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Parida M, Jena T, Mohanty S, Nayak SK. Advancing sustainable agriculture: Evaluation of Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) based mulch films and identification of biodegrading microorganisms among soil microbiota. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:132085. [PMID: 38723836 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Non-biodegradable polyolefin based plastic mulch residues in agricultural fields after the end of a crop cycle have raised several concerns as an environmental pollutant in recent years. This study explores the potential of Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and Poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) based compostable films reactively blended with compatibilizers and chain extenders as a promising solution to environmental challenges associated with traditional plastic mulch films. Epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) and Epoxy-functionalized styrene acrylic copolymer (ESA) have been used as reactive compatibilizers and chain extenders respectively. In-depth analysis of the mechanical, thermal, and barrier properties of the developed films, revealed that the PLA/PBAT blend films at 75:25 weight ratio in the presence of 5 phr ESO and 0.5 phr ESA exhibit improved performance characteristics for application as mulch films. Furthermore, the films were subjected to 360-h UV exposure to gauge their stability under prolonged exposure, specifically investigating changes in the carbonyl index. Additionally, a rigorous real-time field trial of the mulch films spanning eight months with various crops was carried out to understand their performance in practical agricultural settings. The study also involved the identification of microorganisms responsible for the degradation of the developed mulch films employing 16S rRNA sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manmath Parida
- Central Institute of Petrochemicals Engineering and Technology (CIPET): SARP - LARPM, B-25, CNI Complex, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Tapaswini Jena
- Central Institute of Petrochemicals Engineering and Technology (CIPET): SARP - LARPM, B-25, CNI Complex, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Smita Mohanty
- Central Institute of Petrochemicals Engineering and Technology (CIPET): SARP - LARPM, B-25, CNI Complex, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India.
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Di Mola I, Cozzolino E, Ottaiano L, Riccardi R, Spigno P, Petriccione M, Fiorentino N, Fagnano M, Mori M. Biodegradable Mulching Film vs. Traditional Polyethylene: Effects on Yield and Quality of San Marzano Tomato Fruits. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3203. [PMID: 37765367 PMCID: PMC10536419 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Mulching is a common practice for improving crop yield and obtaining an out-of-season production, but when made using plastic materials it can bring environmental problems due to the management and the disposal of films at the end of the cropping seasons. To increase the sustainability of this practice, recently, mulching films made with biodegradable organic materials have become more widely used. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of a biodegradable mulching film on yield and qualitative traits of the San Marzano tomato fruits over two years (2014 and 2015). Two different types of mulching were tested: (i) black biodegradable film (MB12) and (ii) black low-density polyethylene (LDPE) were compared to bare soil (BS). Both mulching films elicited a 25% increase in yield, mainly due to the significantly higher number of fruits per square meter, compared to BS. Both mulching films also elicited a 9.9% increase in total soluble solids and a 57% increase in carotenoid content, while firmness showed the highest value in BS fruits. MB12 determined the highest value of the Hunter color ratio a/b of tomato fruits, followed by LDPE, while the lowest value was recorded in BS fruits. Both mulching films elicited an increase of 9.6%, 26.0%, and 11.7% for flavonoids, polyphenols, and AsA, respectively. In 2014, the MB12 degradation started at 71 days after transplant (DAT); in 2015, at 104 DAT. Therefore, replacing polyethylene with biodegradable film would seem to be an agronomically efficient and environmentally sustainable practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Di Mola
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (I.D.M.); (L.O.); (N.F.); (M.F.); (M.M.)
| | - Eugenio Cozzolino
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA)—Research Center for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Lucia Ottaiano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (I.D.M.); (L.O.); (N.F.); (M.F.); (M.M.)
| | - Riccardo Riccardi
- ARCA 2010 S.c.a.r.l., Via G. Leopardi 18, 81030 Teverola, Italy; (R.R.); (P.S.)
| | - Patrizia Spigno
- ARCA 2010 S.c.a.r.l., Via G. Leopardi 18, 81030 Teverola, Italy; (R.R.); (P.S.)
| | - Milena Petriccione
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA)—Research Center for Olive, Fruits and Citrus Crops, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
| | - Nunzio Fiorentino
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (I.D.M.); (L.O.); (N.F.); (M.F.); (M.M.)
| | - Massimo Fagnano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (I.D.M.); (L.O.); (N.F.); (M.F.); (M.M.)
| | - Mauro Mori
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (I.D.M.); (L.O.); (N.F.); (M.F.); (M.M.)
