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Murmiliuk A, Iwase H, Kang JJ, Mohanakumar S, Appavou MS, Wood K, Almásy L, Len A, Schwärzer K, Allgaier J, Dulle M, Gensch T, Förster B, Ito K, Nakagawa H, Wiegand S, Förster S, Radulescu A. Polyelectrolyte-protein synergism: pH-responsive polyelectrolyte/insulin complexes as versatile carriers for targeted protein and drug delivery. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 665:801-813. [PMID: 38555748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.03.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The co-assembly of polyelectrolytes (PE) with proteins offers a promising approach for designing complex structures with customizable morphologies, charge distribution, and stability for targeted cargo delivery. However, the complexity of protein structure limits our ability to predict the properties of the formed nanoparticles, and our goal is to identify the key triggers of the morphological transition in protein/PE complexes and evaluate their ability to encapsulate multivalent ionic drugs. A positively charged PE can assemble with a protein at pH above isoelectric point due to the electrostatic attraction and disassemble at pH below isoelectric point due to the repulsion. The additional hydrophilic block of the polymer should stabilize the particles in solution and enable them to encapsulate a negatively charged drug in the presence of PE excess. We demonstrated that diblock copolymers, poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) and poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(N,N,N-trimethylammonioethyl methacrylate), consisting of a polycation block and a neutral hydrophilic block, reversibly co-assemble with insulin in pH range between 5 and 8. Using small-angle neutron and X-ray scattering (SANS, SAXS), we showed that insulin arrangement within formed particles is controlled by intermolecular electrostatic forces between protein molecules, and can be tuned by varying ionic strength. For the first time, we observed by fluorescence that formed protein/PE complexes with excess of positive charges exhibited potential for encapsulating and controlled release of negatively charged bivalent drugs, protoporphyrin-IX and zinc(II) protoporphyrin-IX, enabling the development of nanocarriers for combination therapies with adjustable charge, stability, internal structure, and size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Murmiliuk
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Lichtenbergstraße 1, 85747 Garching, Germany.
| | - Hiroki Iwase
- Neutron Science and Technology Center, Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society (CROSS), Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Jia-Jhen Kang
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Lichtenbergstraße 1, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Shilpa Mohanakumar
- Physics of Complex Fluids, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Marie-Sousai Appavou
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Lichtenbergstraße 1, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Kathleen Wood
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization, New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - László Almásy
- Neutron Spectroscopy Department, HUN-REN Centre for Energy Research, Konkoly-Thege str. 29-33, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Adél Len
- Neutron Spectroscopy Department, HUN-REN Centre for Energy Research, Konkoly-Thege str. 29-33, 1121 Budapest, Hungary; University of Pécs, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, Boszorkány str 2., 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Kuno Schwärzer
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS-1/IBI-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Allgaier
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS-1/IBI-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Martin Dulle
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS-1/IBI-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Thomas Gensch
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, IBI-1 (Molecular and Cellular Physiology), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Beate Förster
- Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons, Physics of Nanoscale Systems (ER-C-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Kanae Ito
- Industrial Application Division, Spring-8, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Materials Sciences Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Simone Wiegand
- IBI-4-Biomacromolecular Systems and Processes, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52428 Jülich, Germany; Chemistry Department - Physical Chemistry, University Cologne, D-50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephan Förster
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS-1/IBI-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Aurel Radulescu
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Lichtenbergstraße 1, 85747 Garching, Germany
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Skandalis A, Selianitis D, Sory DR, Rankin SM, Jones JR, Pispas S. Poly(2‐(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate)‐
b
‐poly(lauryl methacrylate)‐
b
‐poly(oligo ethylene glycol methacrylate) triblock terpolymer micelles as drug delivery carriers for curcumin. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Skandalis
- Department of Materials Imperial College London London UK
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute National Hellenic Research Foundation Athens Greece
| | - Dimitrios Selianitis
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute National Hellenic Research Foundation Athens Greece
