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Ahmadi M, Ehrmann K, Koch T, Liska R, Stampfl J. From Unregulated Networks to Designed Microstructures: Introducing Heterogeneity at Different Length Scales in Photopolymers for Additive Manufacturing. Chem Rev 2024; 124:3978-4020. [PMID: 38546847 PMCID: PMC11009961 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Photopolymers have been optimized as protective and decorative coating materials for decades. However, with the rise of additive manufacturing technologies, vat photopolymerization has unlocked the use of photopolymers for three-dimensional objects with new material requirements. Thus, the originally highly cross-linked, amorphous architecture of photopolymers cannot match the expectations for modern materials anymore, revealing the largely unanswered question of how diverse properties can be achieved in photopolymers. Herein, we review how microstructural features in soft matter materials should be designed and implemented to obtain high performance materials. We then translate these findings into chemical design suggestions for enhanced printable photopolymers. Based on this analysis, we have found microstructural heterogenization to be the most powerful tool to tune photopolymer performance. By combining the chemical toolbox for photopolymerization and the analytical toolbox for microstructural characterization, we examine current strategies for physical heterogenization (fillers, inkjet printing) and chemical heterogenization (semicrystalline polymers, block copolymers, interpenetrating networks, photopolymerization induced phase separation) of photopolymers and put them into a material scientific context to develop a roadmap for improving and diversifying photopolymers' performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Ahmadi
- Institute
of Materials Science and Technology, Technische
Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9BE, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Ehrmann
- Institute
of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technische
Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Koch
- Institute
of Materials Science and Technology, Technische
Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9BE, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Liska
- Institute
of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technische
Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jürgen Stampfl
- Institute
of Materials Science and Technology, Technische
Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9BE, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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Dumur F. Recent Advances in Monocomponent Visible Light Photoinitiating Systems Based on Sulfonium Salts. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4202. [PMID: 37959882 PMCID: PMC10649563 DOI: 10.3390/polym15214202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last decades, multicomponent photoinitiating systems have been the focus of intense research efforts, especially for the design of visible light photoinitiating systems. Although highly reactive three-component and even four-component photoinitiating systems have been designed, the complexity to elaborate such mixtures has incited researchers to design monocomponent Type II photoinitiators. Using this approach, the photosensitizer and the radical/cation generator can be combined within a unique molecule, greatly simplifying the elaboration of the photocurable resins. In this field, sulfonium salts are remarkable photoinitiators but these structures lack absorption in the visible range. Over the years, various structural modifications have been carried out in order to redshift their absorptions in the visible region. In this work, an overview of the different sulfonium salts activable under visible light and reported to date is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Dumur
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, F-13397 Marseille, France
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3
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Kaya K, Kiliclar HC, Yagci Y. Photochemically generated ionic species for cationic and step-growth polymerizations. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.112000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
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4
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Coban ZG, Kiliclar HC, Yagci Y. Photoinitiated Cationic Ring-Opening Polymerization of Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031299. [PMID: 36770964 PMCID: PMC9919424 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Photochemical techniques have recently been revitalized as they can readily be adapted to different polymerization modes to yield a wide range of complex macromolecular structures. However, the implementation of the photoinduced cationic methods in the polymerization of cyclic siloxane monomers has scarcely been investigated. Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) is an important monomer for the synthesis of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and its copolymers. In this study, the cationic ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of D4, initiated by diphenyl iodonium hexafluorophosphate (DPI), has been studied. Both direct and indirect initiating systems acting at broad wavelength using benzophenone and pyrene were investigated. In both systems, photochemically generated protonic acids and silylium cations are responsible for the polymerization. The kinetics of the polymerization are followed by viscosimetry and GPC analyses. The reported approach may overcome the problems associated with conventional methods and therefore represents industrial importance for the fabrication of polysiloxanes.
