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Zhang Y, Yao D, Yu X, Cheng X, Wen L, Liu C, Xu Q, Deng M, Jiang Q, Qi P, Wei Y. FgCWM1 modulates TaNDUFA9 to inhibit SA synthesis and reduce FHB resistance in wheat. BMC Biol 2024; 22:204. [PMID: 39256758 PMCID: PMC11389325 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-02007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fusarium head blight (FHB) significantly impacts wheat yield and quality. Understanding the intricate interaction mechanisms between Fusarium graminearum (the main pathogen of FHB) and wheat is crucial for developing effective strategies to manage and this disease. Our previous studies had shown that the absence of the cell wall mannoprotein FgCWM1, located at the outermost layer of the cell wall, led to a decrease in the pathogenicity of F. graminearum and induced the accumulation of salicylic acid (SA) in wheat. Hence, we propose that FgCWM1 may play a role in interacting between F. graminearum and wheat, as its physical location facilitates interaction effects. RESULTS In this study, we have identified that the C-terminal region of NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 9 (NDUFA9) could interact with FgCWM1 through the yeast two-hybrid assay. The interaction was further confirmed through the combination of Co-IP and BiFC analyses. Consistently, the results of subcellular localization indicated that TaNDUFA9 was localized in the cytoplasm adjacent to the cell membrane and chloroplasts. The protein was also detected to be associated with mitochondria and positively regulated complex I activity. The loss-of-function mutant of TaNDUFA9 exhibited a delay in flowering, decreased seed setting rate, and reduced pollen fertility. However, it exhibited elevated levels of SA and increased resistance to FHB caused by F. graminearum infection. Meanwhile, inoculation with the FgCWM1 deletion mutant strain led to increased synthesis of SA in wheat. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that TaNDUFA9 inhibits SA synthesis and FHB resistance in wheat. FgCWM1 enhances this inhibition by interacting with the C-terminal region of TaNDUFA9, ultimately facilitating F. graminearum infection in wheat. This study provides new insights into the interaction mechanism between F. graminearum and wheat. TaNDUFA9 could serve as a target gene for enhancing wheat resistance to FHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, and, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Danyu Yao
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, and, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Xinyao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, and, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Lan Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, and, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Caihong Liu
- Institute of Phytopathology, Land Use and Nutrition, Research Centre for BioSystems, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, Giessen, 35392, Germany
| | - Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, and, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Mei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, and, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Qiantao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, and, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Pengfei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, and, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Yuming Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, and, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Institute of Phytopathology, Land Use and Nutrition, Research Centre for BioSystems, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, Giessen, 35392, Germany.
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He JL, Zhao YW, Yang JL, Ju JM, Ye BQ, Huang JY, Huang ZH, Zhao WY, Zeng WF, Xia M, Liu Y. Enhanced interactions among gut mycobiomes with the deterioration of glycemic control. MED 2024; 5:909-925.e7. [PMID: 38670112 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2024.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut mycobiome is closely linked to health and disease; however, its role in the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains obscure. Here, a multi-omics approach was employed to explore the role of intestinal fungi in the deterioration of glycemic control. METHODS 350 participants without hypoglycemic therapies were invited for a standard oral glucose tolerance test to determine their status of glycemic control. The gut mycobiome was identified through internal transcribed spacer sequencing, host genetics were determined by genotyping array, and plasma metabolites were measured with untargeted liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. FINDINGS The richness of fungi was higher, whereas its dissimilarity was markedly lower, in participants with T2DM. Moreover, the diversity and composition of fungi were closely associated with insulin sensitivity and pancreatic β-cell functions. With the exacerbation of glycemic control, the co-occurrence network among fungus taxa became increasingly complex, and the complexity of the interaction network was inversely associated with insulin sensitivity. Mendelian randomization analysis further demonstrated that the Archaeorhizomycetes class, Fusarium genus, and Neoascochyta genus were causally linked to impaired glucose metabolism. Furthermore, integrative analysis with metabolomics showed that increased 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutaric acid, ketoleucine, lysophosphatidylcholine (20:3/0:0), and N-lactoyl-phenylalanine, but decreased lysophosphatidylcholine (O-18:2), functioned as key molecules linking the adverse effect of Fusarium genus on insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS Our study uncovers a strong association between disturbance in gut fungi and the progression of T2DM and highlights the potential of targeting the gut mycobiome for the management of T2DM. FUNDINGS This study was supported by MOST and NSFC of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Lin He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, and Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Wen Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, and Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Lu Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, and Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Meng Ju
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, and Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Bing-Qi Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, and Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Yi Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, and Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Hao Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, and Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Wan-Ying Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, and Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Feng Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, and Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Min Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, and Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China.
| | - Yan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, and Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China.
