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Kaurani P, Hindocha A, Porwal A, Tambe A, Price C, Goel V, Krasner H, Khubchandani J, Batra K. Effect of Addition of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles on the Strength of Heat-Cured Denture Base Resins: Protocol for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of In Vitro Studies. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e59999. [PMID: 39321454 DOI: 10.2196/59999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metal oxide nanoparticle-reinforced polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) has been shown to improve mechanical properties, such as strength. Different types of metal oxide nanoparticles have been used previously, but the comparative effect on the strength of heat-cured denture base resins remains unclear. OBJECTIVE This is a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis that will aim to pool evidence to compare and analyze the effects of the addition of different metal oxide nanoparticles, with varied sizes and concentrations, on the strength (flexural, impact, transverse, compressive tensile strength, and fracture toughness) of heat-cured PMMA. In addition, this review aims to analyze methodological factors, such as adherence to testing and sample-making guidelines, and the effects of surface treatments of the nanoparticles on the strength of heat-cured denture base resins. METHODS The protocol has been registered in the Open Science Framework. Search strategies to identify studies on the effect of metal oxide nanoparticles on the strength of heat-cured PMMA were developed by the subject matter expert in library science. Following this, a systematic search of 5 electronic databases (PubMed [NCBI], Scopus [Elsevier], Cochrane Library [Wiley], CINAHL Plus with Full Text [EBSCO], and Dimensions Free Web App) was conducted to retrieve in vitro studies published in English from January 2012 to October 2023. Along with this citation chasing, other online sources and gray literature were also searched. Furthermore, papers will be screened, and appropriate data elements will be extracted in a standardized manner. A risk-of-bias assessment will be performed using a modified Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. A meta-analysis will be performed using a random-effects model. RESULTS Search in databases resulted in 1837 papers, of which 1752 were duplicates, leaving 85 records that were screened for titles and abstracts based on the eligibility criteria. A similar search run on other online sources identified 129 papers that will be further analyzed for inclusion. The study was initiated in November 2023 and research questions and search strategies were formulated. The proposed study is expected to be completed by December 2024. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review will comprehensively analyze the effects of the incorporation of metal oxide nanoparticles in heat-cured denture base resins on the strength of the material. We anticipate gaining a deeper understanding of the effects and method of use of metal oxide nanoparticles to improve the strength of PMMA denture base resins. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/59999.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragati Kaurani
- Department of Prosthodontics Crown and Bridge, Mahatma Gandhi Dental College and Hospital, Jaipur, India
| | - Amit Hindocha
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Sinhgad Dental College and Hospital, Pune, India
| | - Amit Porwal
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abhijit Tambe
- Department of Prosthodontics Crown and Bridge, Sau Mathurabai Bhausaheb Thorat Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Nashik, India
| | - Carrie Price
- Albert S Cook Library, Towson University, Towson, MD, United States
| | - Vidhani Goel
- School of Public Health, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Henry Krasner
- Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Jagdish Khubchandani
- College of Health, Education, and Social Transformation, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | - Kavita Batra
- Department of Medical Education, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, Las Vegas, NV, United States
- Office of Research, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, Las Vegas, NV, United States
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Chladek G, Adeeb S, Pakieła W, Coto NP. Effect of Different Surface Treatments as Methods of Improving the Mechanical Properties after Repairs of PMMA for Dentures. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3254. [PMID: 38998337 PMCID: PMC11242954 DOI: 10.3390/ma17133254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Denture fractures are a common problem in dental practice, and their repair is considered a first option to restore their functional properties. However, the inter-material resistance may become compromised. Typically, the bond between these materials weakens. Therefore, various surface treatment methods may be considered to enhance their mechanical properties. Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) heat-polymerized resin (HPR) was used as the repaired material, cold-polymerized material (CPR) for the repairs, and different variants of alumina abrasive blasting (AB), methyl methacrylate (M), ethyl acetate (EA), methylene chloride (CH), and isopropyl alcohol (IA) treatments were applied. Finally, combined surface treatments were chosen and analyzed. Surface morphologies after treatments were observed by scanning electron microscopy and the flexural, shear, and impact strengths were tested. AB and chemical treatment with CH, M, and EA was used to improve all mechanical properties, and further improvement of the properties could be achieved by combining both types of treatments. Varied changes in surface morphologies were observed. Treatment with IA yielded less favorable results due to the low impact strength. The best results were achieved for the combination of AB and CH, but during the application of CH it was necessary to strictly control the exposure time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Chladek
