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Privar Y, Skatova A, Maiorova M, Golikov A, Boroda A, Bratskaya S. Tuning Mechanical Properties, Swelling, and Enzymatic Degradation of Chitosan Cryogels Using Diglycidyl Ethers of Glycols with Different Chain Length as Cross-Linkers. Gels 2024; 10:483. [PMID: 39057506 PMCID: PMC11276332 DOI: 10.3390/gels10070483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cross-linking chitosan at room and subzero temperature using a series of diglycidyl ethers of glycols (DEs)-ethylene glycol (EGDE), 1,4-butanediol (BDDE), and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEGDE) has been investigated to demonstrate that DEs can be a more powerful alternative to glutaraldehyde (GA) for fabrication of biocompatible chitosan cryogels with tunable properties. Gelation of chitosan with DEs was significantly slower than with GA, allowing formation of cryogels with larger pores and higher permeability, more suitable for flow-through applications and cell culturing. Increased hydration of the cross-links with increased DE chain length weakened intermolecular hydrogen bonding in chitosan and improved cryogel elasticity. At high cross-linking ratios (DE:chitosan 1:4), the toughness and compressive strength of the cryogels decreased in the order EGDE > BDDE > PEGDE. By varying the DE chain length and concentration, permeable chitosan cryogels with elasticity moduli from 10.4 ± 0.8 to 41 ± 3 kPa, toughness from 2.68 ± 0.5 to 8.3 ± 0.1 kJ/m3, and compressive strength at 75% strain from 11 ± 2 to 33 ± 4 kPa were fabricated. Susceptibility of cryogels to enzymatic hydrolysis was identified as the parameter most sensitive to cross-linking conditions. Weight loss of cryogels increased with increased DE chain length, and degradation rate of PEGDE-cross-linked chitosan decreased 612-fold, when the cross-linker concentration increased 20-fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Privar
- Institute of Chemistry Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Prosp. 100-Letiya Vladivostoka, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Anna Skatova
- Institute of Chemistry Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Prosp. 100-Letiya Vladivostoka, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Mariya Maiorova
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 17, Palchevskogo Street, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Alexey Golikov
- Institute of Chemistry Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Prosp. 100-Letiya Vladivostoka, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Andrey Boroda
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 17, Palchevskogo Street, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Svetlana Bratskaya
- Institute of Chemistry Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Prosp. 100-Letiya Vladivostoka, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
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2
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Zerbinati N, Płatkowska A, Guida S, Stabile G, Mocchi R, Barlusconi C, Sommatis S, Garutti L, Rauso R, Cipolla G, Bettolini L, Bighetti S. Efficacy and Safety of Neauvia Intense in Correcting Moderate-to-Severe Nasolabial Folds: A Post-Market, Prospective, Open-Label, Single-Centre Study. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2024; 17:1351-1363. [PMID: 38881701 PMCID: PMC11178092 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s460973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Purpose This prospective, single-center study aims to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of NEAUVIA Intense, a PEG cross-linked polymeric hydrogel, in correcting moderate-to-severe nasolabial folds (NLF) in a routine clinical setting. The study investigates the aesthetic outcomes, patient satisfaction, and adverse events associated with the injectable filler. Patients and Methods Seventy patients were initially enrolled, with 60 meeting study parameters. The post-market study involved a single session treatment, employing NEAUVIA Intense on each side of the NLF. Assessments utilized the Modified Fitzpatrick Wrinkle Scale (MFWS), Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS), and Visual Analogical Scale (VAS). Results The study demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in tissue depression immediately post-injection (p < 0.001), with sustained effects up to 6 months. MFWS assessments revealed that responder patients were 96.6% immediately after treatment, 76.6% one month, 48.3% after 3 months, and 28.3% at 6 months (p < 0.001). Additionally, there was a significant change in the frequency distribution of MFWS scores post-treatment (p < 0.001), with the majority of patients experiencing improvement in tissue depression. Maximum improvement was observed at 30- and 90-days post-treatment based on GAIS assessments. Patient and physician satisfaction, measured by VAS, remained stable over time, with fluctuations at 4 and 24 weeks after treatment (p < 0.001, Anova; p < 0.05, Wilcoxon). Throughout the entire follow-up duration of the patients enrolled in the study, no adverse effects related to the use of the product were observed. Conclusion NEAUVIA Intense proved to be an effective solution for correcting NLF, providing significant and lasting improvements in tissue depression and aesthetic outcomes. The study underscores the necessity for continuous assessment in aesthetic medicine to align outcomes with evolving patient expectations and optimize long-term results. The findings contribute to the understanding of this specific hydrogel filler and highlight the broader context of injectable fillers in comprehensive facial aesthetic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Płatkowska
