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Pan X, Li X, Wang Z, Ni Y, Wang Q. Nanolignin-Facilitated Robust Hydrogels. ACS NANO 2024; 18:24095-24104. [PMID: 39150717 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c04078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Recently, certain challenges and accompanying drawbacks have emerged in the preparation of high-strength and tough polymer hydrogels. Insights from wood science highlight the role of the intertwined molecular structure of lignin and crystalline cellulose in contributing to wood's strength. Herein, we immersed prestretched poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) polymer hydrogels into a solution of nanosized lignosulfonate sodium (LS), a water-soluble anionic polyelectrolyte, to creatively reconstruct this similar structure at the molecular scale in hydrogels. The nanosized LS effectively fixed and bundled the prestretched PVA polymers while inducing the formation of dense crystalline domains within the polymer matrix. Consequently, the interwoven structure of crystalline PVA and LS conferred good strength to the composite hydrogels, exhibiting a tensile strength of up to ∼23 MPa, a fracture strain of ∼350%, Young's modulus of ∼17 MPa, toughness of ∼47 MJ/m3, and fracture energy of ∼42 kJ/m2. This hydrogel far outperformed previous hydrogels composed directly of lignin and PVA (tensile strength <1.5 MPa). Additionally, the composite hydrogels demonstrated excellent antifreezing properties (<-80 °C). Notably, the LS-assisted reconstruction technology offers opportunities for the secondary fixation of PVA hydrogel shapes and high-strength welding of hydrogel components. This work introduces an approach for the high-value utilization of LS, a green byproduct of pulp production. LS's profound biomimetic strategy will be applied in multifunctional hydrogel fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Pan
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Center for High-Performance Biobased Nylon, School of Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, P.R. China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber Functional Materials, College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Center for High-Performance Biobased Nylon, School of Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, P.R. China
| | - Zhongkai Wang
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Center for High-Performance Biobased Nylon, School of Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, P.R. China
| | - Yonghao Ni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Qinhua Wang
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Center for High-Performance Biobased Nylon, School of Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, P.R. China
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2
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Li M, Zhang Y, Ma H, Peng Q, Min D, Zhang P, Jiang L. Improved antioxidant activity of pretreated lignin nanoparticles: Evaluation and self-assembly. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131472. [PMID: 38599437 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) have gained significant attention for their potential as natural antioxidants. This study investigated the effect of various pretreatment methods on the lignin structure and subsequent antioxidant activity of LNPs. Among four pretreated LNPs, hydrothermal LNPs exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, surpassing unpretreated, acid-pretreated and kraft LNPs, with an impressive efficacy of 91.6%. The relationship between LNPs' structure and antioxidant activity was revealed by 2D heteronuclear singular quantum correlation (1H13C HSQC) and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). 1H13C HSQC suggested the cleavage of β-O-4 ether bonds, as well as a decrease in ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid, which directly influenced the antioxidant activity of LNPs. 31P NMR demonstrated a positive correlation between the total hydroxyl group content and the antioxidant activity. Besides, an isothermal kinetic model for scavenging free radicals was established based on Langmuir kinetic model instead of Freundlich model. Moreover, multilayer LNPs, based on layer-by-layer self-assembly, were prepared and exhibited remarkable antioxidant activity of 95.8%. More importantly, when blended with pure cosmetic cream, the multilayer LNPs maintained antioxidant activity of 86.7%. These finding may promote the practical applications of biomolecules, e.g. lignin additives in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfu Li
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510316, China; Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Green Technology of Sugar Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510316, China
| | - Yingchuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Hongli Ma
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510316, China; College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China
| | - Qida Peng
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510316, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Douyong Min
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Pingjun Zhang
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510316, China; Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Green Technology of Sugar Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510316, China.
| | - Liqun Jiang
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510316, China; Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Green Technology of Sugar Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510316, China.
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3
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Saini P, Gao W, Soliman A, Fatehi P. A new solvent-free pathway for inducing quaternized lignin-derived high molecular weight polymer. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 252:126382. [PMID: 37595716 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
In this work, kraft lignin (KL) was polymerized with vinylbenzyl chloride (VBC) in a molar ratio of 1.8:1 (KL: VBC) using sodium persulfate (Na2S2O8) as an initiator at pH 9-10 and temperature of 80-90 °C for 3 h to produce polymer kraft lignin-g-poly(4-vinylbenzyl chloride) KL-poly(VBC) 1. Then, the grafting reaction was conducted with two different imidazole-based monomers of different side-chain lengths (methyl and n-butyl), namely, 1-methylimidazole (MIM), 1-n-butylimidazole (BIM), which led to the formation of novel polymers, kraft lignin-g-poly(4-vinylbenzyl-1-methylimidazolium chloride) KL-poly(VBC-MIM) 2a and kraft lignin-g-poly(4-vinylbenzyl-1-n-butyl imidazolium chloride) KL-poly(VBC-BIM) 2b. The polymer 2a generated a larger molecular weight polymer with a higher charge density and solubility than polymer 2b since the n-butyl group would cause steric hindrance and weaker monomer to react with intermediate polymer 1 in the second stage. The contact angle analysis confirmed more hydrophilicity of polymer 2a, and elemental analysis confirmed the more successful polymerization of polymer 2a. Applying the generated polymers as flocculants for a kaolin suspension confirmed that polymer 2a had similar performance with commercial cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) flocculants, even though polymer 2a had a smaller molecular weight. This polymerization offers a promising pathway for generating cationic polymers with excellent performance as a flocculant for suspensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preety Saini
- Biorefining Research Institute and Chemical Engineering Department, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 3E1, Canada
| | - Weijue Gao
- Biorefining Research Institute and Chemical Engineering Department, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 3E1, Canada
| | - Ahmed Soliman
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
| | - Pedram Fatehi
- Biorefining Research Institute and Chemical Engineering Department, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 3E1, Canada.
