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Lu Z, Liu C, Li C, Ren J, Yang L. Ultra-High Sensitivity and Temperature-Insensitive Optical Fiber Strain Sensor Based on Dual Air Cavities. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:3165. [PMID: 37110000 PMCID: PMC10145608 DOI: 10.3390/ma16083165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
This study proposed an all-fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) strain sensor with two miniature bubble cavities. The device was fabricated by writing two axial, mutually close short-line structures via femtosecond laser pulse illumination to induce a refractive index modified area in the core of a single-mode fiber (SMF). Subsequently, the gap between the two short lines was discharged with a fusion splicer, resulting in the formation of two adjacent bubbles simultaneously in a standard SMF. When measured directly, the strain sensitivity of dual air cavities is 2.4 pm/με, the same as that of a single bubble. The measurement range for a single bubble is 802.14 µε, while the measurement range for a double bubble is 1734.15 µε. Analysis of the envelope shows that the device possesses a strain sensitivity of up to 32.3 pm/με, which is 13.5 times higher than that of a single air cavity. Moreover, with a maximum temperature sensitivity of only 0.91 pm/°C, the temperature cross sensitivity could be neglected. As the device is based on the internal structure inside the optical fiber, its robustness could be guarantee. The device is simple to prepare, highly sensitive, and has wide application prospects in the field of strain measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqi Lu
- College of Physics and Electronic Science, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China
| | - Changning Liu
- College of Physics and Electronic Science, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China
| | - Chi Li
- College of Physics and Electronic Science, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China
| | - Jie Ren
- College of Physics and Electronic Science, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China
| | - Lun Yang
- Institute for Advanced Materials, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China
- Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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2
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Li Y, Liu Y, Yuan W, Yu C. Simultaneous measurement of axial strain and temperature based on a twin-core single-hole fiber with the optical Vernier effect. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:1705-1720. [PMID: 36785200 DOI: 10.1364/oe.478108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
An ultrasensitive optical fiber sensor based on the optical Vernier effect is proposed for the simultaneous measurement of axial strain and temperature. The sensor structure comprises two cascaded Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) with different free space ranges. The single MZI is built up by fusion splicing a segment of ∼3 mm twin-core single-hole fiber (TCSHF) between two pieces of ∼5 mm none core fibers (NCF). When acting separately, each MZI can respond linearly to the axial strain change with a sensitivity of ∼ 0.6 pm/µε and temperature with a sensitivity of ∼34 pm/°C. When the two MZIs are cascaded in series, the sensitivities are amplified about 30 times because of the optical Vernier effect. Experimental results demonstrate that the cascaded structure exhibits a high axial strain sensitivity of ∼ 17 pm/µε in the range of 0 to 2000 µε and temperature sensitivity of ∼1.16 nm/°C in the range of 30 to 70 °C. Moreover, the cascaded structure can simultaneously measure the axial strain and temperature change in the acceptable error ranges.
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3
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Li Y, Yu C, Lu P. An Optical Fiber Sensor for Axial Strain, Curvature, and Temperature Measurement Based on Single-Core Six-Hole Optical Fiber. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22041666. [PMID: 35214567 PMCID: PMC8877062 DOI: 10.3390/s22041666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the field distribution and effective refractive index of transmission modes in single-core six-hole optical fiber were researched by modeling and simulation experiments. Based on the simulation results, a new type of sensor for axial strain, curvature, and temperature applications measurement was designed and fabricated. The experimental results showed that the axial strain sensitivities at different dips were −0.97 pm/με and −1.05 pm/με in the range from 0 to 2000 με, and the temperature sensitivities were 35.17 pm/°C and 47.27 pm/°C in the range from 25 to 75 °C. In addition, the proposed sensor also detected the curvature change with sensitivities of 7.36 dB/m−1 and 20.08 dB/m−1 from −2.582 m−1 to −1.826 m−1, respectively. Finally, through theoretical analysis, it can be deduced that this has potential application in the field of simultaneous measurement of strain and temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujian Li
- The Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Changyuan Yu
- The Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China;
- Correspondence:
| | - Ping Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Next Generation Internet Access System, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China;
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4