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Pierau L, Elian C, Akimoto J, Ito Y, Caillol S, Versace DL. Bio-sourced Monomers and Cationic Photopolymerization: The Green combination towards Eco-Friendly and Non-Toxic Materials. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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8
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YAROVA N, SAMOILENKO T, YASHCHENKO L, BROVKO O. KINETICS OF FORMATION AND PROPERTIES OF PHOTOCURED SIMULTANEOUS EPOXY-ACRYLATE IPNS WITH THE PREVAILING CONTENT OF AN EPOXY COMPONENT. Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.15407/polymerj.43.04.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The distinct features of UV induced polymerization of epoxy-acrylate blends leading to the formation of simultaneous interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) have been studied. Different ratios of components within a prevailing content of an epoxy one have been used for the synthesis. Such a content of epoxy monomer is required to create a barrier preventing oxygen diffusion into a curing sample. It allows retardation of the well-known oxygen-inhibition effect, which acrylate monomers are susceptible to. Hence, the conduction of their polymerization in open-air conditions is possible. The proceeding of the polymerization reactions of acrylate (TEGDM) via free radical mechanism and of epoxy (UP-650D) via cationic one have been monitored by FTIR-spectroscopy. Namely, the conversion degrees have been calculated for double bonds of TEGDM and for epoxy groups of UP-650D respectively. A mixture of triphenylsulfonium hexafluorophosphate salts, which is capable of generating both free radical and cationic reactive species, have been used as a single photoinitiator for the formulations being investigated. Almost complete conversion of acrylate double bonds was reached after 60 min of UV irradiation irrespective of epoxy content. On the contrary, conversion of epoxy groups of aliphatic epoxy, which is known to be rather unreactive towards cationic photopolymerization, when mixed may be either higher or lower compared to the neat epoxy network. Such results are attributed to dual influence of acrylate network on the formation of epoxy one. Firstly, cationic polymerization of epoxy component is sensitized by acrylate macroradicals in terms of free radical promoted cationic polymerization. On the other hand, the mobility of epoxy macrocations is restricted by the rapid build-up of acrylate network. At the weight ratio of UP-650D and TEGDM 70/30 the sensitizing effect of acrylate is revealed to be dominant, so the given composition may be considered as optimal. Regardless of low conversion of epoxy groups, the content of the estimated gel fraction is high, and the epoxy component is found not to be leached in the process of extraction in acetone. Furthermore, physicomechanical properties of obtained UV-cured IPNs have been investigated. The results of the measurements, namely, impact resistance by the Gardner test, crosshatch adhesion test to different substrates (including silicon), and accelerated weathering test in a climatic chamber, show that all the samples exhibit good operational properties essential for effective protecting coatings of outdoor exposure.
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Giacoletto N, Dumur F. Recent Advances in bis-Chalcone-Based Photoinitiators of Polymerization: From Mechanistic Investigations to Applications. Molecules 2021; 26:3192. [PMID: 34073491 PMCID: PMC8199041 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past several decades, photopolymerization has become an active research field, and the ongoing efforts to develop new photoinitiating systems are supported by the different applications in which this polymerization technique is involved-including dentistry, 3D and 4D printing, adhesives, and laser writing. In the search for new structures, bis-chalcones that combine two chalcones' moieties within a unique structure were determined as being promising photosensitizers to initiate both the free-radical polymerization of acrylates and the cationic polymerization of epoxides. In this review, an overview of the different bis-chalcones reported to date is provided. Parallel to the mechanistic investigations aiming at elucidating the polymerization mechanisms, bis-chalcones-based photoinitiating systems were used for different applications, which are detailed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frédéric Dumur
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, F-13397 Marseille, France
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Giacoletto N, Ibrahim-Ouali M, Dumur F. Recent advances on squaraine-based photoinitiators of polymerization. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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12
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Milovanović A, Sedmak A, Golubović Z, Mihajlović KZ, Žurkić A, Trajković I, Milošević M. The effect of time on mechanical properties of biocompatible photopolymer resins used for fabrication of clear dental aligners. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 119:104494. [PMID: 33813333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Clear dental aligners are used for treating orthodontic anomalies (misaligned teeth, inappropriate contact between upper and lower teeth etc.), minor irregularities and bruxism. Using additive manufacturing technologies clear dental aligners are made of biocompatible photopolymer, using a vat photopolymerization technology. One of problems in application is the change of aligner material properties after production, including strength and elongation at failure. This can cause different sequence of tooth displacement which will not correspond to the planned therapy. In this paper three types of material testing are conducted i.e., tensile, compressive and three-point bending testing on specimens of 1 (24 h), 3 (72 h), 5 (120 h) and 7 (168 h) days old. Mechanical properties, such as tensile, compressive and flexural strength and strain at failure are monitored in order to show the effect of time on biocompatible photopolymer resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksa Milovanović
- University of Belgrade, Innovation Center of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Aleksandar Sedmak
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorana Golubović
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ksenija Zelić Mihajlović
- University of Belgrade, School of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Laboratory for Anthropology Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Isaak Trajković
- University of Belgrade, Innovation Center of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miloš Milošević
- University of Belgrade, Innovation Center of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Belgrade, Serbia
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13
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Improving the extraction performance of polymer inclusion membranes by cross-linking their polymeric backbone. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2021.104813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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15
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Radical-induced cationic frontal polymerisation for prepreg technology. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-020-02726-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn this study, a new type of prepreg technology has been established using a dual curing system consisting of 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA) and frontally polymerisable components based on the epoxide resin. The study of the polymerisation of HDDA revealed (tert-butylcyclohexyl)peroxydicarbonate (BCPC) as the most suitable radical thermal initiator. The presence of BCPC resulted in a fast radical polymerisation of HDDA and no cationic ring-opening reaction of the epoxy, which was observed by monitoring the double bond and epoxy group conversion in real time-NIR rheology measurement. The formed prepreg can subsequently be cured by radical-induced cationic frontal polymerisation of the epoxy resin. Effects of HDDA amount on the radical polymerisation, stiffness of the gel, frontal parameters and thermal mechanical properties of final polymers were investigated. With 10 wt% HDDA, the formed prepreg has very good storage stability, which was proved by monitoring the epoxy group conversion during 4 months of storage at 50 °C while still a stable front can be obtained. Furthermore, the RICFP-prepregs with different fibre contents were prepared and polymerised by RICFP. Then, a snowflake composite was successfully produced using RICFP-prepreg.