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Lignin-Based Admixtures: A Scientometric Analysis and Qualitative Discussion Applied to Cement-Based Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051254. [PMID: 36904495 PMCID: PMC10006873 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of lignin-based admixtures (LBAs) for cement-based composites is an alternative to valorizing residual lignins generated in biorefineries and pulp and paper mills. Consequently, LBAs have become an emerging research domain in the past decade. This study examined the bibliographic data on LBAs through a scientometric analysis and in-depth qualitative discussion. For this purpose, 161 articles were selected for the scientometric approach. After analyzing the articles' abstracts, 37 papers on developing new LBAs were selected and critically reviewed. Significant publication sources, frequent keywords, influential scholars, and contributing countries in LBAs research were identified during the science mapping. The LBAs developed so far were classified as plasticizers, superplasticizers, set retarders, grinding aids, and air-entraining admixtures. The qualitative discussion revealed that most studies have focused on developing LBAs using Kraft lignins from pulp and paper mills. Thus, residual lignins from biorefineries need more attention since their valorization is a relevant strategy for emerging economies with high biomass availability. Most studies focused on production processes, chemical characterizations, and primary fresh-state analyses of LBA-containing cement-based composites. However, to better assess the feasibility of using different LBAs and encompass the multidisciplinarity of this subject, it is mandatory that future studies also evaluate hardened-sate properties. This holistic review offers a helpful reference point to early-stage researchers, industry professionals, and funding authorities on the research progress in LBAs. It also contributes to understanding the role of lignin in sustainable construction.
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Gharbi F, Benthami K, Alsheddi TH, Barakat MME, Alnaim N, Alshoaibi A, Nouh SA. Structural, Thermal, and Optical Studies of Gamma Irradiated Polyvinyl Alcohol-, Lignosulfonate-, and Palladium Nanocomposite Film. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14132613. [PMID: 35808659 PMCID: PMC9269231 DOI: 10.3390/polym14132613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanocomposite (NC) films of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), lignosulfonate (Lg), and nanosized palladium (Pd) were synthesized by ex-situ casting method. Samples from the synthesized PVA-Lg/Pd NC films were irradiated with 5–100 kGy γ doses. The effect of γ doses on the structural, thermal, and optical characteristics of the NC films were studied using different characterization techniques. The results indicated that the γ irradiation improves the decomposition temperature from 227 to 239 °C, signifying an increase in the thermal stability of the NC films. This was accompanied by a reduction of the melting temperature due to the increase of the amorphous phase. This can be attributed to the dominance of crosslinking. On the other hand, the refractive index increased from 2.21 to 2.32 while increasing the γ dose up to 100 kGy. This was associated with a reduction of the optical bandgap from 3.49 to 3.30 eV, which could be attributed to the increase in the amorphous phase as a result of crosslinking. This indicates an enhancement of the spreading of the NPs inside the blend matrix due to γ irradiation. This results in a more compacted construction of the PVA-Lg/Pd NC films. Furthermore, we used the Commission Internationale de E’Claire (CIE) method to estimate the change in color among the irradiated NC films and the pristine film. The PVA-Lg/Pd NC attained a significant color difference value greater than five, meaning permanent color changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foued Gharbi
- Department of Physics, College of Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (T.H.A.); (N.A.); (A.A.)
