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Ibbini J, Al-Kofahi S, Davis LC, Alrousan D, Elshebli M. Investigating the Potential of Fusarium solani and Phanerochaete chrysosporium in the Removal of 2,4,6-TNT. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:2713-2727. [PMID: 37782454 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04735-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Past and recent applications of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in military and civilian industries have led to contamination of soil and marine ecosystems. Among various TNT remediation techniques, biological remediation is widely accepted for its sustainability, low cost, and scalable applications. This study was designed to isolate a fungus strain from a TNT-contaminated soil to investigate its tolerance to and potential for removal of TNT. Thus, a soil column with a history of periodic TNT amendment was used to isolate dominant strains of fungi Fusarium solani isolate, which is not commonly reported for TNT mineralization and was found predominant in the subsurface layer of the TNT-amended soil. F. solani was investigated for TNT concentration tolerance at 30, 70, and 100 mg/L on agar plates and for TNT removal in liquid cultures at the same given concentrations. F. solani activity was compared with that of a reference soil-born fungus that has been intensively studied for TNT removal (Phanerochaete chrysosporium) obtained from the American Type Culture Collection. On agar media, F. solani showed a larger colony diameter than P. chrysosporium at similar TNT concentrations, indicating its high potential to tolerate toxic levels of TNT as found in contaminated sites. In the liquid culture medium, F. solani was able to significantly produce higher biomass than P. chrysosporium in all TNT concentrations. The TNT removal percentage from the liquid culture at the highest TNT concentration of 100 mg/L reached about 85% with F. solani, while P. chrysosporium was no better than 25% at the end of an 84-h incubation period. Results indicate a significant potential of using F. solani in the bioremediation of polluted TNT soils that overcome the high concentration barrier in the field. However, further investigation is needed to identify enzymatic potential and the most effective applications and possible limitations of this method on a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jwan Ibbini
- Department of Land Management and Environment, Prince El-Hassan Bin Talal Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Salman Al-Kofahi
- Department of Land Management and Environment, Prince El-Hassan Bin Talal Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Lawrence C Davis
- Department of Biochemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Dheaya Alrousan
- Department of Water Management and Environment, Prince El-Hassan Bin Talal Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Marwa Elshebli
- Boone Pickens School of Geology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA.
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An X, Li N, Zhang L, Xu Z, Zhang S, Zhang Q. New insights into the typical nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound-quinoline degradation and detoxification by microbial consortium: Integrated pathways, meta-transcriptomic analysis and toxicological evaluation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133158. [PMID: 38061124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
As the primary source of COD in industrial wastewater, quinoline has aroused increasing attention because of its potential teratogenic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic effects in the environment. The activated sludge isolate quinoline-degrading microbial consortium (QDMC) efficiently metabolizes quinoline. However, the molecular underpinnings of the degradation mechanism of quinoline by QDMC have not been elucidated. High-throughput sequencing revealed that the dominant genera included Diaphorobacter, Bacteroidia, Moheibacter and Comamonas. Furthermore, a positive strong correlation was observed between the key bacterial communities (Diaphorobact and Bacteroidia) and quinoline degradation. According to metatranscriptomics, genes associated with quorum sensing, ABC transporters, component systems, carbohydrate, aromatic compound degradation, energy metabolism and amino metabolism showed high expression, thus improving adaptability of microbial community to quinoline stress. In addition, the mechanism of QDMC in adapting and resisting to extreme environmental conditions in line with the corresponding internal functional properties and promoting biogegradation efficiency was illustrated. Based on the identified products, QDMC effectively mineralized quinoline into low-toxicity metabolites through three major metabolic pathways, including hydroxyquinoline, 1,2,3,4-H-quinoline, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline and 1-oxoquinoline pathways. Finally, toxicological, genotoxicity and phytotoxicity studies supported the detoxification of quinoline by the QDMC. This study provided a promising approach for the stable, environmental-friendly and efficient bioremediation applications for quinoline-containing wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao An
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Ningjian Li
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Lizhen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Zihang Xu
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Shulin Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China.