- Dermatology Unit, Anclara Health &Aesthetics, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stefania Guida
- Dermatology Unit, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Dermatology Clinic, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Stabile
- Dermatology Unit, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Dermatology Clinic, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Mocchi
- Microbiology and Biochemistry Department, UB-CARE S.r.l.-Spin-off, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Chiara Barlusconi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Sabrina Sommatis
- Microbiology and Biochemistry Department, UB-CARE S.r.l.-Spin-off, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Leonardo Garutti
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Raffaele Rauso
- Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Clinica Parioli, Rome, Italy
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Perera GGG, Argenta DF, Caon T. The rheology of injectable hyaluronic acid hydrogels used as facial fillers: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131880. [PMID: 38677707 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Injectable hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels have been popularized in facial aesthetics as they provide a long-lasting effect, low risk of complications, allergenicity tests are not required before application and can be easily removed by the action of hyaluronidases. On the other hand, the development of these systems requires in-depth studies of chemical mechanisms involved in hydrogel formation. Ideal dermal fillers should temporarily fluidize during extrusion through the needle and quickly recover their original shape after application. Hydrogels with more elastic properties, for example, are difficult to inject while viscous materials are too liquid. A balance between both properties should be achieved. Each region of the face requires products with distinct rheological properties. High G' dermal fillers are preferable for deeper wrinkles whereas the counterpart with lower values of G' is more indicated in superficial wrinkles or lip augmentation. Factors such as molecular weight and concentration of HA, pH, type and concentration of the crosslinking agent, particle size, crosslinking reaction time and crosslinking agent/polysaccharide ratio should be modulated to achieve specific rheological properties. In this review, the effect of each variable is discussed in detail to guide the rational development of new dermal fillers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giordana Gabriela Guilande Perera
- Laboratory of Cosmetic & Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Debora Fretes Argenta
- Laboratory of Cosmetic & Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Thiago Caon
- Laboratory of Cosmetic & Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil.
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Lu W, Wang X, Kong C, Chen S, Hu C, Zhang J. Hydrogel Based on Riclin Cross-Linked with Polyethylene Glycol Diglycidyl Ether as a Soft Filler for Tissue Engineering. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:1119-1132. [PMID: 38252967 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogels composed of natural polysaccharides have been widely used as filling materials, with a growing interest in medical cosmetology and skin care. However, conventional commercial dermal fillers still have limitations, particularly in terms of mechanical performance and durability in vivo. In this study, a novel injectable and implantable hydrogel with adjustable characteristics was prepared from succinoglycan riclin by introducing PEG diglycidyl ether as a cross-linker. FTIR spectra confirmed the cross-linking reaction. The riclin hydrogels exhibited shear-thinning behavior, excellent mechanical properties, and cytocompatibility through in vitro experiments. Furthermore, when compared with subcutaneous injection of a commercial hyaluronic acid hydrogel, the riclin hydrogels showed enhanced persistence and biocompatibility in Balb/c mice after 16 weeks. These results demonstrate the great potential of the riclin-based hydrogel as an alternative to conventional commercial soft tissue fillers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiling Lu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
- Key Laboratory of Metabolic Engineering and Biosynthesis Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xianjin Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
- Key Laboratory of Metabolic Engineering and Biosynthesis Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Changchang Kong
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
- Key Laboratory of Metabolic Engineering and Biosynthesis Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Shijunyin Chen
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
- Key Laboratory of Metabolic Engineering and Biosynthesis Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Chengtao Hu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
- Key Laboratory of Metabolic Engineering and Biosynthesis Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jianfa Zhang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
- Key Laboratory of Metabolic Engineering and Biosynthesis Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
