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Stepczyńska M, Rytlewski P, Moraczewski K, Pawłowska A, Karasiewicz T. Novel Biocomposite of Starch and Flax Fiber Modified with Tannic Acid with Biocidal Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1108. [PMID: 38675027 PMCID: PMC11054732 DOI: 10.3390/polym16081108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this paper was to develop novel biocomposites with biocidal properties in microorganisms, with enhanced mechanical strength and hydrophobicity as well as with increased biodegradation rates. The main idea and the novelty of this work was to use cross-linking compounds and, at the same time, biocidal compounds-natural compounds of plant origin with biocidal properties. The authors assumed that the modification of flax fiber by natural plant compound will reduce the hydrophilicity of novel biocompositie. Biopolymer based on thermoplastic starch reinforced with flax fibres modified with tannic acid (TA) was prepared by extrusion and injection molding processes. The effects of TA modification on the mechanical and structural properties of biocomposites were analyzed through DMA, tensile tests, DSC, and TG. The biocidal and wettability properties of the biocomposites were investigated. The article also discusses the outcomes of research conducted on the structural characteristics and rates of the biodegradation of biocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Stepczyńska
- Faculty of Materials Engineering, Kazimierz Wielki University, Jana Karola Chodkiewicza 30, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (P.R.); (K.M.); (A.P.); (T.K.)
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Characterization of Biodegradable Films Made from Taro Peel ( Colocasia esculenta) Starch. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15020338. [PMID: 36679218 PMCID: PMC9862323 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of renewable polymers have highlighted starch’s role to replace petroleum-based components to produce biodegradable films with plastic-like qualities. In this study, the novelty of taro peel starch (TPS) to produce such films using the casting technique is reported for the first time. A response surface method (RSM) approach was employed to optimize different concentrations of TPS (2.5−3.5%, w/w) and glycerol (25−35%, w/w) and investigate their effects on the physico-mechanical and water barrier properties of TPS films. TPS films showed a positive linear effect (p < 0.05) for thickness (0.058−0.088 mm), opacity (1.95−2.67), water vapor permeability (0.06−0.09 g∙m/m2∙kPa∙h), and cubic effect (p < 0.05) for moisture content (0.58−1.57%), which were linked to high starch concentrations when plasticized with glycerol. X-ray diffraction analysis of TPS films depicted “amorphous”-type crystalline structure peaks at 19.88°, while the thermogravimetric analysis of the film samples exhibited 75−80% of the weight loss of TPS film in the second phase between temperatures of 300 °C to 400 °C. All films exhibited homogenous, transparent surfaces with flexibility, and completely degraded in 5 days in simulated river water and composting soil environments, which confirmed TPS as a promising film polymer in food packaging.
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Giuri A, Striani R, Carallo S, Colella S, Rizzo A, Mele C, Bagheri S, Seiti M, Ferraris E, Corcione CE. Waste Carbon Ashes/PEDOT:PSS Nano-Inks for Printing of Supercapacitors. Electrochim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Ferrari F, Striani R, Fico D, Alam MM, Greco A, Esposito Corcione C. An Overview on Wood Waste Valorization as Biopolymers and Biocomposites: Definition, Classification, Production, Properties and Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14245519. [PMID: 36559886 PMCID: PMC9787771 DOI: 10.3390/polym14245519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bio-based polymers, obtained from natural biomass, are nowadays considered good candidates for the replacement of traditional fossil-derived plastics. The need for substituting traditional synthetic plastics is mainly driven by many concerns about their detrimental effects on the environment and human health. The most innovative way to produce bioplastics involves the use of raw materials derived from wastes. Raw materials are of vital importance for human and animal health and due to their economic and environmental benefits. Among these, wood waste is gaining popularity as an innovative raw material for biopolymer manufacturing. On the other hand, the use of wastes as a source to produce biopolymers and biocomposites is still under development and the processing methods are currently being studied in order to reach a high reproducibility and thus increase the yield of production. This study therefore aimed to cover the current developments in the classification, manufacturing, performances and fields of application of bio-based polymers, especially focusing on wood waste sources. The work was carried out using both a descriptive and an analytical methodology: first, a description of the state of art as it exists at present was reported, then the available information was analyzed to make a critical evaluation of the results. A second way to employ wood scraps involves their use as bio-reinforcements for composites; therefore, the increase in the mechanical response obtained by the addition of wood waste in different bio-based matrices was explored in this work. Results showed an increase in Young's modulus up to 9 GPa for wood-reinforced PLA and up to 6 GPa for wood-reinforced PHA.