- Materials Research Laboratory, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 18a Konarskiego Str., 41-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Sandra Adeeb
- Adeeb Clinic, 73/1 Legionów Polskich Str., 41-300 Dąbrowa Górnicza, Poland
| | - Wojciech Pakieła
- Department of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 18a Konarskiego Str., 41-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Neide Pena Coto
- Division of Maxillofacial Prosthesis/Sports Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
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Anitha KV, Krishnan R. Evaluation of flexural strength and microhardness in Vaccinium macrocarpon (cranberry)-added self-cure polymethyl methacrylate dental resin: An in vitro study. J Indian Prosthodont Soc 2024; 24:266-272. [PMID: 38946510 PMCID: PMC11321482 DOI: 10.4103/jips.jips_25_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM Occurrence of denture stomatitis and prosthesis breakage are common problems faced by elderly people wearing removable dentures. To overcome this, several attempts are made to improve the denture material by addition of antimicrobials without compromising original properties. The aim of the study was to evaluate flexural strength and microhardness of self-cured polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture base resin after addition of Vaccinium macrocarpon (commonly called as cranberry), extract as antimicrobial, at varying proportions. STUDY SETTING AND DESIGN Experimental in vitro study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Frozen cranberry fruits were subjected to extraction process in the presence of aqueous solvents. Lyophilized extract was added in proportions of 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 dry wt/wt % into polymer of self-cure PMMA denture base resin. Based on cranberry inclusion, the study comprised one control (0%) and four test groups (0.5%-2%) with total of 100 samples. A three-point bending test for flexural strength was done for fifty study samples (n = 10). Surface of fractured samples was analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Microhardness was determined using Vickers hardness test. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED One-way statistical ANOVA test was done to find the difference between groups, followed by Tukey's post hoc test for multiple pairwise comparison. RESULTS Flexural strength ranged from 66.80 to 69.28 MPa, and a statistically insignificant difference was observed between groups (P > 0.05). SEM evaluation showed uniformly dispersed strands of cranberry extract in PMMA matrix. With higher concentration, less voids were seen. Vickers microhardness value significantly decreased from 15.96 in the control group to 14.57 with 2% cranberry addition (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Incorporation of cranberry extract into self-cure PMMA denture base resin, up to 2 dry wt %, did not decline the flexural strength. However, there was a significant decrease in Vickers microhardness values when compared against the control group (0% cranberry inclusion).
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Affiliation(s)
- K. V. Anitha
- Department of Prosthodontics, SRM Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajkumar Krishnan
- Department of Oral Pathology, SRM Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Kim MC, Byeon DJ, Jeong EJ, Go HB, Yang SY. Color stability, surface, and physicochemical properties of three-dimensional printed denture base resin reinforced with different nanofillers. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1842. [PMID: 38253714 PMCID: PMC10803297 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51486-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Various materials have been introduced for the three-dimensional (3D) printing of dentures. In this study, the color stability and surface and physicochemical properties of 3D-printed denture base resins with four types of nanofiller particles were evaluated. Al2O3, ZnO, CeZr, and SiO2 nanofillers were added to a 3D printable denture base-resin matrix and subjected to digital light processing. The specimens were immersed in Coke, coffee, black tea, or distilled water for 6 days. For the assessment of color differences, 6 samples were analyzed using a spectrophotometer. In a separate investigation, surface properties of 10 samples were examined, while a different set of 6 samples was used to analyze water sorption and solubility. All experimental groups exhibited higher color stability in Coke than the control group. However, the groups containing ZnO and CeZr had lower color stability in coffee and black tea than the control group. Moreover, they had agglomerated nanofillers and lower gloss than the control group. Compared with that of the control group, the contact angle of the CeZr group and microhardness of the ZnO group were not significantly different. Water sorption was higher in the Al2O3 group, whereas the solubility of the experimental and control groups was not statistically significant. The results demonstrated the significant effect of ZnO and CeZr nanofillers on the color stability of the dentures when exposed to discoloring beverages. These results will facilitate the development of fillers that enhance the resistance of 3D printed denture base resins to discoloration in the oral environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Chae Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Konyang University, 158 Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Jung Byeon
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Konyang University, 158 Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Eo-Jin Jeong
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Konyang University, 158 Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Bin Go
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Song-Yi Yang
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Konyang University, 158 Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea.