Graphic abstract
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Pang Y, Shiraishi A, Keil D, Popov S, Strehmel V, Jiao H, Gutmann JS, Zou Y, Strehmel B. NIR-Sensitized Cationic and Hybrid Radical/Cationic Polymerization and Crosslinking. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:1465-1473. [PMID: 32964609 PMCID: PMC7839698 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
NIR‐sensitized cationic polymerization proceeded with good efficiency, as was demonstrated with epoxides, vinyl ether, and oxetane. A heptacyanine functioned as sensitizer while iodonium salt served as coinitiator. The anion adopts a special function in a series selected from fluorinated phosphates (a: [PF6]−, b: [PF3(C2F5)3]−, c: [PF3(n‐C4F9)3]−), aluminates (d: [Al(O‐t‐C4F9)4]−, e: [Al(O(C3F6)CH3)4]−), and methide [C(O‐SO2CF3)3]− (f). Vinyl ether showed the best cationic polymerization efficiency followed by oxetanes and oxiranes. DFT calculations provided a rough pattern regarding the electrostatic potential of each anion where d showed a better reactivity than e and b. Formation of interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) using trimethylpropane triacrylate and epoxides proceeded in the case of NIR‐sensitized polymerization where anion d served as counter ion in the initiator system. No IPN was formed by UV‐LED initiation using the same monomers but thioxanthone/iodonium salt as photoinitiator. Exposure was carried out with new NIR‐LED devices emitting at either 805 or 870 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulian Pang
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Adlerstr. 1, 47798, Krefeld, Germany.,College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai St. Haidian District, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Atsushi Shiraishi
- San-Apro Ltd., 1-40, Goryo-Ohara, Nishikyoku, Kyoto, 615-8245, Japan
| | - Dietmar Keil
- FEW Chemicals GmbH, Technikumstraße 1, 06766, Bitterfeld-Wolfen, Germany
| | - Sergey Popov
- Spectrum Info Ltd., Murmanskaya 5, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Veronika Strehmel
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Adlerstr. 1, 47798, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Hongjun Jiao
- Hubei Gurun Technology Co., LTD., Jingmen Chemical Recycling Industrial Park, 448000, Jingmen, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Jochen S Gutmann
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Center of Nanointegration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 7, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Yingquan Zou
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai St. Haidian District, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Bernd Strehmel
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Adlerstr. 1, 47798, Krefeld, Germany
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Pang Y, Shiraishi A, Keil D, Popov S, Strehmel V, Jiao H, Gutmann JS, Zou Y, Strehmel B. NIR‐sensibilisierte kationische und hybride radikalische/kationische Polymerisation und Vernetzung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yulian Pang
- Fachbereich Chemie Institut für Lacke und Oberflächenchemie Hochschule Niederrhein Adlerstraße 1 47798 Krefeld Deutschland
- College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University No. 19, Xinjiekouwai St. Haidian District Beijing 100875 VR China
| | | | - Dietmar Keil
- FEW Chemicals GmbH Technikumstraße 1 06766 Bitterfeld-Wolfen Deutschland
| | - Sergey Popov
- Spectrum Info Ltd. Murmanskaya 5 02094 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Veronika Strehmel
- Fachbereich Chemie Institut für Lacke und Oberflächenchemie Hochschule Niederrhein Adlerstraße 1 47798 Krefeld Deutschland
| | - Hongjun Jiao
- Hubei Gurun Technology Co., LTD. Jingmen Chemical Recycling Industrial Park 448000 Jingmen Hubei Province VR China
| | - Jochen S. Gutmann
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie und Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE) Universität Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstraße 7 45141 Essen Deutschland
| | - Yingquan Zou
- College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University No. 19, Xinjiekouwai St. Haidian District Beijing 100875 VR China
| | - Bernd Strehmel
- Fachbereich Chemie Institut für Lacke und Oberflächenchemie Hochschule Niederrhein Adlerstraße 1 47798 Krefeld Deutschland
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18
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Nitti A, Martinelli A, Batteux F, Protti S, Fagnoni M, Pasini D. Blue light driven free-radical polymerization using arylazo sulfones as initiators. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00928a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The polymerization of a broad range of electron-poor olefins has been achieved under free-radical conditions by using arylazo sulfones as visible light photoinitiators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Nitti
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM Research Unit, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Angelo Martinelli
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM Research Unit, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Fabrice Batteux
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM Research Unit, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefano Protti
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM Research Unit, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fagnoni
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM Research Unit, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Dario Pasini
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM Research Unit, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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19
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Dumur F. Recent advances on visible light photoinitiators of polymerization based on Indane-1,3-dione and related derivatives. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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20
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Hien LX, Thanh DM. Influence of TAS on photocrosslinking of the coatings on the base of acrylate, epoxide oligomers and monomers. VIETNAM JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/vjch.201900189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Le Xuan Hien