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Fico D, Rizzo D, De Carolis V, Montagna F, Esposito Corcione C. Sustainable Polymer Composites Manufacturing through 3D Printing Technologies by Using Recycled Polymer and Filler. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14183756. [PMID: 36145901 PMCID: PMC9504255 DOI: 10.3390/polym14183756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last years, the excessive use of plastic and other synthetic materials, that are generally difficult to dispose of, has caused growing ecological worries. These are contributing to redirecting the world’s attention to sustainable materials and a circular economy (CE) approach using recycling routes. In this work, bio-filaments for the Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) 3D printing technique were produced from recycled polylactic acid (PLA) and artisanal ceramic waste by an extrusion process and fully characterized from a physical, thermal, and mechanical point of view. The data showed different morphological, thermal, rheological, and mechanical properties of the two produced filaments. Furthermore, the 3D objects produced from the 100% recycled PLA filament showed lower mechanical performance. However, the results have demonstrated that all the produced filaments can be used in a low-cost FFF commercial printer that has been modified with simple hand-made operations in order to produce 3D-printed models. The main objective of this work is to propose an example of easy and low-cost application of 3D printing that involves operations such as the reprocessing and the recyclability of materials, that are also not perfectly mechanically performing but can still provide environmental and economic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Fico
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Edificio P, Campus Ecotekne, s.p. 6 Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Daniela Rizzo
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Salento, Via D. Birago 64, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Valentina De Carolis
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Edificio P, Campus Ecotekne, s.p. 6 Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Francesco Montagna
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Edificio P, Campus Ecotekne, s.p. 6 Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Carola Esposito Corcione
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Edificio P, Campus Ecotekne, s.p. 6 Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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de Freitas ADSM, da Silva APB, Montagna LS, Nogueira IA, Carvalho NK, de Faria VS, Dos Santos NB, Lemes AP. Thermoplastic starch nanocomposites: sources, production and applications - a review. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2022; 33:900-945. [PMID: 34962857 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2021.2021351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of materials based on thermoplastic starch (TPS) is an excellent alternative to replace or reduce the use of petroleum-derived polymers. The abundance, renewable origin, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and low cost of starch are among the advantages related to the application of TPS compared to other thermoplastic biopolymers. However, through the literature review, it was possible to observe the need to improve some properties, to allow TPS to replace commonly used polyolefins. The studies reviewed achieved these modifications were achieved by using plasticizers, adjusting processing conditions, and incorporating fillers. In this sense, the addition of nanofillers proved to be the main modification strategy due to the large number of available nanofillers and the low charge concentration required for such improvement. The improvement can be seen in thermal, mechanical, electrical, optical, magnetic, antimicrobial, barrier, biocompatibility, cytotoxicity, solubility, and swelling properties. These modification strategies, the reviewed studies described the development of a wide range of materials. These are products with great potential for targeting different applications. Thus, this review addresses a wide range of essential aspects in developing of this type of nanocomposite. Covering from starch sources, processing routes, characterization methods, the properties of the obtained nanocomposites, to the various applications. Therefore, this review will provide an overview for everyone interested in working with TPS nanocomposites. Through a comprehensive review of the subject, which in most studies is done in a way directed to a specific area of study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Paula Bernardo da Silva
- Department of Science and Technology, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Larissa Stieven Montagna
- Department of Science and Technology, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Iury Araújo Nogueira
- Department of Science and Technology, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Nathan Kevin Carvalho
- Department of Science and Technology, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Vitor Siqueira de Faria
- Department of Science and Technology, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Natali Bomfim Dos Santos
- Department of Science and Technology, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Lemes
- Department of Science and Technology, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