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3
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Cabrera MÁ, Márquez SL, Pérez-Donoso JM. New insights into xenobiotic tolerance of Antarctic bacteria: transcriptomic analysis of Pseudomonas sp. TNT3 during 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene biotransformation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:17256-17274. [PMID: 38337121 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32298-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The xenobiotic 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) is a highly persistent environmental contaminant, whose biotransformation by microorganisms has attracted renewed attention. In previous research, we reported the discovery of Pseudomonas sp. TNT3, the first described Antarctic bacterium with the ability to biotransform TNT. Furthermore, through genomic analysis, we identified distinctive features in this isolate associated with the biotransformation of TNT and other xenobiotics. However, the metabolic pathways and genes active during TNT exposure in this bacterium remained unexplored. In the present transcriptomic study, we used RNA-sequencing to investigate gene expression changes in Pseudomonas sp. TNT3 exposed to 100 mg/L of TNT. The results showed differential expression of 194 genes (54 upregulated and 140 downregulated), mostly encoding hypothetical proteins. The most highly upregulated gene (> 1000-fold) encoded an azoreductase enzyme not previously described. Other significantly upregulated genes were associated with (nitro)aromatics detoxification, oxidative, thiol-specific, and nitrosative stress responses, and (nitro)aromatic xenobiotic tolerance via efflux pumps. Most of the downregulated genes were involved in the electron transport chain, pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)-related alcohol oxidation, and motility. These findings highlight a complex cellular response to TNT exposure, with the azoreductase enzyme likely playing a crucial role in TNT biotransformation. Our study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of TNT biotransformation and aids in developing effective TNT bioremediation strategies. To the best of our knowledge, this report is the first transcriptomic response analysis of an Antarctic bacterium during TNT biotransformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Ángeles Cabrera
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology (CBIB), Facultad de Ciencias de La Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Av. República 330, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián L Márquez
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology (CBIB), Facultad de Ciencias de La Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Av. República 330, Santiago, Chile
- Fundación Científica y Cultural Biociencia, José Domingo Cañas 2280, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - José M Pérez-Donoso
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology (CBIB), Facultad de Ciencias de La Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Av. República 330, Santiago, Chile.
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Maurya AC, Bhattacharya A, Khare SK. Biodegradation of terephthalic acid using Rhodococcus erythropolis MTCC 3951: Insights into the degradation process, applications in wastewater treatment and polyhydroxyalkanoate production. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-30054-1. [PMID: 37794223 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30054-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Terephthalic acid (TPA) is an endocrine disruptor widely used as a plasticizer and as a monomer in the manufacturing of PET bottles. However, because of various harmful effects on humans and the environment, it is now recognized as a priority pollutant whose environmental level needs to be controlled. In the present work, the TPA biodegradation efficacy of the bacterium Rhodococcus erythropolis (MTCC 3951) was studied in mineral salt media with TPA as the sole carbon and energy source. R. erythropolis was observed to degrade 5 mM and 120 mM TPA within 10 h and 84 h of incubation, respectively. The degradation efficiency was further optimized by varying the culture conditions, and the following optimum conditions were obtained: inoculum size- 5% (v/v), temperature- 30 °C, agitation speed- 200 rpm, and pH- 8.0. The bacterium was found to use an ortho-cleavage pathway for TPA degradation determined based on enzymatic and GC-MS studies. Moreover, during the degradation of TPA, the bacterium was observed to produce polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)-a biopolymer. Biodegradation of 120 mM TPA resulted in an accumulation of PHA. The PHA granules were visualized using fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy and were later characterized using FTIR spectroscopy. Furthermore, the robustness of the bacterium was demonstrated by its ability to degrade TPA in real industrial wastewater. Overall, R. erythropolis (MTCC 3951) hold the potential for controlling TPA pollution in the environment and vis-à-vis the production of PHA biopolymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita C Maurya
- Enzyme and Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Amrik Bhattacharya
- Enzyme and Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
- Amity Institute of Environmental Sciences, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Khare
- Enzyme and Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India.
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Kumari S, Das S. Bacterial enzymatic degradation of recalcitrant organic pollutants: catabolic pathways and genetic regulations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:79676-79705. [PMID: 37330441 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28130-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of soil and natural water bodies driven by increased organic pollutants remains a universal concern. Naturally, organic pollutants contain carcinogenic and toxic properties threatening all known life forms. The conventional physical and chemical methods employed to remove these organic pollutants ironically produce toxic and non-ecofriendly end-products. Whereas microbial-based degradation of organic pollutants provides an edge, they are usually cost-effective and take an eco-friendly approach towards remediation. Bacterial species, including Pseudomonas, Comamonas, Burkholderia, and Xanthomonas, have the unique genetic makeup to metabolically degrade toxic pollutants, conferring their survival in toxic environments. Several catabolic genes, such as alkB, xylE, catA, and nahAc, that encode enzymes and allow bacteria to degrade organic pollutants have been identified, characterized, and even engineered for better efficacy. Aerobic and anaerobic processes are followed by bacteria to metabolize aliphatic saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons such as alkanes, cycloalkanes, aldehydes, and ethers. Bacteria use a variety of degrading pathways, including catechol, protocatechuate, gentisate, benzoate, and biphenyl, to remove aromatic organic contaminants such as polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and pesticides from the environment. A better understanding of the principle, mechanisms, and genetics would be beneficial for improving the metabolic efficacy of bacteria to such ends. With a focus on comprehending the mechanisms involved in various catabolic pathways and the genetics of the biotransformation of these xenobiotic compounds, the present review offers insight into the various sources and types of known organic pollutants and their toxic effects on health and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swetambari Kumari
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Ecology (LEnME), Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Surajit Das
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Ecology (LEnME), Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India.
