Building 1120, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Stine Slotsbo
- Aarhus University, Department of Ecoscience, Section for Terrestrial Ecology, C.F. Møllers Allé 4, Building 1120, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Christian Damgaard
- Aarhus University, Department of Ecoscience, Section for Terrestrial Ecology, C.F. Møllers Allé 4, Building 1120, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Martin Holmstrup
- Aarhus University, Department of Ecoscience, Section for Terrestrial Ecology, C.F. Møllers Allé 4, Building 1120, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Cruces L, de la Peña E, De Clercq P. Advances in the Integrated Pest Management of Quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa Willd.): A Global Perspective. INSECTS 2024; 15:540. [PMID: 39057272 PMCID: PMC11276635 DOI: 10.3390/insects15070540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Since ancestral times, quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) has been cultivated in the Andean regions. Recently, this pseudocereal has received increasing international attention due to its beneficial properties, such as adaptation and resilience in the context of global change, and the nutritional value of the grains. As a result, its production areas have not only increased in the highlands of South America but have also expanded outside of its Andean origins, and the crop is currently produced worldwide. The key pests of quinoa in the Andean region are the gelechiid moths Eurysacca melanocampta and Eurysacca quinoae; in other parts of the world, new pest problems have recently been identified limiting quinoa production, including the gelechiid Scrobipalpa atripicella in North America and Europe and the agromyzid fly Amauromyza karli in North America. In this review, the status of quinoa pests in the world is presented, and different aspects of their integrated management are discussed, including sampling methodologies for pest monitoring, economic threshold levels, and various control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Cruces
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agronomy, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima 12-056, Peru
| | - Eduardo de la Peña
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (E.d.l.P.); (P.D.C.)
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora” (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Estación Experimental “La Mayora”, Algarrobo-Costa, 29750 Malaga, Spain
| | - Patrick De Clercq
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (E.d.l.P.); (P.D.C.)
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Cruces L, de la Peña E, Livia C, De Clercq P. Development, Predation, and Prey Preference of Chrysoperla externa on Liorhyssus hyalinus and Nysius simulans, Two Emerging Pests of Quinoa. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 52:273-282. [PMID: 35729313 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-022-00972-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, Liorhyssus hyalinus (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Rhopalidae) and Nysius simulans Stål (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) have emerged as important pests of quinoa in Peru, when the crop started to be cultivated at relatively low elevations. The potential of the native lacewing Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) was evaluated as a biological control agent of these two pest species. Prey consumption on all immature stages of L. hyalinus and N. simulans was assessed, as well as development on first instars of these heteropterans and eggs of Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) as a factitious prey. In addition, prey preference was examined in the absence and presence of a preferred prey, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Larvae of the predator were not able to feed on L. hyalinus eggs, but they effectively did on N. simulans eggs as well as on all nymphal instars of both species. Nymphs of L. hyalinus were less suitable prey for larval development of C. externa than eggs of S. cerealella, whereas N. simulans was overall an unsuitable prey. There was a clear prey preference of C. externa for aphids over the two heteropteran species, as well as a preference for N. simulans over L. hyalinus. The predation rates in this study indicate the potential of C. externa as a predator of these heteropteran pests that can play a role in both conservation and augmentation biological control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Cruces
- Dept of Entomology, Faculty of Agronomy, Univ Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Peru.
- Dept of Plants & Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent Univ, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Eduardo de la Peña
- Dept of Plants & Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent Univ, Ghent, Belgium
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council 5CSIC, Estación Experimental "La Mayora", Malaga, Spain
| | - Carmen Livia
- Dept of Entomology, Faculty of Agronomy, Univ Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Peru
| | - Patrick De Clercq
- Dept of Plants & Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent Univ, Ghent, Belgium
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Pulvento C, Bazile D. Worldwide Evaluations of Quinoa-Biodiversity and Food Security under Climate Change Pressures: Advances and Perspectives. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:868. [PMID: 36840215 PMCID: PMC9959060 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Cataldo Pulvento
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science (DISSPA) University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Didier Bazile
- CIRAD, UMR SENS, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- SENS, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, F-34398 Montpellier, France
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Bordini I, Naranjo SE, Fournier A, Ellsworth PC. Spatial scale of non-target effects of cotton insecticides. