1
|
Gomes DS, Miranda FR, Fernandes KM, Farder-Gomes CF, Bastos DSS, Bernardes RC, Serrão JE. Acute exposure to fungicide fluazinam induces cell death in the midgut, oxidative stress and alters behavior of the stingless bee Partamona helleri (Hymenoptera: Apidae). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 282:116677. [PMID: 38971098 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Stingless bees (Hymenoptera: Meliponini) are pollinators of both cultivated and wild crop plants in the Neotropical region. However, they are susceptible to pesticide exposure during foraging activities. The fungicide fluazinam is commonly applied in bean and sunflower cultivation during the flowering period, posing a potential risk to the stingless bee Partamona helleri, which serves as a pollinator for these crops. In this study, we investigated the impact of acute oral exposure (24 h) fluazinam on the survival, morphology and cell death signaling pathways in the midgut, oxidative stress and behavior of P. helleri worker bees. Worker bees were exposed for 24 h to fluazinam (field concentrations 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 mg a.i. mL-1), diluted in 50 % honey aqueous solution. After oral exposure, fluazinam did not harm the survival of worker bees. However, sublethal effects were revealed using the highest concentration of fluazinam (2.5 mg a.i. mL-1), particularly a reduction in food consumption, damage in the midgut epithelium, characterized by degeneration of the brush border, an increase in the number and size of cytoplasm vacuoles, condensation of nuclear chromatin, and an increase in the release of cell fragments into the gut lumen. Bees exposed to fluazinam exhibited an increase in cells undergoing autophagy and apoptosis, indicating cell death in the midgut epithelium. Furthermore, the fungicide induced oxidative stress as evidenced by an increase in total antioxidant and catalase enzyme activities, along with a decrease in glutathione S-transferase activity. And finally, fluazinam altered the walking behavior of bees, which could potentially impede their foraging activities. In conclusion, our findings indicate that fluazinam at field concentrations is not lethal for workers P. helleri. Nevertheless, it has side effects on midgut integrity, oxidative stress and worker bee behavior, pointing to potential risks for this pollinator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davy Soares Gomes
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Franciane Rosa Miranda
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Kenner Morais Fernandes
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Cliver Fernandes Farder-Gomes
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Matemática e Educação, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Campus Araras, Araras, São Paulo 13.600-970, Brazil
| | - Daniel Silva Sena Bastos
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | - José Eduardo Serrão
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Leocádio RRV, Segundo AKR, Pessin G. A Brazilian native bee ( Tetragonisca angustula) dataset for computer vision. Data Brief 2024; 55:110659. [PMID: 39044906 PMCID: PMC11263801 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2024.110659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Jataí is a pollinator of some crops; therefore, its sustainable management guarantees quality in the ecosystem services provided and implementation in precision agriculture. We acquired videos of natural and artificial hives in urban and rural environments with a camera positioned at the hive entrance. In this way, we obtained videos of the entrance of several colonies for multiple bee tracking and removed images from the videos for bee detectors. This data, their respective labels, and metadata make up the dataset. The dataset displays potential for utilization in computer vision tasks such as comparative studies of deep learning models. They can also integrate intelligent monitoring systems for natural and artificial hives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Rocha Vieira Leocádio
- PPGCC - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Computação, Campus morro do Cruzeiro - ICEB, Rua Quatro, S/N - CEP 35402-136, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto MG, Brazil
| | - Alan Kardek Rêgo Segundo
- PPGCC - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Computação, Campus morro do Cruzeiro - ICEB, Rua Quatro, S/N - CEP 35402-136, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto MG, Brazil
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale – Mineração, Campus morro do Cruzeiro – Escola de Minas, Rua Nove, S/N - CEP 35402-163, Ouro Preto MG, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Pessin
- PPGCC - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Computação, Campus morro do Cruzeiro - ICEB, Rua Quatro, S/N - CEP 35402-136, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto MG, Brazil
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale – Mineração, Campus morro do Cruzeiro – Escola de Minas, Rua Nove, S/N - CEP 35402-163, Ouro Preto MG, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Farder-Gomes CF, Miranda FR, Bernardes RC, Bastos DSS, Gomes DS, da Silva FP, Gonçalves PL, Arndt S, da Silva Xavier A, Zago HB, Serrão JE, Martins GF, de Oliveira LL, Fernandes KM. Exposure to the herbicide tebuthiuron affects behavior, enzymatic activity, morphology and physiology of the midgut of the stingless bee Partamona helleri. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 110:104516. [PMID: 39032582 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Partamona helleri is an important pollinator in the Neotropics. However, this bee faces an increased risk of pesticide exposure, potentially affecting both individual bees and entire colonies. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of the herbicide tebuthiuron on behavior, antioxidant activity, midgut morphology, and signaling pathways related to cell death, cell proliferation and differentiation in P. helleri workers. tebuthiuron significantly reduced locomotor activity and induced morphological changes in the midgut. The activity of the detoxification enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase increased after exposure, indicating a detoxification mechanism. Furthermore, the herbicide led to alterations in the number of positive cells for signaling-pathway proteins in the midgut of bees, suggesting induction of apoptotic cell death and disruption of midgut epithelial regeneration. Therefore, tebuthiuron may negatively impact the behavior, antioxidant activity, morphology, and physiology of P. helleri workers, potentially posing a threat to the survival of this non-target organism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Franciane Rosa Miranda
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil.