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Wufuer R, Duo J, Pei L, Wang S, Li W. Feasibility Study on the Application of Biodegradable Plastic Film in Farmland Soil in Southern Xinjiang, China-Planting Tomatoes as an Example. TOXICS 2023; 11:toxics11050467. [PMID: 37235281 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11050467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate (PBAT) mulch film has become one of the most commonly used biodegradable mulch films in agriculture in an attempt to combat plastic film pollution. However, its degradation characteristics and impact on the soil environment and crop growth are affected by many factors such as its composition, soil and crop types, local climate characteristics, etc. In this study, PBAT mulch film and ordinary polyethylene (PE) film were used as test materials, with non-mulching treatment (CK) as a control, to study the applicability of PBAT film in Moyu County, Southern Xinjiang region, using tomato growth as an example. The results showed that PBAT film started its induction period after 60 days, and 60.98% of the PBAT film was degraded within 100 days. Generally, the soil temperature and humidity preservation functions of this film were comparable to that of PE film in the seedling and flowering-fruiting stages of tomato growth. In the mature stage, the soil humidity under PBAT film was significantly lower than that of PE film due to its substantial degradation rate. However, this did not have any significant negative effects on tomato growth, yield, and quality. The tomato yield of 667 m2 with BPAT was insignificantly lower than that of PE film by 3.14%, and both were significantly higher than that of the CK treatment by 63.38% and 68.68%, respectively, indicating that it is feasible to use PBAT film to cultivate crops such as tomato in the arid region of Southern Xinjiang, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehemanjiang Wufuer
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Jia Duo
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Liang Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Shuzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Wenfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
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Mansoor Z, Tchuenbou-Magaia F, Kowalczuk M, Adamus G, Manning G, Parati M, Radecka I, Khan H. Polymers Use as Mulch Films in Agriculture-A Review of History, Problems and Current Trends. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235062. [PMID: 36501456 PMCID: PMC9740682 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of mulch films for preserving soil moisture and preventing weed growth has been a part of agricultural practice for decades. Different materials have been used as mulch films, but polyethylene plastic has been considered most effective due to its excellent mechanical strength, low cost and ability to act as a barrier for sunlight and water. However, its use carries a risk of plastic pollution and health hazards, hence new laws have been passed to replace it completely with other materials over the next few years. Research to find out about new biodegradable polymers for this purpose has gained impetus in the past few years, driven by regulations and the United Nations Organization's Sustainable Development Goals. The primary requisite for these polymers is biodegradability under natural climatic conditions without the production of any toxic residual compounds. Therefore, biodegradable polymers developed from fossil fuels, microorganisms, animals and plants are viable options for using as mulching material. However, the solution is not as simple since each polymer has different mechanical properties and a compromise has to be made in terms of strength, cost and biodegradability of the polymer for its use as mulch film. This review discusses the history of mulching materials, the gradual evolution in the choice of materials, the process of biodegradation of mulch films, the regulations passed regarding material to be used, types of polymers that can be explored as potential mulch films and the future prospects in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinnia Mansoor
- School of Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK
- Department of Biotechnology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Fideline Tchuenbou-Magaia
- Division of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK
| | - Marek Kowalczuk
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Grazyna Adamus
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Georgina Manning
- School of Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK
| | - Mattia Parati
- School of Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK
| | - Iza Radecka
- School of Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK
- Correspondence: (I.R.); (H.K.)
| | - Habib Khan
- School of Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK
- Correspondence: (I.R.); (H.K.)