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Mirmajlessi M, Najdabbasi N, Sigillo L, Haesaert G. An implementation framework for evaluating the biocidal potential of essential oils in controlling Fusarium wilt in spinach: from in vitro to in planta. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1444195. [PMID: 39239191 PMCID: PMC11376204 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1444195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. spinaciae, causes a significant challenge on vegetative spinach and seed production. Addressing this issue necessitates continuous research focused on innovative treatments and protocols through comprehensive bioassays. Recent studies have highlighted the potential of plant-based compounds in controlling fungal diseases. The present work aims to conduct a series of experiments, encompassing both in vitro and in planta assessments, to investigate the biocontrol capabilities of different essential oils (EOs) at various application rates, with the ultimate goal of reducing the incidence of Fusarium wilt in spinach. The inhibitory effect of four plant EOs (marjoram, thyme, oregano, and tea tree) was initially assessed on the spore germination of five unknown Fusarium strains. The outcomes revealed diverse sensitivities of Fusarium strains to EOs, with thyme exhibiting the broadest inhibition, followed by oregano at the highest concentration (6.66 μL/mL) in most strains. The tested compounds displayed a diverse range of median effective dose (ED50) values (0.69 to 7.53 µL/mL), with thyme and oregano consistently showing lower ED50 values. The direct and indirect inhibitory impact of these compounds on Fusarium mycelial growth ranged from ~14% to ~100%, wherein thyme and oregano consistently exhibiting the highest effectiveness. Following the results of five distinct inoculation approaches and molecular identification, the highly pathogenic strain F-17536 (F. oxysporum f.sp. spinaciae) was chosen for Fusarium wilt assessment in spinach seedlings, employing two promising EO candidates through seed and soil treatments. Our findings indicate that colonized grain (CG) proved to be a convenient and optimal inoculation method for consistent Fusarium wilt assessment under greenhouse conditions. Seed treatments with thyme and oregano EOs consistently resulted in significantly better disease reduction rates, approximately 54% and 36% respectively, compared to soil treatments (P > 0.05). Notably, thyme, applied at 6.66 µL/mL, exhibited a favorable emergence rate (ERI), exceeding seven, in both treatments, emphasizing its potential for effective disease control in spinach seedlings without inducing phytotoxic effects. This study successfully transitions from in vitro to in planta experiments, highlighting the potential incorporation of EOs into integrated disease management for Fusarium wilt in spinach production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahyar Mirmajlessi
- Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Neda Najdabbasi
- Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Loredana Sigillo
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Pontecagnano, Italy
| | - Geert Haesaert
- Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent, Belgium
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Gómez-Osorio LM, Vasiljevic M, Raj J, Chaparro-Gutierréz JJ, López-Osorio S. Mycotoxins and coccidiosis in poultry - co-occurrence, interaction, and effects. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1387856. [PMID: 39149147 PMCID: PMC11326241 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1387856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Avian coccidiosis, a common disease caused by Eimeria species, results in significant losses in global poultry production. Mycotoxins are low-molecular-weight natural products (i.e., small molecules) produced as secondary metabolites by filamentous fungi and they have the potential to economically and significantly affect global poultry production. Little is known about the relationship between mycotoxins and avian coccidiosis, although they often co-occur in the field. This comprehensive review examines the intricate relationship between mycotoxins and avian coccidiosis, in particular how mycotoxins, including aflatoxins, ochratoxins, trichothecenes as well as Fusarium mycotoxins, compromise the health of the poultry flock and open the door to Eimeria parasites in the gut. In addition, this review sheds light on the immunosuppressive effects of mycotoxins, their disruption of cellular signaling pathways, and the consequent exacerbation of coccidiosis infections. The mechanisms of mycotoxin toxicity are also reviewed, emphasizing direct damage to intestinal epithelial cells, impaired nutrient absorption, inflammation, oxidative stress, and changes in the gut microbiota. Finally, the consequences for the prevention and treatment of coccidiosis when mycotoxins are present in the feed are discussed. This review emphasizes the need for effective management strategies to mitigate the combined risks of mycotoxins and coccidiosis and highlights the complexity of diagnosing and controlling these interrelated problems in poultry. The review advocates a holistic approach that includes strict feed management, disease prevention measures and regular monitoring to maintain the health and productivity of poultry against these significant challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis-Miguel Gómez-Osorio
- CIBAV Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
- Patent Co., DOO., Mišićevo, Serbia
| | | | - Jog Raj
- Patent Co., DOO., Mišićevo, Serbia
| | | | - Sara López-Osorio
- CIBAV Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
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Vieira DJC, Fonseca LM, Poletti G, Martins NP, Grigoletto NTS, Chesini RG, Tonin FG, Cortinhas CS, Acedo TS, Artavia I, Faas J, Takiya CS, Corassin CH, Rennó FP. Anti-mycotoxin feed additives: effects on metabolism, mycotoxin excretion, performance, and total tract digestibility of dairy cows fed artificially multi-mycotoxin-contaminated diets. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00892-0. [PMID: 38851567 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different anti-mycotoxin feed additives on the concentration of mycotoxins in milk, urine, and blood plasma of dairy cows fed artificially multi-mycotoxin-contaminated diets. Secondarily, performance, total-tract apparent digestibility of nutrients, and blood parameters were evaluated. Twelve multiparous cows (165 ± 45 d in milk, 557 ± 49 kg body weight, and 32.1 ± 4.57 kg/d milk yield at the start of the experiment) were blocked according to parity, milk yield, and days in milk and used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design experiment with 21-d periods, where the last 7 d were used for sampling and data analysis. Treatments were: 1) Mycotoxin group (MTX), basal diet (BD) without anti-mycotoxin feed additives; 2) Hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCA), HSCA added to the BD at 25g/cow/d; 3) Mycotoxin deactivator 15 (MD15), MD (Mycofix® Plus, dsm-firmenich) added to the BD at 15 g/cow/d; and 4) Mycotoxin deactivator 30 (MD30), MD added to the BD at 30 g/cow/d. Cows from all treatments were challenged with a blend of mycotoxins containing 404 μg aflatoxins B1 (AFB1), 5,025 μg deoxynivalenol (DON), 8,046 μg fumonisins (FUM), 195 μg T2 toxin (T2), and 2,034 μg of zearalenone (ZEN) added daily to the BD during the last 7 d of each period. Neither performance (milk yield and composition) nor nutrient digestibility was affected by treatments. All additives reduced aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) concentration in milk, whereas MD15 and MD30 group had lower excretion of AFM1 in milk than HSCA. DON, FUM, T2, or ZEN were not detected in milk of MD15 and MD30. Concentrations in milk of DON, FUM, T2, and ZEN were similar between MTX and HSCA. Except for AFM1, none of the analyzed mycotoxins were detected in urine of MD30 group. Comparing HSCA to MD treatments, the concentration of AFM1 was greater for HSCA, whereas MD30 was more efficient at reducing AFM1 in urine than MD15. AFM1, DON, FUM, and ZEN were not detected in the plasma of cows fed MD30, and DON was also not detected in MD15 group. Plasma concentration of FUM was lower for MD15, similar plasma FUM concentration was reported for HSCA and MTX. Plasma concentration of ZEN was lower for MD15 than MTX and HSCA. Serum concentrations of haptoglobin and hepatic enzymes were not affected by treatments. Blood concentration of sodium was lower in HSCA compared with MD15 and MD30 groups. In conclusion, the mycotoxin deactivator proved to be effective in reducing the secretion of mycotoxins in milk, urine, and blood plasma, regardless of the dosage. This reduction was achieved without adverse effects on milk production or total-tract digestibility in cows fed multi-mycotoxin-contaminated diets over a short-term period. Greater reductions in mycotoxin secretion were observed with full dose of MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J C Vieira
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil. 13635-900
| | - Luzianna M Fonseca
- Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil. 13418-900
| | - Guilherme Poletti
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil. 13635-900
| | - Natalia P Martins
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil. 13635-900
| | - Nathália T S Grigoletto
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil. 13635-900
| | - Rodrigo G Chesini
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil. 13635-900
| | - Fernando G Tonin
- Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil. 13635-900
| | | | - Tiago S Acedo
- dsm-firmenich, Nutritional Products, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Caio S Takiya
- Federal University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR), Pato Branco, Brazil. 85503-390
| | - Carlos H Corassin
- Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil. 13635-900.
| | - Francisco P Rennó
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil. 13635-900.