| | | | - Daniel Silva Sena Bastos
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - Davy Soares Gomes
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Pereira da Silva
- Department of Agronomy, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo - Campus Alegre, Alegre, Espírito Santo 29500-000, Brazil.
| | - Pollyana Leão Gonçalves
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - Stella Arndt
- Department of Agronomy, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo - Campus Alegre, Alegre, Espírito Santo 29500-000, Brazil.
| | - André da Silva Xavier
- Department of Agronomy, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo - Campus Alegre, Alegre, Espírito Santo 29500-000, Brazil.
| | - Hugo Bolsoni Zago
- Department of Agronomy, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo - Campus Alegre, Alegre, Espírito Santo 29500-000, Brazil.
| | - José Eduardo Serrão
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo Ferreira Martins
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil.
| | | | - Kenner Morais Fernandes
- Department of Agronomy, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo - Campus Alegre, Alegre, Espírito Santo 29500-000, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Graebin A, Amaral KD, Lira DC, Collares LJ, Bernardes RC, Turchen LM, Della-Lucia TMC, Guedes RNC. Nasturtium leaf compounds, diphenyl disulfide and lyral, against Atta sexdens (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and their symbiotic fungi. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2024:toae154. [PMID: 39023256 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toae154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Social insect pests, particularly leaf-cutting ants, present a considerable challenge in terms of control. Leaf-cutting ants are significant agricultural, forestry, and pasture pests, and understanding their behavior and defense mechanisms is essential for managing their colonies effectively. While toxic ant baits are a primary control method, the limited availability of effective insecticides and concerns over their hazardous nature has spurred the search for alternative solutions, particularly natural compounds, which aligns with the goals of forest certification groups. In the light of previous evidence demonstrating the efficacy of nasturtium leaves (Tropaeolum majus L. (Brassicales: Tropaeolaceae)) in suppressing leaf-cutting ant colonies, this study investigates 2 active components of nasturtium leaf extracts: diphenyl disulfide and lyral. We tested their impact on Atta sexdens (L.) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), the most prevalent leaf-cutter ant species in Brazil, and their symbiotic fungus, Leucoagaricus gongylophorus (Möller) Singer (Agaricales: Agaricaceae). We conducted experiments with increasing concentrations of diphenyl disulfide and lyral, assessing their effects on the symbiotic fungus and on forager workers and gardeners of A. sexdens colonies. Our findings revealed no fungicidal activity, and ant mortality was minimal in both topical and ingestion bioassays with the exception of gardeners topically exposed to diphenyl sulfide. Furthermore, the compounds did not affect leaf ingestion, but diphenyl disulfide did increase interactions among foragers. These results suggest that neither diphenyl disulfide nor lyral are the primary contributors to the suppression of leaf-cutting ant colonies by nasturtium leaves. However, they may enhance the formicidal activity of other compounds present in nasturtium leaves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Graebin
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Karina D Amaral
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Davi C Lira
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Lara J Collares
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo C Bernardes
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Leonardo M Turchen
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | | | - Raul Narciso C Guedes
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Brown RE. Measuring the replicability of our own research. J Neurosci Methods 2024; 406:110111. [PMID: 38521128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
In the study of transgenic mouse models of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders, we use batteries of tests to measure deficits in behaviour and from the results of these tests, we make inferences about the mental states of the mice that we interpret as deficits in "learning", "memory", "anxiety", "depression", etc. This paper discusses the problems of determining whether a particular transgenic mouse is a valid mouse model of disease X, the problem of background strains, and the question of whether our behavioural tests are measuring what we say they are. The problem of the reliability of results is then discussed: are they replicable between labs and can we replicate our results in our own lab? This involves the study of intra- and inter- experimenter reliability. The variables that influence replicability and the importance of conducting a complete behavioural phenotype: sensory, motor, cognitive and social emotional behaviour are discussed. Then the thorny question of failure to replicate is examined: Is it a curse or a blessing? Finally, the role of failure in research and what it tells us about our research paradigms is examined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard E Brown