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Khan AA, Alkhureif AA, Awaiyer MS, Bautista LSJ. Surface, mechanical and chemical properties of modified denture resin using natural biopolymer. Pak J Med Sci 2023; 39:1631-1636. [PMID: 37936770 PMCID: PMC10626063 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.39.6.7837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This laboratory study determined the surface, mechanical and chemical properties of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture resin reinforced with micron-sized Gum Arabic (GA) powder in different weight ratios. Methods This laboratory study was conducted at the Dental Health Department of the College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from November 2022 to February 2023. Three experimental denture resins were prepared by incorporating GA powder in heat-polymerized PMMA powder using different wt.% (5, 10, and 20 wt.%). While pristine PMMA served as the control group. A total of ten bar-shaped specimens with dimensions of 65 mm × 10 mm × 3.5 mm were prepared for each study group. The surface properties (micro CT and SEM evaluation), mechanical properties (Nanohardness, elastic modulus and flexural strength) and chemical properties (FTIR) were conducted. The data were statistically analyzed using the one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc tests (p<0.05). Results The surface and bulk properties of experimental GA-reinforced PMMA resin materials deteriorated while the mechanical properties were also negatively altered using GA-based PMMA denture resin. A linear correlation was observed between weak mechanical properties and increasing wt.% of GA in denture resin. Conclusions The incorporation of GA powder in denture resin might not be a viable option. The surface and mechanical properties of experimental PMMA composites were adversely affected compared to the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aftab Ahmed Khan
- Aftab Ahmed Khan, PhD, MSc, M.Bioeth, B.D.S., Researcher, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Abdullah Alkhureif
- Abdul Aziz Abdullah Alkhureif, PhD, MSc, B.Dent Tech, Professor, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meshal Saeed Awaiyer
- Meshal Saeed Awaiyer, B.Dent Tech, Teaching Demonstrator, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leonel S J Bautista
- Leonel S J Bautista, B.D.S., Researcher, Dental and Oral Rehabilitation Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Kaul S, Ahmed S, Nandini VV, Lathief J, Boruah S. Evaluation of Physical Properties of Denture Base Resins Containing Silver Nanoparticles of Aloe barbadensis Miller, Morinda citrifolia, and Boesenbergia rotunda and Its Anti-microbial Effect: An In Vitro Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e48260. [PMID: 38054116 PMCID: PMC10695085 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The denture bases fabricated from polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) have some disadvantages, such as surface prone to microbial growth and biofilm accumulation, which contributes to the onset and dissemination of infections among denture wearers. Therefore, the purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the flexural strength, hardness, and antimicrobial effect of denture base resin incorporated with 0.05% and 0.1% silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) of Aloe barbadensis miller (aloe vera), Morinda citrifolia (noni), and Boesenbergia rotunda (finger root). Materials and methods A total of 84 PMMA samples were used and were divided into three groups. Flexural strength tests were performed on Group 1 PMMA blocks. Group 2 involved hardness testing of PMMA blocks, whereas Group 3 involved antimicrobial activity. Each group was subsequently split into seven subgroups with differing concentrations of AgNPs: Sub Group 1: control (no AgNPs), Sub Group 2: 0.05% aloe vera AgNPs, Sub Group 3: 0.1% aloe vera AgNPs, Sub Group 4: 0.05% noni AgNPs, Sub Group 5: 0.1% of noni AgNPs, Sub Group 6: 0.05% finger root AgNPs, and Sub Group 7: 0.1% finger root AgNPs. The flexural strength was evaluated using a universal testing machine (Instron 8801). Surface hardness was measured using a Vickers tester (Tukon 1102). For the antimicrobial activity analysis, the samples were incubated in a suitable culture broth containing Candida albicans for 24 hours. Microbial colony count (colony-forming unit (CFU)/mL) was estimated to evaluate the microbial adhesion to the surface of the denture base materials. Statistical analysis The flexural strength, hardness, and CFU between the groups were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by multiple comparisons with Tukey's honest significant difference (HSD) test (α=0.05). The level of statistical significance was determined at p<0.05. Results It was observed that the mean flexural strength was maximum in PMMA incorporated with 0.05% of aloe vera AgNPs and least in PMMA incorporated with 0.1% noni AgNPs. It was seen that a steady loss in flexural strength is observed from 0.05% to 0.1%. The mean hardness was maximum in PMMA incorporated with 0.1% of noni AgNPs and least in PMMA incorporated with 0.05% aloe vera AgNPs. It was also found that the hardness was directly proportional