- Institute for Tropical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology; 18, Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay Hanoi 10000 Viet Nam
| | - Do Minh Thanh
- Institute for Tropical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology; 18, Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay Hanoi 10000 Viet Nam
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Uchiyama M, Osumi M, Satoh K, Kamigaito M. Thiol‐Ene Cationic and Radical Reactions: Cyclization, Step‐Growth, and Concurrent Polymerizations for Thioacetal and Thioether Units. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201915132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mineto Uchiyama
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringNagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Masahiro Osumi
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringNagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Kotaro Satoh
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringNagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and EngineeringSchool of Materials and Chemical TechnologyTokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1-H120 Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Masami Kamigaito
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringNagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
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Uchiyama M, Osumi M, Satoh K, Kamigaito M. Thiol-Ene Cationic and Radical Reactions: Cyclization, Step-Growth, and Concurrent Polymerizations for Thioacetal and Thioether Units. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:6832-6838. [PMID: 32040266 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201915132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Thiol-ene cationic and radical reactions were conducted for 1:1 addition between a thiol and vinyl ether, and also for cyclization and step-growth polymerization between a dithiol and divinyl ether. p-Toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) induced a cationic thiol-ene reaction to generate a thioacetal in high yield, whereas 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile resulted in a radical thiol-ene reaction to give a thioether, also in high yield. The cationic and radical addition reactions between a dithiol and divinyl ether with oxyethylene units yielded amorphous poly(thioacetal)s and crystalline poly(thioether)s, respectively. Under high-dilution conditions, the cationic and radical reactions resulted in 16- and 18-membered cyclic thioacetal and thioether products, respectively. Furthermore, concurrent cationic and radical step-growth polymerizations were realized using PTSA under UV irradiation to produce polymers having both thioacetal and thioether linkages in the main chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mineto Uchiyama
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Masahiro Osumi
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Kotaro Satoh
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-H120 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Masami Kamigaito
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
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23
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Tataru G, Coqueret X. Hybrid free-radical and cationic photo-polymerization of bio-based monomers derived from seed oils – control of competitive processes by experimental design. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00773k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Experimental design helps define optimal compositions for a 3-component photo-initiating system for IPNs synthesized from mixed epoxidized and acrylated triglycerides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Tataru
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims
- CNRS UMR 7312
- Faculté des Sciences Exactes et Naturelles
- 51687 Reims Cedex 2
| | - Xavier Coqueret
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims
- CNRS UMR 7312
- Faculté des Sciences Exactes et Naturelles
- 51687 Reims Cedex 2
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25
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Tasdelen MA, Lalevée J, Yagci Y. Photoinduced free radical promoted cationic polymerization 40 years after its discovery. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01903k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Free radical promoted cationic photopolymerization has been described with its historical background, main principles and usage in polymer synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Atilla Tasdelen
- Department of Polymer Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- Yalova University
- 77100 Yalova
- Turkey
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Membre Honoraire de l'Institut Universitaire de France (IUF) (promotion 2011) Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse
- 68057 Mulhouse Cedex
- France
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Istanbul Technical University
- Department of Chemistry
- 34469 Istanbul
- Turkey
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26
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Hola E, Topa M, Chachaj-Brekiesz A, Pilch M, Fiedor P, Galek M, Ortyl J. New, highly versatile bimolecular photoinitiating systems for free-radical, cationic and thiol–ene photopolymerization processes under low light intensity UV and visible LEDs for 3D printing application. RSC Adv 2020; 10:7509-7522. [PMID: 35492177 PMCID: PMC9049847 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10212d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