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Farder-Gomes CF, Miranda FR, Fernandes KM, Bernardes RC, Sena Bastos DS, Licursi de Oliveira L, Martins GF, Serrão JE. Exposure to low-concentration fipronil impairs survival, behavior, midgut morphology and physiology of Aedes aegypti larvae. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 358:142240. [PMID: 38705417 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The Aedes aegypti mosquito is a vector for various arboviruses, including dengue and yellow fever. Insecticides, such as pyrethroids and organophosphates, are widely used to manage and control these insects. However, mosquitoes have developed resistance to these chemicals. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of the commercial formulation of fipronil (Tuit® Florestal; 80% purity) on the survival, behavior, morphology, and proteins related to signaling pathways of the midgut in A. aegypti larvae under controlled laboratory conditions. Significant reductions in immature survival were observed in all concentrations of fipronil tested. Low insecticide concentration (0.5 ppb) led to decreased locomotor activity in the larvae and caused disorganization of the epithelial tissue in the midgut. Moreover, exposure to the insecticide decreased the activity of detoxifying enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione-S-transferase. On the other hand, the insecticide increased protein oxidation and nitric oxide levels. The detection of LC3, caspase-3, and JNK proteins, related to autophagy and apoptosis, increased after exposure. However, there was a decrease in the positive cells for ERK 1/2. Furthermore, the treatment with fipronil decreased the number of positive cells for the proteins FMRF, Prospero, PH3, Wg, Armadillo, Notch, and Delta, which are related to cell proliferation and differentiation. These findings demonstrate that even at low concentrations, fipronil exerts larvicidal effects on A. aegypti by affecting behavior and enzymatic detoxification, inducing protein oxidation, free radical generation, midgut damage and cell death, and inhibiting cell proliferation and differentiation. Thus, this insecticide may represent a viable alternative for controlling the spread of this vector.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Franciane Rosa Miranda
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - Kenner Morais Fernandes
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil.
| | | | - Daniel Silva Sena Bastos
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil.
| | | | - Gustavo Ferreira Martins
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - José Eduardo Serrão
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Farder-Gomes CF, de Oliveira MA, Malaspina O, Nocelli RFC. Exposure of the stingless bee Melipona scutellaris to imidacloprid, pyraclostrobin, and glyphosate, alone and in combination, impair its walking activity and fat body morphology and physiology. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 348:123783. [PMID: 38490525 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The stingless bee Melipona scutellaris performs buzz pollination, effectively pollinating several wild plants and crops with economic relevance. However, most research has focused on honeybees, leaving a significant gap in studies concerning native species, particularly regarding the impacts of pesticide combinations on these pollinators. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the sublethal effects of imidacloprid (IMD), pyraclostrobin (PYR), and glyphosate (GLY) on the behavior and fat body cell morphology and physiology of M. scutellaris. Foragers were orally exposed to the different pesticides alone and in combination for 48 h. Bees fed with contaminated solution walked less, moved slower, presented morphological changes in the fat body, including vacuolization, altered cell shape and nuclei morphology, and exhibited a higher count of altered oenocytes and trophocytes. In all exposed groups, alone and in combination, the number of cells expressing caspase-3 increased, but the TLR4 number of cells expressing decreased compared to the control groups. The intensity of HSP70 immunolabeling increased compared to the control groups. However, the intensity of the immunolabeling of HSP90 decreased in the IMD, GLY, and I + G (IMD + GLY) groups but increased in I + P-exposed bees (IMD + PYR). Alternatively, exposure to PYR and P + G (PYR + GLY) did not affect the immunolabeling intensity. Our findings demonstrate the hazardous effects and environmental consequences of isolated and combined pesticides on a vital neotropical pollinator. Understanding how pesticides impact the fat body can provide crucial insights into the overall health and survival of native bee populations, which can help develop more environmentally friendly approaches to agricultural practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cliver Fernandes Farder-Gomes
- Departamento de Ciências da Natureza, Matemática e Educação, Universidade Federal de São Carlos Campus Araras, Araras, SP, 13600-970, Brazil.
| | - Marco Antônio de Oliveira
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa Campus Florestal, Florestal, MG, 35690-000, Brazil.
| | - Osmar Malaspina
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) - "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Instituto de Biociências (IB), Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil.