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Hernandez AL, Pujari SP, Laguna MF, Santamaría B, Zuilhof H, Holgado M. Efficient Chemical Surface Modification Protocol on SiO 2 Transducers Applied to MMP9 Biosensing. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21238156. [PMID: 34884157 PMCID: PMC8662398 DOI: 10.3390/s21238156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The bioreceptor immobilization process (biofunctionalization) turns to be one of the bottlenecks when developing a competent and high sensitivity label-free biosensor. Classical approaches seem to be effective but not efficient. Although biosensing capacities are shown in many cases, the performance of the biosensor is truncated by the inefficacious biofunctionalization protocol and the lack of reproducibility. In this work, we describe a unique biofunctionalization protocol based on chemical surface modification through silane chemistry on SiO2 optical sensing transducers. Even though silane chemistry is commonly used for sensing applications, here we present a different mode of operation, applying an unusual silane compound used for this purpose (3-Ethoxydimethylsilyl)propylamine, APDMS, able to create ordered monolayers, and minimizing fouling events. To endorse this protocol as a feasible method for biofunctionalization, we performed multiple surface characterization techniques after all the process steps: Contact angle (CA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ellipsometry, and fluorescence microscopy. Finally, to evidence the outputs from the SiO2 surface characterization, we used those SiO2 surfaces as optical transducers for the label-free biosensing of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9). We found and demonstrated that the originally designed protocol is reproducible, stable, and suitable for SiO2-based optical sensing transducers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L. Hernandez
- Centre for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcon, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (M.F.L.); (B.S.); (M.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-609-0020134
| | - Sidharam P. Pujari
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, WE 6708 Wageningen, The Netherlands; (S.P.P.); (H.Z.)
| | - María F. Laguna
- Centre for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcon, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (M.F.L.); (B.S.); (M.H.)
- Department of Applied Physics, Escuela Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, C/Jose Gutierrez Abascal, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Santamaría
- Centre for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcon, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (M.F.L.); (B.S.); (M.H.)
- Department of Chemical, Mechanical and Industrial Design Engineering, ETS de Ingeniería y Diseño Industrial, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ronda de Valencia 3, 28012 Madrid, Spain
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, WE 6708 Wageningen, The Netherlands; (S.P.P.); (H.Z.)
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Miguel Holgado
- Centre for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcon, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (M.F.L.); (B.S.); (M.H.)
- Department of Applied Physics, Escuela Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, C/Jose Gutierrez Abascal, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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5
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Murillo AMM, Tomé-Amat J, Ramírez Y, Garrido-Arandia M, Valle LG, Hernández-Ramírez G, Tramarin L, Herreros P, Santamaría B, Díaz-Perales A, Holgado M. Developing an Optical Interferometric Detection Method based biosensor for detecting specific SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulins in Serum and Saliva, and their corresponding ELISA correlation. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2021; 345:130394. [PMID: 34248283 PMCID: PMC8253720 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2021.130394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The standard rapid approach for the diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA. The detection of specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulins is crucial for screening people who have been exposed to the virus, whether or not they presented symptoms. Recent publications report different methods for the detection of specific IgGs, IgMs, and IgAs against SARS-CoV-2; these methods mainly detect immunoglobulins in the serum using conventional techniques such as rapid lateral flow tests or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In this article, we report the production of recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and the development of a rapid, reliable, cost-effective test, capable of detecting immunoglobulins in serum and saliva samples. This method is based on interferometric optical detection. The results obtained using this method and those obtained using ELISA were compared. Owing to its low cost and simplicity, this test can be used periodically for the early detection, surveillance, detection of immunity, and control of the spread of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M M Murillo
- Center for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM, Campus de Montegancedo, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
- BioOptical Detection SL, Centro de Empresas, Campus Montegancedo, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Tomé-Amat
- Center for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM. Campus de Montegancedo. 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Y Ramírez
- Center for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM, Campus de Montegancedo, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
- BioOptical Detection SL, Centro de Empresas, Campus Montegancedo, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Garrido-Arandia
- Center for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM. Campus de Montegancedo. 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - L G Valle
- Center for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM, Campus de Montegancedo, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
- Group of Organ and Tissue on-a-chip and In-Vitro Detection, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC. C/ Profesor Martín Lagos s/n, 4ª Planta Sur 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - G Hernández-Ramírez
- Center for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM. Campus de Montegancedo. 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Tramarin