1-Amino-4-methyl-naphthalene-2-carbonitrile derivatives are proposed for the role of photosensitizers of iodonium salt during the photopolymerization processes upon near UV-A and visible ranges. Remarkably, 1-amino-4-methyl-naphthalene-2-carbonitrile derivatives are highly versatile allowing access to photoinitiating systems for (i) the cationic photopolymerization of epoxide monomers with a ring opening mechanism and vinyl ether monomers with chain growth mechanisms (ii) the free-radical photopolymerization of acrylate monomers, (iii) the photopolymerization of interpenetrated polymer networks (IPNs) based on epoxide and acrylate monomers under air and under laminate in an oxygen-free atmosphere (iv) the thiol–ene photopolymerization processes. Excellent polymerization profiles are obtained during all types of photopolymerization processes. The initiation mechanisms are analyzed through steady state photolysis, cyclic voltammetry and fluorescence experiments. Moreover, the newly developed bimolecular photoinitiating systems were investigated by applying an additive manufacturing process under visible light sources. Furthermore, vat photopolymerization processes using IPN compositions, which are polymerizable by using new photoinitiating systems, provide high resolution and speeds. For these reasons, new bimolecular photoinitiating systems are promising initiators for photopolymerization-based 3D printing process to fabricate 3D structures. 1-Amino-4-methyl-naphthalene-2-carbonitrile derivatives are proposed for the role of photosensitizers of iodonium salt during the photopolymerization processes upon near UV-A and visible ranges.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Hola
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Cracow University of Technology
- 31-155 Cracow
- Poland
| | - Monika Topa
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Cracow University of Technology
- 31-155 Cracow
- Poland
| | | | - Maciej Pilch
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Cracow University of Technology
- 31-155 Cracow
- Poland
| | - Paweł Fiedor
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Cracow University of Technology
- 31-155 Cracow
- Poland
| | | | - Joanna Ortyl
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Cracow University of Technology
- 31-155 Cracow
- Poland
- Photo HiTech Ltd
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27
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Kotz F, Helmer D, Rapp BE. Emerging Technologies and Materials for High-Resolution 3D Printing of Microfluidic Chips. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 179:37-66. [PMID: 32797271 DOI: 10.1007/10_2020_141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, 3D printing has had a huge impact on the field of biotechnology: from 3D-printed pharmaceuticals to tissue engineering and microfluidic chips. Microfluidic chips are of particular interest and importance for the field of biotechnology, since they allow for the analysis and screening of a wide range of biomolecules - including single cells, proteins, and DNA. The fabrication of microfluidic chips has historically been time-consuming, however, and is typically limited to 2.5 dimensional structures and a restricted palette of well-known materials. Due to the high surface-to-volume ratios in microfluidic chips, the nature of the chip material is of paramount importance to the final system behavior. With the emergence of 3D printing, however, a wide range of microfluidic systems are now being printed for the first time in a manner that facilitates flexibility while minimizing time and cost. Nevertheless, resolution and material choices still remain challenges and in the focus of current research, aiming for (1) 3D printing with high resolutions in the range of tens of micrometers and (2) a wider range of available materials for these high-resolution prints. The first part of this chapter highlights recent emerging technologies in the field of high-resolution printing via stereolithography (SL) and 2-photon polymerization (2PP) and seeks to identify particularly interesting emerging technologies which could have a major impact on the field in the near future. The second part of this chapter highlights current developments in the field of materials that are used for these high-resolution 3D printing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Kotz
- Laboratory of Process Technology, NeptunLab, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Dorothea Helmer
- Laboratory of Process Technology, NeptunLab, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- FIT Freiburg Centre for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bastian E Rapp
- Laboratory of Process Technology, NeptunLab, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- FIT Freiburg Centre for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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28
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Development of New High-Performance Biphenyl and Terphenyl Derivatives as Versatile Photoredox Photoinitiating Systems and Their Applications in 3D Printing Photopolymerization Processes. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9100827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel 2-amino-4-methyl-6-phenyl-benzene-1,3-dicarbonitrile derivatives were proposed as photosensitizes of iodonium salt for a highly effective bimolecular photoinitiating system upon soft irradiation conditions under long-wave ultraviolet (UV-A) and visible light. Remarkably, these structures are highly versatile, allowing access to photoinitiating systems for the free-radical polymerization of acrylates, the cationic photopolymerization of epoxides, glycidyl, and vinyl ethers, the synthesis of interpenetrated polymer networks (IPNs) and the thiol-ene photopolymerization processes. Excellent polymerization profiles for all of the monomers, along with the high final conversions, were obtained. The initiation mechanisms of these bimolecular systems based on the 2-amino-4-methyl-6-phenyl-benzene-1,3-dicarbonitrile derivatives were investigated using the real-time FT-IR technique, steady-state photolysis, fluorescence experiments, theoretical calculations of molecular orbitals, and electrochemical analysis. Moreover, the 2-amino-4-methyl-6-phenyl-benzene-1,3-dicarbonitrile derivatives were investigated as a type II free-radical photoinitiator with amine. It was confirmed that the 2-amino-4-methyl-6-phenyl-benzene-1,3-dicarbonitrile derivatives, in combination with different types of additives, e.g., amine as co-initiator or in the presence of onium salt, can act as a bimolecular photoinitiating system via the photo-reduction or photo-oxidation pathways, respectively.
