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Arias LVA, Silva VDS, Vieira JMM, Fakhouri FM, de Oliveira RA. Plant-Based Films for Food Packaging as a Plastic Waste Management Alternative: Potato and Cassava Starch Case. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2390. [PMID: 39274023 PMCID: PMC11397551 DOI: 10.3390/polym16172390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Revised: 08/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The escalating environmental impact of plastic packaging waste necessitates sustainable alternatives in food packaging. This study explores starch-based films derived from cassava and potato as viable substitutes, aiming to mitigate plastic pollution and enhance environmental sustainability. Utilizing a casting method, formulations optimized by CCRD were characterized for their physical, physicochemical, and morphological properties. Comprehensive analysis revealed both cassava and potato starch films to exhibit robust structural integrity, high tensile strength (up to 32.6 MPa for cassava starch films), and semi-crystalline morphology. These films demonstrated low water vapor permeability and moderate solubility, akin to conventional low-density polyethylene used in packaging. Differential scanning calorimetry indicated glass transition temperatures between 116.36 °C and 119.35 °C, affirming thermal stability suitable for packaging applications. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed homogeneous film surfaces, with cassava starch films (C4-15) exhibiting superior transparency and uniformity. X-ray diffraction corroborated the films' semi-crystalline nature, unaffected by sorbitol content variations. Despite their mechanical and thermal suitability, further enhancements in thermal degradation resistance are essential for broader thermoprocessing applicability. These findings underscore the potential of starch-based films to be used as lids or other part of a food package, decreasing the plastic dependency in food packaging, contributing decisively to waste reduction and environmental preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Viviane de Souza Silva
- School of Agricultural Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-875, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Farayde Matta Fakhouri
- Poly 2 Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Polytechnic University of Catalonia, 08019 Terrassa, Spain
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Linan LZ, Fakhouri FM, Nogueira GF, Zoppe J, Velasco JI. Benefits of Incorporating Lignin into Starch-Based Films: A Brief Review. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2285. [PMID: 39204505 PMCID: PMC11359989 DOI: 10.3390/polym16162285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides are an excellent renewable source for developing food-packing materials. It is expected that these packages can be an efficient barrier against oxygen; can reduce lipid peroxidation, and can retain the natural aroma of a food commodity. Starch has tremendous potential to be explored in the preparation of food packaging; however, due to their high hydrophilic nature, packaging films produced from starch possess poor protective moisture barriers and low mechanical properties. This scenario limits their applications, especially in humid conditions. In contrast, lignin's highly complex aromatic hetero-polymer network of phenylpropane units is known to play a filler role in polysaccharide films. Moreover, lignin can limit the biodegradability of polysaccharides films by a physical barrier, mainly, and by non-productive bindings. The main interactions affecting lignin non-productive bindings are hydrophobic interactions, electrostatic interactions, and hydrogen-bonding interactions, which are dependent on the total phenolic -OH and -COOH content in its chemical structure. In this review, the use of lignin as a reinforcement to improve the biodegradability of starch-based films in wet environments is presented. Moreover, the characteristics of the used lignins, the mechanisms of molecular interaction among these materials, and the sensitive physicochemical parameters for biodegradability detection are related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamia Zuniga Linan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Maranhão (COEQ/UFMA), Av. dos Portugueses 1966, São Luis 65080-805, Brazil
| | - Farayde Matta Fakhouri
- Poly2 Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC Barcelona Tech), Carrer de Colom 11, 08222 Terrassa-Barcelona, Spain; (J.Z.); (J.I.V.)
| | | | - Justin Zoppe
- Poly2 Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC Barcelona Tech), Carrer de Colom 11, 08222 Terrassa-Barcelona, Spain; (J.Z.); (J.I.V.)
| | - José Ignacio Velasco
- Poly2 Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC Barcelona Tech), Carrer de Colom 11, 08222 Terrassa-Barcelona, Spain; (J.Z.); (J.I.V.)