to the number of nanoparticles. With an increase in the weight percentage of nanoparticles, a steady increase in hardness was seen in all the test groups. In our study, the results showed that finger root 0.1% showed the least CFU with a significant reduction of C. albicans adherence; therefore, it indicates higher anti-fungal activity. Aloe vera 0.05% showed the lowest inhibition of C. albicans, suggesting the least anti-fungal activity. Conclusion Within the limitations of this study, It can thus be concluded that the addition of AgNPs incorporated with plant extracts of Aloe barbadensis miller (aloe vera), Morinda citrifolia (noni), and Boesenbergia rotunda (finger root) can alter the flexural strength, hardness, and microbial adhesion of PMMA. In our study, it can be concluded that flexural strength increases with the addition of AgNPs of 0.5% concentration after which a steady loss is seen. However, the hardness and antimicrobial activity increased with an increase in the concentration of AgNPs in all three plant extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saguna Kaul
- Prosthodontics, Sri Ramaswamy Memorial (SRM) Kattankulathur Dental College, Chennai, IND
| | - Shafath Ahmed
- Prosthodontics, Sri Ramaswamy Memorial (SRM) Kattankulathur Dental College, Chennai, IND
| | - Vidyashree V Nandini
- Prosthodontics, Sri Ramaswamy Memorial (SRM) Kattankulathur Dental College, Chennai, IND
| | - Jailance Lathief
- Prosthodontics, Sri Ramaswamy Memorial (SRM) Kattankulathur Dental College, Chennai, IND
| | - Shiney Boruah
- Prosthodontics, Sri Ramaswamy Memorial (SRM) Kattankulathur Dental College, Chennai, IND
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Alhotan A, Abdelraouf RM, El-Korashy SA, Labban N, Alotaibi H, Matinlinna JP, Hamdy TM. Effect of Adding Silver-Doped Carbon Nanotube Fillers to Heat-Cured Acrylic Denture Base on Impact Strength, Microhardness, and Antimicrobial Activity: A Preliminary Study. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2976. [PMID: 37447621 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), is an acrylic polymer substance that is mostly used for denture base applications. The purpose of this laboratory study was to investigate the effect of adding 0.05 wt.% Ag-doped carbon nanotubes (CNT) to PMMA-based (PMMA and MMA) denture base material on the impact strength, microhardness, and antimicrobial activity. A total of 60 heat-cured acrylic resin specimens were prepared. The specimens were randomly divided into two main groups (n = 30/group), according to the powder used: (a) control group, using heat-cured PMMA; (b) treatment group, using a powder prepared by blending 0.05 wt.% silver-doped CNT nanoparticles with heat-cured PMMA. The impact strength, microhardness and anticandidal activity for each group were assessed via the Charpy, Vickers and agar diffusion tests, respectively (n = 10/test for each subgroup). Data were analyzed using independent-sample t-tests (p ≤ 0.05). The results of the impact strength test revealed that the treated heat-cured PMMA-MMA with Ag-doped CNT (2.2 kJ/mm2) was significantly higher than that of the control heat-cured PMMA (1.6 kJ/mm2). Similarly, the Vickers microhardness of the treatment group (52.7 VHN) was significantly higher than that of the control group (19.4 VHN). Regarding the agar diffusion test, after 24 h of incubation, the treated heat-cured PMMA with the Ag-doped CNT exhibited significantly higher anticandidal activity than that of the control group. Therefore, Ag-doped carbon nanotubes could be considered as promising fillers for the dental heat-cured acrylic resin to improve the resistance of the resultant denture against sudden fractures, scratching, and candida invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz Alhotan
- Department of Dental Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha M Abdelraouf
- Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo 11553, Egypt
| | - Sabry A El-Korashy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41511, Egypt
| | - Nawaf Labban
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Alotaibi
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jukka P Matinlinna
- Biomaterials Science, Division of Dentistry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Tamer M Hamdy
- Restorative and Dental Materials Department, Oral and Dental Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
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Ceylan G, Emik S, Yalcinyuva T, Sunbuloğlu E, Bozdag E, Unalan F. The Effects of Cross-Linking Agents on the Mechanical Properties of Poly (Methyl Methacrylate) Resin. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102387. [PMID: 37242962 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cross-linking agents are incorporated into denture base materials to improve their mechanical properties. This study investigated the effects of various cross-linking agents, with different cross-linking chain lengths and flexibilities, on the flexural strength, impact strength, and surface hardness of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). The cross-linking agents used were ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), tetraethylene glycol diacrylate (TEGDA), and polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate (PEGDMA). These agents were added to the methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer component in concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by volume and 10% by molecular weight. A total of 630 specimens, comprising 21 groups, were fabricated. Flexural strength and elastic modulus were assessed using a 3-point bending test, impact strength was measured via the Charpy type test, and surface Vickers hardness was determined. Statistical analyses were performed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test, Kruskal-Wallis Test, Mann-Whitney U Test, and ANOVA with post hoc Tamhane test (p ≤ 0.05). No significant increase in flexural strength, elastic modulus, or impact strength was observed in the cross-linking groups compared to conventional PMMA. However, surface hardness values notably decreased with the addition of 5% to 20% PEGDMA. The incorporation of cross-linking agents in concentrations ranging from 5% to 15% led to an improvement in the mechanical properties of PMMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulsum Ceylan
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34083, Turkey
| | - Serkan Emik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34320, Turkey
| | - Tuncer Yalcinyuva
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34320, Turkey
| | - Emin Sunbuloğlu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Laboratory of Biomechanics & Mechanics of Materials, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34437, Turkey
| | - Ergun Bozdag
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Laboratory of Biomechanics & Mechanics of Materials, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34437, Turkey
| | - Fatma Unalan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Kent University, Istanbul 34433, Turkey
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Effect of Particle Sizes and Contents of Surface Pre-Reacted Glass Ionomer Filler on Mechanical Properties of Auto-Polymerizing Resin. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:dj11030072. [PMID: 36975569 PMCID: PMC10047318 DOI: 10.3390/dj11030072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, the mechanical properties of an auto-polymerizing resin incorporated with a surface pre-reacted glass ionomer (S-PRG) filler were evaluated. For this, S-PRG fillers with particle sizes of 1 μm (S-PRG-1) and 3 μm (S-PRG-3) were mixed at 10, 20, 30, and 40 wt% to prepare experimental resin powders. The powders and a liquid (powder/liquid ratio = 1.0 g/0.5 mL) were kneaded and filled into a silicone mold to obtain rectangular specimens. The flexural strength and modulus (n = 12) were recorded via a three-point bending test. The flexural strengths of S-PRG-1 at 10 wt% (62.14 MPa) and S-PRG-3 at 10 and 20 wt% (68.68 and 62.70 MPa, respectively) were adequate (>60 MPa). The flexural modulus of the S-PRG-3-containing specimen was significantly higher than that of the S-PRG-1-containing specimen. Scanning electron microscopy observations of the specimen fracture surfaces after bending revealed that the S-PRG fillers were tightly embedded and scattered in the resin matrix. The Vickers hardness increased with an increasing filler content and size. The Vickers hardness of S-PRG-3 (14.86–15.48 HV) was higher than that of S-PRG-1 (13.48–14.97 HV). Thus, the particle size and content of the S-PRG filler affect the mechanical properties of the experimental auto-polymerizing resin.
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The Shear Bond Strength between Milled Denture Base Materials and Artificial Teeth: A Systematic Review. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:dj11030066. [PMID: 36975564 PMCID: PMC10046986 DOI: 10.3390/dj11030066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The data about bond strength between digitally produced denture base resins and artificial teeth are scarce. Several studies investigated shear bond strength values of milled denture base resins and different types of artificial teeth. The purpose of the present study was to compare and evaluate the available evidence through a systematic review. A bibliographic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to assess adequate studies published up to 1 June 2022. This review followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The appropriate studies that determined the shear bond strength values between milled denture base resins and artificial teeth were selected. The initial search identified 103 studies, which were included in the PRISMA 2020 flow diagram for new systematic reviews. Three studies met the inclusion criteria, and all of them present a moderate risk of bias (score 6). Two studies found no statistical differences between heat-polymerized and CAD/CAM (milled) denture base materials when attached with different types of artificial teeth, while one study showed higher values of CAD/CAM (milled) denture base materials. Bonding agents ensure bonding strength at least similar to the conventional methods. In order to improve the quality of future studies, it would be advantageous to use a larger number of specimens with standardized dimensions and a blinded testing machine operator to decrease the risk of bias.