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Li W, Cao S, Sun H, Yang X, Xu L, Zhang X, Deng Y, Pavlov IN, Litovka YA, Chen H. Genome Analyses Reveal the Secondary Metabolites that Potentially Influence the Geographical Distribution of Fusarium pseudograminearum Populations. PLANT DISEASE 2024; 108:1812-1819. [PMID: 38277654 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-23-1743-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Fusarium crown rot (FCR), caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum, significantly impacts wheat yield and quality in China's Huanghuai region. The rapid F. pseudograminearum epidemic and FCR outbreak within a decade remain unexplained. In this study, two high-quality, chromosome-level genomes of F. pseudograminearum strains producing 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3AcDON) and 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (15AcDON) toxins were assembled. Additionally, 38 related strains were resequenced. Genomic differences such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions/deletions (indels), and structural variations (SVs) among F. pseudograminearum strains were analyzed. The whole-genome SNP locus-based population classification mirrored the toxin chemotype (3AcDON and 15AcDON)-based classification, indicating the presence of genes associated with the trichothecene toxin gene cluster. Further analysis of differential SNP, indel, and SV loci between the 3AcDON and 15AcDON populations revealed a predominant connection to secondary metabolite synthesis genes. Notably, the majority of the secondary metabolite biosynthesis gene cluster loci were located in SNP-dense genomic regions, suggesting high mutability and a possible contribution to F. pseudograminearum population structure and environmental adaptability. This study provides insightful perspectives on the distribution and evolution of F. pseudograminearum and for forecasting the spread of wheat FCR, thereby aiding in the development of preventive measures and control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shulin Cao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiyan Sun
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyue Yang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Nanjing Genepioneer Biotechnologies Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210046, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanyu Deng
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Igor N Pavlov
- Laboratory of Reforestation, Mycology and Plant Pathology, V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
- Department of Chemical Technology of Wood and Biotechnology, Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology, Krasnoyarsk 660049, Russia
| | - Yulia A Litovka
- Laboratory of Reforestation, Mycology and Plant Pathology, V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
- Department of Chemical Technology of Wood and Biotechnology, Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology, Krasnoyarsk 660049, Russia
| | - Huaigu Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
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Yang J, Ye L, Cui R, Zheng K, Qiao X, Wang M, Su M, Li X, Ge RS, Wang Y. Deoxynivalenol Inhibits Progenitor Leydig Cell Development by Stimulating Mitochondrial Fission in Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:10616-10626. [PMID: 38656193 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a common food contaminant that can impair male reproductive function. This study investigated the effects and mechanisms of DON exposure on progenitor Leydig cell (PLC) development in prepubertal male rats. Rats were orally administrated DON (0-4 mg/kg) from postnatal days 21-28. DON increased PLC proliferation but inhibited PLC maturation and function, including reducing testosterone levels and downregulating biomarkers like HSD11B1 and INSL3 at ≥2 mg/kg. DON also stimulated mitochondrial fission via upregulating DRP1 and FIS1 protein levels and increased oxidative stress by reducing antioxidant capacity (including NRF2, SOD1, SOD2, and CAT) in PLCs in vivo. In vitro, DON (2-4 μM) inhibited PLC androgen biosynthesis, increased reactive oxygen species production and protein levels of DRP1, FIS1, MFF, and pAMPK, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and MFN1 protein levels, and caused mitochondrial fragmentation. The mitochondrial fission inhibitor mdivi-1 attenuated DON-induced impairments in PLCs. DON inhibited PLC steroidogenesis, increased oxidative stress, perturbed mitochondrial homeostasis, and impaired maturation. In conclusion, DON disrupts PLC development in prepubertal rats by stimulating mitochondrial fission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Environment and Male Reproductive Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Environment and Male Reproductive Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Rong Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Environment and Male Reproductive Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Ke Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Environment and Male Reproductive Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Xinyi Qiao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Environment and Male Reproductive Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Mengyun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Environment and Male Reproductive Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Ming Su
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Environment and Male Reproductive Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Xiaoheng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Environment and Male Reproductive Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Environment and Male Reproductive Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yiyan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Environment and Male Reproductive Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
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8
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Boll EJ, Copani G, Cappellozza BI. Bacillus paralicheniformis 809 and Bacillus subtilis 810 support in vitro intestinal integrity under hydrogen peroxide and deoxynivalenol challenges. Transl Anim Sci 2024; 8:txae061. [PMID: 38685987 PMCID: PMC11056882 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txae061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
We designed and conducted two in vitro experiments to evaluate the effects of two Bacillus spp. probiotics on gut barrier integrity using the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) assay under two different challenge models. In Exp. 1, intestinal epithelial cells received or not (CON) B. paralicheniformis 809 (BLI) or B. subtilis 810 (BSU) at a rate of 1 × 108 colony forming units (CFU)/transwell. Two hours after treatment application (CON, BLI, or BSU), 5 mM of the reactive oxygen species hydrogen peroxide, mimicking mucosal oxidative stress, was added alone (HYP) or with each of the Bacillus spp. (HYP + BLI or HYP + BSU). In Exp. 2, cells were assigned to the same treatments as in Exp. 1 (CON, BLI, and BSU), or mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON), which was added alone or in combination with BLI or BSU, resulting in another two treatments (DON + BLI and DON + BSU). Transepithelial electrical resistance was measured for 14 h postchallenge. In Exp. 1, a treatment × hour interaction was observed for TEER (P < 0.0001). Adding BLI and BSU resulted in greater TEER values vs. CON for most of the experimental period (P < 0.02), whereas HYP reduced mean TEER and area under the curve (AUC), while increasing the amount of sugar that translocated through the monolayer cells (P < 0.001). A treatment × hour interaction was also observed in Exp. 2 (P < 0.0001), as DON led to an immediate and acute drop in TEER that lasted until the end of the experimental period (P < 0.0001). Both BLI and BSU alleviated the DON-induced damaging effects on the integrity of intestinal epithelial cells, whereas both Bacillus spp. alleviated the damage caused by DON alone and the proportion of sugar that translocated through the monolayer cells was not different between CON and DON + BLI (P = 0.14) and DON + BLI and DON + BSU (P = 0.62). In summary, both Bacillus spp. strains (B. paralicheniformis 809 and B. subtilis 810) were able to counteract the damaging effects of the challenge agents, hydrogen peroxide and deoxynivalenol, on gut barrier integrity.