| | - Roberta Ferreira Cornélio Nocelli
- Departamento de Ciências da Natureza, Matemática e Educação, Universidade Federal de São Carlos Campus Araras, Araras, SP, 13600-970, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
de Souza AR, Bernardes RC, Barbosa WF, Dos Santos Araújo R, Martins GF, Lima MAP. A mixture of mesotrione and atrazine harms adults and larvae of the predatory wasp Polistes satan. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 923:171526. [PMID: 38458447 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Herbicides have been intensively used for weed control, raising concerns about their potentially adverse effects on non-target organisms. Research on the effects of these common agrochemicals on beneficial insects and the ecosystem services they provide (e.g., predation and pollination) is scarce. Therefore, we tested whether a commercial formulation comprising a mixture of mesotrione and atrazine was detrimental to adult females and larvae of the Neotropical predatory social wasp Polistes satan, which is an effective natural enemy of crop pests. Wasps were individually fed syrups contaminated with different concentrations of the herbicide above and below the maximum label rate (MLR = 12 mL/L). Survival was assessed. The locomotor activity, immune response, and midgut morphology of adults as well as the immune response of the larvae were also studied. Herbicide concentrations far above the MLR (12, 40, and 100 times) caused adult mortality, whereas lower concentrations (0.5, 1, and 6 times) did not. Herbicide exposure at 0.5 to 12 times the MLR increased adult activity. Adult exposure at 0.1 or 0.5 times the MLR did not affect melanotic encapsulation of foreign bodies but led to changes in the morphology of the midgut epithelium and peritrophic matrix. In larvae, the ingestion of herbicide at 0.1 or 0.2 times the MLR (corresponding to 9.6 and 19.2 ng of herbicide per individual) did not cause mortality but decreased their melanization-encapsulation response. Increased locomotor activity in herbicide-exposed adults can affect their foraging activity. The altered midgut morphology of adults coupled with the decreased immune response in larvae caused by herbicide exposure at realistic concentrations can increase the susceptibility of wasps to infections. Therefore, herbicides are toxic to predatory wasps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André Rodrigues de Souza
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Renan Dos Santos Araújo
- Istituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Campus Universitário do Araguaia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Pontal do Araguaia, MT, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Farder-Gomes CF, Grella TC, Malaspina O, Nocelli RFC. Exposure to sublethal concentrations of imidacloprid, pyraclostrobin, and glyphosate harm the behavior and fat body cells of the stingless bee Scaptotrigona postica. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:168072. [PMID: 37879468 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide use in agriculture threatens non-target insects such as bees. Considering the ecological and economic relevance of native bees, such as Scaptotrigona postica, and the insufficient studies on the effects of pesticides on their behavior and physiology, improving the current knowledge on this issue is essential. Therefore, this study investigated the sublethal effects of imidacloprid, pyraclostrobin, and glyphosate on the behavior and fat body cells of S. postica. Pesticide ingestion decreased the walking distance and mean velocity of bees compared to the control and solvent control groups. The oenocytes of the control groups were spherical, with central nuclei containing decondensed chromatin, and the trophocytes presented irregular morphology, with cells varying in shape and the cytoplasm filled with vacuoles and granules. However, bees exposed to pesticides showed extensive cytoarchitectural disruption in the fat body, such as vacuolization and shape changes in oenocytes and altered nuclei morphology in trophocytes. Moreover, pesticide exposure increased the number of atypical oenocytes and altered trophocytes, except for the PYR group, which showed a lower number of atypical oenocytes. Caspase-positive labeling significantly increased in all exposed bee groups. Alternatively, TLR4 labeling was significantly decreased in the exposed groups compared to the control groups. There was a significant increase in HSP90 immunolabeling in all exposed groups compared to the control. These findings reinforce the importance of research on the sublethal effects of low pesticide concentrations on key neotropical pollinators and prove that these toxic substances can impair their detoxification and immune defense.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cliver Fernandes Farder-Gomes
- Departamento de Ciências da Natureza, Matemática e Educação, Universidade Federal de São Carlos Campus Araras, Araras, SP 13.600-970, Brazil.
| | - Tatiane Caroline Grella
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) - "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Instituto de Biociências (IB), Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Rio Claro, SP 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Osmar Malaspina
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) - "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Instituto de Biociências (IB), Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Rio Claro, SP 13506-900, Brazil.