- Unité de Radioanalyse, Centre National des Sciences et Technologies Nucléaires, Technopôle de Sidi Thabet, Sidi Thabet 2020, Tunisia
- Correspondence:
| | - Kaoutar Benthami
- Physics Department, Facult’e des Sciences, Universit´e Moulay Ismail, B.P. 11201, Meknes 50050, Morocco;
| | - Tarfa. H. Alsheddi
- Department of Physics, College of Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (T.H.A.); (N.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Mai M. E. Barakat
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science Yanbu, Taibah University, Yanbu 41912, Saudi Arabia;
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Nisrin Alnaim
- Department of Physics, College of Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (T.H.A.); (N.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Adil Alshoaibi
- Department of Physics, College of Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (T.H.A.); (N.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Samir A. Nouh
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Medina 44256, Saudi Arabia;
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11865, Egypt
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6
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Partow AJ, Meng S, Wong AJ, Savin DA, Tong Z. Recyclable & highly porous organo-aerogel adsorbents from biowaste for organic contaminants' removal. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 827:154051. [PMID: 35217054 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Selective aerogel has become an attractive adsorbent for removing oil and organic contaminants due to its low density and excellent adsorption capacity. However, aerogels usually use non-sustainable or expensive nanomaterials and require complicated fabrication processes. Herein, using low-cost lignin reclaimed from the biorefinery waste stream as the starting material, we fabricated a highly porous, mechanically strong, and stable aerogel via a simple and one-step method under mild conditions. This aerogel exhibits a controllable micropore structure and achieves quick and efficient adsorption for oil (435% g/g), as well as toxic solvents such as THF (365% g/g). The selective and stable adsorbent can be reused multiple times and the oil adsorption capacity after 5 cycles remained at 89%. This highly efficient, mechanically strong, stable, and regenerable aerogel is a potential candidate for multiple applications such as cleaning up organic contaminants, oil remediation, and oil/water separation. Meanwhile, it also employs a "waste-treat-waste" concept by adding extra value to the biorefinery process for high-efficiency circular bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna J Partow
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of Florida, 1741 Museum Road, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Shanyu Meng
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of Florida, 1741 Museum Road, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Alexander J Wong
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, 117200, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, USA
| | - Daniel A Savin
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, 117200, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, USA
| | - Zhaohui Tong
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of Florida, 1741 Museum Road, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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7
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Ryłko-Polak I, Komala W, Białowiec A. The Reuse of Biomass and Industrial Waste in Biocomposite Construction Materials for Decreasing Natural Resource Use and Mitigating the Environmental Impact of the Construction Industry: A Review. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15124078. [PMID: 35744137 PMCID: PMC9229365 DOI: 10.3390/ma15124078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The construction industry is the world's largest emitter of greenhouse gases. The CO2 emission levels in the atmosphere are already reaching a tipping point and could cause severe climate change. An important element is the introduction of a technology that allows for the capture and sequencing of carbon dioxide levels, reducing both emissions and the carbon footprint from the production of Portland cement and cement-based building materials. The European Union has started work on the European Climate Law, establishing the European Green Deal program, which introduces the achievement of climate neutrality in the European Union countries. This includes a new policy of sustainable construction, the aim of which is to develop products with a closed life cycle through proper waste management. All efforts are being made to create generated waste and thus to support their production and/or use as substitutes for raw materials to produce biocomposites. This article reviews environmental issues and characterizes selected waste materials from the agri-food, mineral, and industrial sectors with specific properties that can be used as valuable secondary raw materials to produce traditional cements and biocomposite materials, while maintaining or improving their mechanical properties and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Ryłko-Polak
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37a Chełmońskiego Str., 51-630 Wrocław, Poland;
- Selena Labs sp. z o.o., Pieszycka 1, 58-200 Dzierżoniów, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Komala
- Selena Labs sp. z o.o., Pieszycka 1, 58-200 Dzierżoniów, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Białowiec
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37a Chełmońskiego Str., 51-630 Wrocław, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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8
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Yang G, An X, Yang S. The Effect of Ball Milling Time on the Isolation of Lignin in the Cell Wall of Different Biomass. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:807625. [PMID: 34970536 PMCID: PMC8713889 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.807625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ball milling technology is the classical technology to isolate representative lignin in the cell wall of biomass for further investigation. In this work, different ball milling times were carried out on hardwood (poplar sawdust), softwood (larch sawdust), and gramineous material (bamboo residues) to understand the optimum condition to isolate the representative milled wood lignin (MWL) in these different biomass species. Results showed that prolonging ball milling time from 3 to 7 h obviously increased the isolation yields of MWL in bamboo residues (from 39.2% to 53.9%) and poplar sawdust (from 15.5% to 35.6%), while only a slight increase was found for the MWL yield of larch sawdust (from 23.4% to 25.8%). Importantly, the lignin substructure of ß-O-4 in the MWL samples from different biomasses can be a little degraded with the increasing ball milling time, resulting in the prepared MWL with lower molecular weight and higher content of hydroxyl groups. Based on the isolation yield and structure features, milling time with 3 and 7 h were sufficient to isolate the representative lignin (with yield over 30%) in the cell wall of bamboo residues and poplar sawdust, respectively, while more than 7 h should be carried out to isolate the representative lignin in larch sawdust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangrong Yang
- College of Furniture and Industrial Design, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China.,School of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, China
| | - Xueying An
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Shilong Yang
- Advanced Analysis and Testing Center, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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9
