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Mikulka J, Sen MK, Košnarová P, Hamouz P, Hamouzová K, Sur VP, Šuk J, Bhattacharya S, Soukup J. Molecular Mechanisms of Resistance against PSII-Inhibiting Herbicides in Amaranthus retroflexus from the Czech Republic. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:904. [PMID: 39062683 PMCID: PMC11275581 DOI: 10.3390/genes15070904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Amaranthus retroflexus L. (redroot pigweed) is one of the most problematic weeds in maize, sugar beet, vegetables, and soybean crop fields in Europe. Two pigweed amaranth biotypes (R1 and R2) from the Czech Republic resistant to photosystem II (PSII)-inhibiting herbicides were analyzed in this study. This study aimed to identify the genetic mechanisms that underlie the resistance observed in the biotypes. Additionally, we also intended to establish the use of chlorophyll fluorescence measurement as a rapid and reliable method for confirming herbicide resistance in this weed species. Both biotypes analyzed showed high resistance factors in a dose-response study and were thus confirmed to be resistant to PSII-inhibiting herbicides. A sequence analysis of the D1 protein revealed a well-known Ser-Gly substitution at amino acid position 264 in both biotypes. Molecular docking studies, along with the wild-type and mutant D1 protein's secondary structure analyses, revealed that the S264G mutation did not reduce herbicide affinity but instead indirectly affected the interaction between the target protein and the herbicides. The current study identified the S264G mutation as being responsible for conferring herbicide resistance in the pigweed amaranth biotypes. These findings can provide a strong basis for future studies that might use protein structure and mutation-based approaches to gain further insights into the detailed mechanisms of resistance in this weed species. In many individuals from both biotypes, resistance at a very early stage (BBCH10) of plants was demonstrated several hours after the application of the active ingredients by the chlorophyll fluorescence method. The effective PS II quantum yield parameter can be used as a rapid diagnostic tool for distinguishing between sensitive and resistant plants on an individual level. This method can be useful for identifying herbicide-resistant weed biotypes in the field, which can help farmers and weed management practitioners develop more effective weed control tactics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Mikulka
- Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 1176, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.M.); (M.K.S.); (P.K.); (P.H.); (K.H.); (J.Š.); (S.B.)
| | - Madhab Kumar Sen
- Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 1176, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.M.); (M.K.S.); (P.K.); (P.H.); (K.H.); (J.Š.); (S.B.)
| | - Pavlína Košnarová
- Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 1176, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.M.); (M.K.S.); (P.K.); (P.H.); (K.H.); (J.Š.); (S.B.)
| | - Pavel Hamouz
- Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 1176, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.M.); (M.K.S.); (P.K.); (P.H.); (K.H.); (J.Š.); (S.B.)
| | - Kateřina Hamouzová
- Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 1176, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.M.); (M.K.S.); (P.K.); (P.H.); (K.H.); (J.Š.); (S.B.)
| | - Vishma Pratap Sur
- Institute of Microbiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Novohradská 237-Opatovický Mlýn, 379 01 Třebon, Czech Republic;
| | - Jaromír Šuk
- Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 1176, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.M.); (M.K.S.); (P.K.); (P.H.); (K.H.); (J.Š.); (S.B.)
| | - Soham Bhattacharya
- Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 1176, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.M.); (M.K.S.); (P.K.); (P.H.); (K.H.); (J.Š.); (S.B.)
| | - Josef Soukup
- Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 1176, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.M.); (M.K.S.); (P.K.); (P.H.); (K.H.); (J.Š.); (S.B.)