- Center for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM, Campus de Montegancedo, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
- Group of Organ and Tissue on-a-chip and In-Vitro Detection, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC. C/ Profesor Martín Lagos s/n, 4ª Planta Sur 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, C/José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Herreros
- Center for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM, Campus de Montegancedo, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
- Group of Organ and Tissue on-a-chip and In-Vitro Detection, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC. C/ Profesor Martín Lagos s/n, 4ª Planta Sur 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, C/José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - B Santamaría
- Center for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM, Campus de Montegancedo, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
- Group of Organ and Tissue on-a-chip and In-Vitro Detection, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC. C/ Profesor Martín Lagos s/n, 4ª Planta Sur 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Díaz-Perales
- Center for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM. Campus de Montegancedo. 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
- Group of Organ and Tissue on-a-chip and In-Vitro Detection, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC. C/ Profesor Martín Lagos s/n, 4ª Planta Sur 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Holgado
- Center for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM, Campus de Montegancedo, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
- Group of Organ and Tissue on-a-chip and In-Vitro Detection, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC. C/ Profesor Martín Lagos s/n, 4ª Planta Sur 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, C/José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain
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6
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Hasan MM, Taher HJ. Optical fiber bi-directional strain sensor based on coreless fiber. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-021-01983-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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7
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Adão RMR, Caño-García M, Maibohm C, Nieder JB. Photonic polymeric structures and electrodynamics simulation method based on a coupled oscillator finite-difference time-domain (O-FDTD) approach. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:11903-11916. [PMID: 33984962 DOI: 10.1364/oe.414211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We use femtosecond laser-based two-photon polymerization (TPP) to fabricate a 2.5D micropillar array. Using an angular detection setup, we characterize the structure's scattering properties and compare the results against simulation results obtained from a novel electrodynamics simulation method. The algorithm employs a modified formulation of the Lorentz Oscillator Model and a leapfrog time differentiation to define a 2D coupled Oscillator Finite-Difference Time-Domain (O-FDTD). We validate the model by presenting several simulation examples that cover a wide range of photonic components, such as multi-mode interference splitters, photonic crystals, ring resonators, and Mach-Zehnder interferometers.
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8
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A Low-Cost High-Temperature Sensor Based on Long-Period Fiber/Microfiber Gratings by Local Fictive Temperature Modification. J CHEM-NY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/9076874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A high temperature-sensitive long-period fiber grating (LPFG) sensor fabricated by the local fictive temperature modification is proposed and demonstrated. High-frequency CO2 laser pulses scan standard single-mode fiber (SMF), and the modification zones extended to the core of SMF. Experimental results demonstrate that the LPFG temperature sensors with 600 μm grating period and 32 period numbers offer the average sensitivity of 0.084 nm/C in the temperature range of room temperature (RM) to 875°C. The LPFGs fabricated here show exponential change in terms of the spectral wavelength shift versus changes in temperature. In addition, the maximum temperature sensitivity of 0.37 nm/C is achieved by employing long-period microfiber grating (LPMFG), fabricated by the microheater brushing technique and the local fictive temperature modification. LPMFG sensor exhibits better temperature characteristics due to a thinner diameter.
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9
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Sensitivity-Enhanced Extrinsic Fabry-Perot Interferometric Fiber-Optic Microcavity Strain Sensor. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19194097. [PMID: 31546742 PMCID: PMC6806183 DOI: 10.3390/s19194097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study presents an extrinsic Fabry–Perot interferometric (EFPI) fiber-optic strain sensor with a very short cavity. The sensor consists of two vertically cut standard single-mode fibers (SMFs) and a glass capillary with a length of several centimeters. The two SMFs penetrate into the glass capillary and are fixed at its two ends with the use of ultraviolet (UV) curable adhesives. Based on the use of the lengthy glass capillary sensitive element, the strain sensitivity can be greatly enhanced. Experiments showed that the microcavity EPFI strain sensor with initial cavity lengths of 20 μm, 30 μm, and 40 μm, and a capillary length of 40 mm, can yield respective cavity length–strain sensitivities of 15.928 nm/με, 25.281 nm/με, and 40.178 nm/με, while its linearity was very close to unity for strain measurements spanning a range in excess of 3500 με. Furthermore, the strain–temperature cross-sensitivity was extremely low.