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Madadi M, Bakr MM, Abdulkhani A, Zahoor, Asadollahi MA, Sun C, Sun F, Abomohra AEF. Alleviating lignin repolymerization by carbocation scavenger for effective production of fermentable sugars from combined liquid hot water and green-liquor pretreated softwood biomass. ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT 2022; 251:114956. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2021.114956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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10
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Xue S, Luo Z, Zhou Q, Sun H, Du L. Regulation mechanism of three key parameters on catalytic characterization of molybdenum modified bimetallic micro-mesoporous catalysts during catalytic fast pyrolysis of enzymatic hydrolysis lignin. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 337:125396. [PMID: 34139559 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Novel preparation of molybdenum modified bimetallic micro-mesoporous catalyst was proposed innovatively to conduct catalytic fast pyrolysis of enzymatic hydrolysis lignin. The optimal catalytic characterization of the prepared catalyst was attributed to appropriate porous structure, the interaction between zeolite support and metal species, and the synergetic and stable mechanism of bimetallic active sites. With the incorporation of metal species into micro-mesoporous catalyst, the distribution of active sites experienced a regulation, which contributed to MAHs production and cracking of oxygen-containing substances. NiMo/AZM catalyst exhibited the most obvious coke inhibition effect (8.47 wt% of mass yield) and converted more high-ordered graphite carbon to low-ordered one, so as to make it easier to remove and prolong the catalyst lifetime, and obtained the highest mass yield of MAHs (13.15 wt%) as well as the minimum selectivity of bulky oxygenates (3.82%), which was the joint contribution of three key parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 38, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhongyang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 38, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Qingguo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 38, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Haoran Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 38, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Liwen Du
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 38, Hangzhou 310027, China
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11
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Jędrzejczak P, Collins MN, Jesionowski T, Klapiszewski Ł. The role of lignin and lignin-based materials in sustainable construction - A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 187:624-650. [PMID: 34302869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The construction industry in the 21st century faces numerous global challenges associated with growing concerns for the environment. Therefore, this review focuses on the role of lignin and its derivatives in sustainable construction. Lignin's properties are defined in terms of their structure/property relationships and how structural differences arising from lignin extraction methods influence its application within the construction sector. Lignin and lignin composites allow the partial replacement of petroleum products, making the final materials and the entire construction sector more sustainable. The latest technological developments associated with cement composites, rigid polyurethane foams, paints and coatings, phenolic or epoxy resins, and bitumen replacements are discussed in terms of key engineering parameters. The application of life cycle assessment in construction, which is important from the point of view of estimating the environmental impact of various solutions and materials, is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patryk Jędrzejczak
- Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Maurice N Collins
- School of Engineering and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland; Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research Centre (AMBER), University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Teofil Jesionowski
- Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Łukasz Klapiszewski
- Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland.
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12
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Gao W, Alkhalifa Z, Fatehi P. Generation of sulfonated kraft lignin acrylic acid polymer and its use as a flocculant. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2020.1784944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weijue Gao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Green Processes Research Centre, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Canada
| | - Zainab Alkhalifa
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Green Processes Research Centre, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Canada
| | - Pedram Fatehi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Green Processes Research Centre, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Canada
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
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13
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Zhang C, Ma CY, Xu LH, Wu YY, Wen JL. The effects of mild Lewis acids-catalyzed ethanol pretreatment on the structural variations of lignin and cellulose conversion in balsa wood. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:1362-1370. [PMID: 34000315 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol organosolv pretreatment is a green and effective deconstruction process for main components in lignocellulose biomass. Herein, balsa wood was firstly subjected to a modified ethanol/water solution (EWS) pretreatment with different Lewis acids catalysts (AlCl3, CuCl2, FeCl3) at 140-180 °C. The delignification ratios and structural characteristics of the dissociated lignin, enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose in the pretreated substrates as well as the degradation products from hemicellulose during the pretreatment process were comprehensively investigated. Results showed that dissociation and depolymerization of lignin fragments was robust in AlCl3-catalyzed pretreatment than those by CuCl2 and FeCl3-catalyzed pretreatment. In detail, the results showed that the optimal delignification ratio and removal of the hemicelluloses occurred in AlCl3-catalyzed pretreatment. Moreover, the structural characterizations of lignin fractions by 2D-HSQC, 31P NMR and GPC also revealed that the obtained lignin has the advantages of small and homogeneous molecules as well as abundant functional groups. As a result of adequate removal of hemicellulose and lignin, the enzymatic digestibility of cellulose in the pretreated residue was significantly elevated. In short, the above findings are also in line with the concept of maximizing the utilization of bioresources, which will be beneficial for value-added applications of balsa wood in the biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Tsinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Cheng-Ye Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Tsinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ling-Hua Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Tsinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yu-Ying Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Tsinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jia-Long Wen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Tsinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Tsinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China.