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9
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Zhou XY, Ban YL, Wang CB, Chen XT, Yang HW, Feng YJ. Characterization of three novel stem rot pathogens and their antagonistic endophytic bacteria associated with Cistanche deserticola. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:208. [PMID: 38587620 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03946-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Cistanche deserticola is a precious Chinese medicinal material with extremely high health care and medicinal value. In recent years, the frequent occurrence of stem rot has led to reduced or even no harvests of C. deserticola. The unstandardized use of farm chemicals in the prevention and control processes has resulted in excessive chemical residues, threatening the fragile desert ecological environment. Therefore, it is urgent to explore safe and efficient prevention and control technologies. Biocontrol agents, with the advantages of safety and environment-friendliness, would be an important idea. The isolation, screening and identification of pathogens and antagonistic endophytic bacteria are always the primary basis. In this study, three novel pathogens causing C. deserticola stem rot were isolated, identified and pathogenicity tested, namely Fusarium solani CPF1, F. proliferatum CPF2, and F. oxysporum CPF3. For the first time, the endophytic bacteria in C. deserticola were isolated and identified, of which 37 strains were obtained. Through dual culture assay, evaluation experiment and tissue culture verification, a biocontrol candidate strain Bacillus atrophaeus CE6 with outstanding control effect on the stem rot was screened out. In the tissue culture system, CE6 showed excellent control effect against F. solani and F. oxysporum, with the control efficacies reaching 97.2% and 95.8%, respectively, indicating its great potential for application in the production. This study is of great significance for the biocontrol of plant stem rot and improvement of the yield and quality of C. deserticola.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yi Zhou
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Li Ban
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng-Bin Wang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Tao Chen
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Wang Yang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Jun Feng
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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Jin C, Wu S, Liang Z, Zhang J, Lei X, Bai H, Liang G, Su X, Chen X, Wang P, Wang Y, Guan L, Yao J. Multi-omics reveal mechanisms of high enteral starch diet mediated colonic dysbiosis via microbiome-host interactions in young ruminant. MICROBIOME 2024; 12:38. [PMID: 38395946 PMCID: PMC10893732 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-024-01760-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although rumen development is crucial, hindgut undertakes a significant role in young ruminants' physiological development. High-starch diet is usually used to accelerate rumen development for young ruminants, but always leading to the enteral starch overload and hindgut dysbiosis. However, the mechanism behind remains unclear. The combination of colonic transcriptome, colonic luminal metabolome, and metagenome together with histological analysis was conducted using a goat model, with the aim to identify the potential molecular mechanisms behind the disrupted hindgut homeostasis by overload starch in young ruminants. RESULT Compared with low enteral starch diet (LES), high enteral starch diet (HES)-fed goats had significantly higher colonic pathology scores, and serum diamine oxidase activity, and meanwhile significantly decreased colonic mucosal Mucin-2 (MUC2) protein expression and fecal scores, evidencing the HES-triggered colonic systemic inflammation. The bacterial taxa Prevotella sp. P4-67, Prevotella sp. PINT, and Bacteroides sp. CAG:927, together with fungal taxa Fusarium vanettenii, Neocallimastix californiae, Fusarium sp. AF-8, Hypoxylon sp. EC38, and Fusarium pseudograminearum, and the involved microbial immune pathways including the "T cell receptor signaling pathway" were higher in the colon of HES goats. The integrated metagenome and host transcriptome analysis revealed that these taxa were associated with enhanced pathogenic ability, antigen processing and presentation, and stimulated T helper 2 cell (TH2)-mediated cytokine secretion functions in the colon of HES goats. Further luminal metabolomics analysis showed increased relative content of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and deoxycholic acid (DCA), and decreased the relative content of hypoxanthine in colonic digesta of HES goats. These altered metabolites contributed to enhancing the expression of TH2-mediated inflammatory-related cytokine secretion including GATA Binding Protein 3 (GATA3), IL-5, and IL-13. Using the linear mixed effect model, the variation of MUC2 biosynthesis explained by the colonic bacteria, bacterial functions, fungi, fungal functions, and metabolites were 21.92, 20.76, 19.43, 12.08, and 44.22%, respectively. The variation of pathology scores explained by the colonic bacterial functions, fungal functions, and metabolites were 15.35, 17.61, and 57.06%. CONCLUSIONS Our findings revealed that enteral starch overload can trigger interrupted hindgut host-microbiome homeostasis that led to impaired mucosal, destroyed colonic water absorption, and TH2-mediated inflammatory process. Except for the colonic metabolites mostly contribute to the impaired mucosa, the nonnegligible contribution from fungi deserves more future studies focused on the fungal functions in hindgut dysbiosis of young ruminants. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjia Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shengru Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Ziqi Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinjian Lei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hanxun Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gaofeng Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaodong Su
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peiyue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Leluo Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 116 St. and 85 Ave., Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada.
| | - Junhu Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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11
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Diabankana RGC, Frolov M, Islamov B, Shulga E, Filimonova MN, Afordoanyi DM, Validov S. Identification and Aggressiveness of Fusarium Species Associated with Onion Bulb ( Allium cepa L.) during Storage. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:161. [PMID: 38392833 PMCID: PMC10890437 DOI: 10.3390/jof10020161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant pathogens present a major challenge to crop production, leading to decreased yield and quality during growth and storage. During long-term storage, healthy onions can develop diseases from latent pathogen infections. This poses a challenge for onion growers because infected bulbs without visible symptoms can lead to significant crop losses during the growing season. In this study, we aimed to isolate and identify Fusarium species from yellow onion bulbs (Allium cepa L.) that developed disease symptoms during storage. The aggressiveness of these strains against onion bulbs and seedlings was also evaluated. The isolated strains were further subjected to morphological and molecular differentiation. The results revealed that all 16 isolated strains belonged to the Fusarium complex species incarnatum-equiseti and Fusarium fujikuroi, namely, F. proliferatum (98%), F. oxysporum (1%), and Fusarium sp. (1%). Koch's postulate analysis of isolated strains revealed varying aggressiveness on onion bulbs and plants depending on fungal species. Disease symptoms developed more slowly on plants than on onion bulb plants according to Koch's postulates. Moreover, the results revealed that Fusarium strains that can infect onion plants were less pathogenic to onion bulbs and vice versa. In addition, three isolates were found to be non-pathogenic to onions. Furthermore, the in vitro control of Fusarium species through Bacillus velezensis KS04-AU and Streptomyces albidoflavus MGMM6 showed high potential for controlling the growth of these pathogenic fungi. These results may contribute to the development of environmentally friendly approaches for controlling onion spoilage caused by pathogens during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roderic Gilles Claret Diabankana
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology Methods, Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Mikhail Frolov
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology Methods, Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Bakhtiyar Islamov
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology Methods, Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Elena Shulga
