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Kitz F, Wachter H, Spielmann F, Hammerle A, Wohlfahrt G. Root and rhizosphere contribution to the net soil COS exchange. PLANT AND SOIL 2023; 498:325-339. [PMID: 38665878 PMCID: PMC11039419 DOI: 10.1007/s11104-023-06438-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Background and aims Partitioning the measured net ecosystem carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange into gross primary productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration remains a challenge, which scientists try to tackle by using the properties of the trace gas carbonyl sulfide (COS). Its similar pathway into and within the leaf makes it a potential photosynthesis proxy. The application of COS as an effective proxy depends, among other things, on a robust inventory of potential COS sinks and sources within ecosystems. While the soil received some attention during the last couple of years, the role of plant roots is mostly unknown. In our study, we investigated the effects of live roots on the soil COS exchange. Methods An experimental setup was devised to measure the soil and the belowground plant parts of young beech trees observed over the course of 9 months. Results During the growing season, COS emissions were significantly lower when roots were present compared to chambers only containing soil, while prior to the growing season, with photosynthetically inactive trees, the presence of roots increased COS emissions. The difference in the COS flux between root-influenced and uninfluenced soil was fairly constant within each month, with diurnal variations in the COS flux driven primarily by soil temperature changes rather than the presence or absence of roots. Conclusion While the mechanisms by which roots influence the COS exchange are largely unknown, their contribution to the overall ground surface COS exchange should not be neglected when quantifying the soil COS exchange. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11104-023-06438-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Kitz
- Universität Innsbruck, Institut für Ökologie, Sternwartestraße 15, Innsbruck, 6020 Austria
| | - Herbert Wachter
- Universität Innsbruck, Institut für Ökologie, Sternwartestraße 15, Innsbruck, 6020 Austria
| | - Felix Spielmann
- Universität Innsbruck, Institut für Ökologie, Sternwartestraße 15, Innsbruck, 6020 Austria
| | - Albin Hammerle
- Universität Innsbruck, Institut für Ökologie, Sternwartestraße 15, Innsbruck, 6020 Austria
| | - Georg Wohlfahrt
- Universität Innsbruck, Institut für Ökologie, Sternwartestraße 15, Innsbruck, 6020 Austria
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Belviso S, Lebegue B, Ramonet M, Kazan V, Pison I, Berchet A, Delmotte M, Yver-Kwok C, Montagne D, Ciais P. A top-down approach of sources and non-photosynthetic sinks of carbonyl sulfide from atmospheric measurements over multiple years in the Paris region (France). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228419. [PMID: 32040521 PMCID: PMC7010246 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonyl sulfide (COS) has been proposed as a proxy for carbon dioxide (CO2) taken up by plants at the leaf and ecosystem scales. However, several additional production and removal processes have been identified which could complicate its use at larger scales, among which are soil uptake, dark uptake by plants, and soil and anthropogenic emissions. This study evaluates the significance of these processes at the regional scale through a top-down approach based on atmospheric COS measurements at Gif-sur-Yvette (GIF), a suburban site near Paris (France). Over a period of four and a half years, hourly measurements at 7 m above ground level were performed by gas chromatography and combined with 222Radon measurements to calculate nocturnal COS fluxes using the Radon-Tracer Method. In addition, the vertical distribution of COS was investigated at a second site, 2 km away from GIF, where a fast gas analyzer deployed on a 100 m tower for several months during winter 2015-2016 recorded mixing ratios at 3 heights (15, 60 and 100 m). COS appears to be homogeneously distributed both horizontally and vertically in the sampling area. The main finding is that the area is a persistent COS sink even during wintertime episodes of strong pollution. Nighttime net uptake rates ranged from -1.5 to -32.8 pmol m-2 s-1, with an average of -7.3 ± 4.5 pmol m-2 s-1 (n = 253). However, episodes of biogenic emissions happened each year in June-July (11.9 ± 6.2 pmol m-2 s-1, n = 24). Preliminary analyses of simulated footprints of source areas influencing the recorded COS data suggest that long-range transport of COS from anthropogenic sources located in Benelux, Eastern France and Germany occasionally impacts the Paris area during wintertime. These production and removal processes may limit the use of COS to assess regional-scale CO2 uptake in Europe by plants through inverse modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sauveur Belviso
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ- Université, Paris-Saclay, UMR8212, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Benjamin Lebegue