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Pinto MF, Quevedo BV, Asami J, Komatsu D, Hausen MDA, Duek EADR. Electrospun Membrane Based on Poly(L-co-D,L lactic acid) and Natural Rubber Containing Copaiba Oil Designed as a Dressing with Antimicrobial Properties. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12050898. [PMID: 37237801 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12050898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery systems of natural antimicrobial compounds, such as copaiba oil (CO), have become relevant in the scientific community due to the recent prevalence of the public health complications related to antibiotic resistance. Electrospun devices act as an efficient drug delivery system for these bioactive compounds, reducing systemic side effects and increasing the effectiveness of the treatment. In this way, the present study aimed to evaluate the synergistic and antimicrobial effect of the direct incorporation of different concentrations of CO in a poly(L-co-D,L lactic acid) and natural rubber (NR) electrospun membrane. It was observed that CO showed bacteriostatic and antibacterial effects against S. aureus in antibiogram assays. The prevention of biofilm formation was confirmed via scanning electron microscopy. The test with crystal violet demonstrated strong bacteria inhibition in membranes with 75% CO. A decrease in hydrophilicity, observed in the swelling test, presented that the addition of CO promotes a safe environment for the recovery of injured tissue while acting as an antimicrobial agent. In this way, the study showed strong bacteriostatic effects of the CO incorporation in combination with electrospun membranes, a suitable feature desired in wound dressings in order to promote a physical barrier with prophylactic antimicrobial properties to avoid infections during tissue healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Formigoni Pinto
- Mechanical Engineering Faculty (FEM), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-860, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna V Quevedo
- Post-Graduation Program in Materials Sciences (PPGCM), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Sorocaba 18052-780, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Faculty of Medical Sciences and Health (FCMS), Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo (PUC-SP), Sorocaba 18030-070, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jessica Asami
- Mechanical Engineering Faculty (FEM), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-860, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Faculty of Medical Sciences and Health (FCMS), Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo (PUC-SP), Sorocaba 18030-070, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Komatsu
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Faculty of Medical Sciences and Health (FCMS), Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo (PUC-SP), Sorocaba 18030-070, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Moema de Alencar Hausen
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Faculty of Medical Sciences and Health (FCMS), Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo (PUC-SP), Sorocaba 18030-070, São Paulo, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program of Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Surgery Department, FCMS, PUC-São Paulo, Sorocaba 18030-070, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliana Aparecida de Rezende Duek
- Mechanical Engineering Faculty (FEM), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-860, São Paulo, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Materials Sciences (PPGCM), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Sorocaba 18052-780, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Faculty of Medical Sciences and Health (FCMS), Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo (PUC-SP), Sorocaba 18030-070, São Paulo, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program of Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Surgery Department, FCMS, PUC-São Paulo, Sorocaba 18030-070, São Paulo, Brazil
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Pereira JF, Oliveira ALM, Sartori D, Yamashita F, Mali S. Perspectives on the Use of Biopolymeric Matrices as Carriers for Plant-Growth Promoting Bacteria in Agricultural Systems. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020467. [PMID: 36838432 PMCID: PMC9963413 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The subject of this review is to discuss some aspects related to the use of biopolymeric matrices as carriers for plant-growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) in agricultural systems as a possible technological solution for the establishment of agricultural production practices that result in fewer adverse impacts on the environment, reporting some promising and interesting results on the topic. Results from the encapsulation of different PGPB on alginate, starch, chitosan, and gelatin matrices are discussed, systematizing some advances made in this area of knowledge in recent years. Encapsulation of these bacteria has been shown to be an effective method for protecting them from unsuitable environments, and these new products that can act as biofertilizers and biopesticides play an important role in the establishment of a sustainable and modern agriculture. These new products are technological solutions for replacing deleterious chemical fertilizers and pesticides, maintaining soil fertility and stability, and improving crop productivity and food security. Finally, in the near future, scale-up studies will have to provide new information about the large-scale production of these materials as well as their application in the field under different biotic and abiotic stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica F. Pereira
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, State University of Londrina—UEL, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - André Luiz M. Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, State University of Londrina—UEL, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Daniele Sartori
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, State University of Londrina—UEL, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Fabio Yamashita
- Department of Food Science and Technology, State University of Londrina—UEL, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Suzana Mali
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, State University of Londrina—UEL, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-43-3371-4270; Fax: +55-43-3371-5470
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Design and Optimization of a Natural Medicine from Copaifera reticulata Ducke for Skin Wound Care. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14214483. [DOI: 10.3390/polym14214483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we developed a bioadhesive emulsion-filled gel containing a high amount of Copaifera reticulata Ducke oil-resin as a veterinary or human clinical proposal. The phytotherapeutic system had easy preparation, low cost, satisfactory healing ability, and fly repellency, making it a cost-effective clinical strategy for wound care and myiasis prevention. Mechanical, rheological, morphological, and physical stability assessments were performed. The results highlight the crosslinked nature of the gelling agent, with three-dimensional channel networks stabilizing the Copaifera reticulata Ducke oil-resin (CrD-Ore). The emulgel presented antimicrobial activity, satisfactory adhesion, hardness, cohesiveness, and viscosity profiles, ensuring the easy spreading of the formulation. Considering dermatological application, the oscillatory responses showed a viscoelastic performance that ensures emulgel retention at the action site, reducing the dosage frequencies. In Vivo evaluations were performed using a case report to treat ulcerative skin wounds aggravated by myiasis in calves and heifers, which demonstrated healing, anti-inflammatory, and repellent performance for the emulsion-filled gel. The emulgel preparation, which is low in cost, shows promise as a drug for wound therapy.