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology Methods, Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Maria Nikolaevna Filimonova
- Academic and Research Centre, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Daniel Mawuena Afordoanyi
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology Methods, Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Shamil Validov
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology Methods, Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia
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12
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Robi DT, Mossie T, Temteme S. Eukaryotic Infections in Dairy Calves: Impacts, Diagnosis, and Strategies for Prevention and Control. VETERINARY MEDICINE (AUCKLAND, N.Z.) 2023; 14:195-208. [PMID: 38058381 PMCID: PMC10697087 DOI: 10.2147/vmrr.s442374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic infections are common among dairy calves and can have significant impacts on their health and growth rates. Fungal infections caused by Aspergillus fumigatus, Trichophyton verrucosum, and Candida albicans can cause respiratory diseases, dermatophytosis, and diarrhea, respectively. Protozoan parasites, including Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia duodenalis, and Eimeria spp., are also common in dairy calves. C. parvum is highly contagious and can cause severe diarrhea and dehydration, while Giardia duodenalis can lead to poor growth and is transmissible to humans through contaminated food or water. Eimeria spp. can cause coccidiosis and lead to reduced growth rates, poor feed conversion, and death. The common helminthic infections in dairy calves include Ostertagia ostertagi, Cooperia spp., Fasciola hepatica, and Strongyloides papillosus. These parasitic infections significantly impact calf health, growth, and dairy industry productivity. Diagnosis of these infections can be made through fecal samples using microscopy or molecular methods. However, diagnosis of the infections can be challenging and requires a combination of clinical signs and laboratory tests such as culture and PCR. Preventing and controlling eukaryotic infections in dairy calves requires several measures. Good hygiene and sanitation practices, proper management strategies, and timely treatment of affected animals are important. It is also necessary to avoid overcrowding and consider vaccination against ringworm. Further research is needed to better understand the epidemiology and characterization of eukaryotic infections in dairy calves, which will help in the development of more effective prevention and control strategies. In general, good hygiene practices, appropriate management strategies, and timely treatment of affected animals are crucial in preventing and controlling the infections, ensuring the health and well-being of dairy calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dereje Tulu Robi
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Tepi Agricultural Research Center, Tepi, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfa Mossie
- Ethiopian Institute of Agriculture Research, Jimma Agriculture Research Center, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Shiferaw Temteme
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Tepi Agricultural Research Center, Tepi, Ethiopia
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13
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Olszak-Przybyś H, Korbecka-Glinka G, Patkowska E. Identification and Pathogenicity of Fusarium Isolated from Soybean in Poland. Pathogens 2023; 12:1162. [PMID: 37764970 PMCID: PMC10537759 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12091162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi belonging to the Fusarium genus are commonly isolated from soybean plants and seeds but not all of them are pathogenic. The aim of this study was to compare the pathogenicity among different Fusarium isolates obtained from soybean plants with disease symptoms originating from an experimental field located in the southeast of Poland. Nineteen fungal isolates were selected for the pathogenicity assay, including eight isolates of F. oxysporum, six isolates of F. graminearum, four isolates of F. culmorum and one isolate of F. redolens. Species identification of these isolates was carried out using microscopic methods and sequencing of two genes: translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1) and RNA polymerase second largest subunit (RPB2). To our knowledge, this is the first report of F. redolens being isolated from soybean in Europe. The pathogenicity test was set up by fungal inoculation of healthy soybean seeds of three cultivars: Abelina, Atlanta and Mavka. Symptoms were assessed seven days after inoculation. Disease area percentage of Fusarium inoculated seeds was significantly higher compared to uninoculated control. Nineteen isolates differed in their aggressiveness as the median disease area percentage ranged between 5.0 and 88.0% depending on isolate. The obtained isolates of four Fusarium species may be used in the future screening of soybean cultivars for resistance to these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Olszak-Przybyś
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation-State Research, ul. Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland;
| | - Grażyna Korbecka-Glinka
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation-State Research, ul. Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland;
| | - Elżbieta Patkowska
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, ul. Leszczyńskiego 7, 20-069 Lublin, Poland
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14
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Catellani A, Ghilardelli F, Trevisi E, Cecchinato A, Bisutti V, Fumagalli F, Swamy HVLN, Han Y, van Kuijk S, Gallo A. Effects of Supplementation of a Mycotoxin Mitigation Feed Additive in Lactating Dairy Cows Fed Fusarium Mycotoxin-Contaminated Diet for an Extended Period. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:546. [PMID: 37755972 PMCID: PMC10534924 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15090546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium mycotoxins are inactivated by rumen flora; however, a certain amount can pass the rumen and reticulum or be converted into biological active metabolites. Limited scientific evidence is available on the impact and mitigation of Fusarium mycotoxins on dairy cows' performance and health, particularly when cows are exposed for an extended period (more than 2 months). The available information related to these mycotoxin effects on milk cheese-making parameters is also very poor. The objective of this study was to evaluate a commercially available mycotoxin mitigation product (MMP, i.e., TOXO® HP-R, Selko, Tilburg, The Netherlands) in lactating dairy cows fed a Fusarium mycotoxin-contaminated diet, and the repercussions on the dry matter intake, milk yield, milk quality, cheese-making traits and health status of cows. The MMP contains smectite clays, yeast cell walls and antioxidants. In the study, 36 lactating Holstein cows were grouped based on the number of days of producing milk, milk yield, body condition score and those randomly assigned to specific treatments. The study ran over 2 periods (March/May-May/July 2022). In each period, six animals/treatment were considered. The experimental periods consisted of 9 days of adaptation and 54 days of exposure. The physical activity, rumination time, daily milk production and milk quality were measured. The cows were fed once daily with the same total mixed ration (TMR) composition. The experimental groups consisted of a control (CTR) diet, with a TMR with low contamination, high moisture corn (HMC), and beet pulp; a mycotoxins (MTX) diet, with a TMR with highly contaminated HMC, and beet pulp; and an MTX diet supplemented with 100 g/cow/day of the mycotoxin mitigation product (MMP). The trial has shown that the use of MMP reduced the mycotoxin's negative effects on the milk yield and quality (protein, casein and lactose). The MTX diet had a lower milk yield and feed efficiency than the CTR and MMP HP-R diets. The MMP limited the negative effect of mycotoxin contamination on clotting parameters, mitigating the variations on some coagulation properties; however, the MMP inclusion tended to decrease the protein and apparent starch digestibility of the diet. These results provide a better understanding of mycotoxin risk on dairy cows' performances and milk quality. The inclusion of an MMP product mitigated some negative effects of the Fusarium mycotoxin contamination during this trial. The major effects were on the milk yield and quality in both the experimental periods. These results provide better insight on the effects of mycotoxins on the performance and quality of milk, as well as the cheese-making traits. Further analyses should be carried out to evaluate MMP's outcome on immune-metabolic responses and diet digestibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Catellani
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense, 84, 29100 Piacenza, Italy; (A.C.); (F.G.); (E.T.); (F.F.)