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Nath A, Sharma A, Singh SK, Sundaram S. Assessing the Impact of Hexavalent Chromium (Cr VI) at Varied Concentrations on Spirulina platensis for Growth, Metal Sorption, and Photosynthetic Responses. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:231. [PMID: 38896297 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03743-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Spirulina platensis, a photosynthetic cyanobacterium, has garnered attention for its potential role in environmental remediation due to its ability to absorb and metabolize toxic heavy metals. Understanding its response toward toxicity of one of the most common contaminants, Cr(VI) is crucial for assessing its efficacy in bioremediation efforts. This study aims to investigate the physiological and biochemical responses of Spirulina platensis to varying concentrations of Cr(VI) from 0.5 to 5 ppm, shedding light on its potential as a bioindicator for environmental contamination and its suitability for bioremediation purposes. The impact of Cr(VI) on cell density, biosorption, pigment levels, nutrient content, fluorescence response, and photosynthetic efficiency was examined. The study revealed a gradual reduction in cell density, biomass production, and biosorption efficiency with increasing Cr(VI) concentrations. Pigment levels, carbohydrate, protein, and lipid content showed significant decreases, indicating physiological stress. Fluorescence response and photosynthetic efficiency were also adversely affected, suggesting alterations in electron transfer dynamics. A threshold for chromium toxicity was observed at 0.5 ppm, beyond which significant physiological disturbances occurred. This investigation highlights the sensitivity of Spirulina platensis to Cr(VI) toxicity and its potential as a bioindicator for heavy metal contamination. Metal sorption was highest in 0.5 ppm Cr(VI) with 56.56% removal. Notably, at lower concentrations, Cr(VI) acted as an intermediate electron acceptor, enhancing the electron transport chain and potentially increasing biomass under controlled conditions. The findings underscore the importance of understanding the mechanisms underlying heavy metal stress in microalgae for effective environmental remediation strategies. The research highlights the dual role of chromium(VI) in influencing S. platensis, depending on the concentration, and underscores the importance of understanding metal ion interactions with photosynthetic organisms for potential applications in bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Nath
- Department of Botany, Nehru Gram Bharati Deemed to University, Prayagraj, 221505, India.
| | - Abhijeet Sharma
- Centre of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, India
| | | | - Shanthy Sundaram
- Centre of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, India
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de Pádua GMS, Pitteri TS, Ferreira Basso MA, de Vasconcelos LG, Ali A, Dall'Oglio EL, Sampaio OM, Curcino Vieira LC. Synthesis and Evaluation of New Phytotoxic Fluorinated Chalcones as Photosystem II and Seedling Growth Inhibitors. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301564. [PMID: 38373281 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The development of novel phytotoxic compounds has been an important aim of weed control research. In this study, we synthesized fluorinated chalcone derivatives featuring both electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups. These compounds were evaluated both as inhibitors of the photosystem II (PSII) electron chain as well as inhibitors of the germination and seedling growth of Amaranthus plants. Chlorophyll a (Chl a) fluorescence assay was employed to evaluate their effects on PSII, while germination experiments were conducted to assess their impact on germination and seedling development. The results revealed promising herbicidal activity for (E)-3-(4-bromophenyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (7 a) and (E)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one (7 e). Compounds 7 a and 7 e exhibited a reduction in Chl a parameters associated with performance indexes and electron transport per reaction center. This reduction suggests a decrease in PSII activity, attributed to the blockage of electron flow at the quinone pool. Molecular docking analyses of chalcone derivatives with the D1 protein of PSII revealed a stable binding conformation, wherein the carbonyl and fluorine groups interacted with Phe265 and His215 residues, respectively. Additionally, at a concentration of 100 μM, compound 7 e demonstrated pre- and post-emergent herbicidal activity, resulting in a reduction of the seed germination index, radicle and hypocotyl lengths of Amaranthus weeds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Taciane Santos Pitteri
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá-MT, 78060-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Akbar Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | | | - Olívia Moreira Sampaio
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá-MT, 78060-900, Brazil
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Quan L, Chen K, Chen T, Li H, Li W, Cheng T, Xia F, Lou Z, Geng T, Sun D, Jiang W. Monitoring weed mechanical and chemical damage stress based on chlorophyll fluorescence imaging. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1188981. [PMID: 37255557 PMCID: PMC10225704 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1188981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Currently, mechanical and chemical damage is the main way to carry out weed control. The use of chlorophyll fluorescence (CF) technology to nondestructively monitor the stress physiological state of weeds is significant to reveal the damage mechanism of mechanical and chemical stresses as well as complex stresses. Under simulated real field environmental conditions, different species and leaf age weeds (Digitaria sanguinalis 2-5 leaf age, and Erigeron canadensis 5-10 leaf age) were subjected to experimental treatments for 1-7 days, and fluorescence parameters were measured every 24 h using a chlorophyll fluorometer. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in CF parameters of different species of weeds (Digitaria sanguinalis, Erigeron canadensis) at their different stress sites under chemical, mechanical and their combined stresses. The results showed that when weeds (Digitaria sanguinalis and Erigeron canadensis) were chemically stressed in different parts, their leaf back parts were the most severely stressed after 7 days, with photosynthetic inhibition reaching R=75%. In contrast, mechanical stress differs from its changes, and after a period of its stress, each parameter recovers somewhat after 1 to 2 days of stress, with heavy mechanical stress R=11%. Complex stress had the most significant effect on CF parameters, mainly in the timing and efficiency of changes in Fv/Fm, Fq'/Fm', ETR, Rfd, NPQ and Y(NO), with R reaching 71%-73% after only 3-4 days of complex stress, and its changes in complex stress were basically consistent with the pattern of changes in its chemical stress. The results of the study will help to understand the effects of mechanical and chemical stresses and combined stresses on CF parameters of weeds and serve as a guide for efficient weed control operations and conducting weed control in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longzhe Quan
- College of Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Keyong Chen
- College of Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tianbao Chen
- College of Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hailong Li
- College of Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wenchang Li
- College of Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tianyu Cheng
- College of Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fulin Xia
- College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhaoxia Lou
- College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Tianyu Geng
- College of Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Deng Sun
- College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Zhou Z, Li J, Li C, Guo Q, Hou X, Zhao C, Wang Y, Chen C, Wang Q. Effects of Graphene Oxide on the Growth and Photosynthesis of the Emergent Plant Iris pseudacorus. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091738. [PMID: 37176796 PMCID: PMC10180715 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The extensive applications of graphene oxide (GO) inevitably lead to entry into the natural aquatic environment. However, information on its toxicity to emergent plants is still lacking. In this study, an emergent plant, Iris pseudacorus, was exposed to GO (1, 20, 80, and 140 mg·L-1) under hydroponic conditions for 15 weeks. Changes in plant growth were assessed by analyzing plant biomass and photosynthetic pigment contents; the photosynthesis response was verified by measuring chlorophyll a fluorescence; and the nutrient levels of the plant were evaluated. Results showed that GO at 20-140 mg·L-1 significantly increased plant dry weight by 37-84% and photosynthetic pigment contents by 26-178%, and 80 mg·L-1 was the optimal concentration. PSII activity, adjustment capacities of electron transport in PSII, the grouping or energetic connectivity between PSII units, light energy conversion efficiency, photosynthesis performance indexes (by 11-51%), and contents of several nutrient elements (N, Fe, and Cu) were increased by 49-69%, 34-84%, and 11-38%, respectively. These findings indicate that GO can enhance plant growth by promoting plant photosynthesis performance and improving plant nutrient levels, and has great application potential in promoting the growth and development of this emergent plant as a phytoremediation agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Cui Li
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Xincun Hou
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Chunqiao Zhao
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chuansheng Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Qinghai Wang
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
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Szwajczak E, Sierka E, Ludynia M. Potential Role of Low-Molecular-Weight Dioxolanes as Adjuvants for Glyphosate-Based Herbicides Using Photosystem II as an Early Post-Treatment Determinant. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050777. [PMID: 36899913 PMCID: PMC10000999 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pesticide use cannot be completely abandoned in modern agriculture. Among agrochemicals, glyphosate is one of the most popular and, at the same time, most divisive herbicide. Since the chemicalization of agriculture is detrimental, various attempts are being made to reduce it. Adjuvants-substances that increase the efficiency of foliar application-can be used to reduce the amount of herbicides used. We propose low-molecular-weight dioxolanes as adjuvants for herbicides. These compounds quickly convert to carbon dioxide and water and do not harm plants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of RoundUp® 360 Plus supported by three potential adjuvants: 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane (DMD), 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-dioxolane (TMD), and (2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxan-4-yl)methanol (DDM), on a common weed species Chenopodium album L., under greenhouse conditions. Chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters and analysis of the polyphasic fluorescence (OJIP) curve, which examines changes in the photochemical efficiency of photosystem II, were used to measure plant sensitivity to glyphosate stress and verified the efficacy achieved by tested formulations. The effective dose (ED) values obtained showed that the weed tested was sensitive to reduced doses of glyphosate, with 720 mg/L needed to achieve 100% effectiveness. Compared to the glyphosate assisted with DMD, TMD, and DDM, ED was reduced by 40%, 50%, and 40%, respectively. The application of all dioxolanes at a concentration equal to 1 vol.% significantly enhanced the herbicide's effect. Our study showed that for C. album there was a correlation between the change in OJIP curve kinetics and the applied dose of glyphosate. By analyzing the discrepancies in the curves, it is possible to show the effect of different herbicide formulations with or without dioxolanes at an early stage of its action, thus minimizing the time for testing new substances as adjuvants.