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Starch as a Matrix for Incorporation and Release of Bioactive Compounds: Fundamentals and Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122361. [PMID: 35745937 PMCID: PMC9228233 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its abundance in nature and low cost, starch is one of the most relevant raw materials for replacing synthetic polymers in a number of applications. It is generally regarded as non-toxic, biocompatible, and biodegradable and, therefore, a safe option for biomedical, food, and packaging applications. In this review, we focused on studies that report the use of starch as a matrix for stabilization, incorporation, or release of bioactive compounds, and explore a wide range of applications of starch-based materials. One of the key application areas for bioactive compounds incorporated in starch matrices is the pharmaceutical industry, especially in orally disintegrating films. The packaging industry has also shown great interest in using starch films, especially those with antioxidant activity. Regarding food technology, starch can be used as a stabilizer in nanoemulsions, thus allowing the incorporation of bioactive compounds in a variety of food types. Starch also presents potential in the cosmetic industry as a delivery system. However, there are still several types of industry that could benefit from the incorporation of starch matrices with bioactive compounds, which are described in this review. In addition, the use of microbial bioactive compounds in starch matrices represents an almost unexplored field still to be investigated.
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Ramos da Silva L, Velasco JI, Fakhouri FM. Bioactive Films Based on Starch from White, Red, and Black Rice to Food Application. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14040835. [PMID: 35215746 PMCID: PMC8963109 DOI: 10.3390/polym14040835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Packages from renewable sources have been the focus of many studies, due to the consumer needs for high-quality food, environmental concern related to the inadequate discard of packaging, low percentage of packaging recycling, and starch application by a viable method. Thus, this work aimed to develop bioactive packages based on white, red, and black rice starch and analyze the influence of macromolecule and plasticizer type, even its blends, on the characteristics of films. Films were characterized by color, opacity, thickness, water solubility, water vapor permeability, and bioactive properties. The use of rice starch in the development of edible and/or biodegradable films was feasible, with all the formulations tested presenting a homogeneous matrix and the films obtained varying in hue, to the naked eye, as a function of the starch used. Variation of the type of starch and plasticizer, as well as the concentrations of the same, resulted in films with differences in all studied properties. Films prepared with 5% of starch and 30% of sorbitol showed phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity, using the DPPH and ABTS methods, indicating that these can be considered bioactive packages and also suitable for food application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luan Ramos da Silva
- Faculty of Engineering, Federal University of Grande Dourados (FAEN/UFGD), Dourados 79804-970, Brazil;
- Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (FEA/UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, Brazil
| | - José Ignacio Velasco
- Poly2 Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC BarcelonaTech), Calle Colon, 11, 08221 Terrassa, Spain;
| | - Farayde Matta Fakhouri
- Faculty of Engineering, Federal University of Grande Dourados (FAEN/UFGD), Dourados 79804-970, Brazil;
- Poly2 Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC BarcelonaTech), Calle Colon, 11, 08221 Terrassa, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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Development of Ginkgo ( Ginkgo biloba) Nut Starch Films Containing Cinnamon ( Cinnamomum zeylanicum) Leaf Essential Oil. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206114. [PMID: 34684693 PMCID: PMC8537083 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There have been many studies on the development biodegradable films using starch isolated from various food sources as a substitute for synthetic plastic packaging films. In this study, starch was extracted from ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) nuts, which were mainly discarded and considered an environment hazard. The prepared starch (GBS) was then used for the preparation of antioxidant films by incorporating various amounts of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) essential oil (CZEO), which provides antioxidant activity. The prepared GBS films with CZEO were characterized by measuring physical, optical, and thermal properties, along with antioxidant activity (ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP) measurements. With the increasing amount of CZEO, the flexibility and antioxidant activities of the GBS films increased proportionally, whereas the tensile strength of the films decreased. The added CZEO also increased the water vapor permeability of the GBS films, and the microstructure of the GBS films was homogeneous overall. Therefore, the obtained results indicate that the developed GBS films containing CZEO are applicable as antioxidant food packaging.