| | - Roberta Ferreira Cornélio Nocelli
- Departamento de Ciências da Natureza, Matemática e Educação, Universidade Federal de São Carlos Campus Araras, Araras, SP 13.600-970, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Paula MCD, Batista NR, Cunha DADS, Santos PGD, Antonialli-Junior WF, Cardoso CAL, Simionatto E. Impacts of the insecticide thiamethoxam on the native stingless bee Plebeia catamarcensis (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Meliponini). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 339:122742. [PMID: 37839683 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural production and the indiscriminate use of insecticides such as thiamethoxam have put at risk the biodiversity and ecosystem services provided by bees, including native stingless species. Since most of the native species do not present economic importance, they may suffer "silent extinction", due to lack of monitoring of their colonies. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the lethal and sublethal concentrations of the insecticide thiamethoxam, with evaluation of its sublethal effects on mobility, in the stingless bee Plebeia catamarcensis (Holmberg, 1903). Foraging bees were collected and exposed to thiamethoxam to determine lethal (LC50) and sublethal concentrations. The 24 h LC50 was 0.408 ng a.i./μL, a value demonstrating that this species may be as sensitive as other stingless bees already studied. Sublethal concentrations influenced the locomotion abilities of the bees, making them hyperactive when exposed to LC50/10 and lethargic when exposed to LC50/100. The effects of sublethal concentrations on individuals may have collective consequences, especially in colonies with few individuals, as is the case of P. catamarcensis. The findings reinforce the hypothesis that thiamethoxam may contribute to the decline of native stingless bees, which can be significantly impacted when chronically exposed to agricultural production systems that use this insecticide, consequently affecting the ecosystem services provided by these bees.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Castro de Paula
- Laboratório de Óleos e Extratos (LAPOEX), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais (PGRN), Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), CEP, 79950-000, Naviraí, MS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais (PGRN), Centro de Estudos em Recursos Naturais (CERNA), Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), PC 351, CEP, 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
| | - Nathan Rodrigues Batista
- Laboratório de Ecologia Comportamental (LABECO), Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), CP 351, CEP, 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), PC 533, CEP, 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
| | - Dayana Alves da Silva Cunha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais (PGRN), Centro de Estudos em Recursos Naturais (CERNA), Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), PC 351, CEP, 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil; Laboratório de Ecologia Comportamental (LABECO), Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), CP 351, CEP, 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
| | - Poliana Galvão Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Ecologia Comportamental (LABECO), Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), CP 351, CEP, 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), PC 533, CEP, 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
| | - William Fernando Antonialli-Junior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais (PGRN), Centro de Estudos em Recursos Naturais (CERNA), Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), PC 351, CEP, 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil; Laboratório de Ecologia Comportamental (LABECO), Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), CP 351, CEP, 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), PC 533, CEP, 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
| | - Claudia Andrea Lima Cardoso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais (PGRN), Centro de Estudos em Recursos Naturais (CERNA), Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), PC 351, CEP, 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
| | - Euclésio Simionatto
- Laboratório de Óleos e Extratos (LAPOEX), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais (PGRN), Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), CEP, 79950-000, Naviraí, MS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais (PGRN), Centro de Estudos em Recursos Naturais (CERNA), Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), PC 351, CEP, 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Batista NR, Farder-Gomes CF, Nocelli RCF, Antonialli-Junior WF. Effects of chronic exposure to sublethal doses of neonicotinoids in the social wasp Polybia paulista: Survival, mobility, and histopathology. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166823. [PMID: 37683853 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have investigated the consequences of exposure to neonicotinoids in honeybees. Given the lack of studies concerning the consequences of exposure of social wasps to neonicotinoids, as well as the ecological importance of these insects, the objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that chronic exposure to sublethal concentrations of thiamethoxam decreases survival and mobility by causing damage to the brain and midgut of the social wasp Polybia paulista. The wasps were exposed to different concentrations of thiamethoxam, in order to obtain the mean lethal concentration (LC50), which was used as a reference for calculation of two sublethal concentrations (LC50/100 and LC50/10) employed in subsequent experiments. To calculate survival, groups of exposed (EW) and unexposed (UW) wasps were monitored until death, allowing calculation of the average lethal time. The EW and UW groups were evaluated after 12, 24, 48, and 72 h of exposure, considering their mobility and histopathological parameters of the midgut and brain. A lesion index based on semiquantitative analyses was used for comparison of histopathological damage. The results demonstrated that exposure to the LC50/10 led to a significantly shorter survival time of the P. paulista workers, compared to unexposed wasps. In addition, both sublethal concentrations decreased mobility and caused damage to the intestine (loss of brush border, presence of spherocrystals, loss of cytoplasmic material, and pyknosis) and the brain (loss of cell contact and pyknosis), regardless of the exposure time. The findings showed that, like bees, social wasps are nontarget insects susceptible to the detrimental consequences of neonicotinoid use, with exposure leading to impaired survival, locomotion, and physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Rodrigues Batista