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ- Université, Paris-Saclay, UMR8212, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Michel Ramonet
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ- Université, Paris-Saclay, UMR8212, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Victor Kazan
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ- Université, Paris-Saclay, UMR8212, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Isabelle Pison
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ- Université, Paris-Saclay, UMR8212, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Antoine Berchet
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ- Université, Paris-Saclay, UMR8212, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marc Delmotte
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ- Université, Paris-Saclay, UMR8212, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Camille Yver-Kwok
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ- Université, Paris-Saclay, UMR8212, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - David Montagne
- UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ- Université, Paris-Saclay, UMR8212, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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3
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Jing W, Wang L, Li D, Bao X, Shi Y. Carbonyl sulfide (COS) and carbon disulfide (CS 2) exchange fluxes between cotton fields and the atmosphere in the arid area in Xinjiang, China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2019; 41:2195-2207. [PMID: 30877628 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00268-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Due to the important roles of carbonyl sulfide (COS) and carbon disulfide (CS2) in atmospheric chemistry, this study was designed to determine different proportions of COS and CS2 fluxes contributed from different sources, i.e., vegetation, soil and roots, at monthly and hourly timescales in the arid area in Xinjiang, China. Results indicated that the seasonal net uptake of COS by vegetation was predominant in the growing season. The CS2 fluxes from vegetation and soils had no significant seasonal variations compared with COS. The exchange rates of COS and CS2 have been found to be stimulated by the addition of nutrients in the form of urea fertilizer. Compared with the results of plots that were treated only with nitrogen, the treatments with both nitrogen and sulfur displayed no significant difference in the exchange fluxes. The results of compartment experiments indicated that the aboveground plants had the highest uptake of COS and had a vital role in the uptake of COS during the main growth period. The shares of COS emissions from the soil and roots increased to 6-17% and 55-58%, respectively, in the total COS fluxes when conditions, such as drought and senescence, were unfavorable for the developmental of vegetation. Observations of the preliminary diurnal fluxes indicated that the fluxes that occurred at night, with contributions from soils and plants, accounted for 27% of the total daily uptake of COS uptake. These quantitative results may be reasonably accounted for the use of COS as a promising tracer to obtain independent constraints on terrestrial carbon exchange at regional to global scales for their response to special environmental conditions in semiarid area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwen Jing
- Applied Chemistry Laboratory, College of Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, 830052, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liling Wang
- Applied Chemistry Laboratory, College of Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, 830052, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Deqiang Li
- Applied Chemistry Laboratory, College of Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, 830052, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Bao
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, 830052, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingshuang Shi
- Applied Chemistry Laboratory, College of Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, 830052, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
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Romero-Olivares AL, Meléndrez-Carballo G, Lago-Lestón A, Treseder KK. Soil Metatranscriptomes Under Long-Term Experimental Warming and Drying: Fungi Allocate Resources to Cell Metabolic Maintenance Rather Than Decay. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1914. [PMID: 31551941 PMCID: PMC6736569 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Earth’s temperature is rising, and with this increase, fungal communities are responding and affecting soil carbon processes. At a long-term soil-warming experiment in a boreal forest in interior Alaska, warming and warming-associated drying alters the function of microbes, and thus, decomposition of carbon. But what genetic mechanisms and resource allocation strategies are behind these community shifts and soil carbon changes? Here, we evaluate fungal resource allocation efforts under long-term experimental warming (including associated drying) using soil metatranscriptomics. We profiled resource allocation efforts toward decomposition and cell metabolic maintenance, and we characterized community composition. We found that under the warming treatment, fungi allocate resources to cell metabolic maintenance at the expense of allocating resources to decomposition. In addition, we found that fungal orders that house taxa with stress-tolerant traits were more abundant under the warmed treatment compared to control conditions. Our results suggest that the warming treatment elicits an ecological tradeoff in resource allocation in the fungal communities, with potential to change ecosystem-scale carbon dynamics. Fungi preferentially invest in mechanisms that will ensure survival under warming and drying, such as cell metabolic maintenance, rather than in decomposition. Through metatranscriptomes, we provide mechanistic insight behind the response of fungi to climate change and consequences to soil carbon processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana L Romero-Olivares
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Germán Meléndrez-Carballo
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Ensenada Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education, Ensenada, Mexico
| | - Asunción Lago-Lestón
- Department of Medical Innovation, Ensenada Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education, Ensenada, Mexico
| | - Kathleen K Treseder
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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Spielmann FM, Wohlfahrt G, Hammerle A, Kitz F, Migliavacca M, Alberti G, Ibrom A, El‐Madany TS, Gerdel K, Moreno G, Kolle O, Karl T, Peressotti A, Delle Vedove G. Gross Primary Productivity of Four European Ecosystems Constrained by Joint CO 2 and COS Flux Measurements. GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS 2019; 46:5284-5293. [PMID: 31423034 PMCID: PMC6686783 DOI: 10.1029/2019gl082006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Gross primary productivity (GPP), the gross uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) by plant photosynthesis, is the primary driver of the land carbon sink, which presently removes around one quarter of the anthropogenic CO2 emissions each year. GPP, however, cannot be measured directly and the resulting uncertainty undermines our ability to project the magnitude of the future land carbon sink. Carbonyl sulfide (COS) has been proposed as an independent proxy for GPP as it diffuses into leaves in a fashion very similar to CO2, but in contrast to the latter is generally not emitted. Here we use concurrent ecosystem-scale flux measurements of CO2 and COS at four European biomes for a joint constraint on CO2 flux partitioning. The resulting GPP estimates generally agree with classical approaches relying exclusively on CO2 fluxes but indicate a systematic underestimation under low light conditions, demonstrating the importance of using multiple approaches for constraining present-day GPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. M. Spielmann
- Department of EcologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - G. Wohlfahrt
- Department of EcologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - A. Hammerle
- Department of EcologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - F. Kitz
- Department of EcologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - M. Migliavacca
- Department of Biogeochemical IntegrationMax Planck Institute for BiogeochemistryJenaGermany
| | - G. Alberti
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal SciencesUniversity of UdineUdineItaly
- CNR‐IBIMETFirenzeItaly
| | - A. Ibrom
- Department of Environmental EngineeringTechnical University of DenmarkKongens LyngbyDenmark
| | - T. S. El‐Madany
- Department of Biogeochemical IntegrationMax Planck Institute for BiogeochemistryJenaGermany
| | - K. Gerdel
- Department of EcologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - G. Moreno
- INDEHESA‐Forest Research GroupUniversidad de ExtremaduraPlasenciaSpain
| | - O. Kolle
- Department of Biogeochemical IntegrationMax Planck Institute for BiogeochemistryJenaGermany
| | - T. Karl
- Institute of Atmospheric and Cryospheric SciencesUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - A. Peressotti
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal SciencesUniversity of UdineUdineItaly
| | - G. Delle Vedove
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal SciencesUniversity of UdineUdineItaly
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6