| | - David R. Sory
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London London UK
| | - Sara M. Rankin
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London London UK
| | | | - Stergios Pispas
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute National Hellenic Research Foundation Athens Greece
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3
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Poly[(vinyl benzyl trimethylammonium chloride)]-based nanoparticulate copolymer structures encapsulating insulin. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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4
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Vardaxi A, Kafetzi M, Pispas S. Polymeric Nanostructures Containing Proteins and Peptides for Pharmaceutical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:777. [PMID: 35215689 PMCID: PMC8877994 DOI: 10.3390/polym14040777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last three decades, proteins and peptides have attracted great interest as drugs of choice for combating a broad spectrum of diseases, including diabetes mellitus, cancer, and infectious and neurological diseases. However, the delivery of therapeutic proteins to target sites should take into account the obstacles and limitations related to their intrinsic sensitivity to different environmental conditions, fragile tertiary structures, and short half-life. Polymeric nanostructures have emerged as competent vehicles for protein delivery, as they are multifunctional and can be tailored according to their peculiarities. Thus, the enhanced bioavailability and biocompatibility, the adjustable control of physicochemical features, and the colloidal stability of polymer-based nanostructures further enable either the embedding or conjugation of hydrophobic or hydrophilic bioactive molecules, which are some of the features of paramount importance that they possess and which contribute to their selection as vehicles. The present review aims to discuss the prevalent nanostructures composed of block copolymers from the viewpoint of efficient protein hospitality and administration, as well as the up-to-date scientific publications and anticipated applications of polymeric nanovehicles containing proteins and peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stergios Pispas
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece; (A.V.); (M.K.)
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Vlassi E, Papagiannopoulos A, Pispas S. Star Polyelectrolytes with Mixed Arms of PDMAEMA and POEGMA: Self‐assembly and Co‐assembly with Insulin. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202200008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Vlassi
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute National Hellenic Research Foundation 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue Athens 11635 Greece
| | - Aristeidis Papagiannopoulos
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute National Hellenic Research Foundation 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue Athens 11635 Greece
| | - Stergios Pispas
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute National Hellenic Research Foundation 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue Athens 11635 Greece
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Rub MA, Azum N, Kumar D, Nadeem Arshad M, Khan A, Alotaibi MM, Asiri AM. Investigation of Solution Behavior of Antidepressant Imipramine Hydrochloride Drug and Non-Ionic Surfactant Mixture: Experimental and Theoretical Study. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13224025. [PMID: 34833323 PMCID: PMC8624014 DOI: 10.3390/polym13224025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, the interaction of imipramine hydrochloride (IMP, antidepressant drug) and a non-ionic surfactant Triton X-100 (TX-100) mixture in five different ratios through the tensiometric method in different solvents (aqueous/0.050 mol·kg−1 aqueous NaCl/0.250 mol·kg−1 aqueous urea (U)) were examined thoroughly at a temperature of 298 K. UV–Visible studies in an aqueous system of IMP + TX-100 mixtures were also investigated and discussed in detail. The pure (IMP and TX-100) along with the mixtures’ critical micelle concentration (cmc) were assessed by a tensiometric technique. The obtained deviation of the mixtures’ cmc values from their ideal values revealed the nonideal behavior of IMP + TX-100 mixtures amongst IMP and TX-100. Compared to aqueous systems, in the presence of aqueous NaCl, several changes in micelles/mixed micelles occurred, and hence a synergism/attractive interaction amongst components was found increased while in the existence of U, the synergism/attractive interaction between them decreased. The evaluated interaction parameter (βRb) value of mixed micelles showed the attractive or synergism between the IMP and TX-100. Various evaluated thermodynamic parameters in an aqueous system showed that the mixed micellization of the IMP + TX-100 mixture was an entropically spontaneous phenomenon, although the existence of salt in all studied systems can somewhat increase the spontaneity of the micellization process and in the aqueous U system, the spontaneity of the micellization process decreased. In an aqueous system, the interaction between IMP and TX-100 was also confirmed by UV–Visible study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik Abdul Rub
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.); (M.N.A.); (A.K.); (A.M.A.)
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (M.A.R.); (D.K.); Tel.: +966-563671946 (M.A.R.)
| | - Naved Azum
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.); (M.N.A.); (A.K.); (A.M.A.)