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Sun Y, Yang W, Shi H, Tanveer SK, Hai J. Past, present, and future perspectives of biodegradable films for soil: A 30-year systematic review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1006388. [PMID: 36324902 PMCID: PMC9621393 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1006388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) database, the academic works published in the past 30 years on biodegradable films for soil were analyzed. In order to ensure the rigor of this experiment, this paper is based on the mathematical double matrix model VOS Viewer software and CiteSpace software. This work shows that publications of biodegradable films for soil are increasing year by year; polymer science is the hottest subject in the field of biodegradable films for soil; China and the United States are the countries with the most significant number of publications in this field, has an important position; Washington State University is the most published institution. This study further identifies and reveals the essential characteristics, research strength, knowledge structure, main research fields, and research hotspots in the late stage of the field of biodegradable films for soil and introduces the Activity Index (AI) and the Attractive Index (AAI), thereby assessing trends and performance in different countries. The paper also further illustrates the importance of biodegradable films by presenting field trials using biodegradable films on different plants. The research in the field of biodegradable films for soil is divided into four categories: “The research field of degradation,” “The effect of biodegradable film on soil,” “Performance and mechanism of the biodegradable film,” and “Effects of biodegradable film on crop growth and development.”. The study can be seen as a microcosm of the development of biodegradable films for soils, which will help researchers quickly identify their general patterns. Readers can better understand the changes and development trends in this field in the past 30 years and provide references for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitao Sun
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Wenlong Yang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Hongxia Shi
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | | | - Jiangbo Hai
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- *Correspondence: Jiangbo Hai,
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Liu B, Li W, Pan X, Zhang D. The persistently breaking trade-offs of three-decade plastic film mulching: Microplastic pollution, soil degradation and reduced cotton yield. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 439:129586. [PMID: 35908395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plastic mulching has been extensively used for near 40 years in China because of the commonly recognized trade-offs between economic profit and adverse impacts. Whether the trade-offs is well kept after decades of mulching usage is poorly understood. In this study, microplastic (MP) pollution, soil physical properties, as well as the root traits and yields of cotton under plastic mulching for different years (up to 32 years) in northwest China were investigated. The results showed that average abundance of MPs in soil ranged from 28.00 to 1426.67 items kg-1 and increased with time whereas size of MPs decreased with time. With respect to soil physical properties, bulk density and penetration resistance significantly increased with mulching time while saturated hydraulic conductivity and mean weight diameter of water-stable aggregates in cotton fields decreased over time, indicating that long-term plastic mulching has irreversible adverse impact on soil function. The significantly increased soil penetration resistance and decreased hydraulic conductivity substantially restricted root growth and this finally led to remarkable reduction of seed cotton yield. It is urgent for the agricultural departments to take appropriate measures to mitigate the constantly increased negative trade-offs of plastic mulching in the arid areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingshen Liu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenfeng Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Xiangliang Pan
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Daoyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
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Analysis and Test of Clamp Conveying Type Residual Film Recycling and Film Impurity Separation Mechanism. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10091816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aiming at the problem of the difficult separation of film in the process of farmland residual film recovery, a clamping conveying residual film recovery device was designed and studied. The device was mainly composed of a clamp plate, clamp plate conveying chain, chain wheel drive shaft, and the residual film conveying chain and frame. Firstly, the structure and working principle of the device are introduced. The tensile properties of the residual film are investigated to determine the relationship between the average clamping force, the height of the clamp plate, the spacing of the clamp plate, and the rotational speed of the sprocket. Then, the mechanical properties of the residual film are discussed. The influence weight of each factor on the film impurity separation rate is summarized by single factor tests. The regression equation between the factors and film impurity separation rate is established. The results of the variance analysis of regression equation show that the film impurity separation rate was 93.70% at 1.08 m/s conveying speed of clamp plate, with 12 clamp plates, and 7 residual film conveyor chains. Taking the maximum value of the film impurity separation rate (η) as the objective using MATLAB, the optimal result was in good agreement with the regression equation. In addition, the field test results show that the film impurity separation rate was 92.35%. Compared with the theoretical analysis results, the relative error was 1.35%. The research results provide a theoretical reference for the design of related devices.
