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Kimera F, Mugwanya M, Madkour K, Dawood MAO, Sewilam H. Maximization of brackish water productivity for the sustainable production of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) and grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) cultivated under an integrated aquaculture-agriculture system. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:31878-31895. [PMID: 38639907 PMCID: PMC11133108 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33216-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Freshwater scarcity, salinity, and poor soil fertility are the major challenges affecting both food and feed productions in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Utilization of brackish water in the production of saline-tolerant fish and valuable field crops under an integrated system is promising in the maximization of yield per crop. The aim of this study, therefore, was to (1) assess the effect of saline aquaculture wastewater on the growth, yield, forage quality, and nutritive composition of sorghum seeds and (2) assess the effect of different water qualities on the survival, growth performance, and health status of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. The experiment was conducted in a randomized completely block design of four salinity treatments with three replicates, i.e., control (freshwater mixed with inorganic fertilizers), 5000 ppm, 10,000 ppm, and 15,000 ppm. Our results indicated that although the control exhibited the highest growth (plant height, leaf number, internode number, leaf area, and soil-plant analysis development), grain, and forage yield, no significant differences were noted among the treatments. Likewise, no significant difference in the grain nutrient composition was noted among all the treatments. Assessment of the forage quality revealed improved crude protein content in the control compared to the saline treatments. However, no significant differences in the leaves and stalks fiber fractions were noted among all the treatments. Furthermore, rumen fermentation in terms of in vitro digestibility indicated no significant differences in the in vitro digestible dry matter, digestible organic matter, metabolic energy, net energy, microbial protein, short-chain fatty acids, and total dissolved nutrients among the treatments. However, rearing P. hypophthalmus in water salinities exceeding 10,000 ppm reduced the growth performance and health status of fish. Therefore, the integration of sorghum and P. hypophthalmus production in water salinities not exceeding 5000 ppm is a viable alternative to maximize brackish water productivity in freshwater-scarce regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Kimera
- Center for Applied Research On the Environment and Sustainability (CARES), School of Science and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, AUC Avenue, P.O. Box 74, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Muziri Mugwanya
- Center for Applied Research On the Environment and Sustainability (CARES), School of Science and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, AUC Avenue, P.O. Box 74, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Khaled Madkour
- Center for Applied Research On the Environment and Sustainability (CARES), School of Science and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, AUC Avenue, P.O. Box 74, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Center for Applied Research On the Environment and Sustainability (CARES), School of Science and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, AUC Avenue, P.O. Box 74, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Hani Sewilam
- Center for Applied Research On the Environment and Sustainability (CARES), School of Science and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, AUC Avenue, P.O. Box 74, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt.
- Department of Engineering Hydrology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, 52062, Germany.
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Bouras H, Devkota KP, Mamassi A, Loudari A, Choukr-Allah R, El-Jarroudi M. Unveiling the Synergistic Effects of Phosphorus Fertilization and Organic Amendments on Red Pepper Growth, Productivity and Physio-Biochemical Response under Saline Water Irrigation and Climate-Arid Stresses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1209. [PMID: 38732423 PMCID: PMC11085114 DOI: 10.3390/plants13091209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
In regions facing water scarcity and soil salinity, mitigating these abiotic stresses is paramount for sustaining crop production. This study aimed to unravel the synergistic effects of organic matter and phosphorus management in reducing the adverse effect of saline water for irrigation on red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) production, fruit quality, plant physiology, and stress tolerance indicators. The study was carried out in the arid Tadla region of Morocco and involved two key experiments: (i) a field experiment during the 2019 growing season, where red pepper plants were subjected to varying phosphorus fertilizer rates (120, 140, and 170 kg of P2O5.ha-1) and saline water irrigation levels (0.7; 1.5; 3; and 5 dS.m-1); and (ii) a controlled pot experiment in 2021 for examining the interaction of saline water irrigation levels (EC values of 0.7, 2, 5, and 9 dS.m-1), phosphorus rates (30, 36, and 42 kg of P2O5.ha-1), and the amount of organic matter (4, 8, 12, and 16 t.ha-1). The field study highlighted that saline irrigation significantly affected red pepper yields and fruit size, although phosphorus fertilization helped enhance productivity. Additionally, biochemical markers of stress tolerance, such as proline and glycine betaine, along with stomatal conductance, were impacted by increasing salinity levels. The pot experiment showed that combining organic amendments and phosphorus improved soil properties and stimulated red pepper growth and root weight across all salinity levels. The integration of phosphorus fertilization and organic amendments proved instrumental for counteracting salinity-induced constraints on red pepper growth and yield. Nonetheless, caution is necessary as high salinity can still negatively impact red pepper productivity, necessitating the establishment of an irrigation water salinity threshold, set at 5 dS.m-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Bouras
- Department of Crop Production, Protection and Biotechnology, Hassan II Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Rabat 10101, Morocco;
| | - Krishna Prasad Devkota
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat 10100, Morocco;
| | - Achraf Mamassi
- SPHERES Research Unit, Department of Environmental Sciences and Management, University of Liège, B-6700 Arlon, Belgium;
- Unité de Recherche en Science Action Développement—Activités Produits Territoires (UMR-SADAPT), INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 91120 Paris, France
| | - Aicha Loudari
- Plant Stress Physiology Laboratory-AgroBioSciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco; (A.L.); (R.C.-A.)
| | - Redouane Choukr-Allah
- Plant Stress Physiology Laboratory-AgroBioSciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco; (A.L.); (R.C.-A.)
