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Champa-Bujaico E, Díez-Pascual AM, Garcia-Diaz P. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) Bionanocomposites with Crystalline Nanocellulose and Graphene Oxide: Experimental Results and Support Vector Machine Modeling. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3746. [PMID: 37765602 PMCID: PMC10537444 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx) is a biodegradable and biocompatible bacterial copolymer used in the biomedical and food industries. However, it displays low stiffness and strength for certain applications. This issue can be solved via reinforcement with nanofillers. In this work, PHBHHx-based bionanocomposites reinforced with different loadings of crystalline nanocellulose (CNC) and graphene oxide (GO) were developed by a green and straightforward solution casting technique. Their crystalline nature and surface topography were explored via X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), respectively, their composition was corroborated via Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and their crystallization and melting behavior were determined via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The nanofillers had a nucleating role, raising the crystallization temperature of the polymer, whilst hardly any changes were found in the melting temperature. Further, significant enhancements in the stiffness, strength, and thermal stability of the PHBHHx matrix were observed with the incorporation of both nanofillers, which was attributed to a synergic effect. The mechanical properties for various concentrations of CNC and GO were accurately predicted using a machine learning (ML) model in the form of a support vector machine (SVM). The model performance was evaluated in terms of the mean absolute error (MAE), the mean square error (MSE), and the correlation coefficient (R2). These bio-based nanocomposites are a valuable alternative to conventional petroleum-based synthetic polymeric materials used nowadays for biomedicine and food packaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Champa-Bujaico
- Universidad de Alcalá, Departamento de Teoría de la Señal y Comunicaciones, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.6, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (E.C.-B.); (P.G.-D.)
| | - Ana M. Díez-Pascual
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33.6, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Garcia-Diaz
- Universidad de Alcalá, Departamento de Teoría de la Señal y Comunicaciones, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.6, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (E.C.-B.); (P.G.-D.)
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Review on Hybrid Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites with Nanocellulose, Nanomaterials, and Other Fibers. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15040984. [PMID: 36850267 PMCID: PMC9959991 DOI: 10.3390/polym15040984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of composite materials has seen many new innovations for a large variety of applications. The area of reinforcement in composites is also rapidly evolving with many new discoveries, including the use of hybrid fibers, sustainable materials, and nanocellulose. In this review, studies on hybrid fiber reinforcement, the use of nanocellulose, the use of nanocellulose in hybrid forms, the use of nanocellulose with other nanomaterials, the applications of these materials, and finally, the challenges and opportunities (including safety issues) of their use are thoroughly discussed. This review will point out new prospects for the composite materials world, enabling the use of nano- and micron-sized materials together and creating value-added products at the industrial scale. Furthermore, the use of hybrid structures consisting of two different nano-materials creates many novel solutions for applications in electronics and sensors.
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Perera KY, Hopkins M, Jaiswal AK, Jaiswal S. Nanoclays-containing bio-based packaging materials: properties, applications, safety, and regulatory issues. JOURNAL OF NANOSTRUCTURE IN CHEMISTRY 2023; 14:1-23. [PMID: 36747507 PMCID: PMC9893189 DOI: 10.1007/s40097-023-00525-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Food packaging is an important concept for consumer satisfaction and the increased shelf life of food products. The introduction of novel food packaging materials has become an emerging trend in recent years, which could be mainly due to environmental pollution caused by plastic packaging and to reduce food waste. Recently, numerous studies have been carried out on nanoclays or nanolayered silicate to be used in packaging material development as reinforcing filler composites. Different types of nanoclays have been used as food packaging materials, while montmorillonite (MMT), halloysite, bentonite (BT), Cloisite, and organically modified nanoclays have become of great interest. The incorporation of nanoclays into the packaging matrix improves the mechanical and barrier properties and at the same time prolongs the biodegradation of the packaging material. The purpose of this article is to examine the development of nanoclay-based food packaging materials. The review article highlights the current state of research on bio-based polymers with nanoclay for food packaging. In addition, the report analyses the mechanical, barrier, and antibacterial characteristics of nanoclay-based food packaging materials. Finally, it discusses the migration of nanoclays, toxicity levels, and the legislation associated with the application of nanoclays. Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpani Y. Perera
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, College of Sciences and Health, Technological University Dublin-City Campus, Central Quad, Grangegorman, Dublin, D07 ADY7 Ireland
- Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute, Technological University Dublin-City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin, D07 H6K8 Ireland
| | - Maille Hopkins
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, College of Sciences and Health, Technological University Dublin-City Campus, Central Quad, Grangegorman, Dublin, D07 ADY7 Ireland
| | - Amit K. Jaiswal
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, College of Sciences and Health, Technological University Dublin-City Campus, Central Quad, Grangegorman, Dublin, D07 ADY7 Ireland
- Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute, Technological University Dublin-City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin, D07 H6K8 Ireland
| | - Swarna Jaiswal
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, College of Sciences and Health, Technological University Dublin-City Campus, Central Quad, Grangegorman, Dublin, D07 ADY7 Ireland
- Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute, Technological University Dublin-City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin, D07 H6K8 Ireland
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Kumar A, Sood A, Han SS. Poly (vinyl alcohol)-alginate as potential matrix for various applications: A focused review. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 277:118881. [PMID: 34893284 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Advances in polymers have made significant contribution in diverse application oriented fields. Multidisciplinary applicability of polymers generates a range of strategies, which is pertinent in a wide range of fields. Blends of natural and synthetic polymers have spawned a different class of materials with synergistic effects. Specifically, poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and alginate (AG) blends (PVAG) have demonstrated some promising results in almost every segment, ranging from biomedical to industrial sector. Combination of PVAG with other materials, immobilization with specific moieties and physical and chemical crosslinking could result in amendments in the structure and properties of the PVAG matrices. Here, we provide an overview of the recent developments in designing PVAG based matrix and complexes with their structural and functional properties. The article also provides a comprehensive outline on the applicability of PVAG matrix in wastewater treatment, biomedical, photocatalysis, food packaging, and fuel cells and sheds light on the challenges that need to be addressed. Finally, the review elaborates the future prospective of PVAG matrices in other unexplored fields like aircraft industry, nuclear science and space exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Kumar
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea; Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ankur Sood
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Soo Han
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea; Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
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Jung BN, Jung HW, Kang DH, Kim GH, Shim JK. A Study on the Oxygen Permeability Behavior of Nanoclay in a Polypropylene/Nanoclay Nanocomposite by Biaxial Stretching. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2760. [PMID: 34451298 PMCID: PMC8399966 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Polypropylene (PP) has poor oxygen barrier properties, therefore it is manufactured in a multi-layer structure with other plastics and metals, and has been widely used as a packaging material in various industries from food and beverage to pharmaceuticals. However, multi-layered packaging materials are generally low in recyclability and cause serious environmental pollution, therefore we have faced the challenge of improving the oxygen barrier performance as a uni-material. In this work, PP/nanoclay nanocomposites were prepared at nanoclay contents ranging from 0.8 to 6.4 wt% by the biaxial stretching method, performed through a sequential stretching method. It was observed that, as the draw ratio increased, the behavior of the agglomerates of the nanoclay located in the PP matrix changed and the nanoclay was dispersed along the second stretching direction. Oxygen barrier properties of PP/nanoclay nanocomposites are clearly improved due to this dispersion effect. As the biaxial stretching ratio and the content of nanoclay increased, the oxygen permeability value of the PP/nanoclay nanocomposite decreased to 43.5 cc·mm/m2·day·atm, which was reduced by about 64% compared to PP. Moreover, even when the relative humidity was increased from 0% to 90%, the oxygen permeability values remained almost the same without quality deterioration. Besides these properties, we also found that the mechanical and thermal properties were also improved. The biaxially-stretched PP/nanoclay nanocomposite fabricated in this study is a potential candidate for the replacement of the multi-layered packaging material used in the packaging fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bich-Nam Jung
- Korea Packaging Center, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Bucheon 14449, Korea; (B.-N.J.); (D.-H.K.); (G.-H.K.)
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Hyun-Wook Jung
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Dong-Ho Kang
- Korea Packaging Center, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Bucheon 14449, Korea; (B.-N.J.); (D.-H.K.); (G.-H.K.)
| | - Gi-Hong Kim
- Korea Packaging Center, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Bucheon 14449, Korea; (B.-N.J.); (D.-H.K.); (G.-H.K.)
| | - Jin-Kie Shim
- Korea Packaging Center, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Bucheon 14449, Korea; (B.-N.J.); (D.-H.K.); (G.-H.K.)
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