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Jia R, Teng K, Huang J, Wei X, Qin Z. Hydrogen Bonding Crosslinking of Starch‐Polyvinyl Alcohol Films Reinforced by Ultrasound‐Assisted and Cellulose Nanofibers Dispersed Cellulose Nanocrystals. STARCH-STARKE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/star.202100227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui‐Jing Jia
- School of Resources Environment and Materials Guangxi University Nanning 530000 China
- MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non‐ferrous Metals and Materials Nanning Guangxi 530004 China
| | | | | | - Xin Wei
- School of Resources Environment and Materials Guangxi University Nanning 530000 China
- MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non‐ferrous Metals and Materials Nanning Guangxi 530004 China
| | - Zhi‐Yong Qin
- School of Resources Environment and Materials Guangxi University Nanning 530000 China
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Ortega F, Versino F, López OV, García MA. Biobased composites from agro-industrial wastes and by-products. EMERGENT MATERIALS 2022; 5:873-921. [PMID: 34849454 PMCID: PMC8614084 DOI: 10.1007/s42247-021-00319-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The greater awareness of non-renewable natural resources preservation needs has led to the development of more ecological high-performance polymeric materials with new functionalities. In this regard, biobased composites are considered interesting options, especially those obtained from agro-industrial wastes and by-products. These are low-cost raw materials derived from renewable sources, which are mostly biodegradable and would otherwise typically be discarded. In this review, recent and innovative academic studies on composites obtained from biopolymers, natural fillers and active agents, as well as green-synthesized nanoparticles are presented. An in-depth discussion of biobased composites structures, properties, manufacture, and life-cycle assessment (LCA) is provided along with a wide up-to-date overview of the most recent works in the field with appropriate references. Potential uses of biobased composites from agri-food residues such as active and intelligent food packaging, agricultural inputs, tissue engineering, among others are described, considering that the specific characteristics of these materials should match the proposed application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Ortega
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA), UNLP-CONICET-CICPBA, 47 y 116 (1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Florencia Versino
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA), UNLP-CONICET-CICPBA, 47 y 116 (1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Olivia Valeria López
- Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química (PLAPIQUI), UNS-CONICET, Camino La Carrindanga km.7 (8000), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - María Alejandra García
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA), UNLP-CONICET-CICPBA, 47 y 116 (1900), La Plata, Argentina
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Derungs I, Rico M, López J, Barral L, Montero B, Bouza R. Influence of the hydrophilicity of montmorillonite on structure and properties of thermoplastic wheat starch/montmorillonite bionanocomposites. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Derungs
- Grupo de Polímeros, Departamento de Física y Ciencias de la Tierra Universidade da Coruña, Escuela Universitaria Politécnica Ferrol Spain
| | - Maite Rico
- Grupo de Polímeros, Departamento de Física y Ciencias de la Tierra Universidade da Coruña, Escuela Universitaria Politécnica Ferrol Spain
| | - Joaquín López
- Grupo de Polímeros, Departamento de Física y Ciencias de la Tierra Universidade da Coruña, Escuela Universitaria Politécnica Ferrol Spain
| | - Luis Barral
- Grupo de Polímeros, Departamento de Física y Ciencias de la Tierra Universidade da Coruña, Escuela Universitaria Politécnica Ferrol Spain
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit. Institute of Biomedical Research (IDIS‐SERGAS) University Clinical Hospital Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Belén Montero
- Grupo de Polímeros, Departamento de Física y Ciencias de la Tierra Universidade da Coruña, Escuela Universitaria Politécnica Ferrol Spain
| | - Rebeca Bouza
- Grupo de Polímeros, Departamento de Física y Ciencias de la Tierra Universidade da Coruña, Escuela Universitaria Politécnica Ferrol Spain
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Lionetto F, Esposito Corcione C. Recent Applications of Biopolymers Derived from Fish Industry Waste in Food Packaging. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2337. [PMID: 34301094 PMCID: PMC8309529 DOI: 10.3390/polym13142337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish waste is attracting growing interest as a new raw material for biopolymer production in different application fields, mainly in food packaging, with significant economic and environmental advantages. This review paper summarizes the recent advances in the valorization of fish waste for the preparation of biopolymers for food packaging applications. The issues related to fishery industry waste and fish by-catch and the potential for re-using these by-products in a circular economy approach have been presented in detail. Then, all the biopolymer typologies derived from fish waste with potential applications in food packaging, such as muscle proteins, collagen, gelatin, chitin/chitosan, have been described. For each of them, the recent applications in food packaging, in the last five years, have been overviewed with an emphasis on smart packaging applications. Despite the huge industrial potential of fish industry by-products, most of the reviewed applications are still at lab-scale. Therefore, the technological challenges for a reliable exploitation and recovery of several potentially valuable molecules and the strategies to improve the barrier, mechanical and thermal performance of each kind of biopolymer have been analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Lionetto