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de Freitas TSM, Garcia VADS, Filgueiras CT, Velasco JI, Fakhouri FM. Production of Edible Films Based on Pea Starch with Incorporation of Active Compounds Obtained from the Purple Araçá ( Psidium myrtoides). Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13183134. [PMID: 34578033 PMCID: PMC8472461 DOI: 10.3390/polym13183134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to incorporate the active compounds present in purple araçá (Psidium myrtoides) in pea starch-based films and to verify the influence of different plasticizers (glycerol, sorbitol, and polyethylene glycol 400) on film properties. Films were produced and characterized in relation to visual appearance, active compounds, antimicrobial activity, and mechanical and barrier properties. Pea starch has a high amylose content and a final viscosity of 5371.5 RVU, which contributes to the elaboration of films even without the addition of plasticizers. Purple araçá and pea starch formed films with good water vapor barrier characteristics (0.398 g·mm/m2·h·KPa) and low solubility (33.30%). Among plasticizers, sorbitol promoted a lower permeability to water vapor. The selected formulations, 0%, 20%, and 30% sorbitol, presented a high concentration of phenolic compounds (1194.55, 1115.47, and 1042.10 mg GAE 100 g−1, respectively) and were able to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. Therefore, films contained the active compounds of purple araçá and potential to be used as food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vitor Augusto dos Santos Garcia
- Faculty of Engineering, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados 79804-970, Brazil; (T.S.M.d.F.); (V.A.d.S.G.); (C.T.F.)
- Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Cristina Tostes Filgueiras
- Faculty of Engineering, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados 79804-970, Brazil; (T.S.M.d.F.); (V.A.d.S.G.); (C.T.F.)
| | - José Ignacio Velasco
- Poly2 Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC BarcelonaTech), Carrer Colon 11, 08222 Terrassa, Spain;
| | - Farayde Matta Fakhouri
- Poly2 Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC BarcelonaTech), Carrer Colon 11, 08222 Terrassa, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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Koschevic MT, Araújo RP, Garcia VA, Fakhouri FM, Oliveira KMP, Arruda EJ, Dufresne A, Martelli SM. Antimicrobial activity of bleached cattail fibers (
Typha domingensis
) impregnated with silver nanoparticles and benzalkonium chloride. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marivane Turim Koschevic
- Environmental Science and Technology, Faculty of Exact Sciences and Technology Federal University of Grande Dourados Dourados Brazil
| | - Renata Pires Araújo
- Environmental Science and Technology, Faculty of Exact Sciences and Technology Federal University of Grande Dourados Dourados Brazil
| | | | - Farayde Matta Fakhouri
- Faculty of Engineering Federal University of Grande Dourados Dourados Brazil
- Poly 2 Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya (UPC BarcelonaTech) Terrassa Spain
| | - Kelly Mari Pires Oliveira
- Environmental Science and Technology, Faculty of Exact Sciences and Technology Federal University of Grande Dourados Dourados Brazil
| | - Eduardo José Arruda
- Environmental Science and Technology, Faculty of Exact Sciences and Technology Federal University of Grande Dourados Dourados Brazil
| | - Alain Dufresne
- Grenoble INP, LGP2 University Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France
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