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Dileep Kumar
- Division of Computational Physics, Institute for Computational Science, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Correspondence: (M.A.R.); (D.K.); Tel.: +966-563671946 (M.A.R.)
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Arshad
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.); (M.N.A.); (A.K.); (A.M.A.)
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Anish Khan
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.); (M.N.A.); (A.K.); (A.M.A.)
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Maha Moteb Alotaibi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdullah M. Asiri
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.); (M.N.A.); (A.K.); (A.M.A.)
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
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Skandalis A, Selianitis D, Pispas S. PnBA-b-PNIPAM-b-PDMAEA Thermo-Responsive Triblock Terpolymers and Their Quaternized Analogs as Gene and Drug Delivery Vectors. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2361. [PMID: 34301119 PMCID: PMC8309626 DOI: 10.3390/polym13142361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, the ability of thermo-responsive poly [butyl acrylate-b-N-isopropylacrylamide-b-2-(dimethylamino) ethyl acrylate] (PnBA-b-PNIPAM-b-PDMAEA) triblock terpolymer self-assemblies, as well as of their quaternized analogs (PnBA-b-PNIPAM-b-QPDMAEA), to form polyplexes with DNA through electrostatic interactions was examined. Terpolymer/DNA polyplexes were prepared in three different amine over phosphate group ratios (N/P), and linear DNA with a 2000 base pair length was used. In aqueous solutions, the terpolymers formed aggregates of micelles with mixed PNIPAM/(Q)PDMAEA coronas and PnBA cores. The PnBA-b-PNIPAM-b-PDMAEA terpolymers' micellar aggregates were also examined as carriers for the model hydrophobic drug curcumin (CUR). The complexation ability of the terpolymer with DNA was studied by UV-Vis spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy by investigating ethidium bromide quenching. Fluorescence was also used for the determination of the intrinsic fluorescence of the CUR-loaded micellar aggregates. The structural characteristics of the polyplexes and the CUR-loaded aggregates were investigated by dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering techniques. Polyplexes were found to structurally respond to changes in solution temperature and ionic strength, while the intrinsic fluorescence of encapsulated CUR was increased at temperatures above ambient.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stergios Pispas
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece; (A.S.); (D.S.)
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8
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Skandalis A, Sentoukas T, Giaouzi D, Kafetzi M, Pispas S. Latest Advances on the Synthesis of Linear ABC-Type Triblock Terpolymers and Star-Shaped Polymers by RAFT Polymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1698. [PMID: 34067443 PMCID: PMC8196979 DOI: 10.3390/polym13111698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This review article aims to cover the most recent advances regarding the synthesis of linear ABC-type triblock terpolymers and star-shaped polymers by RAFT polymerization, as well as their self-assembly properties in aqueous solutions. RAFT polymerization has received extensive attention, as it is a versatile technique, compatible with a great variety of functional monomers and reaction conditions, while providing exceptional and precise control over the final structure, with well-defined side-groups and post-polymerization engineering potential. Linear triblock terpolymers synthesis can lead to very interesting novel ideas, since there are countless combinations of stimuli/non-stimuli and hydrophilic/hydrophobic monomers that someone can use. One of their most interesting features is their ubiquitous ability to self-assemble in different nanostructures depending on their degree of polymerization (DP), block composition, solubilization protocol, internal and external stimuli. On the other hand, star-shaped polymers exhibit a more stable nanostructure, with a distinct crosslinked core and arm blocks that can also incorporate stimuli-responsive blocks for "smart" applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Theodore Sentoukas
- Center of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-41-819 Zabrze, Poland;
| | - Despoina Giaouzi
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece; (D.G.); (M.K.)
| | - Martha Kafetzi
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece; (D.G.); (M.K.)
| | - Stergios Pispas
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece; (D.G.); (M.K.)