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Dietz-Vargas C, Valenzuela-Ibaceta F, Carrasco V, Pérez-Donoso JM. Solid medium for the direct isolation of bacterial colonies growing with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons or 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:271. [PMID: 37358740 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03610-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Isolation of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria is a key step for the study of microbiological diversity, metabolic pathways, and bioremediation. However current strategies lack simplicity and versatility. We developed an easy method for the screening and isolation of bacterial colonies capable of degrading hydrocarbons, such as diesel or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), as well as the pollutant explosive, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). The method uses a two-layer solid medium, with a layer of M9 medium, and a second layer containing the carbon source deposited through the evaporation of ethanol. Using this medium we grew hydrocarbon-degrading strains, as well as TNT-degrading isolates. We were able to isolate PAHs-degrading bacterial colonies directly from diesel-polluted soils. As a proof of concept, we used this method to isolate a phenanthrene-degrading bacteria, identified as Acinetobacter sp. and determined its ability to biodegrade this hydrocarbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Dietz-Vargas
- Bionanotechnology and Microbiology Laboratory, Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology (CBIB), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Av. República #330, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Valenzuela-Ibaceta
- Bionanotechnology and Microbiology Laboratory, Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology (CBIB), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Av. República #330, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valentina Carrasco
- Bionanotechnology and Microbiology Laboratory, Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology (CBIB), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Av. República #330, Santiago, Chile
| | - José M Pérez-Donoso
- Bionanotechnology and Microbiology Laboratory, Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology (CBIB), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Av. República #330, Santiago, Chile.
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7
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Karimi H, Mohammadi F, Rajabi S, Mahvi AH, Ghanizadeh G. Biological 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene removal by extended aeration activated sludge: optimization using artificial neural network. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9053. [PMID: 37270572 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34657-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Serious health issues can result from exposure to the nitrogenous pollutant like 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), which is emitted into the environment by the munitions and military industries, as well as from TNT-contaminated wastewater. The TNT removal by extended aeration activated sludge (EAAS) was optimized in the current study using artificial neural network modeling. In order to achieve the best removal efficiency, 500 mg/L of chemical oxygen demand (COD), 4 and 6 h of hydraulic retention time (HRT), and 1-30 mg/L of TNT were used in this study. The kinetics of TNT removal by the EAAS system were described by the calculation of the kinetic coefficients K, Ks, Kd, max, MLSS, MLVSS, F/M, and SVI. Adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and genetic algorithms (GA) were used to optimize the data obtained through TNT elimination. ANFIS approach was used to analyze and interpret the given data, and its accuracy was around 97.93%. The most effective removal efficiency was determined using the GA method. Under ideal circumstances (10 mg/L TNT concentration and 6 h), the TNT removal effectiveness of the EAAS system was 84.25%. Our findings demonstrated that the artificial neural network system (ANFIS)-based EAAS optimization could enhance the effectiveness of TNT removal. Additionally, it can be claimed that the enhanced EAAS system has the ability to extract wastewaters with larger concentrations of TNT as compared to earlier experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Karimi
- Health Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Mohammadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saeed Rajabi
- Student Research Committee, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Mahvi
- Center for Solid Waste Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghader Ghanizadeh
- Health Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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8
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Critical Role of Monooxygenase in Biodegradation of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene by Buttiauxella sp. S19-1. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041969. [PMID: 36838956 PMCID: PMC9958683 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) is an aromatic pollutant that is difficult to be degraded in the natural environment. The screening of efficient degrading bacteria for bioremediation of TNT has received much attention from scholars. In this paper, transcriptome analysis of the efficient degrading bacterium Buttiauxella sp. S19-1 revealed that the monooxygenase gene (BuMO) was significantly up-regulated during TNT degradation. S-ΔMO (absence of BuMO gene in S19-1 mutant) degraded TNT 1.66-fold less efficiently than strain S19-1 (from 71.2% to 42.9%), and E-MO mutant (Escherichia coli BuMO-expressing strain) increased the efficiency of TNT degradation 1.33-fold (from 52.1% to 69.5%) for 9 h at 180 rpm at 27 °C in LB medium with 1.4 µg·mL-1 TNT. We predicted the structure of BuMO and purified recombinant BuMO (rBuMO). Its specific activity was 1.81 µmol·min-1·mg-1 protein at pH 7.5 and 35 °C. The results of gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis indicated that 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene (ADNT) is a metabolite of TNT biodegradation. We speculate that MO is involved in catalysis in the bacterial degradation pathway of TNT in TNT-polluted environment.