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Alsadon O, Alkhureif AA, Khan AA. Effect of Gum Arabic powder on the mechanical properties of denture base acrylic. Pak J Med Sci 2023; 39:223-226. [PMID: 36694769 PMCID: PMC9842989 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.39.1.6937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to improve the mechanical properties of denture base material using various concentrations of natural biopolymer, i.e., Gum Arabic (GA). Methods This experimental study was conducted at the Dental Health Department of the College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from May 2022 to July 2022. After obtaining exemption from the institutional review board, the powdered GA was added in ratios of weight 5, 10, and 20% to PMMA heat-cured acrylic powder to produce bar-shaped samples (65 × 10 × 30 mm3 in dimensions). While the control group was prepared as such. Micro hardness (n=10/group) and fracture toughness (n=10/group) were evaluated. One-way analysis of variance method was used to statistically analyze the results (p<0.05) using SPSS version 23. Results Significant differences were observed for micro hardness (p<0.001) and fracture toughness (p=0.007) between the means of the different study groups. The control group exhibited the highest micro hardness (22.5±0.6 VHN) and fracture toughness (1.25±0.11 MPa.m1/2) value among the study groups. While 20 wt. % GA and 10 wt. % GA groups showed the lowest micro hardness and fracture toughness values, respectively. Conclusions GA powder might not be an appropriate reinforcing material for denture base or the higher filler loading of GA in denture base acrylic might be detrimental to the mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Alsadon
- Omar Alsadon, PhD, MPhill, BDentTech, Assistant Professor, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Abdullah Alkhureif
- Abdul Aziz Abdullah Alkhureif, PhD, MPhill, BDentTech, Professor, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aftab Ahmed Khan
- Aftab Ahmed Khan, PhD, MSc, M.Bioeth, B.D.S. Researcher, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Gad MM, Abu-Rashid K, Alkhaldi A, Alshehri O, Khan SQ. Evaluation of the effectiveness of bioactive glass fillers against Candida albicans adhesion to PMMA denture base materials: An in vitro study. Saudi Dent J 2022; 34:730-737. [PMID: 36570574 PMCID: PMC9767839 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dentures with antimicrobial properties are desirable for preventing Candida albicans adhesion. This study was to assess the effectiveness of bioactive glass (BAG) on C. albicans adhesion, surface roughness, and hardness of denture base materials. Methods Heat-polymerized (HP) and autopolymerized (AP) acrylic resins were used to fabricate 240 disk specimens (120/material, 60/C. albicans, 60/surface roughness and hardness). Specimens were divided into five groups (n = 10) based on the BAG concentration: 0.5, 1.5, 3, 5, and 7.5 wt% of the acrylic powder, with a control group comprised of unmodified specimens. Direct culture method was used to assess C. albicans adhesion. A profilometer and Vickers hardness test were used to measure surface roughness and hardness respectively. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Tukey's test were used for data analysis (α = 0.05). Results BAG addition significantly decreased the C. albicans count when compared with the control group (P < 0.001) for both HP and AP. Regarding surface roughness, there was no change in the HP acrylic resins (P > 0.05), while the AP acrylic resins exhibited significantly higher surface roughness with BAG addition (P < 0.001). The hardness of the HP and AP acrylic resins were significantly higher with the addition of BAG (P < 0.001). Conclusions The addition of BAG to HP and AP acrylic resins effectively decreases C. albicans adhesion. The roughness of AP acrylic resins increases with the addition of BAG, while the hardness of both HP and AP acrylic resins increase with the addition of BAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M. Gad
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia,Corresponding author at: College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia. Phone number: 00966592502080.
| | - Khalid Abu-Rashid
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Alkhaldi
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Alshehri
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soban Q. Khan
- Department of Dental Education, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Lourinho C, Salgado H, Correia A, Fonseca P. Mechanical Properties of Polymethyl Methacrylate as Denture Base Material: Heat-Polymerized vs. 3D-Printed-Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of In Vitro Studies. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102565. [PMID: 36289826 PMCID: PMC9599137 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The synergy between dentistry and informatics has allowed the emergence of new technologies, specifically 3D printing, which has led to the development of new materials. The aim of this research was to compare the mechanical properties of dental base resins for 3D printing with conventional ones. This systematic review was developed using the PRISMA guidelines, and the electronic literature search was performed with the PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science-MEDLINE and EMBASE databases, until 30 April 2022. Two researchers selected the studies independently, and thus eight articles were found eligible for analysis. A meta-analysis was developed to estimate flexural strength. The Cohen's kappa corresponding to this review was 1.00, and the risk assessment was considered low for the included studies. The 3D printing resin presented lower values of flexural strength and hardness compared with the heat-cured resin. Regarding impact strength, a lower value was recorded for the heat-cured resin compared with the 3D printing resin. Three-dimensional printing resins are viable materials for making prosthetic bases but need further clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Lourinho
- Faculty of Dental Medicine (FMD), Universidade Católica Portuguesa (UCP), 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Helena Salgado
- Faculty of Dental Medicine (FMD), Universidade Católica Portuguesa (UCP), 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal
| | - André Correia
- Centre of Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Faculty of Dental Medicine (FMD), Universidade Católica Portuguesa (UCP), 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Fonseca
- Centre of Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Faculty of Dental Medicine (FMD), Universidade Católica Portuguesa (UCP), 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal
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14