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Hassannejad S, Fadaei B, Abbasvand E, Ghafarbi SP, Nasirpour Z. Early response of Solanum nigrum L. to Lumax and castor oil combination in relation to antioxidant activity, osmolyte concentration and chlorophyll a fluorescence. Sci Rep 2023; 13:409. [PMID: 36624299 PMCID: PMC9829861 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27428-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Solanum nigrum L. (Black nightshade), is one of the most troublesome weeds of summer crops such as corn, soybean, sunflower, etc. To study the effect of combined Castor oil as an adjuvant with different doses of Lumax (Mesotrion + S-metolacholor + Terbuthylazine) on the physiological behavior of Solanum nigrum L., a greenhouse experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with four replications in agricultural faculty of the University of Tabriz in 2021. A foliar application of Lumax increased proline, malondialdehyde, and hydrogen peroxide concentrations and superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase activity. The content of protein and photosynthetic pigments (Chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoids) also decreased significantly by using Lumax herbicide. Applying castor oil in combination with Lumax intensifies oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. Results showed that by increasing the herbicide doses in comparison with control (non-herbicide), Area, Fm, Fv, Fv/Fm, Fv/F0, Sm, Sm/Tfm, and Fv/F0 decreased 48.32%, 19.52%, 27.95%, 10.47%, 50.90%, 28.34%, 79.38%, and 50.90%, respectively and F0, F0/Fm increased 46.76% and 82.38%, respectively. Castor oil showed a synergistic effect on Lumax herbicide and enhanced its efficacy on Solanum nigrum. The presented results supported the view that by evaluating chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters, we would realize herbicide (alone or mixed with any adjacent) efficacy before the visual symptoms appear in the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Behrouz Fadaei
- Department of Plant Eco-Physiology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elham Abbasvand
- Department of Plant Eco-Physiology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Soheila Porheidar Ghafarbi
- Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Dryland Agricultural Research Institute, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Zahra Nasirpour
- Department of Plant Eco-Physiology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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Cordon G, Lopez Valiño I, Prieto A, Costa C, Marchi MC, Diz V. Effects of the nanoherbicide made up of atrazine-chitosan on the primary events of photosynthesis. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2022.100144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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Tao M, He Y, Bai X, Chen X, Wei Y, Peng C, Feng X. Combination of spectral index and transfer learning strategy for glyphosate-resistant cultivar identification. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:973745. [PMID: 36003818 PMCID: PMC9393615 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.973745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is one of the most widely used non-selective herbicides, and the creation of glyphosate-resistant cultivars solves the problem of limited spraying area. Therefore, it is of great significance to quickly identify resistant cultivars without destruction during the development of superior cultivars. This work took maize seedlings as the experimental object, and the spectral indices of leaves were calculated to construct a model with good robustness that could be used in different experiments. Compared with no transfer strategies, transferability of support vector machine learning model was improved by randomly selecting 14% of source domain from target domain to train and applying transfer component analysis algorithm, the accuracy on target domain reached 83% (increased by 71%), recall increased from 10 to 100%, and F1-score increased from 0.17 to 0.86. The overall results showed that both transfer component analysis algorithm and updating source domain could improve the transferability of model among experiments, and these two transfer strategies could complement each other's advantages to achieve the best classification performance. Therefore, this work is beneficial to timely understanding of the physiological status of plants, identifying glyphosate resistant cultivars, and ultimately provides theoretical basis and technical support for new cultivar creation and high-throughput selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Tao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong He
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiulin Bai
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Traceability for Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuzhen Wei