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Miglani R, Parveen N, Kumar A, Ansari MA, Khanna S, Rawat G, Panda AK, Bisht SS, Upadhyay J, Ansari MN. Degradation of Xenobiotic Pollutants: An Environmentally Sustainable Approach. Metabolites 2022; 12:818. [PMID: 36144222 PMCID: PMC9505297 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of microorganisms to detoxify xenobiotic compounds allows them to thrive in a toxic environment using carbon, phosphorus, sulfur, and nitrogen from the available sources. Biotransformation is the most effective and useful metabolic process to degrade xenobiotic compounds. Microorganisms have an exceptional ability due to particular genes, enzymes, and degradative mechanisms. Microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi have unique properties that enable them to partially or completely metabolize the xenobiotic substances in various ecosystems.There are many cutting-edge approaches available to understand the molecular mechanism of degradative processes and pathways to decontaminate or change the core structure of xenobiotics in nature. These methods examine microorganisms, their metabolic machinery, novel proteins, and catabolic genes. This article addresses recent advances and current trends to characterize the catabolic genes, enzymes and the techniques involved in combating the threat of xenobiotic compounds using an eco-friendly approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashi Miglani
- Department of Zoology, D.S.B Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital 263002, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nagma Parveen
- Department of Zoology, D.S.B Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital 263002, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ankit Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sir J. C Bose Technical Campus, Bhimtal, Nainital 263136, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mohd. Arif Ansari
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, D.S.B Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital 263002, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Soumya Khanna
- Department of Anatomy, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gaurav Rawat
- Department of Zoology, D.S.B Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital 263002, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Amrita Kumari Panda
- Department of Biotechnology, Sant Gahira Guru University, Ambikapur 497001, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Satpal Singh Bisht
- Department of Zoology, D.S.B Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital 263002, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Jyoti Upadhyay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Energy Acre Campus Bidholi, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mohd Nazam Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
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Yakovleva G, Kurdy W, Gorbunova A, Khilyas I, Lochnit G, Ilinskaya O. Bacillus pumilus proteome changes in response to 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene-induced stress. Biodegradation 2022; 33:593-607. [PMID: 35980495 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-022-09997-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) is the most widely used nitroaromatic compound and is highly resistant to degradation. Most aerobic microorganisms reduce TNT to amino derivatives via formation of nitroso- and hydroxylamine intermediates. Although pathways of TNT degradation are well studied, proteomic analysis of TNT-degrading bacteria was done only for some individual Gram-negative strains. Here, we isolated a Gram-positive strain from TNT-contaminated soil, identified it as Bacillus pumilus using 16S rRNA sequencing, analyzed its growth, the level of TNT transformation, ROS production, and revealed for the first time the bacillary proteome changes at toxic concentration of TNT. The transformation of TNT at all studied concentrations (20-200 mg/L) followed the path of nitro groups reduction with the formation of 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene. Hydrogen peroxide production was detected during TNT transformation. Comparative proteomic analysis of B. pumilus showed that TNT (200 mg/L) inhibited expression of 46 and induced expression of 24 proteins. Among TNT upregulated proteins are those which are responsible for the reductive pathway of xenobiotic transformation, removal of oxidative stress, DNA repair, degradation of RNA and cellular proteins. The production of ribosomal proteins, some important metabolic proteins and proteins involved in cell division are downregulated by this xenobiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Yakovleva
- Microbiology Department, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kremlevskaya St., 18, Tatarstan, Kazan, Russia, 420008
| | - William Kurdy
- Microbiology Department, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kremlevskaya St., 18, Tatarstan, Kazan, Russia, 420008
| | - Anna Gorbunova
- Microbiology Department, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kremlevskaya St., 18, Tatarstan, Kazan, Russia, 420008
| | - Irina Khilyas
- Microbiology Department, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kremlevskaya St., 18, Tatarstan, Kazan, Russia, 420008
| | - Guenter Lochnit
- Protein Analytics, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, Giessen, Germany, 35392
| | - Olga Ilinskaya
- Microbiology Department, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kremlevskaya St., 18, Tatarstan, Kazan, Russia, 420008.