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
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Striani R, Stasi E, Giuri A, Seiti M, Ferraris E, Esposito Corcione C. Development of an Innovative and Green Method to Obtain Nanoparticles in Aqueous Solution from Carbon-Based Waste Ashes. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:577. [PMID: 33668967 PMCID: PMC7996565 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, an original and green procedure to produce water-based solutions containing nanometric recycled carbon particles is proposed. The nanometric particles are obtained starting from carbon waste ashes, produced by the wooden biomass pyro-gasification plant CMD (Costruzioni motori diesel) ECO20. The latter is an integrated system combining a downdraft gasifier, a spark-ignition internal combustion engine, an electric generator and syngas cleaning devices, and it can produce electric and thermal power up to 20 kWe and 40 kWth. The carbon-based ashes (CA) produced by the CMD ECO20 plant were, first, characterized by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and microcomputed tomography (microCT). Afterward, they were reduced in powder by using a milling mortar and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrometry, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The optimization of an original procedure to reduce the dimensions of the ashes in an aqueous solution was then developed by using ball milling and sonication techniques, and the nanometric dimensions of the particles dispersed in water were estimated by dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements in the order of 300 nm. Finally, possible industrial applications for the nanomaterials obtained from the waste ashes are suggested, including, for example, inks for Aerosol Jet® Printing (AJ® P).
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Striani
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Innovazione, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (R.S.); (E.S.)
| | - Enrica Stasi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Innovazione, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (R.S.); (E.S.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Campus de Nayer, KU Leuven, 2860 Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium; (M.S.); (E.F.)
| | - Antonella Giuri
- Istituto di Nanotecnologia CNR-Nanotec, Polo di Nanotecnologia c/o Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Miriam Seiti
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Campus de Nayer, KU Leuven, 2860 Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium; (M.S.); (E.F.)
| | - Eleonora Ferraris
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Campus de Nayer, KU Leuven, 2860 Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium; (M.S.); (E.F.)
| | - Carola Esposito Corcione
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Innovazione, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (R.S.); (E.S.)
- Istituto di Nanotecnologia CNR-Nanotec, Polo di Nanotecnologia c/o Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
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An Innovative Method for the Recycling of Waste Carbohydrate-Based Flours. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12061414. [PMID: 32599918 PMCID: PMC7362212 DOI: 10.3390/polym12061414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This work represents an innovative study that, for the first time, explores the possibility to use waste flours to produce thermoplastic polymeric bio-films. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that waste flours, derived from bakeries, pizzerias or pasta factories, have been proposed for the production of bio-polymers, as a replacement of neat starch. To this aim, durum waste flour derived from a pasta factory, soft waste flour derived from pizzerias and neat maize starch used as control material were firstly analyzed from dimensional, morphological and chemical points of view. Afterwards, waste flour films were produced by the addition of a nature-based plasticizer, glycerol. Mechanical characterization of the plasticized thermoplastic films, produced by compression molding, evidenced low performances, even in the case of the neat maize starch. In order to improve the mechanical properties, the possibility to include polylactic acid and cardanol-based plasticizer was also investigated. Mass transport properties of all the produced bio-films were investigated by measuring their water vapor permeability and hygroscopic absorption. The durability properties of the bio-films were assessed by accelerated ageing tests, while the bio-degradability of the waste-based films was evaluated by measuring the solubility and the degradation in water. The physicochemical analyses of the novel bio-films evidenced good mechanical properties; specifically, the waste-based films showed a lower hygroscopic absorption and water solubility than those of the blends containing neat starch.
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