| | - Francesca Ghilardelli
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense, 84, 29100 Piacenza, Italy; (A.C.); (F.G.); (E.T.); (F.F.)
| | - Erminio Trevisi
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense, 84, 29100 Piacenza, Italy; (A.C.); (F.G.); (E.T.); (F.F.)
| | - Alessio Cecchinato
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell’Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (A.C.); (V.B.)
| | - Vittoria Bisutti
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell’Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (A.C.); (V.B.)
| | - Francesca Fumagalli
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense, 84, 29100 Piacenza, Italy; (A.C.); (F.G.); (E.T.); (F.F.)
| | - H. V. L. N. Swamy
- Selko Feed Additives, Nutreco, Stationsstraat 77, P.O. Box 299, 3800 AG Amersfoort, The Netherlands; (H.V.L.N.S.); (Y.H.); (S.v.K.)
| | - Yanming Han
- Selko Feed Additives, Nutreco, Stationsstraat 77, P.O. Box 299, 3800 AG Amersfoort, The Netherlands; (H.V.L.N.S.); (Y.H.); (S.v.K.)
| | - Sandra van Kuijk
- Selko Feed Additives, Nutreco, Stationsstraat 77, P.O. Box 299, 3800 AG Amersfoort, The Netherlands; (H.V.L.N.S.); (Y.H.); (S.v.K.)
| | - Antonio Gallo
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense, 84, 29100 Piacenza, Italy; (A.C.); (F.G.); (E.T.); (F.F.)
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15
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da Silva Santos AC, do Nascimento Barbosa R, Cavalcanti AD, de Souza-Motta CM, de Oliveira NT, Tiago PV, Moreira KA. Molecular identification of Brazilian Fusarium strains: sources of proteases with milk-clotting properties. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:1665-1674. [PMID: 37266822 PMCID: PMC10485214 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01016-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium is a genus of ubiquitous fungi that comprises mycotoxigenic animal and plant pathogens. These fungi have the ability to exploit a wide range of substrates and hosts, indicating their great potential for enzyme production; however, this aspect is understudied. Therefore, the present study aimed for revaluating the identity of twenty-three Fusarium strains maintained in the University Recife Mycology (URM) culture collection, Brazil, and to evaluate their potential for proteases production and the milk-clotting activity of these proteases. According to phylogenetic analysis of translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1) gene partial sequences, these strains belonged to 12 species representing four species complexes: Fusarium concolor, F. fujikuroi, F. incarnatum-equiseti, and F. oxysporum. Four of these species are putatively novel to science. Notably, novel associations of Fusarium spp. with certain hosts/substrates were documented. The proteolytic activity ranged from 1.67 U ml-1 to 22.03 U ml-1 among the evaluated fungal isolates, with specific proteolytic activity reaching 205.86 U mg-1. The values for coagulant activity and specific activity were up to 157.14 U ml-1 and 1,424.11 U mg-1, respectively. These results indicate the potential of URM Fusarium strains as a source for the production of enzymes of industrial interest. Additionally, they reinforce the importance of applying DNA-based methods for reviewing the identification of fungal strains preserved in biodiversity repositories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carla da Silva Santos
- Departamento de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Professor Moraes Rego 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil.
- Universidade Federal Do Agreste de Pernambuco, Av. Bom Pastor, Boa Vista, Garanhuns, Pernambuco, 55292-270, Brazil.
| | - Renan do Nascimento Barbosa
- Departamento de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Professor Moraes Rego 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Anthony Dias Cavalcanti
- Departamento de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Professor Moraes Rego 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Cristina Maria de Souza-Motta
- Departamento de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Professor Moraes Rego 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Neiva Tinti de Oliveira
- Departamento de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Professor Moraes Rego 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Patricia Vieira Tiago
- Departamento de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Professor Moraes Rego 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Keila Aparecida Moreira
- Universidade Federal Do Agreste de Pernambuco, Av. Bom Pastor, Boa Vista, Garanhuns, Pernambuco, 55292-270, Brazil
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16
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Lin C, Huang R, Liu J, Li H, Zhu L, Huang X, Ding B, Liu L, Huang H, Tao Y. Antibacterial Polyketides Isolated from the Marine-Derived Fungus Fusarium solani 8388. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:875. [PMID: 37754983 PMCID: PMC10532693 DOI: 10.3390/jof9090875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Seven new polyketides named fusarisolins F-K (1-6) and fusarin I (7) were isolated from the marine-derived fungus Fusarium solani 8388, together with the known anhydrojavanicin (8), 5-deoxybostry coidin (9), and scytalol A (10). Their structures were established by comprehensive spectroscopic data analyses, and by comparison of the 1H and 13C NMR data with those reported in literature. Fusarisolin F (1) contained both a dichlorobenzene group and an ethylene oxide unit, which was rare in nature. In the bioassays, fusarisolin I (4), fusarisolin J (5), and 5-deoxybostry coidin (9) exhibited obvious antibacterial activities against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus n315 with MIC values of 3, 3, and 6 μg/mL, respectively. Fusarisolin H (3) and fusarisolin J (5) showed inhibitory effects against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 10442 with the same MIC value of 6 μg/mL. With the exception of 5, all other compounds did not show or showed weak cytotoxicities against HeLa, A549, and KB cells; while fusarisolin J (5) demonstrated moderate cytotoxicities against the three human cancer cell lines with CC50 values between 9.21 and 14.02 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cankai Lin
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, and the NMPA Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Rongchun Huang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, and the NMPA Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Juntao Liu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, and the NMPA Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Hong Li
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, and the NMPA Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Liping Zhu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, and the NMPA Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, and the NMPA Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Bo Ding
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, and the NMPA Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Lan Liu
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Hongbo Huang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, and the NMPA Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Yiwen Tao
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, and the NMPA Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
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17