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14
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The Role of Inorganic-Organic Bio-Fillers Containing Kraft Lignin in Improvement in Functional Properties of Polyethylene. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14092114. [PMID: 33921994 PMCID: PMC8122499 DOI: 10.3390/ma14092114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, MgO-lignin (MgO-L) dual phase fillers with varying amounts of lignin as well as pristine lignin and magnesium oxide were used as effective bio-fillers to increase the ultraviolet light protection and enhance the barrier performance of low density polyethylene (LDPE) thin sheet films. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to check the crystalline structure of the studied samples, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was applied to determine morphological characteristics. The results of optical spectrometry in the range of UV light indicated that LDPE/MgO-L (1:5 wt/wt) composition exhibited the best protection factor, whereas LDPE did not absorb ultraviolet waves. Moreover, the addition of hybrid filler decreased the oxygen permeability factor and water vapor transmission compared with neat LDPE and its composites with pristine additives, such as lignin and magnesium oxide. The strong influence of the microstructure on thin sheet films was observed in the DSC results, as double melting peaks were detected only for LDPE compounded with inorganic-organic bio-fillers: LDPE/MgO-L.
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15
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Xu R, Du H, Wang H, Zhang M, Wu M, Liu C, Yu G, Zhang X, Si C, Choi SE, Li B. Valorization of Enzymatic Hydrolysis Residues from Corncob into Lignin-Containing Cellulose Nanofibrils and Lignin Nanoparticles. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:677963. [PMID: 33937224 PMCID: PMC8085415 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.677963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As a kind of biomass waste, enzymatic hydrolysis residues (EHRs) are conventionally burned or just discarded, resulting in environmental pollution and low economic benefits. In this study, EHRs of corncob residues (CCR) were used to produce high lignin-containing cellulose nanofibrils (LCNFs) and lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) through a facile approach. The LCNFs and LNPs with controllable chemical compositions and properties were produced by tuning the enzymolysis time of CCR and the followed homogenization. The morphology, thermal stability, chemical and crystalline structure, and dispersibility of the resultant LCNFs and LNPs were further comprehensively investigated. This work not only promotes the production of lignocellulose-based nanomaterials but also provides a promising utilization pathway for EHRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Haishun Du
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Hui Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Meiyan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Guang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Chuanling Si
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Sun-Eun Choi
- Department of Forest Biomaterials Engineering, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
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16
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Gerbin E, Rivière GN, Foulon L, Frapart YM, Cottyn B, Pernes M, Marcuello C, Godon B, Gainvors-Claisse A, Crônier D, Majira A, Österberg M, Kurek B, Baumberger S, Aguié-Béghin V. Tuning the functional properties of lignocellulosic films by controlling the molecular and supramolecular structure of lignin. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 181:136-149. [PMID: 33766597 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the relationships between lignin molecular and supramolecular structures and their functional properties within cellulose-based solid matrix, used as a model biodegradable polymer carrier. Two types of derivatives corresponding to distinct structuration levels were prepared from a single technical lignin sample (PB1000): phenol-enriched oligomer fractions and colloidal nanoparticles (CLP). The raw lignin and its derivatives were formulated with cellulose nanocrystals or nanofibrils to prepare films by chemical oxidation or pressure-assisted filtration. The films were tested for their water and lignin retention capacities, radical scavenging capacity (RSC) and antimicrobial properties. A structural investigation was performed by infrared, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and microscopy. The composite morphology and performance were controlled by both the composition and structuration level of lignin. Phenol-enriched oligomers were the compounds most likely to interact with cellulose, leading to the smoothest film surface. Their RSC in film was 4- to 6-fold higher than that of the other samples. The organization in CLP led to the lowest RSC but showed capacity to trap and stabilize phenoxy radicals. All films were effective against S. aureus (gram negative) whatever the lignin structure. The results show the possibility to tune the performances of these composites by exploiting lignin multi-scale structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gerbin
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, INRAE, FARE, UMR A 614, 51097 Reims, France
| | - G N Rivière
- Aalto University, School of Chemical Engineering, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - L Foulon
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, INRAE, FARE, UMR A 614, 51097 Reims, France
| | - Y M Frapart
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques-UMR CNRS 8601, Université de Paris, France
| | - B Cottyn
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - M Pernes
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, INRAE, FARE, UMR A 614, 51097 Reims, France
| | - C Marcuello
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, INRAE, FARE, UMR A 614, 51097 Reims, France
| | - B Godon
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, INRAE, FARE, UMR A 614, 51097 Reims, France
| | - A Gainvors-Claisse
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, INRAE, FARE, UMR A 614, 51097 Reims, France
| | - D Crônier
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, INRAE, FARE, UMR A 614, 51097 Reims, France
| | - A Majira
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - M Österberg
- Aalto University, School of Chemical Engineering, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - B Kurek
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, INRAE, FARE, UMR A 614, 51097 Reims, France
| | - S Baumberger
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - V Aguié-Béghin
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, INRAE, FARE, UMR A 614, 51097 Reims, France.