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Fabrication and Characterization of Degradable Crop-Straw-Fiber Composite Film Using In Situ Polymerization with Melamine-Urea-Formaldehyde Prepolymer for Agricultural Film Mulching. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15155170. [PMID: 35897602 PMCID: PMC9331358 DOI: 10.3390/ma15155170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Soil mulch composite films composed of biodegradable materials are being increasingly used in agriculture. In this study, mulch films based on wheat straw fiber and an environmentally friendly modifier were prepared via in situ polymerization and tested as the ridge mulch for crops. The mechanical properties of the straw fiber film were significantly enhanced by the modification. In particular, the films exhibited a noticeable increase in dry and wet tensile strength from 2.35 to 4.15 and 0.41 to 1.51 kN/m, respectively, with increasing filler content from 0% to 25%. The contact angle of the straw also showed an improvement based on its hydrophilicity. The crystallinity of the modified film was higher than that of the unmodified film and increased with modifier content. The changes in chemical interaction of the straw fiber film were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and the thermal stability of the unmodified film was improved by in situ polymerization. Scanning electron microscopy images indicated that the modifier was uniformly dispersed in the fiber film, resulting in an improvement in its mechanical properties. The modified straw fiber films could be degraded after mulching for approximately 50 days. Overall, the superior properties of the modified straw fiber film lend it great potential for agricultural application.
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Zhang Y, Hui K, Li Y, Yuan Y, Tan W. Electron transfer capacity of humic acid in soil micro and macro aggregates in response to mulching years. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 831:154927. [PMID: 35367553 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plastic film mulching can help farmers meet food production requirements and even increase output. Although the environmental impact of this mulch has received attention, uncertainty remains about certain soil components and the course of its long-term effects. In particular, it is not clear whether the long-term use of mulching film will affect the electron transfer capacity (ETC) of natural organic matter in the soil. This study evaluated the electron-accepting capacity (EAC) and electron-donating capacity (EDC) of soil humic acid (HA) in different-size aggregates in response to different film mulching years (0-6 years). The EAC of HA in the soil showed a downward trend as mulching years increased, while the EDC fluctuated. EAC decline in microaggregates (MIA) was more significant than that of macroaggregates (MAA). Film mulching changes the physical and chemical properties of soil and the activity of enzymes, changes the chemical structure of HA, and ultimately affects HA electron transfer. In addition, compared with that in MAA, the chemical structure of soil HA in MIA has a stronger correlation with enzyme activity and ETC and thus is more significantly affected by mulching. These results provide an in-depth understanding of the role of HA in soil aggregates of different sizes in processes related to the agricultural soil environment under mulching conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Kunlong Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yanhong Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Wenbing Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease and Their Influencing Factors in Urumqi, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094919. [PMID: 34063073 PMCID: PMC8124546 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) remains a serious health threat to young children. Urumqi is one of the most severely affected cities in northwestern China. This study aims to identify the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of HFMD, and explore the relationships between driving factors and HFMD in Urumqi, Xinjiang. METHODS HFMD surveillance data from 2014 to 2018 were obtained from the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The center of gravity and geographical detector model were used to analyze the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of HFMD and identify the association between these characteristics and socioeconomic and meteorological factors. RESULTS A total of 10,725 HFMD cases were reported in Urumqi during the study period. Spatially, the morbidity number of HFMD differed regionally and the density was higher in urban districts than in rural districts. Overall, the development of HFMD in Urumqi expanded toward the southeast. Temporally, we observed that the risk of HFMD peaked from June to July. Furthermore, socioeconomic and meteorological factors, including population density, road density, GDP, temperature and precipitation were significantly associated with the occurrence of HFMD. CONCLUSIONS HFMD cases occurred in spatiotemporal clusters. Our findings showed strong associations between HFMD and socioeconomic and meteorological factors. We comprehensively considered the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics and influencing factors of HFMD, and proposed some intervention strategies that may assist in predicting the morbidity number of HFMD.
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