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29
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Breloy L, Brezová V, Malval JP, Rios de Anda A, Bourgon J, Kurogi T, Mindiola DJ, Versace DL. Well-Defined Titanium Complex for Free-Radical and Cationic Photopolymerizations under Visible Light and Photoinduction of Ti-Based Nanoparticles. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Louise Breloy
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est, Equipe Systèmes Polymères Complexes, UMR 7182, CNRS-Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), 2-8 rue Henri Dunant, 94320 Thiais, France
| | - Vlasta Brezová
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinskeho 9, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Jean-Pierre Malval
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, IS2M-LRC 7228, 15 rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse, France
| | - Agustin Rios de Anda
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est, Equipe Systèmes Polymères Complexes, UMR 7182, CNRS-Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), 2-8 rue Henri Dunant, 94320 Thiais, France
| | - Julie Bourgon
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est, Equipe Systèmes Polymères Complexes, UMR 7182, CNRS-Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), 2-8 rue Henri Dunant, 94320 Thiais, France
| | - Takashi Kurogi
- School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34 Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Daniel J. Mindiola
- School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34 Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Davy-Louis Versace
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est, Equipe Systèmes Polymères Complexes, UMR 7182, CNRS-Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), 2-8 rue Henri Dunant, 94320 Thiais, France
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30
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Li H, Tang W, Huang Y, Ruan W, Zhang M. Nanopore separator of cross-linked poly(propylene glycol)-co-pentaerythritol triacrylate for effectively suppressing polysulfide shuttling in Li–S batteries. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00206e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A nanopore polymer separator blocks the polysulfide migration more efficiently than the Celgard separator, endowing a Li–S battery with a much better discharge performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Li
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Wentao Tang
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Yifu Huang
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Wenhong Ruan
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Mingqiu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
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31
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Jimenez-Rosales A, Flores-Merino MV. A Brief Review of the Pathophysiology of Non-melanoma Skin Cancer and Applications of Interpenetrating and Semi-interpenetrating Polymer Networks in Its Treatment. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-018-0061-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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32
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Alekseeva T, Tsebrienko T, Babkina N, Iarova N, Vorontsova L. Structure and properties of interpenetrating polymer networks containing poly(titanium oxide) obtained in 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate medium. Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.15407/polymerj.40.02.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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33
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Estupiñán D, Barner‐Kowollik C, Barner L. Bestimmung der Verknüpfungspunkte in fluoreszenten Polymernetzwerken. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201713388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Estupiñán
- Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen (IBG) Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
| | - Christopher Barner‐Kowollik
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Future Environments Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street QLD 4000 Brisbane Australien
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie (ITCP) Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Engesserstraße 18 76128 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Leonie Barner
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Future Environments Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street QLD 4000 Brisbane Australien
- Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen (IBG) Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
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34
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Estupiñán D, Barner‐Kowollik C, Barner L. Counting the Clicks in Fluorescent Polymer Networks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:5925-5929. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201713388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Estupiñán
- Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen (IBG) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Christopher Barner‐Kowollik
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Future Environments Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street QLD 4000 Brisbane Australia
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie (ITCP) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstrasse 18 76128 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Leonie Barner
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Future Environments Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street QLD 4000 Brisbane Australia
- Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen (IBG) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
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35
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Carve M, Wlodkowic D. 3D-Printed Chips: Compatibility of Additive Manufacturing Photopolymeric Substrata with Biological Applications. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:E91. [PMID: 30393367 PMCID: PMC6187525 DOI: 10.3390/mi9020091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) is ideal for building adaptable, structurally complex, three-dimensional, monolithic lab-on-chip (LOC) devices from only a computer design file. Consequently, it has potential to advance micro- to milllifluidic LOC design, prototyping, and production and further its application in areas of biomedical and biological research. However, its application in these areas has been hampered due to material biocompatibility concerns. In this review, we summarise commonly used AM techniques: vat polymerisation and material jetting. We discuss factors influencing material biocompatibility as well as methods to mitigate material toxicity and thus promote its application in these research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Carve
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia.
| | - Donald Wlodkowic
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia.
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia.
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36
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Spatially Resolved Measurements of Crosslinking in UV-Curable Coatings Using Single-Sided NMR. MAGNETOCHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/magnetochemistry4010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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37
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Li Y, Xu Y, Fleischer CC, Huang J, Lin R, Yang L, Mao H. Impact of Anti-Biofouling Surface Coatings on the Properties of Nanomaterials and Their Biomedical Applications. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:9-24. [PMID: 29479429 PMCID: PMC5821433 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb01695f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Understanding and subsequently controlling non-specific interactions between engineered nanomaterials and biological environment have become increasingly important for further developing and advancing nanotechnology for biomedical applications. Such non-specific interactions, also known as the biofouling effect, mainly associate with the adsorption of biomolecules (such as proteins, DNAs, RNAs, and peptides) onto the surface of nanomaterials and the adhesion or uptake of nanomaterials by various cells. By altering the surface properties of nanomaterials the biofouling effect can lead to in situ changes of physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetics, functions, and toxicity of nanomaterials. This review provides discussions on the current understanding of the biofouling effect, the factors that affect the non-specific interactions associated with biofouling, and the impact of the biofouling effect on the performances and functions of nanomaterials. An overview of the development and applications of various anti-biofouling coating materials to preserve and improve the properties and functions of engineered nanomaterials for intended biomedical applications is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuancheng Li
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Yaolin Xu
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Candace C Fleischer
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jing Huang
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Run Lin
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Lily Yang
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hui Mao
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Abstract
Abstract
Photochemistry has been subjected to the enormous development within the last two centuries. This development has been driven mainly by two key factors: inherent scientific thirst for knowledge and worldwide foodstuff and energy needs. Within the development of photochemistry, mutual conditionality of global needs, progress in theory, improving of existing and birth of qualitatively new experimental techniques can be identified. Photochemistry has found its application in various fields of our life, development and protection of the nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Šima
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Technology and Materials, FCHPT STU, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava , Slovakia
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39
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Al Mousawi A, Garra P, Dumur F, Bui TT, Goubard F, Toufaily J, Hamieh T, Graff B, Gigmes D, Fouassier JP, Lalevée J. Novel Carbazole Skeleton-Based Photoinitiators for LED Polymerization and LED Projector 3D Printing. Molecules 2017; 22:E2143. [PMID: 29207574 PMCID: PMC6149745 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Radical chemistry is a very convenient way to produce polymer materials. Here, an application of a particular photoinduced radical chemistry is illustrated. Seven new carbazole derivatives Cd1-Cd7 are incorporated and proposed as high performance near-UV photoinitiators for both the free radical polymerization (FRP) of (meth)acrylates and the cationic polymerization (CP) of epoxides utilizing Light Emitting Diodes LEDs @405 nm. Excellent polymerization-initiating abilities are found and high final reactive function conversions are obtained. Interestingly, these new derivatives display much better near-UV polymerization-initiating abilities compared to a reference UV absorbing carbazole (CARET 9H-carbazole-9-ethanol) demonstrating that the new substituents have good ability to red shift the absorption of the proposed photoinitiators. All the more strikingly, in combination with iodonium salt, Cd1-Cd7 are likewise preferred as cationic photoinitiators over the notable photoinitiator bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phenylphosphine oxide (BAPO) for mild irradiation conditions featuring their remarkable reactivity. In particular their utilization in the preparation of new cationic resins for LED projector 3D printing is envisioned. A full picture of the included photochemical mechanisms is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assi Al Mousawi
- Institute of Science and Materials of Mulhouse IS2M-UMR, The National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) 7361-UHA, 15, Rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse CEDEX, France.