- School of Information Engineering, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Traceability for Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuping Feng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Wang Q, Xie D, Peng L, Chen C, Li C, Que X. Phytotoxicity of atrazine combined with cadmium on photosynthetic apparatus of the emergent plant species Iris pseudacorus. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:34798-34812. [PMID: 35040052 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18107-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The combined pollution, instead of single pollution, has become a widespread contamination phenomenon in aquatic environment. However, little information is now available about the joint effects of the combined pollution, especially co-existed pesticides and heavy metals, on aquatic plants. In the present study, using continuous excitation chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and the OJIP transient, comparisons of herbicide atrazine (ATZ) phytotoxicity on Iris pseudacorus between in the presence and absence of cadmium (Cd) were evaluated over an exposure period of three weeks under laboratory conditions. Results showed that both ATZ and Cd were toxic to I. pseudacorus. The ratio Fv/Fo, specific electron transport energy (ET0/RC), and photochemistry efficiency (PIabs and PItotal) of this emergent plant species at individual ATZ and Cd concentrations were significantly lower than those of the control. ATZ mainly inhibited electron transport beyond QA at PSII acceptor side as indicated by the sharp rise of the J-step level of fluorescence rise kinetics. A pronounced K-step and the loss of I-step due to the damage on the OEC and PSI also occurred when ATZ was at or above 1.0 mg·L-1. In comparison to ATZ alone, ATZ combined with Cd resulted in a lower amplitude rise in J-step with apparent J-I and I-P phases; and significantly lower Fo with higher Fv/Fo, as well as greater ET0/RC with higher values of PIabs and PItotal. However, the adverse influences of ATZ combined with Cd on the above indicators were still significant as compared with the control. Therefore, the coexistence of Cd alleviated the individual phytotoxicities of ATZ, whereas combined pollution of ATZ and Cd still induced the decline in photosynthetic performance of I. pseudacorus, and its potential ecological impacts on the aquatic vegetation cannot be ignored. Our findings offer a better understanding of the joint effects of the pesticide and heavy metal on non-target aquatic plants, and provided valuable insights into the interaction of these pollutants in aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghai Wang
- Beijing Research & Development Center for Grass and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China.
| | - Dongyu Xie
- Beijing Research & Development Center for Grass and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Lei Peng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Chuansheng Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Cui Li
- Beijing Research & Development Center for Grass and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Xiaoe Que
- Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China.
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Potential of Asparagopsis armata as a Biopesticide for Weed Control under an Invasive Seaweed Circular-Economy Framework. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10121321. [PMID: 34943236 PMCID: PMC8698409 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The invasive seaweed Asparagopsis armata has the potential to be used as a biopesticide. The application of its exudate shows severe impacts on energetic and carotenoid metabolism and induces significant oxidative stress in a model weed. This points to the potential use of this macroalga as a resource for a biopesticide cocktail, for sustainable and eco-friendly weed control and as a substitute for the chemical pesticides widely used nowadays. Abstract Marine macroalgae have been increasingly targeted as a source of bioactive compounds to be used in several areas, such as biopesticides. When harvesting invasive species, such as Asparagopsis armata, for this purpose, there is a two-folded opportunity: acquiring these biomolecules from a low-cost resource and controlling its spreading and impacts. The secondary metabolites in this seaweed’s exudate have been shown to significantly impact the physiology of species in the ecosystems where it invades, indicating a possible biocidal potential. Considering this in the present work, an A. armata exudate cocktail was applied in the model weed Thellungiella halophila to evaluate its physiological impact and mode of action, addressing its potential use as a natural biocide. A. armata greatly affected the test plants’ physiology, namely, their photochemical energy transduction pathway (impairing light-harvesting and chemical energy production throughout the chloroplast electron transport chain), carotenoid metabolism and oxidative stress. These mechanisms of action are similar to the ones triggered when using the common chemical pesticides, highlighting the potential of the A. armata exudate cocktail as an eco-friendly biopesticide.