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5
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Zerbinati N, D'Este E, De Silvestri A, Zullino M, Rabbiosi G, Guida S, Kubik P, Stabile G, Mocchi R, Barlusconi C, Sommatis S, Cipolla G. Efficacy of Pegylated Hyaluronic Acid Filler Enriched with Calcium Hydroxyapatite: A 24-Week Post-Market, Observational, Prospective, Open-Label, Single-Center Study. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:345. [PMID: 37504840 PMCID: PMC10381780 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14070345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, thanks to the greater discovery of the mechanisms of facial aging, an alternative to invasive plastic surgery has found space with less invasive aesthetic procedures, also based on an increasingly pressing request. We are specifically referring to dermal filler injection into or under the skin which leads to immediate rejuvenation and aesthetic improvements. In this study, we wanted to analyze the results obtained through the use of NEAUVIA Organic Stimulate, particularly with regard to its effectiveness, which is a cross-linked polymeric hydrogel, containing stabilized sodium hyaluronate 26 mg/mL and calcium hydroxyapatite (1%), glycine and L-proline in buffer pyrogen-free water, in its main indication, namely, the temporary correction of congenital and acquired deficiencies of the soft tissues of the face by intradermal injection. Initially, 70 patients were enrolled, but 10 did not complete the study due to non-observance of the investigation rules, so they were excluded from the protocol. The collected data demonstrate an efficient mechanical effect of the pegylated polymeric acid matrix enriched with low concertation of calcium hydroxyapatite and in accordance with other evidence in vitro and in vivo, and the mechanical support of the interstitial connective space improves the homestays of the anatomical layer rebalancing the physiological activity of the dermis cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Zerbinati
- Dermatologic Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Edoardo D'Este
- Dermatologic Unit, Centro Medico Polispecialistico, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Annalisa De Silvestri
- Unit of Clinic Epidemiology and Biometric Scientific Direction, Foundation IRCCS Policlinic San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Zullino
- Department of Mathematics and Applications, University of Milan Bicocca, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Giulio Rabbiosi
- Dermatologic Unit, Centro Medico Polispecialistico, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefania Guida
- Meidicine and Surgery Department, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Dermatology Clinic, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20158 Milan, Italy
| | - Paweł Kubik
- Centrum Medyczne dr Kubik, Skwer Kościuszki 15/17, 81-370 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Giorgio Stabile
- Meidicine and Surgery Department, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Dermatology Clinic, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20158 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Mocchi
- UB-CARE S.r.l.-Spin-Off, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Chiara Barlusconi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Dermatology, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Sabrina Sommatis
- Centrum Medyczne dr Kubik, Skwer Kościuszki 15/17, 81-370 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Giovanna Cipolla
- Dermatologic Unit, Centro Medico Polispecialistico, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Budai L, Budai M, Fülöpné Pápay ZE, Vilimi Z, Antal I. Rheological Considerations of Pharmaceutical Formulations: Focus on Viscoelasticity. Gels 2023; 9:469. [PMID: 37367140 DOI: 10.3390/gels9060469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlling rheological properties offers the opportunity to gain insight into the physical characteristics, structure, stability and drug release rate of formulations. To better understand the physical properties of hydrogels, not only rotational but also oscillatory experiments should be performed. Viscoelastic properties, including elastic and viscous properties, are measured using oscillatory rheology. The gel strength and elasticity of hydrogels are of great importance for pharmaceutical development as the application of viscoelastic preparations has considerably expanded in recent decades. Viscosupplementation, ophthalmic surgery and tissue engineering are just a few examples from the wide range of possible applications of viscoelastic hydrogels. Hyaluronic acid, alginate, gellan gum, pectin and chitosan are remarkable representatives of gelling agents that attract great attention applied in biomedical fields. This review provides a brief summary of rheological properties, highlighting the viscoelasticity of hydrogels with great potential in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Budai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Semmelweis University, 1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marianna Budai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Semmelweis University, 1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Zsófia Vilimi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Semmelweis University, 1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Antal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Semmelweis University, 1092 Budapest, Hungary