- Centro de Estudos em Recursos Naturais, Laboratório de Ecologia Comportamental, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Dourados, MS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
| | - Cliver Fernandes Farder-Gomes
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos Campus Araras, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Ciências da Natureza, Matemática e Educação, Rodovia Anhanguera (SP-330), Km 174, Araras, SP, 13600-970, Brazil
| | - Roberta Cornélio Ferreira Nocelli
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos Campus Araras, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Ciências da Natureza, Matemática e Educação, Rodovia Anhanguera (SP-330), Km 174, Araras, SP, 13600-970, Brazil
| | - William Fernando Antonialli-Junior
- Centro de Estudos em Recursos Naturais, Laboratório de Ecologia Comportamental, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Dourados, MS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Araújo RDS, Viana TA, Botina LL, Bastos DSS, da Silva Alves BC, Machado-Neves M, Bernardes RC, Martins GF. Investigating the effects of mesotrione/atrazine-based herbicide on honey bee foragers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 898:165526. [PMID: 37451454 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
A mixture of the herbicides mesotrione and atrazine (Calaris®) is a widely used herbicide in agriculture in several countries. However, the possible toxicological effects of this formulation on non-target organisms require investigation. In this study, the effects of acute oral exposure to Calaris® were evaluated in Apis mellifera foragers. The effect of seven different concentrations of Calaris® on survival and sucrose consumption was studied, while the recommended concentration for field use (FC) and its 10× dilution (0.1 FC) were used to assess overall locomotor activity, respiratory rate, flight, midgut morphology, oxidative and nitrosative stresses, and hemocyte counting. The exposure to FC or 0.1 FC decreased locomotor activity and induced damage to the midgut epithelium. Additionally, the two tested concentrations reduced superoxide dismutase activity, nitric oxide levels, and total hemocyte count. FC also increased malondialdehyde content and 0.1 FC increased respiratory rate and decreased the proportion of prohemocytes. Overall, our findings evidenced significant harmful effects on A. mellifera foragers resulting from the ingestion of the Calaris® herbicide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renan Dos Santos Araújo
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 78698-000 Pontal do Araguaia, MT, Brazil.
| | - Thaís Andrade Viana
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| | - Lorena Lisbetd Botina
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Mariana Machado-Neves
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Botina LL, Barbosa WF, Acosta JPL, Bernardes RC, Cortes JEQ, Pylro VS, Mendonça AC, Barbosa RC, Lima MAP, Martins GF. The impact of early-life exposure to three agrochemicals on survival, behavior, and gut microbiota of stingless bees (Partamona helleri). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27385-4. [PMID: 37147541 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27385-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, agrochemicals have been partially associated with a global reduction in bees' population. Toxicological assessment is therefore crucial for understanding the overall agrochemical risks to stingless bees. Therefore, the lethal and sublethal effects of agrochemicals commonly used in crops (copper sulfate, glyphosate, and spinosad) on the behavior and gut microbiota of the stingless bee, Partamona helleri, were assessed using chronic exposure during the larval stage. When used at the field-recommended rates, both copper sulfate (200 µg of active ingredient/bee; a.i µg bee-1) and spinosad (8.16 a.i µg bee-1) caused a decrease in bee survival, while glyphosate (148 a.i µg bee-1) did not show any significant effects. No significant adverse effects on bee development were observed in any treatment with CuSO4 or glyphosate, but spinosad (0.08 or 0.03 a.i µg bee -1) increased the number of deformed bees and reduced their body mass. Agrochemicals changed the behavior of bees and composition of the gut microbiota of adult bees, and metals such as copper accumulated in the bees' bodies. The response of bees to agrochemicals depends on the class or dose of the ingested compound. In vitro rearing of stingless bees' larvae is a useful tool to elucidate the sublethal effects of agrochemicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Lisbetd Botina
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - Wagner Faria Barbosa
- Departamento de Estatística, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Lima Acosta
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Victor Satler Pylro
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras - UFLA, Lavras, MG, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Adriana Corrêa Mendonça
- Departamento de Ciência de Solos, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Renata Cristina Barbosa
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
de Mendonça THC, Silva CR, Watanabe SYM, Silva AFN, Santos REC, Cristaldo PF. How to perceive the insecticide? The Neotropical termite Nasutitermes corniger (Termitidae: Nasutitermitinae) triggers alert behavior after exposure to imidacloprid. Behav Processes 2023; 209:104887. [PMID: 37150334 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2023.104887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In eusocial insects, alarm signaling is used to inform nestmates about threats such as predators, competitors, and pathogens. Such behavior is important for the survival of colonies. However, studies evaluating the effect of insecticides on the alarm in termites have not yet been reported. Here, we inspected the effects of insecticide on alarm communication in Nasutitermes corniger. Specifically, we test the following hypotheses: (1) termite groups exposed to insecticide imidacloprid increase the body shaking movements, displaying an alert behavior; and (2) the alert behavior displayed after exposition to insecticide is dose dependent. Bioassays were conducted evaluating the body shaking movements and walking activity of termite groups exposed and non-exposed to insecticide. Thereafter, body shaking movements were evaluated in groups submitted to different doses of insecticide. In general, exposing termite groups to insecticide resulted in significantly higher body shaking movements compared to non-exposed groups. There was a positive effect of imidacloprid doses on the shaking movements. Walking activity, however, decreases in those groups exposed to the insecticide. Our results demonstrate the existence of 'insecticide alert behavior' in N. corniger and it appears to be a previously unrecognized communication mechanism in termites that allows for reducing the intoxication risks in the colony.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thiago H C de Mendonça