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Wlodkowic D, Karpiński TM. Live-Cell Systems in Real-Time Biomonitoring of Water Pollution: Practical Considerations and Future Perspectives. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21217028. [PMID: 34770335 PMCID: PMC8588540 DOI: 10.3390/s21217028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Continuous monitoring and early warning of potential water contamination with toxic chemicals is of paramount importance for human health and sustainable food production. During the last few decades there have been noteworthy advances in technologies for the automated sensing of physicochemical parameters of water. These do not translate well into online monitoring of chemical pollutants since most of them are either incapable of real-time detection or unable to detect impacts on biological organisms. As a result, biological early warning systems have been proposed to supplement conventional water quality test strategies. Such systems can continuously evaluate physiological parameters of suitable aquatic species and alert the user to the presence of toxicants. In this regard, single cellular organisms, such as bacteria, cyanobacteria, micro-algae and vertebrate cell lines, offer promising avenues for development of water biosensors. Historically, only a handful of systems utilising single-cell organisms have been deployed as established online water biomonitoring tools. Recent advances in recombinant microorganisms, cell immobilisation techniques, live-cell microarrays and microfluidic Lab-on-a-Chip technologies open new avenues to develop miniaturised systems capable of detecting a broad range of water contaminants. In experimental settings, they have been shown as sensitive and rapid biosensors with capabilities to detect traces of contaminants. In this work, we critically review the recent advances and practical prospects of biological early warning systems based on live-cell biosensors. We demonstrate historical deployment successes, technological innovations, as well as current challenges for the broader deployment of live-cell biosensors in the monitoring of water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald Wlodkowic
- The Neurotox Laboratory, School of Science, RMIT University, Plenty Road, P.O. Box 71, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-3-9925-7157; Fax: +61-3-9925-7110
| | - Tomasz M. Karpiński
- Chair and Department of Medical Microbiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Wieniawskiego 3, 61-712 Poznań, Poland;
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Hu H, Hua W, Shen A, Zhou H, Sheng L, Lou W, Zhang G. Photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll fluorescence of barley exposed to simulated acid rain. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:42776-42786. [PMID: 33822300 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13807-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Acid rain is considered one of the most serious plant abiotic stresses. Photosynthesis is the basis of crop growth and development. The effect of acid rain on barley photosynthesis remains unclear. A glasshouse experiment was conducted, and the photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence, and pigment content of barley were measured in simulated acid rain (SAR) under pH 6.5, 5.5, 4.5, and 3.5. The results showed that net photosynthetic rate, maximal photosynthetic rate, and light saturation point decreased and the light compensation point, and dark respiration rate increased with increasing acidity. The results suggested that photosynthesis in barley plants was inhibited by SAR stress. The Chl content and stomatal conductance declined in parallel with the reduced net photosynthetic rate when barley plants were under SAR stress conditions. This indicated that non-stomatal factors may contribute to reduced photosynthesis under acid rain stress. Acid rain had greater effects on the photosynthesis of the acid rain-sensitive plant Zhepi 33 than on non-sensitive Kunlun 12. A significant difference in parameters such as the maximal fluorescence, variable fluorescence, and active PSII reaction centers was found among the SAR treatments and may be used to evaluate the sensitivity of plants to acid rain stress. The visualization model showed that the photosynthetic reaction centers were inactivated in acid rain stressed barley plants. These findings are valuable for the evaluation of the plant sensitivity to acid rain stress and may be used for the detection and monitoring of acid rain effects on plants in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Hu
- Institute of Digital Agriculture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Information Traceability for Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, 310021, China.
| | - Wei Hua
- Institute of Crops and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Alin Shen
- Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Hongkui Zhou
- Institute of Digital Agriculture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Sheng
- Institute of Digital Agriculture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weidong Lou
- Institute of Digital Agriculture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guangzhi Zhang
- Zhejiang Institute of Hydraulics and Estuary, Hangzhou, 310020, Zhejiang, China