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Portosi V, Laneve D, Falconi MC, Prudenzano F. Advances on Photonic Crystal Fiber Sensors and Applications. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19081892. [PMID: 31010065 PMCID: PMC6515229 DOI: 10.3390/s19081892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In this review paper some recent advances on optical sensors based on photonic crystal fibres are reported. The different strategies successfully applied in order to obtain feasible and reliable monitoring systems in several application fields, including medicine, biology, environment sustainability, communications systems are highlighted. Emphasis is given to the exploitation of integrated systems and/or single elements based on photonic crystal fibers employing Bragg gratings (FBGs), long period gratings (LPGs), interferometers, plasmon propagation, off-set spliced fibers, evanescent field and hollow core geometries. Examples of recent optical fiber sensors for the measurement of strain, temperature, displacement, air flow, pressure, liquid-level, magnetic field, and hydrocarbon detection are briefly described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenza Portosi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica e dell'Informazione, Politecnico di Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Dario Laneve
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica e dell'Informazione, Politecnico di Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Mario Christian Falconi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica e dell'Informazione, Politecnico di Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Francesco Prudenzano
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica e dell'Informazione, Politecnico di Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
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11
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Hernandez AL, Dortu F, Veenstra T, Ciaurriz P, Casquel R, Cornago I, Horsten HV, Tellechea E, Maigler MV, Fernández F, Holgado M. Automated Chemical Sensing Unit Integration for Parallel Optical Interrogation. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19040878. [PMID: 30791592 PMCID: PMC6412770 DOI: 10.3390/s19040878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We report the integration of an automated chemical optical sensing unit for the parallel interrogation of 12 BICELLs in a sensing chip. The work was accomplished under the European Project Enviguard (FP7-OCEAN-2013-614057) with the aim of demonstrating an optical nano-biosensing unit for the in-situ detection of various chemical pollutants simultaneously in oceanic waters. In this context, we designed an optical sensing chip based on resonant nanopillars (R-NPs) transducers organized in a layout of twelve biophotonic sensing cells (BICELLs). The sensing chip is interrogated in reflection with a 12-channels optical spectrometer equipped with an embedded computer-on-chip performing image processing for the simultaneous acquisition and analysis (resonant mode fitting) of the 12 spectra. A microfluidic chip and an automated flow control system composed of four pumps and a multi-path micro-valve makes it possible to drive different complex protocols. A rack was designed ad-hoc for the integration of all the modules. As a proof of concept, fluids of different refractive index (RI) were flowed in the system in order to measure the time response (sensogram) of the R-NPs under optical reflectance, and assess the sensors’ bulk sensitivity (285.9 ± 16.4 nm/RIU) and Limit of Detection (LoD) (2.95 × 10−6 RIUS). The real-time response under continuous flow of a sensor chip based on R-NP is showed for the first time, obtaining 12 sensograms simultaneously, featuring the unit as a potential excellent multiplexed detection system. These results indicate the high potential of the developed chemical sensing unit to be used for in-situ, multiplex and automatic optical biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Hernandez
- Centre for Biomedical Technology, Optics, Photonics and Biophotonics Laboratory, Campus Montegancedo, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Fabian Dortu
- Multitel, Parc Initialis 2, Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 7000 Mons, Belgium.
| | - Theo Veenstra
- LioniX International BV, Hengelosestraat 500, 7521AN Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Paula Ciaurriz
- Naitec, Polígono Mocholí, Plaza Cein, 4, 31110 Noain, Spain.
| | - Rafael Casquel
- Centre for Biomedical Technology, Optics, Photonics and Biophotonics Laboratory, Campus Montegancedo, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Iñaki Cornago
- Naitec, Polígono Mocholí, Plaza Cein, 4, 31110 Noain, Spain.
| | - Hendrik V Horsten
- Multitel, Parc Initialis 2, Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 7000 Mons, Belgium.
| | | | - María V Maigler
- Bio Optical Detection, Centro de empresas de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Miguel Holgado
- Centre for Biomedical Technology, Optics, Photonics and Biophotonics Laboratory, Campus Montegancedo, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain.
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