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17
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Liu Q, Bai Y, Chen H, Chen M, Sang Y, Wu K, Ma Z, Ma Y, Li Y. Catalytic conversion of enzymatic hydrolysis lignin into cycloalkanes over a gamma-alumina supported nickel molybdenum alloy catalyst. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 323:124634. [PMID: 33422792 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The efficient depolymerization and hydrodeoxygenation of enzymatic hydrolysis lignin are achieved in cyclohexane solvents over a gamma-alumina supported nickel molybdenum alloy catalyst in a single step. Under initial 3 MPa hydrogen at 320 °C, the highest overall cycloalkane yield of 104.4 mg/g enzymatic hydrolysis lignin with 44.4 wt% selectivity of ethyl-cyclohexane was obtained. The reaction atmosphere and temperature have significant effects on enzymatic hydrolysis lignin conversion, product type and distribution. The conversion of enzymatic hydrolysis lignin was also investigated over different nickel and molybdenum-based catalysts, and the gamma-alumina supported nickel molybdenum alloy catalyst exhibited the highest activity among those catalysts. To reveal the reaction pathways of alkylphenol hydrodeoxygenation, 4-ethylphenol was tested as a model compound. Complete conversion of 4-ethylphenol into cycloalkanes was achieved. A two-step mechanism of 4-ethylphenol dihydroxylation - hydrogenation is proposed, in which the benzene ring saturation is deemed as the rate-determining step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering (Tianjin University), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Applied Catalysis Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yunfei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering (Tianjin University), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Applied Catalysis Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hong Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University/Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass/Wastes Utilization, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Mengmeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering (Tianjin University), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Applied Catalysis Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yushuai Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering (Tianjin University), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Applied Catalysis Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Kai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering (Tianjin University), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Applied Catalysis Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zewei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering (Tianjin University), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Applied Catalysis Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yiming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering (Tianjin University), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Applied Catalysis Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yongdan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering (Tianjin University), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Applied Catalysis Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China; Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
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18
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Jančič U, Bračič M, Ojstršek A, Božič M, Mohan T, Gorgieva S. Consolidation of cellulose nanofibrils with lignosulphonate bio-waste into excellent flame retardant and UV blocking membranes. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 251:117126. [PMID: 33142658 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The use of biomass to produce value-adding materials is a core objective of the circular economy, which has attracted great research interest in recent decades. In this context, we present here a simple dispersion-casting process for consolidation of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), lignosulphonate (LS)-rich bio-waste and CaCl2 in composite membranes. The addition of CaCl2 to CNF and LS dispersions reduces the ζ potential, due to an electrostatic screening, which promotes the aggregation of CNF, increases its moisture content and promotes LS deposition on CNFs already in the dispersion phase. Addition of both the LS and CaCl2 to CNF dispersion has an adverse effect on the mechanical properties of the final membranes. The effectiveness of the new composite membranes has been described in terms of their passive (charring) flame retardancy and 100 % UVA/UVB shielding capacity, both identified for membranes with the highest LS content, as well as high electronic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urška Jančič
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Engineering Materials and Design, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Matej Bračič
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Engineering Materials and Design, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Alenka Ojstršek
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Engineering Materials and Design, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia; University of Maribor, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Institute of Automation, Koroška cesta 46, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Mojca Božič
- Dravske elektrarne Maribor d. o. o., Obrežna Ulica 170, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Tamilselvan Mohan
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Engineering Materials and Design, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia; Graz University of Technology, Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Biobased Systems, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Selestina Gorgieva
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Engineering Materials and Design, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia; University of Maribor, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Institute of Automation, Koroška cesta 46, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia.
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19
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Melro E, Filipe A, Sousa D, Medronho B, Romano A. Revisiting lignin: a tour through its structural features, characterization methods and applications. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj06234k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A pedagogical overview of the main extraction procedures and structural features, characterization methods and state-of-the-art applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Melro
- University of Coimbra
- CQC
- Department of Chemistry
- Rua Larga
- 3004-535 Coimbra
| | - Alexandra Filipe
- CIEPQPF
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Coimbra
- Pólo II – R. Silvio Lima
- 3030-790 Coimbra
| | - Dora Sousa
- c5Lab – Edifício Central Park
- Rua Central Park 6
- 2795-242 Linda-a-Velha
- Portugal
| | - Bruno Medronho
- MED – Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture
- Environment and Development
- Universidade do Algarve
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia
- Campus de Gambelas
| | - Anabela Romano
- MED – Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture
- Environment and Development
- Universidade do Algarve
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia
- Campus de Gambelas
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20
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Abstract
Lignin, a component of lignocellulosic biomass, is abundant and is produced extensively as a waste product of the Kraft pulping process, lignin obtained from this process is called Kraft lignin (KL). Lignin’s three-dimensional structure composed of aromatic alcohols (monolignols) makes it a potential source of renewable aromatic chemicals or bio-oil, if depolymerized. Among all the depolymerization methods for KL, solvolysis is the most popular, showing consistently high bio-oil yields. Despite the large number of studies that have been carried out, an economically feasible industrial process has not been found and comparison among the various studies is difficult, as very different studies in terms of reaction media and catalysts report seemingly satisfactory results. In this review, we compare and analyze KL solvolysis studies published, identify trends in bio-oil composition and give a comprehensive explanation about the mechanisms involved in the processes. Additional commentary is offered about the availability and future potential of KL as a renewable feedstock for aromatic chemicals, as well as logistical and technical aspects.