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Battaglino B, Grinzato A, Pagliano C. Binding Properties of Photosynthetic Herbicides with the Q B Site of the D1 Protein in Plant Photosystem II: A Combined Functional and Molecular Docking Study. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10081501. [PMID: 34451546 PMCID: PMC8398153 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) is a multi-subunit enzymatic complex embedded in the thylakoid membranes responsible for the primary photosynthetic reactions vital for plants. Many herbicides used for weed control inhibit PSII by interfering with the photosynthetic electron transport at the level of the D1 protein, through competition with the native plastoquinone for the QB site. Molecular details of the interaction of these herbicides in the D1 QB site remain to be elucidated in plants. Here, we investigated the inhibitory effect on plant PSII of the PSII-inhibiting herbicides diuron, metobromuron, bentazon, terbuthylazine and metribuzin. We combined analysis of OJIP chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics and PSII activity assays performed on thylakoid membranes isolated from pea plants with molecular docking using the high-resolution PSII structure recently solved from the same plant. Both approaches showed for terbuthylazine, metribuzin and diuron the highest affinity for the D1 QB site, with the latter two molecules forming hydrogen bonds with His215. Conversely, they revealed for bentazon the lowest PSII inhibitory effect accompanied by a general lack of specificity for the QB site and for metobromuron an intermediate behavior. These results represent valuable information for future design of more selective herbicides with enhanced QB binding affinities to be effective in reduced amounts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Battaglino
- Applied Science and Technology Department—BioSolar Lab, Politecnico di Torino, Environment Park, Via Livorno 60, 10144 Torino, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Grinzato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58 B, 35121 Padova, Italy;
| | - Cristina Pagliano
- Applied Science and Technology Department—BioSolar Lab, Politecnico di Torino, Environment Park, Via Livorno 60, 10144 Torino, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0110904626
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Legendre R, Basinger NT, van Iersel MW. Low-Cost Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging for Stress Detection. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21062055. [PMID: 33804000 PMCID: PMC7999708 DOI: 10.3390/s21062055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plants naturally contain high levels of the stress-responsive fluorophore chlorophyll. Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging (CFI) is a powerful tool to measure photosynthetic efficiency in plants and provides the ability to detect damage from a range of biotic and abiotic stresses before visible symptoms occur. However, most CFI systems are complex, expensive systems that use pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) fluorometry. Here, we test a simple CFI system, that does not require PAM fluorometry, but instead simply images fluorescence emitted by plants. We used this technique to visualize stress induced by the photosystem II-inhibitory herbicide atrazine. After applying atrazine as a soil drench, CFI and color images were taken at 15-minute intervals, alongside measurements from a PAM fluorometer and a leaf reflectometer. Pixel intensity of the CFI images was negatively correlated with the quantum yield of photosystem II (ΦPSII) (p < 0.0001) and positively correlated with the measured reflectance in the spectral region of chlorophyll fluorescence emissions (p < 0.0001). A fluorescence-based stress index was developed using the reflectometer measurements based on wavelengths with the highest (741.2 nm) and lowest variability (548.9 nm) in response to atrazine damage. This index was correlated with ΦPSII (p < 0.0001). Low-cost CFI imaging can detect herbicide-induced stress (and likely other stressors) before there is visual damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reeve Legendre
- Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
| | - Nicholas T. Basinger
- Department of Crop & Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
| | - Marc W. van Iersel
- Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Hussain MI, Reigosa MJ. Secondary Metabolites, Ferulic Acid and p-Hydroxybenzoic Acid Induced Toxic Effects on Photosynthetic Process in Rumex acetosa L. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020233. [PMID: 33562880 PMCID: PMC7915730 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The elimination of broadleaf weeds from agricultural fields has become an urgent task in plant and environment protection. Allelopathic control is considered a potential approach because of its exclusive and ecological safety measures. Plant secondary metabolites also called allelochemicals are released from plant leaves, roots, stem, bark, flowers and play significant roles in soil rhizosphere signaling, chemical ecology, and plant defense. The present study was carried out to evaluate the impact of two allelochemicals; ferulic acid (FA) and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (pHBA) on photosynthetic characteristics; Fv/Fm: efficiency of photosystem II photochemistry in the dark-adapted state; ΦPSII: photosynthetic quantum yield; NPQ, non-photochemical quenching; qP, photochemical quenching, and photon energy dissipation (1−qP)/NPQ in Rumex acetosa following 6 days exposure. R. acetosa seedlings were grown in perlite culture, irrigated with Hoagland solution and treated with allelopathic compounds FA and pHBA and were evaluated against the photosynthetic attributes. Both compounds behaved as potent inhibitors of photosynthetic traits such as Fv/Fm, ΦPSII, qP, and NPQ in R. acetosa. Photon energy dissipation (1−qP)/NPQ increased significantly from days 3 to 6. Higher dissipation of absorbed energy indicates the inactivation state of reaction centers and their inability to effectively use the absorbed energy in photosynthesis. These results indicated the potential allelopathic application of FA and pHBA for control of broadleaf weed, Rumex acetosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Iftikhar Hussain
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain;
- CITACA, Agri-Food Research and Transfer Cluster, Campus da Auga, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Manuel J. Reigosa
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain;
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