| | - Moussa El-Jarroudi
- SPHERES Research Unit, Department of Environmental Sciences and Management, University of Liège, B-6700 Arlon, Belgium;
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Taaime N, El Mejahed K, Choukr-Allah R, Bouabid R, Oukarroum A, El Gharous M. Optimization of macronutrients for improved grain yield of quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa Wild.) crop under semi-arid conditions of Morocco. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1146658. [PMID: 37441174 PMCID: PMC10333577 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1146658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
In the context of climate change, quinoa represents a potential alternative crop for increasing crops diversity, agricultural productivity, and farmer's income in semi-arid regions. However, appropriate crop management practices under limited water supply are still poorly documented. Quinoa, like other cultivated crops, needs optimum quantities of nutrients, especially nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), for better growth and high grain yield. To determine the adequate levels of nutrient requirements and their effect on quinoa growth and productivity, a field experiment was conducted during two growing seasons (2020-2021 and 2021-2022). The experiment was conducted in Ben Guerir region, north-central Morocco, and consisted of a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatments studied consist of a combination of four N rates (0, 40, 80, and 120 kg ha-1), three P rates (0, 30, and 60 kg P2O5 ha-1), and three K rates (0, 60, and 120 kg K2O ha-1). The physiological, nutritional, and production parameters of quinoa were collected and analyzed. The results showed that the highest total biomass (3.9 t ha-1) and grain yield (0.8 t ha-1) under semi-arid conditions were obtained with 40 kg N ha-1, 60 kg P2O5 ha-1, and 120 kg K2O ha-1. The application of 40-60-120 kg ha-1 of N-P2O5-K2O increased plant height by 44%, chlorophyll content index by 96%, total biomass by 134%, grain yield by 112%, and seed weight by 118%. Among the three macronutrients, N was the most limiting factor, followed by K and P. Nutrients uptake data showed that quinoa needs 60 kg N, 26 kg P2O5, and 205 kg K2O to produce 1 t of grain yield. Our field results provide future recommendations for improving the agronomic and environmental sustainability of quinoa cultivation in dryland areas in Morocco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawal Taaime
- Agricultural Innovation and Technology Transfer Center, Agrobiosciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Khalil El Mejahed
- Agricultural Innovation and Technology Transfer Center, Agrobiosciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Redouane Choukr-Allah
- Agricultural Innovation and Technology Transfer Center, Agrobiosciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Rachid Bouabid
- Department of Agronomy, National School of Agriculture, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Abdallah Oukarroum
- Plant Stress Physiology Laboratory, Agrobiosciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Mohamed El Gharous
- Agricultural Innovation and Technology Transfer Center, Agrobiosciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
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Bouras H, Choukr-Allah R, Amouaouch Y, Bouaziz A, Devkota KP, El Mouttaqi A, Bouazzama B, Hirich A. How Does Quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) Respond to Phosphorus Fertilization and Irrigation Water Salinity? PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11020216. [PMID: 35050104 PMCID: PMC8779345 DOI: 10.3390/plants11020216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is a major problem in arid and semi-arid regions, causing land degradation, desertification, and subsequently, food insecurity. Salt-affected soils and phosphorus (P) deficiency are the common problems in the sub-Sahara, including the Southern region of Morocco. Soil salinity limits plant growth by limiting water availability, causing a nutritional imbalance, and imparting osmotic stress in the plants. The objective of this study was to determine the positive effects of P on growth and productivity and understand the major leaf mineral nutrient content of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) cv. "ICBA Q5" irrigated with saline water. A field experiment applying three salinity (Electrical Conductivity, EC) levels of irrigation water (ECw = 5, 12, and 17 dS·m-1) and three P fertilizer rates (0, 60, and 70 kg of P2O5 ha-1) were evaluated in a split-plot design with three replications. The experiment was conducted in Foum El Oued, South of Morocco on sandy loam soil during the period of March-July 2020. The results showed that irrigation with saline water significantly reduced the final dry biomass, seed yield, harvest index, and crop water productivity of quinoa; however, P application under saline conditions minimized the effect of salinity and improved the yield. The application of 60 and 70 kg of P2O5 ha-1 increased (p < 0.05) the seed yield by 29 and 51% at low salinity (5 dS·m-1), by 16 and 2% at medium salinity (12 dS·m-1), and by 13 and 8% at high salinity (17 dS·m-1), respectively. The leaf Na+ and K+ content and Na+/K+ ratio increased with irrigation water salinity. However, the leaf content of Mg, Ca, Zn, and Fe decreased under high salinity. It was also found that increasing P fertilization improved the essential nutrient content and nutrient uptake. Our finding suggests that P application minimizes the adverse effects of high soil salinity and can be adopted as a coping strategy under saline conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Bouras
- Department of Crop Production, Protection and Biotechnology, Hassan II Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Rabat 10101, Morocco; (H.B.); (R.C.-A.); (Y.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Redouane Choukr-Allah
- Department of Crop Production, Protection and Biotechnology, Hassan II Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Rabat 10101, Morocco; (H.B.); (R.C.-A.); (Y.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Younes Amouaouch
- Department of Crop Production, Protection and Biotechnology, Hassan II Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Rabat 10101, Morocco; (H.B.); (R.C.-A.); (Y.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Ahmed Bouaziz
- Department of Crop Production, Protection and Biotechnology, Hassan II Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Rabat 10101, Morocco; (H.B.); (R.C.-A.); (Y.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Krishna Prasad Devkota
- Biosaline Agriculture Research Program, African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune 70000, Morocco; (K.P.D.); (A.E.M.)
| | - Ayoub El Mouttaqi
- Biosaline Agriculture Research Program, African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune 70000, Morocco; (K.P.D.); (A.E.M.)
| | - Bassou Bouazzama
- Agricultural Research Regional Center of Tadla, National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Beni Mellal 23020, Morocco;
| | - Abdelaziz Hirich
- Biosaline Agriculture Research Program, African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune 70000, Morocco; (K.P.D.); (A.E.M.)
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