- Laboratory of Materials, Catalysts, Environment and Analytical Methods (MCEMA-CHAMSI), EDST, Lebanese University, Campus Hariri, Hadath, Beyrouth, Lebanon.
| | - Patxi Garra
- Institute of Science and Materials of Mulhouse IS2M-UMR, The National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) 7361-UHA, 15, Rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse CEDEX, France.
| | - Frédéric Dumur
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire-CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, UMR 7273, F-13397 Marseille, France.
| | - Thanh-Tuan Bui
- Laboratory of Physico-chemistry of Polymers and Interfaces LPPI, University of Cergy-Pontoise, 5 Mail Gay Lussac, Neuville-sur-Oise, 95031 Cergy-Pontoise CEDEX, France.
| | - Fabrice Goubard
- Laboratory of Physico-chemistry of Polymers and Interfaces LPPI, University of Cergy-Pontoise, 5 Mail Gay Lussac, Neuville-sur-Oise, 95031 Cergy-Pontoise CEDEX, France.
| | - Joumana Toufaily
- Laboratory of Materials, Catalysts, Environment and Analytical Methods (MCEMA-CHAMSI), EDST, Lebanese University, Campus Hariri, Hadath, Beyrouth, Lebanon.
| | - Tayssir Hamieh
- Laboratory of Materials, Catalysts, Environment and Analytical Methods (MCEMA-CHAMSI), EDST, Lebanese University, Campus Hariri, Hadath, Beyrouth, Lebanon.
| | - Bernadette Graff
- Institute of Science and Materials of Mulhouse IS2M-UMR, The National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) 7361-UHA, 15, Rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse CEDEX, France.
| | - Didier Gigmes
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire-CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, UMR 7273, F-13397 Marseille, France.
| | - Jean Pierre Fouassier
- Institute of Science and Materials of Mulhouse IS2M-UMR, The National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) 7361-UHA, 15, Rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse CEDEX, France.
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Institute of Science and Materials of Mulhouse IS2M-UMR, The National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) 7361-UHA, 15, Rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse CEDEX, France.
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40
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Blasco E, Wegener M, Barner-Kowollik C. Photochemically Driven Polymeric Network Formation: Synthesis and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29. [PMID: 28075059 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201604005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric networks have been intensely investigated and a large number of applications have been found in areas ranging from biomedicine to materials science. Network fabrication via light-induced reactions is a particularly powerful tool, since light provides ready access to temporal and spatial control, opening an array of synthetic access routes for structuring the network geometry as well as functionality. Herein, the most recent light-induced modular reactions and their use in the formation of precision polymeric networks are collated. The synthetic strategies including photoinduced thiol-based reactions, Diels-Alder systems, and photogenerated reactive dipoles, as well as photodimerizations, are discussed in detail. Importantly, applications of the fabricated networks via the aforementioned reactions are highlighted with selected examples. Concomitantly, we provide future directions for the field, emphasizing the most critically required advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Blasco
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Martin Wegener
- Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wolfgang-Gaede-Straße 1, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
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41
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Samoilenko TF, Iarova NV, Ostapiuk SM, Tkalich MH, Vorontsova LO, Klymchuk DO, Brovko OO. Influence of N-vynilcarbazole on the photopolymerization process and properties of epoxy-acrylate interpenetrating polymer networks. E-POLYMERS 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2016-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPhotocured simultaneous epoxy-acrylate interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) were formed both under irradiation by UV-lamp and natural sunlight. The conversion degrees of functional groups were calculated by using data obtained from Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The influence of N-vynilcarbazole (NVC) as a photosensitizer on the kinetics of IPN photopolymerization was investigated. The conversion degrees of epoxy groups were revealed to increase significantly with the addition of NVC to the given systems. The phase morphology of IPNs was analyzed by optical and scanning electronic microscopy as well as by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The data obtained using DMA method, which was used for analyzing the IPN samples with different component ratios, indicate the formation of both phase-separated and single-phase IPNs. The phase separation is occurred only in NVC-containing 50:50 IPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetiana F. Samoilenko
- 1Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the National Academy of Ukraine, Kharkivs’ke highway, 48, Kyiv 02160, Ukraine, Tel./Fax: +380445594295
| | - Natalia V. Iarova
- 2Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the National Academy of Ukraine, Kharkivs’ke highway, 48, Kyiv 02160, Ukraine
| | - Svitlana M. Ostapiuk
- 2Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the National Academy of Ukraine, Kharkivs’ke highway, 48, Kyiv 02160, Ukraine
| | - Maksym H. Tkalich
- 2Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the National Academy of Ukraine, Kharkivs’ke highway, 48, Kyiv 02160, Ukraine
| | - Liubov O. Vorontsova
- 2Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the National Academy of Ukraine, Kharkivs’ke highway, 48, Kyiv 02160, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro O. Klymchuk
- 3M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany of the National Academy of Ukraine, Tereshchenkivska st., 2, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr O. Brovko