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7
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Tcherdyntsev VV. Reinforced Polymer Composites III. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092069. [PMID: 37177215 PMCID: PMC10180820 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of modern technology requires the development of new materials with improved operational and technological properties [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor V Tcherdyntsev
- Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Leninskii Prosp, 4, 119049 Moscow, Russia
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8
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Buckley C, Murphy EJ, Montgomery TR, Major I. Hyaluronic Acid: A Review of the Drug Delivery Capabilities of This Naturally Occurring Polysaccharide. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173442. [PMID: 36080515 PMCID: PMC9460006 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The inclusion of physiologically active molecules into a naturally occurring polymer matrix can improve the degradation, absorption, and release profile of the drug, thus boosting the therapeutic impact and potentially even reducing the frequency of administration. The human body produces significant amounts of polysaccharide hyaluronic acid, which boasts exceptional biocompatibility, biodegradability, and one-of-a-kind physicochemical features. In this review, we will examine the clinical trials currently utilizing hyaluronic acid and address the bright future of this versatile polymer, as well as summarize the numerous applications of hyaluronic acid in drug delivery and immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara Buckley
- PRISM Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland
- Biosciences Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon, V94 EC5T Limerick, Ireland
| | - Emma J. Murphy
- PRISM Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland
- LIFE Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon, V94 EC5T Limerick, Ireland
| | - Therese R. Montgomery
- School of Science and Computing, Atlantic Technological University, H91 T8NW Galway, Ireland
| | - Ian Major
- PRISM Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland
- Correspondence:
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9
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Modification and preparation of four natural hydrogels and their application in biopharmaceutical delivery. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04412-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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10
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Rheological Investigation as Tool to Assess Physicochemical Stability of a Hyaluronic Acid Dermal Filler Cross-Linked with Polyethylene Glycol Diglycidyl Ether and Containing Calcium Hydroxyapatite, Glycine and L-Proline. Gels 2022; 8:gels8050264. [PMID: 35621562 PMCID: PMC9140203 DOI: 10.3390/gels8050264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Dermal fillers are commonly used in aesthetic practice and their rheological characterization is of much interest today, as well as the stability study of the finished formula against external stimuli of a different nature (biological and physicochemical). Rheological tools have been exploited to characterize the physiochemical behaviour of a hyaluronic acid (HA) based dermal filler subjected to different thermal conditions over time. The collected results provide an index of its rheological stability. (2) Methods: After a preliminary Amplitude sweep test, the Frequency sweep test was performed in order to study the stability of a HA dermal filler cross-linked with Polyethylene Glycol Diglycidyl Ether (PEGDE) and containing Calcium Hydroxyapatite (CaHA), Glycine and L-Proline subjected to different conditions. Also, a shear rate ramp test was performed in order to investigate the filler’s flow behavior. (3) Results and Conclusions: G’ (elastic modulus), G’’ (viscous modulus) and consequentially tan δ (tangent of the phase angle) show a similar trend at different thermal conditions, underlining that the product is not affected by the storage conditions. The viscosity of the dermal filler decreases with an increasing shear rate, so a non-Newtonian shear thinning pseudoplastic behavior was demonstrated in all tested conditions.
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11
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Hyaluronidase injection vs direct surgery in surgical rhinoplasty patients treated with non-surgical nasal reshaping with hyaluronic acid filler: a systematic review. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLASTIC SURGERY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00238-021-01916-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Rauso R, Nicoletti GF, Bove P, Rauso GM, Fragola R, Lo Giudice G, Zerbinati N. Clinical Experience with PEGylated Hyaluronic Acid Fillers: A 3-year Retrospective Study. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.6457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Hyaluronic acid fillers are the most used worldwide, thanks to the high biocompatibility and safety profile of HA and it is also the only substance that can be “dissolved” due to the hyaluronidase effect.
AIM: A retrospective clinical evaluation of the outcomes following PEG cross-linked HA-based filler injection was performed.
