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Wu B, Zheng X, Xu W, Ren Y, Leng H, Liang L, Zheng D, Chen J, Jiang H. β-Nucleated Polypropylene: Preparation, Nucleating Efficiency, Composite, and Future Prospects. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3107. [PMID: 37514497 PMCID: PMC10383444 DOI: 10.3390/polym15143107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The β-crystals of polypropylene have a metastable crystal form. The formation of β-crystals can improve the toughness and heat resistance of a material. The introduction of a β-nucleating agent, over many other methods, is undoubtedly the most reliable method through which to obtain β-PP. Furthermore, in this study, certain newly developed β-nucleating agents and their compounds in recent years are listed in detail, including the less-mentioned polymer β-nucleating agents and their nucleation characteristics. In addition, the various influencing factors of β-nucleation efficiency, including the polymer matrix and processing conditions, are analyzed in detail and the corresponding improvement measures are summarized. Finally, the composites and synergistic toughening effects are discussed, and three potential future research directions are speculated upon based on previous research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Winner New Materials Technology Co., Ltd., Gaoming District, Foshan 528521, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xian Zheng
- Guangdong Winner New Materials Technology Co., Ltd., Gaoming District, Foshan 528521, China
| | - Wenjie Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yanwei Ren
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Haiqiang Leng
- Guangdong Winner New Materials Technology Co., Ltd., Gaoming District, Foshan 528521, China
| | - Linzhi Liang
- Guangdong Winner New Materials Technology Co., Ltd., Gaoming District, Foshan 528521, China
| | - De Zheng
- Guangdong Winner New Materials Technology Co., Ltd., Gaoming District, Foshan 528521, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Guangdong Winner New Materials Technology Co., Ltd., Gaoming District, Foshan 528521, China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Influence of mold cavity thickness on electrical, morphological and thermal properties of polypropylene/carbon micromoldings. INT POLYM PROC 2023. [DOI: 10.1515/ipp-2022-4288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
In this work, a comparative study on the electrical conductivity (σ) and thermal properties of polypropylene (PP)/carbon microparts with different part thickness (namely, 0.85 and 0.50 mm) is reported. Two different types of carbon filler (i.e., CNT and CB) were adopted to study the efficacy of different carbon fillers in improving the σ of PP/carbon microparts. In general, the σ of 0.85 mm thickness microparts were higher than the 0.50 mm thickness microparts, regardless of the carbon filler type and testing directions. This suggested that higher shearing conditions that prevailed in the microinjection molding (μIM) process were unfavorable for the formation of intact conductive pathways in corresponding moldings, albeit the distribution of carbon fillers turned better with increasing shear rates, as confirmed by morphology observations. The thermal stability of PP/carbon microparts increased with increasing filler concentration. Moreover, the increase of thermal stability was more appreciable for CB-filled microparts which was related to the formation of a CB network structure arising from the use of Ketjenblack® EC-600JD CB that characterized by high surface area (∼1400 m2/g). Differential scanning calorimetry results showed that prior thermomechanical histories (including melt blending and μIM) experienced by the polymer melts had an influence on the thermal behavior of subsequent moldings. Also, there existed a strong shear flow-induced crystallization of polymer chains during μIM because the crystallinity of microparts was higher than that of feed materials.
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Jiang R, Lashkari P, Zhou S, Hrymak AN. Effect of mixing conditions and polymer particle size on the properties of polypropylene/graphite nanoplatelets micromoldings. INT POLYM PROC 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ipp-2022-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this study, properties of polypropylene/graphite nanoplatelets (PP/GNP) composites and corresponding micromoldings were systematically studied in terms of filler loading concentrations and mixing methods. PP of different forms, i.e., PP pellets and powders, were adopted to fabricate PP/GNP composites. Additionally, a comparative study of precoating GNP and PP powders using solvent-based solution blending and ultrasonication-assisted mixing was performed. Results showed that PP/GNP composites prepared using powder form PP resulted in at least one order of magnitude higher electrical conductivity than using pellet form PP and further reduced the percolation threshold from 12.5 to 10 wt%, which was related to the state of filler distribution within corresponding moldings. Morphology observations revealed that microparts prepared with powder-PP/GNP composites exhibited less preferential alignment of GNP particles along the flow direction when compared with those molded using pellet-PP/GNP counterparts, which was helpful in improving the overall electrical conductivity for PP/GNP micromoldings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renze Jiang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering , The University of Western Ontario , London , ON , N6A5B9 , Canada
| | - Piyush Lashkari
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering , The University of Western Ontario , London , ON , N6A5B9 , Canada
| | - Shengtai Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering , Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan , 610065 , PRC
| | - Andrew N. Hrymak
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering , The University of Western Ontario , London , ON , N6A5B9 , Canada
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Han S, Zhang T, Guo Y, Li C, Wu H, Guo S. Brittle-ductile transition behavior of the polypropylene/ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene/olefin block copolymers ternary blends: Dispersion and interface design. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Wang B, Tu Z, Wu C, Hu T, Wang X, Long S, Gong X. Effect of Poly(styrene- ran-methyl acrylate) Inclusion on the Compatibility of Polylactide/Polystyrene- b-Polybutadiene- b-Polystyrene Blends Characterized by Morphological, Thermal, Rheological, and Mechanical Measurements. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11050846. [PMID: 31083318 PMCID: PMC6572652 DOI: 10.3390/polym11050846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A poly(styrene-ran-methyl acrylate) (S-MA) (75/25 mol/mol), synthesized by surfactant-free emulsion copolymerization, was used as a compatibilizer for polystyrene-b-polybutadiene-b-polystyrene (SBS)-toughened polylactide (PLA) blends. Upon compatibilization, the blends exhibited a refined dispersed-phase morphology, a decreased crystallinity with an increase in their amorphous interphase, improved thermal stability possibly from the thicker, stronger interfaces insusceptible to thermal energy, a convergence of the maximum decomposition-rate temperatures, enhanced magnitude of complex viscosity, dynamic storage and loss moduli, a reduced ramification degree in the high-frequency terminal region of the Han plot, and an increased semicircle radius in the Cole–Cole plot due to the prolonged chain segmental relaxation times from increases in the thickness and chain entanglement degree of the interphase. When increasing the S-MA content from 0 to 3.0 wt %, the tensile properties of the blends improved considerably until 1.0 wt %, above which they then increased insignificantly, whereas the impact strength was maximized at an optimum S-MA content of ~1.0 wt %, hypothetically due to balanced effects of the medium-size SBS particles on the stabilization of preexisting crazes and the initiation of new crazes in the PLA matrix. These observations confirm that S-MA, a random copolymer first synthesized in our laboratory, acted as an effective compatibilizer for the PLA/SBS blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bocheng Wang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Light-weight Materials and Processing, and School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - Zheng Tu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Light-weight Materials and Processing, and School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - Chonggang Wu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Light-weight Materials and Processing, and School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - Tao Hu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Light-weight Materials and Processing, and School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - Xiaotao Wang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Light-weight Materials and Processing, and School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - Shijun Long
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Light-weight Materials and Processing, and School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - Xinghou Gong
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Light-weight Materials and Processing, and School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
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