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Kim YJ, Choe YE, Shin SJ, Park JH, Dashnyam K, Kim HS, Jun SK, Knowles JC, Kim HW, Lee JH, Lee HH. Photocatalytic effect-assisted antimicrobial activities of acrylic resin incorporating zinc oxide nanoflakes. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 139:213025. [PMID: 35882118 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To overcome the deficiency of the antimicrobial effect of polymer, zinc oxide nanoparticles have been widely utilized as advanced nanofillers due to their antimicrobial and photocatalytic activity. However, the underlying antimicrobial mechanism has not been fully understood apart from topological and physical characteristics. In this study, we prepared zinc oxide nanoparticles-based acrylic resin to explore its antimicrobial mechanism under controlled mechanophysical conditions by using silane-treated zinc oxide nanoflakes (S-ZnNFs). S-ZnNFs incorporated acrylic resin (poly(methyl methacrylate), PMMA) composites up to 2 wt% were selected based on comparable mechanophysical properties (e.g., roughness, wettability, strength and hardness), possibly affecting antimicrobial properties beyond the zinc oxide nanoparticle effect, to bare PMMA. Antimicrobial adhesion results were still observed in 2 wt% S-ZnNFs incorporated PMMA using Candida albicans (C. albicans), one of the fungal infection species. In order to confirm the antimicrobial effects by photocatalysis, we pre-exposed the UV light on 2 wt% S-ZnNF composites before cell seeding, revealing synergetic antimicrobial effect via additional reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation to C. albicans over zinc oxide nanoparticle-induced one. RNA-seq analysis revealed distinguished cellular responses between zinc oxide nanoparticles and UV-mediated photocatalytic effect, but both linked to generation of intracellular ROS. Thus, the above data suggest that induction of high intracellular ROS of C. albicans was the main antimicrobial mechanism under controlled mechanophysical parameters and synergetic ROS accumulation can be induced by photocatalysis, recapitulating a promising use of a S-ZnNFs or possibly zinc oxide nanoparticles as intracellular-ROS-generating antimicrobial nanofillers in acrylic composite for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jin Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Eun Choe
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jin Shin
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hui Park
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Khandmaa Dashnyam
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea; Drug Research Institute, Mongolian Pharmaceutical University & Monos Group, Ulaanbaatar 14250, Mongolia
| | - Hye Sung Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea; Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea; Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea; Cell & Matter Institute, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Kyung Jun
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea; Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Hygiene, Hanseo University, 46 Hanseo 1-ro, Seosan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31962, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonathan C Knowles
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea; UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea; Cell & Matter Institute, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea; Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Eastman Dental Institute, Royal Free Hospital, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK; The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea; Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea; Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea; UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea; Cell & Matter Institute, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea; Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea; Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea; UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea; Cell & Matter Institute, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hae-Hyoung Lee
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea; Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea; UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Khan AA, Fareed MA, Alshehri AH, Aldegheishem A, Alharthi R, Saadaldin SA, Zafar MS. Mechanical Properties of the Modified Denture Base Materials and Polymerization Methods: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5737. [PMID: 35628546 PMCID: PMC9143457 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Amidst growing technological advancements, newer denture base materials and polymerization methods have been introduced. During fabrication, certain mechanical properties are vital for the clinical longevity of the denture base. This systematic review aimed to explore the effect of newer denture base materials and/or polymerization methods on the mechanical properties of the denture base. An electronic database search of English peer-reviewed published papers was conducted using related keywords from 1 January 2011, up until 31 December 2021. This systematic review was based on guidelines proposed by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The search identified 579 papers. However, the inclusion criteria recognized 22 papers for eligibility. The risk of bias was moderate in all studies except in two where it was observed as low. Heat cure polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and compression moulding using a water bath is still a widely used base material and polymerization technique, respectively. However, chemically modified PMMA using monomers, oligomers, copolymers and cross-linking agents may have a promising result. Although chemically modified PMMA resin might enhance the mechanical properties of denture base material, no clear inferences can be drawn about the superiority of any polymerization method other than the conventional compression moulding technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aftab Ahmed Khan
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Amber Fareed
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Gulf Medical University, Ajman P.O. Box 4184, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Abdulkarim Hussain Alshehri
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Alhanoof Aldegheishem
- Department of Clinical Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Rasha Alharthi
- Department of Clinical Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Selma A. Saadaldin
- Prosthodontics Division, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada;
| | - Muhammad Sohail Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawarah, Medina 42353, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad 46000, Pakistan
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16
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Dental Poly(methyl methacrylate)-Based Resin Containing a Nanoporous Silica Filler. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13010032. [PMID: 35323232 PMCID: PMC8948615 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-based resins have been conventionally used in dental prostheses owing to their good biocompatibility. However, PMMA-based resins have relatively poor mechanical properties. In the present study, a novel nanoporous silica filler was developed and introduced into PMMA-based resins to improve their mechanical properties. The filler was prepared by sintering a green body composed of silica and an organic binder, followed by grinding to a fine powder and subsequent silanization. The filler was added to photocurable PMMA-based resin, which was prepared from MMA, PMMA, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and a photo-initiator. The filler was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction analysis, nitrogen sorption porosimetry, and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The PMMA-based resins were characterized by SEM and FT-IR, and the mechanical properties (Vickers hardness, flexural modulus, and flexural strength) and physicochemical properties (water sorption and solubility) were evaluated. The results suggested that the filler consisted of microparticles with nanopores. The filler at 23 wt % was well dispersed in the PMMA-based resin matrix. The mechanical and physicochemical properties of the PMMA-based resin improved significantly with the addition of the developed filler. Therefore, such filler-loaded PMMA-based resins are potential candidates for improving the strength and durability of polymer-based crown and denture base.