METHODS: Data were collected from December 2017 to June 2020. A total of 65 patients (12 M, 53 F), age ranging 28–62 year’s old (mean age 42.3), were treated. Exclusion criteria were applied and in accord to treatment plan, were used specific site injections and fillers. Follow-up was evaluated between 6 months and 2 years.
RESULTS: A total of 61 treatments using 124 vials of HA filler crosslinked with PEG were performed.
CONCLUSION: In conclusion, from 2014, HA fillers having PEG as cross-linker agent have been introduced in the european market. Several papers have been published in order to evaluate the features of these fillers, although, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first clinical paper regarding their use.
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Zerbinati N, Sommatis S, Maccario C, Capillo MC, Grimaldi G, Alonci G, Rauso R, Guida S, Mocchi R. Comparative Physicochemical Analysis among 1,4-Butanediol Diglycidyl Ether Cross-Linked Hyaluronic Acid Dermal Fillers. Gels 2021; 7:139. [PMID: 34563025 PMCID: PMC8482174 DOI: 10.3390/gels7030139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Injectable hyaluronic acid (HA) dermal fillers are used in several chirurgical practices and in aesthetic medicine. HA filler stability can be enhanced through different cross-linking technologies; one of the most frequently cross-linker used is 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDDE), also present in the HA-BDDE dermal filler family of the company Matex Lab S.p.A. (Brindisi, Italy). Our overview is focused on their characterization, drawing a correlation between matrix structure, rheological and physicochemical properties related to their cross-linking technologies. (2) Methods: Four different injectable HA hydrogels were characterized through optical microscopic examination and rheological behavior investigation. (3) Results: The cross-linked HA dermal fillers showed a fibrous "spiderweb-like" matrix structure and an elastic and solid-like profile. (4) Conclusions: The comparative analysis represents a preliminary characterization of these injectable medical devices in order to identify their best field of application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Zerbinati
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy;
| | - Sabrina Sommatis
- UB-CARE S.r.l.-Spin-off University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.S.); (C.M.); (M.C.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Cristina Maccario
- UB-CARE S.r.l.-Spin-off University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.S.); (C.M.); (M.C.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Maria Chiara Capillo
- UB-CARE S.r.l.-Spin-off University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.S.); (C.M.); (M.C.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Giulia Grimaldi
- UB-CARE S.r.l.-Spin-off University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.S.); (C.M.); (M.C.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Giuseppe Alonci
- Department of Research and Development, Matex Lab Switzerland SA, 1228 Geneve, Switzerland;
| | - Raffaele Rauso
- Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
| | - Stefania Guida
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences Related to Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy;
| | - Roberto Mocchi
- UB-CARE S.r.l.-Spin-off University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.S.); (C.M.); (M.C.C.); (G.G.)
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14
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Non-Surgical Touch-Up with Hyaluronic Acid Fillers Following Facial Reconstructive Surgery. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11167507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The use of hyaluronic acid (HA) injectable fillers has become increasingly widespread in facial recontouring and rejuvenation. We report our experiences to emphasize the role of HA fillers as tools beyond aesthetic treatments in cases of post-surgical facial sequelae. HA fillers are generally used for aesthetic rejuvenation, but one potential new horizon could be their application in trauma, reconstructive, and craniofacial surgery. This study was conducted retrospectively, evaluating medical reports of patients treated at the Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, for lip incompetence, trauma, oncological, reconstructive, and craniosynostosis surgery sequelae. Visual analog scale (VAS) evaluation was performed to assess patient satisfaction. No major complications (i.e., impending necrosis or visual loss) were reported. Bruising and swelling was reported for 48 h after lip injection. At the immediate VAS evaluation, 67% of the patients were “extremely satisfied” and 33% “satisfied”. In those 33%, VAS scores changed to “extremely satisfied” at 6–9 weeks and 3–6 months of VAS evaluation (contextually to improvement in tissue flexibility, elasticity, and aesthetic appearance). Results indicate that this minimally invasive approach achieves a high level of aesthetic enhancement, improving patient satisfaction. The concept of HA filler applications could be a frontier that may be applicable to other areas of reconstructive facial plastic surgery.
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