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21
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A Critical Review of the Physicochemical Properties of Lignosulfonates: Chemical Structure and Behavior in Aqueous Solution, at Surfaces and Interfaces. SURFACES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/surfaces3040042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Lignosulfonates are bio-based surfactants and specialty chemicals, which are generated by breaking the near-infinite lignin network during sulfite pulping of wood. Due to their amphiphilic nature, lignosulfonates are used in manifold applications such as plasticizer, dispersant, and stabilizer formulations. Function and performance are determined by their behavior in aqueous solution and at surfaces and interfaces, which is in turn imposed by the chemical make-up. This review hence summarizes the efforts made into delineating the physicochemical properties of lignosulfonates, while also relating to their composition and structure. Lignosulfonates are randomly branched polyelectrolytes with abundant sulfonate and carboxylic acid groups to ensure water-solubility. In aqueous solution, their conformation, colloidal state, and adsorption at surfaces or interfaces can be affected by a range of parameters, such as pH, concentration of other electrolytes, temperature, and the presence of organic solvents. These parameters may also affect the adsorption behavior, which reportedly follows Langmuir isotherm and pseudo second-order kinetics. The relative hydrophobicity, as determined by hydrophobic interaction chromatography, is an indicator that can help to relate composition and behavior of lignosulfonates. More hydrophobic materials have been found to exhibit a lower charge density. This may improve dispersion stabilization, but it can also be disadvantageous if an electrokinetic charge needs to be introduced at solid surfaces or if precipitation due to salting out is an issue. In addition, the monolignol composition, molecular weight distribution, and chemical modification may affect the physicochemical behavior of lignosulfonates. In conclusion, the properties of lignosulfonates can be tailored by controlling aspects such as the production parameters, fractionation, and by subsequent modification. Recent developments have spawned a magnitude of products and technologies, which is also reflected in the wide variety of possible application areas.
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22
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Li M, Tu Q, Long X, Zhang Q, Jiang H, Chen C, Wang S, Min D. Flexible conductive hydrogel fabricated with polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl chitosan, cellulose nanofibrils, and lignin-based carbon applied as strain and pressure sensor. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 166:1526-1534. [PMID: 33181212 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Employing renewable, environmentally friendly, low-cost lignocellulose to design flexible pressure sensitive hydrogel (PSH) as strain and pressure sensors in wearable electronics represents the global perspective to build sustainable and green society. Lignin-based carbon (LC), as the conductive filler, were uniform distributed in the hydrogel system composing by polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC), and cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) to assemble PSH. The analysis revealed that the cross-linking of components through hydrogen bonds formed among hydroxyl group, amino group and carboxyl group exerts the hydrogel with stretching ability and fatigue resistance. The results indicated that the fracture tensile strength and compression stress of the PC/CNF/LC hydrogel were 133 kPa and 37.7 kPa, respectively. Because of the existence of LC, PSH hydrogel exhibits the sensitive deformation-dependent conductivity and can be applied as a flexible strain and pressure sensor monitoring body motions such as elbow flexion, finger bend and palm grip. Therefore, the assembled PSH hydrogel is a prominent candidate applying as the strain and pressure sensor devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfu Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, PR China
| | - Qiyuan Tu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Xing Long
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Qingtong Zhang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Hongrui Jiang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Changzhou Chen
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Shuangfei Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Douyong Min
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China.
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23
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Al-Rudainy B, Galbe M, Wallberg O. From lab-scale to on-site pilot trials for the recovery of hemicellulose by ultrafiltration: Experimental and theoretical evaluations. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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24
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Li S, Luo Z, Wang W, Sun H, Xie J, Liang X. Catalytic fast pyrolysis of enzymatic hydrolysis lignin over Lewis-acid catalyst niobium pentoxide and mechanism study. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 316:123853. [PMID: 32731173 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lewis-acid catalyst Nb2O5 is first applied in catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) of enzymatic hydrolysis lignin (EHL) to produce aromatic hydrocarbons (AHs) that can be used as alternative liquid fuels. The catalyst exhibits a good talent to convert lignin into AHs with quite little polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) formation. The yield of AHs reaches 11.2 wt% and monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs) takes up 94% under the optimized condition (Catalyst to Lignin ratio 9:1, 650 °C). No coke is generated during the reactions. The reaction sequence is proposed and verified by model compound reactions. Furthermore, DFT calculations are performed to understand the mechanisms of limitation of PAHs or char/coke formation and the efficient deoxygenation ability over catalyst. Nb2O5 with Lewis acid sites is proved to be a promising catalyst for the production of AHs from lignin. This work provides a new idea on choice of catalysts for CFP of lignin in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Zhongyang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China.
| | - Wenbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Haoran Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Jiaqi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Xiaorui Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
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25
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Drying Shrinkage of Concrete Containing Calcium Stearate, (Ca(C 18H 35O 2) 2), with Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) as a Binder: Experimental and Modelling Studies. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25214880. [PMID: 33105714 PMCID: PMC7659964 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This work investigates the effect of calcium stearate (Ca(C18H35O2)2) on concrete shrinkage behaviors by using experimental testing. The test specimens are cubes with each dimension given as 100 × 100 × 285 mm for shrinkage tests and cylinders with 150 mm diameter and 300 mm height for compressive strength tests. The calcium stearate with fractions of 0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3% from the weight of cement are used in the tests. The results showed that the shrinkage occurred in amounts of 0.079, 0.062, 0.065, and 0.060 mm for the specimens containing calcium stearate of 0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3%, respectively. Moreover, we also perform shrinkage modelling to explore a possibility to incorporate the calcium stearate fraction into the standard concrete shrinkage model. There are three well-known shrinkage models used here, i.e., the Sakata, the Japan Standard and the Bazant-Baweja models, where only the latter one is capable to capture our experimental results very well for different fractions of calcium stearate.
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26
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Hopa DY, Fatehi P. Using Sulfobutylated and Sulfomethylated Lignin as Dispersant for Kaolin Suspension. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12092046. [PMID: 32911748 PMCID: PMC7570282 DOI: 10.3390/polym12092046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Kraft lignin is an abundant natural resource, but it is underutilized. In this study, sulfoalkylated lignin derivatives with similar charge densities but with different alkyl chain length were produced via sulfobutylation and sulfomethylation reactions. The contact angle studies revealed that sulfobutylated lignin (SBL) with longer alkyl chains had a higher hydrophobicity than sulfomethylated lignin (SML) did. The adsorption behavior of sulfoalkylated lignins was studied using a Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) on Al2O3 coated surface as representative of positively charged sites of kaolin particles. The results of adsorption studies showed that SBL deposited more greatly than SML did on the Al2O3 surface, and it generated a thicker but less viscoelastic adlayer on the surface. The adlayer thickness and configuration of molecules on the surface were also related to the zeta potential and stabilization performance of the polymers in the kaolin suspension system. The results also confirmed that both lignin derivatives were very effective in dispersing kaolin particles at neutral pH, and their effectiveness was hampered under alkaline or acidic pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derya Yesim Hopa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada;
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar 03200, Turkey
| | - Pedram Fatehi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada;
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-807-343-8697; Fax: +1-807-346-7943
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Highly active Mo-V-based bifunctional catalysts for catalytic conversion of lignin dimer model compounds at room temperature. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2020.107910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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28
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Improved Dye Removal Ability of Modified Rice Husk with Effluent from Alkaline Scouring Based on the Circular Economy Concept. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8060653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To improve the ability of the rice husk to purify colored wastewater, effluent from the alkaline scouring of cotton yarn was used immediately after the scouring (without cooling and additionally added chemicals) in order to remove the non-cellulosic silicon-lignin shield from the rice husk’s surface. This rice husk, with 93.8 mg/g adsorption capacity, behaves similarly as the rice husk treated with an optimized alkaline scouring recipe consisting of 20 g/L NaOH, 2 mL/L Cotoblanc HTD-N and 1 mL/L Kemonecer NI at 70 °C for 30 min with an adsorption capacity of 88.9 mg/g of direct Congo red dye. Treating one form of waste (rice husk) with another (effluent from the alkaline scouring of cellulosic plant fibers), in an effort to produce a material able to purify colored effluent, is an elegant environment-friendly concept based on the circular economy strategy. This will result in a closed-loop energy-efficient process of the pre-treatment of cotton (alkaline scouring), modification of rice husk using effluent from the alkaline scouring, dyeing cotton fabrics and cleaning its colored effluents with modified rice husk without adding chemicals and energy for heating.
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29
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Lignin-Based Hybrid Admixtures and their Role in Cement Composite Fabrication. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24193544. [PMID: 31574985 PMCID: PMC6804109 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a technology for obtaining functional inorganic-organic hybrid materials was designed using waste polymers of natural origin, i.e., kraft lignin and magnesium lignosulfonate, and alumina as an inorganic component. Al2O3-lignin and Al2O3-lignosulfonate systems were prepared by a mechanical method using a mortar grinder and a planetary ball mill, which made it possible to obtain products of adequate homogeneity in an efficient manner. This was confirmed by the use of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. In the next step, the developed hybrid materials were used as functional admixtures in cement mixtures, thus contributing to the formation of a modern, sustainable building material. How the original components and hybrid materials affected the mechanical properties of the resulting mortars was investigated. The admixture of biopolymers, especially lignin, led to cement composites characterized by greater plasticity, while alumina improved their strength properties. It was confirmed that the system containing 0.5 wt.% of alumina-lignin material is the most suitable for application as a cement mortar admixture.
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30
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Bian H, Jiao L, Wang R, Wang X, Zhu W, Dai H. Lignin nanoparticles as nano-spacers for tuning the viscoelasticity of cellulose nanofibril reinforced polyvinyl alcohol-borax hydrogel. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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