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia, Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil; Laboratório de Ecologia de Insetos, Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Cátila R Silva
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Insetos, Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Sara Y M Watanabe
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia, Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil; Laboratório de Ecologia de Insetos, Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Aline F N Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia, Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil; Laboratório de Ecologia de Insetos, Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Renan E C Santos
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Insetos, Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Paulo F Cristaldo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia, Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil; Laboratório de Ecologia de Insetos, Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Collard B, Tixier P, Carval D, Lavigne C, Delattre T. Assessing the effect of complex ground types on ground-dwelling arthropod movements with video monitoring: Dealing with concealed movements under a layer of plant residues. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:ECE39072. [PMID: 35845381 PMCID: PMC9271991 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the effect of ground types on foraging movements of ground-dwelling arthropods is a key step to managing their spatial distribution as required for successful conservation biological control. Indeed, fine movements at the centimeter scale can strongly influence the foraging ability of pest predators. However, because radio frequency identification or harmonic tracking techniques are not yet suitable for small species and video tracking focuses on uniform and light backgrounds, foraging movements have rarely been studied in relation to ground types. We present a method to track a ground-dwelling arthropod (the earwig Euborellia caraibea) at night, walking on two contrasted ground types: bare soil and soil partly covered with a stratum of banana plant residues allowing individuals to hide periodically. The tracking of individuals within these ground types was achieved by infrared light, tagging individuals, video treatments, and semi-automatic cleaning of trajectories. We tested different procedures to obtain segments with identical durations to quantify speeds and sinuosities. These procedures were characterized by the junction time gap between trajectory fragments, the rediscretization time of trajectories, and whether or not to use interpolation to fill in missing points in the trajectories. Earwigs exhibited significantly slower and more sinuous movements on soil with banana plant residues than on bare soil. Long time gaps for trajectory junction, extended rediscretization times, and interpolation were complementary means to integrate concealed movements in the trajectories. The highest slowdown in plant residues was detected when the procedure could account for longer periods under the residues. These results suggest that earwigs spent a significant amount of time concealed by the residues. Additionally, the residues strongly decreased the earwigs' movement. Since the technical solutions presented in this study are inexpensive, easy to set up, and replicate, they represent valuable contributions to the emerging field of video monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blanche Collard
- INRAEAvignonFrance
- CIRAD, UPR GECOMontpellierFrance
- GECO, Univ Montpellier, CIRADMontpellierFrance
| | - Philippe Tixier
- CIRAD, UPR GECOMontpellierFrance
- GECO, Univ Montpellier, CIRADMontpellierFrance
| | - Dominique Carval
- CIRAD, UPR GECOMontpellierFrance
- GECO, Univ Montpellier, CIRADMontpellierFrance
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Viana TA, Barbosa WF, Jojoa LLB, Bernardes RC, da Silva JS, Jacobs-Lorena M, Martins GF. A Genetically Modified Anti-Plasmodium Bacterium Is Harmless to the Foragers of the Stingless Bee Partamona helleri. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022; 83:766-775. [PMID: 34231036 PMCID: PMC9840896 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01805-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Paratransgenesis consists of genetically engineering an insect symbiont to control vector-borne diseases. Biosafety assessments are a prerequisite for the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Assessments rely on the measurement of the possible impacts of GMOs on different organisms, including beneficial organisms, such as pollinators. The bacterium Serratia AS1 has been genetically modified to express anti-Plasmodium effector proteins and does not impose a fitness cost on mosquitoes that carry it. In the present study, we assessed the impact of this bacterium on the native bee Partamona helleri (Meliponini), an ecologically important species in Brazil. Serratia eGFP AS1 (recombinant strain) or a wild strain of Serratia marcescens were suspended in a sucrose solution and fed to foragers, followed by measurements of survival, feeding rate, and behavior (walking and flying). These bacteria did not change any of the variables measured at 24, 72, and 144 h after the onset of the experiment. Recombinant and wild bacteria were detected in the homogenates of digestive tract during the 144 h period analyzed, but their numbers decreased with time. The recombinant strain was detected in the midgut at 24 h and in the hindgut at 72 h and 144 h after the onset of the experiment under the fluorescent microscope. As reported for mosquitoes, Serratia eGFP AS1 did not compromise the foragers of P. helleri, an ecologically relevant bee.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Andrade Viana