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11
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Comparative Genomic Analysis of Antarctic Pseudomonas Isolates with 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene Transformation Capabilities Reveals Their Unique Features for Xenobiotics Degradation. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13081354. [PMID: 36011267 PMCID: PMC9407559 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The nitroaromatic explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) is a highly toxic and persistent environmental pollutant. Since physicochemical methods for remediation are poorly effective, the use of microorganisms has gained interest as an alternative to restore TNT-contaminated sites. We previously demonstrated the high TNT-transforming capability of three novel Pseudomonas spp. isolated from Deception Island, Antarctica, which exceeded that of the well-characterized TNT-degrading bacterium Pseudomonas putida KT2440. In this study, a comparative genomic analysis was performed to search for the metabolic functions encoded in the genomes of these isolates that might explain their TNT-transforming phenotype, and also to look for differences with 21 other selected pseudomonads, including xenobiotics-degrading species. Comparative analysis of xenobiotic degradation pathways revealed that our isolates have the highest abundance of key enzymes related to the degradation of fluorobenzoate, TNT, and bisphenol A. Further comparisons considering only TNT-transforming pseudomonads revealed the presence of unique genes in these isolates that would likely participate directly in TNT-transformation, and others involved in the β-ketoadipate pathway for aromatic compound degradation. Lastly, the phylogenomic analysis suggested that these Antarctic isolates likely represent novel species of the genus Pseudomonas, which emphasizes their relevance as potential agents for the bioremediation of TNT and other xenobiotics.
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12
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Jacobsen J, Adomako-Bonsu AG, Maser E. Induction of carbonyl reductase 1 (CR1) gene expression in Daphnia magna by TNT, but not its key metabolites 2-ADNT and 4-ADNT. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 351:109752. [PMID: 34801537 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) is a known source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which cause oxidative stress in aquatic ecosystems. Carbonyl reductases (CRs) are one of several possible defense mechanisms induced against ROS products, especially those that result in the 'so-called' carbonyl stress. Daphnia magna, a freshwater organism living in stagnant freshwater bodies, expresses four copies of the CR gene (Dma_CR1, Dma_CR2, Dma_CR3 and Dma_CR4). In this study, induction of all four copies of Dma_CR by 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene (2-ADNT) and 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene (4-ADNT), was investigated. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of treated daphnids revealed up-regulation of Dma_CR1 alone in response to TNT, but not 2-ADNT and 4-ADNT (which are key metabolites of TNT). This concentration- and time-dependent up-regulation in mRNA-expression was observed both in the presence and absence of light, in the same magnitude. Moreover, significant change in mRNA-expression could be observed 8 h after treatment with TNT. In the presence of TNT, the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAc) could not reverse TNT-induced up-regulation of Dma_CR1 mRNA-expression. On the other hand, withdrawal of TNT from the culture medium caused a significant reduction in the TNT-induced mRNA-expression of Dma_CR1 within 24 h. These findings highlight the potential of Dma_CR1 as a biomarker for biomonitoring of TNT levels in freshwater bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Jacobsen
- Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural Scientists, University Medical School Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Amma G Adomako-Bonsu
- Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural Scientists, University Medical School Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Edmund Maser
- Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural Scientists, University Medical School Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.
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Recruiting Perovskites to Degrade Toxic Trinitrotoluene. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14237387. [PMID: 34885550 PMCID: PMC8658843 DOI: 10.3390/ma14237387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Everybody knows TNT, the most widely used explosive material and a universal measure of the destructiveness of explosions. A long history of use and extensive manufacture of toxic TNT leads to the accumulation of these materials in soil and groundwater, which is a significant concern for environmental safety and sustainability. Reliable and cost-efficient technologies for removing or detoxifying TNT from the environment are lacking. Despite the extreme urgency, this remains an outstanding challenge that often goes unnoticed. We report here that highly controlled energy release from explosive molecules can be accomplished rather easily by preparing TNT-perovskite mixtures with a tailored perovskite surface morphology at ambient conditions. These results offer new insight into understanding the sensitivity of high explosives to detonation initiation and enable many novel applications, such as new concepts in harvesting and converting chemical energy, the design of new, improved energetics with tunable characteristics, the development of powerful fuels and miniaturized detonators, and new ways for eliminating toxins from land and water.
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