- 2Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the National Academy of Ukraine, Kharkivs’ke highway, 48, Kyiv 02160, Ukraine
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Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Doped by 2-(4-Isobutylphenyl)Propanoate Metal Complexes: Enhanced Resistance to UV Irradiation. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-016-2323-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Semi-interpenetrating polymer networks by cationic photopolymerization: Fluorinated vinyl ether chains in a hydrogenated vinyl ether network. Eur Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Yousif E, Hasan A, El-Hiti GA. Spectroscopic, Physical and Topography of Photochemical Process of PVC Films in the Presence of Schiff Base Metal Complexes. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:polym8060204. [PMID: 30979299 PMCID: PMC6432278 DOI: 10.3390/polym8060204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The photostability of poly(vinyl chloride), PVC, containing various Schiff base metal complexes (0.5% by weight) was investigated. Various indices corresponding to a number of functional groups were monitored with irradiation of polymeric films to determine their photostabilization activities. The quantum yield of the chain scission (Φcs) of modified polymeric films was found to be (1.15–4.65) × 106. The surface morphology of a PVC sample was investigated by the use of atomic force microscope (AFM). The photostability of PVC films in the presence of Schiff base additives was found to follow the following order: PVC < PVC + CuL2 < PVC + CdL2 < PVC + ZnL2 < PVC + SnL2 < PVC + NiL2. Various mechanisms for PVC films photostability containing the Schiff base additives have been suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Yousif
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad 64021, Iraq.
| | - Ali Hasan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad 64021, Iraq.
| | - Gamal A El-Hiti
- Cornea Research Chair, Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia.
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Larsen EKU, Larsen NB, Almdal K, Larsen EKU, Larsen NB, Almdal K. Multimaterial hydrogel with widely tunable elasticity by selective photopolymerization of PEG diacrylate and epoxy monomers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Esben Kjaer Unmack Larsen
- DTU Nanotech, Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology; Technical University of Denmark; Lyngby 2800 Kgs Denmark
| | - Niels B. Larsen
- DTU Nanotech, Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology; Technical University of Denmark; Lyngby 2800 Kgs Denmark
| | - Kristoffer Almdal
- DTU Nanotech, Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology; Technical University of Denmark; Lyngby 2800 Kgs Denmark
| | - E. K. U. Larsen
- DTU Nanotech, Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology; Technical University of Denmark; Lyngby 2800 Kgs Denmark
| | - N. B. Larsen
- DTU Nanotech, Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology; Technical University of Denmark; Lyngby 2800 Kgs Denmark
| | - K. Almdal
- DTU Nanotech, Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology; Technical University of Denmark; Lyngby 2800 Kgs Denmark
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46
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Viscoelastic, Spectroscopic and Microscopic Study of the Photo Irradiation Effect on the Stability of PVC in the Presence of Sulfamethoxazole Schiff’s Bases. Polymers (Basel) 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/polym7111508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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47
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Fawcett AS, Hughes TC, Zepeda-Velazquez L, Brook MA. Phototunable Cross-Linked Polysiloxanes. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda S. Fawcett
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main
Street West, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4M1
| | - Timothy C. Hughes
- CSIRO Manufacturing
Flagship, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Laura Zepeda-Velazquez
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main
Street West, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4M1
| | - Michael A. Brook
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main
Street West, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4M1
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48
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Photochemical Stability and Photostabilizing Efficiency of Poly(methyl methacrylate) Based on 2-(6-Methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)propanoate Metal Ion Complexes. Polymers (Basel) 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/polym7061005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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49
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Li R, Liu N, Li B, Wang Y, Wu G, Ma J. Synthesis and properties of temperature-sensitive and chemically crosslinkable poly(ether-urethane) hydrogel. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00181a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The PEU-MA solutions can gelate at physiological temperature, and be further crosslinked by UV light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhi Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of MOE
- Institute of Polymers
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Na Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of MOE
- Institute of Polymers
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Bingqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of MOE
- Institute of Polymers
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Yinong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of MOE
- Institute of Polymers
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Guolin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of MOE
- Institute of Polymers
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Jianbiao Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin 300191
- PR China
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