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Kumar L, Singh S, Horechyy A, Fery A, Nandan B. Block Copolymer Template-Directed Catalytic Systems: Recent Progress and Perspectives. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11050318. [PMID: 33925335 PMCID: PMC8146702 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11050318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fabrication of block copolymer (BCP) template-assisted nano-catalysts has been a subject of immense interest in the field of catalysis and polymer chemistry for more than two decades now. Different methods, such as colloidal route, on-substrate methods, bulk self-assembly approaches, combined approaches, and many others have been used to prepare such nano-catalysts. The present review focuses on the advances made in this direction using diblock, triblock, and other types of BCP self-assembled structures. It will be shown how interestingly, researchers have exploited the features of tunable periodicity, domain orientation, and degree of lateral orders of self-assembled BCPs by using fundamental approaches, as well as using different combinations of simple methods to fabricate efficient catalysts. These approaches allow for fabricating catalysts that are used for the growth of single- and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the substrate, size-dependent electrooxidation of the carbon mono oxide, cracking of 1,3,5-triisopropylbenzene (TIPB), methanol oxidation, formic acid oxidation, and for catalytic degradation of dyes and water pollutants, etc. The focus will also be on how efficient and ease-of-use catalysts can be fabricated using different BCP templates, and how these have contributed to the fabrication of different nano-catalysts, such as nanoparticle array catalysts, strawberry and Janus-like nanoparticles catalysts, mesoporous nanoparticles and film catalysts, gyroid-based bicontinuous catalysts, and hollow fiber membrane catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Labeesh Kumar
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Sajan Singh
- Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India;
| | - Andriy Horechyy
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany;
- Correspondence: (A.H.); (A.F.); (B.N.); Tel.: +49-351-4658-324 (A.H.); +49-351-4658-225 (A.F.); +91-11-2659 6679 (B.N.)
| | - Andreas Fery
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany;
- Institute of Physical Chemistry of Polymeric Materials, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Correspondence: (A.H.); (A.F.); (B.N.); Tel.: +49-351-4658-324 (A.H.); +49-351-4658-225 (A.F.); +91-11-2659 6679 (B.N.)
| | - Bhanu Nandan
- Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India;
- Correspondence: (A.H.); (A.F.); (B.N.); Tel.: +49-351-4658-324 (A.H.); +49-351-4658-225 (A.F.); +91-11-2659 6679 (B.N.)
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Kafetzi M, Pispas S, Bao X, Yao P. Amphiphilic QP(DMAEMA- co-LMA)- b-POEGMA Random-Block Terpolymers as Nanocarriers for Insulin. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8100392. [PMID: 33020449 PMCID: PMC7599562 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8100392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on the utilization of the amphiphilic poly[quaternized (2-(N,N-dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate)]-co-(lauryl methacrylate))-b-poly[(oligo ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate] QP(DMAEMA-co-LMA)-b-POEGMA cationic diblock terpolymer aggregates as nanocarriers for insulin delivery applications. QP(DMAEMA-co-LMA)-b-POEGMA random diblock terpolymer is derived from the chemical modification of the precursor amino diblock copolymer via quaternization, producing permanent positive charges on the macromolecular chain. The QP(DMAEMA-co-LMA)-b-POEGMA diblock terpolymer as well as its amino precursor investigated self-assemble in aqueous media, forming aggregates. In vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo biocompatibility studies on QP(DMAEMA-co-LMA)-b-POEGMA and its amino precursor aggregates, showed good cytocompatibility and biocompatibility. QP(DMAEMA-co-LMA)-b-POEGMA aggregates were chosen to be complexed with insulin due to their self-assembly features and the permanent positive charge in each amino group. QP(DMAEMA-co-LMA)-b-POEGMA aggregates were complexed with insulin through electrostatic interactions. Light scattering techniques were used in order to study the ability of the polymer aggregates to complex with insulin, to determine critical physicochemical parameters such as size, mass, and surface charge of the stable complexes and study the effect of salt addition on their properties. The results showed that in both cases, the complexation process was successful and as the insulin concentration increases, nanosized complexes of different physicochemical characteristics (mass, size, surface charge) and spherical morphology are formed. UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy studies showed that no conformational changes of insulin occurred after the complexation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Kafetzi
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece;
| | - Stergios Pispas
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece;
- Correspondence:
| | - Xiaoyan Bao
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China; (X.B.); (P.Y.)
| | - Ping Yao
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China; (X.B.); (P.Y.)
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Self-Assembly of Block Copolymers. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12040794. [PMID: 32252360 PMCID: PMC7240424 DOI: 10.3390/polym12040794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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