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17
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Chęcińska K, Chęciński M, Sikora M, Nowak Z, Karwan S, Chlubek D. The Effect of Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2) Nanoparticles Addition on the Mechanical Parameters of Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Experimental Studies. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14051047. [PMID: 35267870 PMCID: PMC8914807 DOI: 10.3390/polym14051047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of studies on the subject of effects of zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) nanoparticles addition on the mechanical parameters of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is still very limited. Therefore, in this research, the authors wanted to assess PMMA modified with the nano-ZrO2 additive in terms of changes in flexural, impact and tensile strength values in relation to PMMA without such component. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to evaluate the effect of incorporating nano-ZrO2 into PMMA on individual types of material strength. The obtained numerical data were tabulated and analyzed in the search for percentage changes in those parameters. It was then calculated for each set and the procured model was examined using residual sum of squares (RSS) to assess the discrepancy between the data and the estimation model whilst mean absolute deviation (MAD) was employed to determine robustness. The results of the systematic review were composed of data obtained from individual studies presented in eight independent articles. Overall, the addition of nano-ZrO2 increases the flexural strength of the composite with the PMMA matrix depending on the size of the ZrO2 grains administered. Unfortunately, these conclusions are based on a very limited amount of research and require further verification, especially regarding tensile strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Chęcińska
- Department of Glass Technology and Amorphous Coatings, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Maciej Chęciński
- Department of Oral Surgery, Preventive Medicine Center, Komorowskiego 12, 30-106 Kraków, Poland;
- Department of Temporomandibular Disorders, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Traugutta 2, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland;
| | - Maciej Sikora
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of the Ministry of Interior, Wojska Polskiego 51, 25-375 Kielce, Poland;
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Nowak
- Department of Temporomandibular Disorders, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Traugutta 2, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland;
| | - Sławomir Karwan
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Regional Specialized Children’s Hospital, Żołnierska 18a, 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
- Correspondence:
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18
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Kono H, Tsujisaki H, Tajima K. Reinforcing Poly(methyl methacrylate) with Bacterial Cellulose Nanofibers Chemically Modified with Methacryolyl Groups. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12030537. [PMID: 35159882 PMCID: PMC8838691 DOI: 10.3390/nano12030537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nanofibrillated bacterial cellulose (NFBC), a type of cellulose nanofiber biosynthesized by Gluconacetobacter sp., has extremely long (i.e., high-aspect-ratio) fibers that are expected to be useful as nanofillers for fiber-reinforced composite resins. In this study, we investigated a composite of NFBC and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), a highly transparent resin, with the aim of improving the mechanical properties of the latter. The abundant hydroxyl groups on the NFBC surface were silylated using 3-(methacryloyloxy)propyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS), a silane coupling agent bearing a methacryloyl group as the organic functional group. The surface-modified NFBC was homogeneously dispersed in chloroform, mixed with neat PMMA, and converted into PMMA composites using a simple solvent-casting method. The tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the composite increased by factors of 1.6 and 1.8, respectively, when only 0.10 wt% of the surface-modified NFBC was added, without sacrificing the maximum elongation rate. In addition, the composite maintained the high transparency of PMMA, highlighting that the addition of MPTMS-modified NFBC easily reinforce PMMA. Furthermore, interactions involving the organic functional groups of MPTMS were found to be very important for reinforcing PMMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kono
- Division of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tomakomai College, Tomakomai 059-1275, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-144-67-8036
| | - Haruto Tsujisaki
- Division of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tomakomai College, Tomakomai 059-1275, Japan
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan;
| | - Kenji Tajima
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan;
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