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Stoev SD. Foodborne Diseases Due to Underestimated Hazard of Joint Mycotoxin Exposure at Low Levels and Possible Risk Assessment. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:464. [PMID: 37505733 PMCID: PMC10467111 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15070464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The subject of this review paper is to evaluate the underestimated hazard of multiple mycotoxin exposure of animals/humans for the appearance of foodborne ailments and diseases. The significance of joint mycotoxin interaction in the development of foodborne diseases is discussed, and appropriate conclusions are made. The importance of low feed/food levels of some target mycotoxins co-contaminations in food and feedstuffs for induction of target foodborne mycotoxicoses is also studied in the available literature. The appropriate hygiene control and the necessary risk assessment in regard to possible hazards for animals and humans are also discussed, and appropriate suggestions are made. Some internationally recognized prophylactic measures, management of the risk, and the necessity of elaboration of new international regulations in regard to the maximum permitted levels are also carefully discussed and analysed in the cases of multiple mycotoxin contaminations. The necessity of harmonization of mycotoxin regulations and control measures at international levels is also discussed in order to facilitate food trade between the countries and to ensure global food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stoycho D Stoev
- Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Students Campus, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
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18
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Valenti I, Tini F, Sevarika M, Agazzi A, Beccari G, Bellezza I, Ederli L, Grottelli S, Pasquali M, Romani R, Saracchi M, Covarelli L. Impact of Enniatin and Deoxynivalenol Co-Occurrence on Plant, Microbial, Insect, Animal and Human Systems: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:271. [PMID: 37104209 PMCID: PMC10144843 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15040271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium mycotoxins commonly contaminate agricultural products resulting in a serious threat to both animal and human health. The co-occurrence of different mycotoxins in the same cereal field is very common, so the risks as well as the functional and ecological effects of mycotoxins cannot always be predicted by focusing only on the effect of the single contaminants. Enniatins (ENNs) are among the most frequently detected emerging mycotoxins, while deoxynivalenol (DON) is probably the most common contaminant of cereal grains worldwide. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the simultaneous exposure to these mycotoxins, with emphasis on the combined effects in multiple organisms. Our literature analysis shows that just a few studies on ENN-DON toxicity are available, suggesting the complexity of mycotoxin interactions, which include synergistic, antagonistic, and additive effects. Both ENNs and DON modulate drug efflux transporters, therefore this specific ability deserves to be explored to better understand their complex biological role. Additionally, future studies should investigate the interaction mechanisms of mycotoxin co-occurrence on different model organisms, using concentrations closer to real exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Valenti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (I.V.); (M.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Francesco Tini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (M.S.); (G.B.); (L.E.); (R.R.); (L.C.)
| | - Milos Sevarika
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (M.S.); (G.B.); (L.E.); (R.R.); (L.C.)
| | - Alessandro Agazzi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Beccari
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (M.S.); (G.B.); (L.E.); (R.R.); (L.C.)
| | - Ilaria Bellezza
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (I.B.); (S.G.)
| | - Luisa Ederli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (M.S.); (G.B.); (L.E.); (R.R.); (L.C.)
| | - Silvia Grottelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (I.B.); (S.G.)
| | - Matias Pasquali
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (I.V.); (M.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Roberto Romani
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (M.S.); (G.B.); (L.E.); (R.R.); (L.C.)
| | - Marco Saracchi
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (I.V.); (M.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Lorenzo Covarelli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (M.S.); (G.B.); (L.E.); (R.R.); (L.C.)
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19
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Perera RH, Hyde KD, Jones EBG, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Bundhun D, Camporesi E, Akulov A, Liu JK, Liu ZY. Profile of Bionectriaceae, Calcarisporiaceae, Hypocreaceae, Nectriaceae, Tilachlidiaceae, Ijuhyaceae fam. nov., Stromatonectriaceae fam. nov. and Xanthonectriaceae fam. nov. FUNGAL DIVERS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-022-00512-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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20
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Assessment of selected immunological parameters in dairy cows with naturally occurring mycotoxicosis before and after the application of a mycotoxin deactivator. J Vet Res 2023; 67:105-113. [PMID: 37008772 PMCID: PMC10062043 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2023-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Mycotoxins in dairy cows can cause many non-specific symptoms often resulting from immune system overreaction. The study assessed the concentration of selected cytokines and acute phase proteins (APP) in cows with natural mycotoxicosis before and after using a mycotoxin neutraliser. The cytokines were tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 10 (IL-10), and the APP were serum amyloid A (SAA) and haptoglobin (Hp).
Material and Methods
The research was carried out on an experimental group (Exp) of 10 herdmate Holstein-Friesian cows with mycotoxicosis. The control group (Con) was 10 healthy cows of the same breed from a different herd. Cows in the Exp group were administered the mycotoxin deactivator Mycofix for three months. Blood was drawn from Exp cows once before administering Mycofix and a second time after three months of its use. Blood was also drawn from Con cows at the same times. Serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, SAA and Hp were assessed using ELISA.
Results
The concentrations of all cytokines and Hp in Exp cows were higher before treatment (P < 0.001) than those in Con cows. After three months of administering Mycofix, the concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly lower than their pre-treatment levels (P < 0.001). The concentrations of IL-6, IL-10, and Hp were still significantly higher than those in the Con group (P < 0.001). In cows with mycotoxicosis, simultaneous stimulation of antagonistic processes was noted: a pro-inflammatory process in the upregulation of TNF-α and IL-6, and an anti-inflammatory one in the upregulation of IL-10.
Conclusion
Despite the absorbent’s use and the resolution of clinical symptoms in Exp cows, high levels of IL-10 and Hp and IL-6 were maintained. Assessment of the level of cytokines and APP appears to be a useful and precise tool for the evaluation and application of the appropriate dose of the mycotoxin absorbent or the evaluation of its effectiveness.