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0272831. [PMID: 37163549 PMCID: PMC10171601 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Plot size is of practical importance in any integrated pest management (IPM) study that has a field component. Such studies need to be conducted at a scale relevant to species dynamics because their abundance and distribution in plots might vary according to plot size. An adequate plot size is especially important for researchers, technology providers and regulatory agencies in understanding effects of various insect control technologies on non-target arthropods. Plots that are too small might fail to detect potential harmful effects of these technologies due to arthropod movement and redistribution among plots, or from untreated areas and outside sources. The Arizona cotton system is heavily dependent on technologies for arthropod control, thus we conducted a 2-year replicated field experiment to estimate the optimal plot size for non-target arthropod studies in our system. Experimental treatments consisted of three square plot sizes and three insecticides in a full factorial. We established three plot sizes that measured 144 m2, 324 m2 and 576 m2. For insecticide treatments, we established an untreated check, a positive control insecticide with known negative effects on the arthropod community and a selective insecticide. We investigated how plot size impacts the estimation of treatment effects relative to community structure (27 taxa), community diversity, individual abundance, effect sizes, biological control function of arthropod taxa with a wide range of mobility, including Collops spp., Orius tristicolor, Geocoris spp., Misumenops celer, Drapetis nr. divergens and Chrysoperla carnea s.l.. Square 144 m2 plots supported similar results for all parameters compared with larger plots, and are thus sufficiently large to measure insecticidal effects on non-target arthropods in cotton. Our results are applicable to cotton systems with related pests, predators or other fauna with similar dispersal characteristics. Moreover, these results also might be generalizable to other crop systems with similar fauna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isadora Bordini
- Department of Entomology, Maricopa Agricultural Center, University of Arizona, Maricopa, AZ, United States of America
| | - Steven E Naranjo
- USDA-ARS, Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, Maricopa, AZ, United States of America
| | - Alfred Fournier
- Department of Entomology, Maricopa Agricultural Center, University of Arizona, Maricopa, AZ, United States of America
| | - Peter C Ellsworth
- Department of Entomology, Maricopa Agricultural Center, University of Arizona, Maricopa, AZ, United States of America
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Zhang Y, Zhang X, Tian Q, Ali S, Tang L, Wu J. Toxicological and Biochemical Description of Synergism of Beauveria bassiana and Emamectin Benzoate against Megalurothrips usitatus (Bagrall). J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8090916. [PMID: 36135641 PMCID: PMC9503021 DOI: 10.3390/jof8090916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The prophylactic application of synthetic insecticides to manage Megalurothrips usitatus (Bagrall) has resulted in insecticide resistance and negative impacts upon natural ecosystems. This has driven the need for developing alternative pest control strategies. In the present study, we investigated the synergistic interaction between the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana and the insecticide emamectin benzoate on M. usitatus. The results of our research exhibited that higher doses of emamectin benzoate inhibited the germination rate and colony growth of B. bassiana. The percentage of M. usitatus mortality following B. bassiana and emamectin benzoate treatment indicated a dose–mortality effect. All concentrations of emamectin benzoate combined with different concentrations of B. bassiana demonstrated a synergistic effect five days post-treatment. When B. bassiana and emamectin benzoate were applied alone or in combination, antioxidant enzyme activities, including acetylcholinesterase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase, were significantly lower in M. usiatus than in the controls at the end of the experimental period. The findings of our study confirm the synergistic effect of B. bassiana and emamectin benzoate on M. usitatus, as well as the biochemical process that might be involved in the regulation of the synergistic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youdan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, Engineering Research Centre of Biological Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Engineering Research Center of Biological Control, Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaochen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, Engineering Research Centre of Biological Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Engineering Research Center of Biological Control, Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qingheng Tian
- Taiqian County Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau, Puyang 457600, China
| | - Shaukat Ali
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, Engineering Research Centre of Biological Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Engineering Research Center of Biological Control, Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Liangde Tang
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Correspondence: (L.T.); (J.W.)
| | - Jianhui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, Engineering Research Centre of Biological Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Engineering Research Center of Biological Control, Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (L.T.); (J.W.)
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Cruces L, de la Peña E, De Clercq P. Thermal Biology of Liorhyssus hyalinus (Hemiptera: Rhopalidae) and Nysius simulans (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae), Fed on the Milky Stage of Maize Grains. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2022; 22:1. [PMID: 35780387 PMCID: PMC9250699 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieac034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
When quinoa, Chenopodium quinoa Willd., is cultivated in South America outside of its Andean origin, the heteropterans Liorhyssus hyalinus (Fabricius) and Nysius simulans Stål may emerge as important pests. Here we studied the development and reproduction of both species at different constant temperatures in the laboratory. Egg and nymphal development were investigated at 18, 22, 26, 30, 34, and 36°C. For both species, egg incubation time significantly decreased as the temperature increased. Nymphs did not successfully develop at 18°C and the total nymphal time significantly decreased as the temperature increased from 22 to 36°C. Based on a linear day-degree (DD) model, the lower developmental threshold (LDT) temperatures for eggs and nymphs were estimated to be 16.0 and 17.9°C for L. hyalinus, and 16.1 and 19.7°C for N. simulans, respectively. Thermal requirements for egg and nymphal development were 68.6 and 114.8 DD for L. hyalinus, and 77.7 and 190.3 DD for N. simulans, respectively. Reproduction and adult longevity were studied at 22, 26, 30, and 34°C. For both species preoviposition time decreased as temperature increased, and the oviposition period was longest at 26°C. The highest fecundity and egg viability were observed at 30°C, whereas longevities were higher at 22-26°C than at 30-34°C. As the lowest tested temperatures were not suitable to both heteropterans and 30°C was found to be the optimal temperature for development and reproduction, peak densities are expected in warm areas and seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eduardo de la Peña
- Department of Plants & Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council 5CSIC, Estación Experimental “La Mayora”, Malaga, Spain
| | - Patrick De Clercq
- Department of Plants & Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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