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Kitz F, Gómez-Brandón M, Eder B, Etemadi M, Spielmann FM, Hammerle A, Insam H, Wohlfahrt G. Soil carbonyl sulfide exchange in relation to microbial community composition: insights from a managed grassland soil amendment experiment. SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY 2019; 135:28-37. [PMID: 31579268 PMCID: PMC6774760 DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The viability of carbonyl sulfide (COS) measurements for partitioning ecosystem-scale net carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes into photosynthesis and respiration critically depends on our knowledge of non-leaf sinks and sources of COS in ecosystems. We combined soil gas exchange measurements of COS and CO2 with next-generation sequencing technology (NGS) to investigate the role of soil microbiota for soil COS exchange. We applied different treatments (litter and glucose addition, enzyme inhibition and gamma sterilization) to soil samples from a temperate grassland to manipulate microbial composition and activity. While untreated soil was characterized by consistent COS uptake, other treatments reduced COS uptake and even turned the soil into a net COS source. Removing biotic processes through sterilization led to positive or zero fluxes. We used NGS to link changes in the COS response to alterations in the microbial community composition, with bacterial data having a higher explanatory power for the measured COS fluxes than fungal data. We found that the genera Arthrobacter and Streptomyces were particularly abundant in samples exhibiting high COS emissions. Our results indicate co-occurring abiotic production and biotic consumption of COS in untreated soil, the latter linked to carbonic anhydrase activity, and a strong dependency of the COS flux on the activity, identity, abundance of and substrate available to microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Kitz
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - María Gómez-Brandón
- Department of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bernhard Eder
- Department of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mohammad Etemadi
- Department of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Felix M. Spielmann
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Albin Hammerle
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Heribert Insam
- Department of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Georg Wohlfahrt
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, Innsbruck, Austria
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7
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Reconciling Negative Soil CO2 Fluxes: Insights from a Large-Scale Experimental Hillslope. SOIL SYSTEMS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/soilsystems3010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Soil fluxes of CO2 (Fs) have long been considered unidirectional, reflecting the predominant roles of metabolic activity by microbes and roots in ecosystem carbon cycling. Nonetheless, there is a growing body of evidence that non-biological processes in soils can outcompete biological ones, pivoting soils from a net source to sink of CO2, as evident mainly in hot and cold deserts with alkaline soils. Widespread reporting of unidirectional fluxes may lead to misrepresentation of Fs in process-based models and lead to errors in estimates of local to global carbon balances. In this study, we investigate the variability and environmental controls of Fs in a large-scale, vegetation-free, and highly instrumented hillslope located within the Biosphere 2 facility, where the main carbon sink is driven by carbonate weathering. We found that the hillslope soils were persistent sinks of CO2 comparable to natural desert shrublands, with an average rate of −0.15 ± 0.06 µmol CO2 m2 s−1 and annual sink of −56.8 ± 22.7 g C m−2 y−1. Furthermore, higher uptake rates (more negative Fs) were observed at night, coinciding with strong soil–air temperature gradients and [CO2] inversions in the soil profile, consistent with carbonate weathering. Our results confirm previous studies that reported negative values of Fs in hot and cold deserts around the globe and suggest that negative Fs are more common than previously assumed. This is particularly important as negative Fs may occur widely in arid and semiarid ecosystems, which play a dominant role in the interannual variability of the terrestrial carbon cycle. This study contributes to the growing recognition of the prevalence of negative Fs as an important yet, often overlooked component of ecosystem C cycling.
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Nitrogen Fertilization Reduces the Capacity of Soils to Take up Atmospheric Carbonyl Sulphide. SOIL SYSTEMS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/soilsystems2040062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Soils are an important carbonyl sulphide (COS) sink. However, they can also act as sources of COS to the atmosphere. Here we demonstrate that variability in the soil COS sink and source strength is strongly linked to the available soil inorganic nitrogen (N) content across a diverse range of biomes in Europe. We revealed in controlled laboratory experiments that a one-off addition of ammonium nitrate systematically decreased the COS uptake rate whilst simultaneously increasing the COS production rate of soils from boreal and temperate sites in Europe. Furthermore, we found strong links between variations in the two gross COS fluxes, microbial biomass, and nitrate and ammonium contents, providing new insights into the mechanisms involved. Our findings provide evidence for how the soil–atmosphere exchange of COS is likely to vary spatially and temporally, a necessary step for constraining the role of soils and land use in the COS mass budget.
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