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Wagner Faria Barbosa
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
- Departamento de Estatística, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Juliana Soares da Silva
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Jacobs-Lorena
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bernardes RC, Botina LL, da Silva FP, Fernandes KM, Lima MAP, Martins GF. Toxicological assessment of agrochemicals on bees using machine learning tools. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127344. [PMID: 34607030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Machine learning (ML) is a branch of artificial intelligence (AI) that enables the analysis of complex multivariate data. ML has significant potential in risk assessments of non-target insects for modeling the multiple factors affecting insect health, including the adverse effects of agrochemicals. Here, the potential of ML for risk assessments of glyphosate (herbicide; formulation) and imidacloprid (insecticide, neonicotinoid; formulation) on the stingless bee Melipona quadrifasciata was explored. The collective behavior of forager bees was analyzed after in vitro exposure to agrochemicals. ML algorithms were applied to identify the agrochemicals that the bees have been exposed to based on multivariate behavioral features. Changes in the in situ detection of different proteins in the midgut were also studied. Imidacloprid exposure leads to the greatest changes in behavior. The ML algorithms achieved a higher accuracy (up to 91%) in identifying agrochemical contamination. The two agrochemicals altered the detection of cells positive for different proteins, which can be detrimental to midgut physiology. This study provides a holistic assessment of the sublethal effects of glyphosate and imidacloprid on a key pollinator. The procedures used here can be applied in future studies to monitor and predict multiple environmental factors affecting insect health in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorena Lisbetd Botina
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Kenner Morais Fernandes
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bernardes RC, Fernandes KM, Bastos DSS, Freire AFPA, Lopes MP, de Oliveira LL, Tavares MG, Dos Santos Araújo R, Martins GF. Impact of copper sulfate on survival, behavior, midgut morphology, and antioxidant activity of Partamona helleri (Apidae: Meliponini). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:6294-6305. [PMID: 34449024 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16109-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Copper sulfate (CuSO4) is widely used in agriculture as a pesticide and foliar fertilizer. However, the possible environmental risks associated with CuSO4 use, particularly related to pollinating insects, have been poorly studied. In this study, we evaluated both lethal and sublethal effects of CuSO4 on the stingless bee Partamona helleri. Foragers were orally exposed to five concentrations of CuSO4 (5000, 1666.7, 554.2, 183.4, 58.4 μg mL-1), and the concentration killing 50% (LC50) was estimated. This concentration (142.95 μg mL-1) was subsequently used in behavioral, midgut morphology, and antioxidant activity analyses. Bee mortality increased with the ingestion of increasing concentrations of CuSO4. Ingestion at the estimated LC50 resulted in altered walking behavior and damage to the midgut epithelium and peritrophic matrix of bees. Furthermore, the LC50 increased the catalase or superoxide dismutase activities and levels of the lipid peroxidation biomarker malondialdehyde. Furthermore, the in situ detection of caspase-3 and LC3, proteins related to apoptosis and autophagy, respectively, revealed that these processes are intensified in the midgut of treated bees. These data show that the ingestion of CuSO4 can have considerable sublethal effects on the walking behavior and midgut of stingless bees, and therefore could pose potential risks to pollinators including native bees. Graphical abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenner Morais Fernandes
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcos Pereira Lopes
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | - Mara Garcia Tavares
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Farder-Gomes CF, Fernandes KM, Bernardes RC, Bastos DSS, Oliveira LLD, Martins GF, Serrão JE. Harmful effects of fipronil exposure on the behavior and brain of the stingless bee Partamona helleri Friese (Hymenoptera: Meliponini). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 794:148678. [PMID: 34225147 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fipronil is a pesticide widely used to control agricultural and household insect pests. However, fipronil is highly toxic to non-target insects, including pollinators. In this study, we investigated the acute effects of fipronil on the behavior, brain morphology, antioxidant activity, and proteins related to signaling pathways on the brain of workers of the stingless bee Partamona helleri. The ingestion of fipronil increases both the walking distance and velocity and causes enlarged intercellular spaces in the Kenyon cells and intense vacuolization in the neuropils of the brain. Moreover, fipronil decreases the activity of catalase (CAT) and increases the activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST). However, there is no difference in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity between the control and fipronil. Regarding immunofluorescence analysis, bees exposed to fipronil showed an increase in the number of cells positive for cleaved caspase-3 and peroxidase, but a reduction in the number of cells positive for ERK 1/2, JNK and Notch, suggesting neuron death and impaired brain function. Our results demonstrate that fipronil has harmful effects on the behavior and brain of a stingless bee, which may threaten the individuals and colonies of this pollinator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenner Morais Fernandes
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil.
| | | | - Daniel Silva Sena Bastos
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil.
| | | | - Gustavo Ferreira Martins
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - José Eduardo Serrão
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|