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21
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Exploring the impact of lactic acid bacteria on the biocontrol of toxigenic Fusarium spp. and their main mycotoxins. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 387:110054. [PMID: 36525768 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.110054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of fungi and mycotoxins in foods is a serious global problem. Most of the regulated mycotoxins in food are produced by Fusarium spp. This work aimed to assess the antifungal activity of selected lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains against the main toxigenic Fusarium spp. isolated from cereals. Various machine learning (ML) algorithms such as neural networks (NN), random forest (RF), extreme gradient boosted trees (XGBoost), and multiple linear regression (MLR), were applied to develop models able to predict the percentage of fungal growth inhibition caused by the LAB strains tested. In addition, the ability of the assayed LAB strains to reduce/inhibit the production of the main mycotoxins associated with these fungi was studied by UPLC-MS/MS. All assays were performed at 20, 25, and 30 °C in dual culture (LAB plus fungus) on MRS agar-cereal-based media. All factors and their interactions very significantly influenced the percentage of growth inhibition compared to controls. The efficacy of LAB strains was higher at 20 °C followed by 30 °C and 25 °C. Overall, the order of susceptibility of the fungi to LAB was F. oxysporum > F. poae = F. culmorum ≥ F. sporotrichioides > F. langsethiae > F. graminearum > F. subglutinans > F. verticillioides. In general, the most effective LAB was Leuconostoc mesenteroides ssp. mesenteroides (T3Y6b), and the least effective were Latilactobacillus sakei ssp. carnosus (T3MM1 and T3Y2). XGBoost and RF were the algorithms that produced the most accurate predicting models of fungal growth inhibition. Mycotoxin levels were usually lower when fungal growth decreased. In the cultures of F. langsethiae treated with LAB, T-2 and HT-2 toxins were not detected except in the treatments with Pediococcus pentosaceus (M9MM5b, S11sMM1, and S1M4). These three strains of P. pentosaceus, L. mesenteroides ssp. mesenteroides (T3Y6b) and L. mesenteroides ssp. dextranicum (T2MM3) inhibited fumonisin production in cultures of F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides. In F. culmorum cultures, zearalenone production was inhibited by all LAB strains, except L. sakei ssp. carnosus (T3MM1) and Companilactobacillus farciminis (T3Y6c), whereas deoxynivalenol and 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol were only detected in cultures of L. sakei ssp. carnosus (T3MM1). The results show that an appropriate selection and use of LAB strains can be one of the most impacting tools in the control of toxigenic Fusarium spp. and their mycotoxins in food and therefore one of the most promising strategies in terms of efficiency, positive impact on the environment, food safety, food security, and international economy.
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22
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Schrenk D, Bignami M, Bodin L, del Mazo JKCJ, Grasl‐Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Leblanc J, Nielsen E, Ntzani E, Petersen A, Sand S, Schwerdtle T, Vleminckx C, Wallace H, Dänicke S, Nebbia CS, Oswald IP, Rovesti E, Steinkellner H, Hoogenboom L(R. Assessment of information as regards the toxicity of deoxynivalenol for horses and poultry. EFSA J 2023; 21:e07806. [PMID: 36751491 PMCID: PMC9892893 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.7806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2017, the EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) adopted a Scientific Opinion on the risks for animal health related to the presence of deoxynivalenol (DON) and its acetylated and modified forms in food and feed. No observed adverse effect levels (NOAELs) and lowest observed adverse effect levels (LOAELs) were derived for different animal species. For horses, an NOAEL of 36 mg DON/kg feed was established, the highest concentration tested and not showing adverse effects. For poultry, an NOAEL of 5 mg DON/kg feed for broiler chickens and laying hens, and an NOAEL of 7 mg DON/kg feed for ducks and turkeys was derived. The European Commission requested EFSA to review the information regarding the toxicity of DON for horses and poultry and to revise, if necessary, the established reference points (RPs). Adverse effect levels of 1.9 and 1.7 mg DON/kg feed for, respectively, broiler chickens and turkeys were derived from reassessment of existing studies and newly available literature, showing that DON causes effects on the intestines, in particular the jejunum, with a decreased villus height but also histological damage. An RP for adverse animal health effects of 0.6 mg/kg feed for broiler chickens and turkeys, respectively, was established. For horses, an adverse effect level of 5.6 mg DON/kg feed was established from studies showing reduced feed intake, with an RP for adverse animal health effects of 3.5 mg/kg feed. For ducks and laying hens, RPs remain unchanged. Based on mean and P95 (UB) exposure estimates performed in the previous Opinion, the risk of adverse health effects of feeds containing DON was considered a potential concern for broiler chickens and turkeys. For horses, the risk for adverse health effects from feed containing DON is low.
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23
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Xu R, Yiannikouris A, Shandilya UK, Karrow NA. Comparative Assessment of Different Yeast Cell Wall-Based Mycotoxin Adsorbents Using a Model- and Bioassay-Based In Vitro Approach. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:104. [PMID: 36728779 PMCID: PMC9959493 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15020104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Frequently reported occurrences of deoxynivalenol (DON), beauvericin (BEA), and, to a lesser extent, ochratoxin A (OTA) and citrinin (CIT) in ruminant feed or feedstuff could represent a significant concern regarding feed safety, animal health, and productivity. Inclusion of yeast cell wall-based mycotoxin adsorbents in animal feeds has been a common strategy to mitigate adverse effects of mycotoxins. In the present study, an in vitro approach combining adsorption isotherm models and bioassays was designed to assess the efficacy of yeast cell wall (YCW), yeast cell wall extract (YCWE), and a postbiotic yeast cell wall-based blend (PYCW) products at the inclusion rate of 0.5% (w/v) (ratio of adsorbent mass to buffer solution volume). The Hill's adsorption isotherm model was found to best describe the adsorption processes of DON, BEA, and CIT. Calculated binding potential for YCW and YCWE using the Hill's model exhibited the same ranking for mycotoxin adsorption, indicating that BEA had the highest adsorption rate, followed by DON and CIT, which was the least adsorbed. PYCW had the highest binding potential for BEA compared with YCW and YCWE. In contrast, the Freundlich isotherm model presented a good fit for OTA adsorption by all adsorbents and CIT adsorption by PYCW. Results indicated that YCW was the most efficacious for sequestering OTA, whereas YCWE was the least efficacious. PYCW showed greater efficacy at adsorbing OTA than CIT. All adsorbents exhibited high adsorption efficacy for BEA, with an overall percentage average of bound mycotoxin exceeding 60%, whereas moderate efficacies for the other mycotoxins were observed (up to 37%). Differences in adsorbent efficacy of each adsorbent significantly varied according to experimental concentrations tested for each given mycotoxin (p < 0.05). The cell viability results from the bioassay using a bovine mammary epithelial cell line (MAC-T) indicated that all tested adsorbents could potentially mitigate mycotoxin-related damage to bovine mammary epithelium. Results from our studies suggested that all tested adsorbents had the capacity to adsorb selected mycotoxins in vitro, which could support their use to mitigate their effects in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Xu
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Alexandros Yiannikouris
- Alltech Inc., Center for Animal Nutrigenomics and Applied Animal Nutrition, 3031 Catnip Hill Road, Nicholasville, KY 40356, USA
| | - Umesh K. Shandilya
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Niel A. Karrow
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada
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24
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Prathap-Kumar K, Balakrishna-Nair MN, Punniyamurthy N. Inhalation toxicity of mycotoxins in farm animals. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH 2023; 24:94-95. [PMID: 37790111 PMCID: PMC10542869 DOI: 10.22099/ijvr.2023.47378.6833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Prathap-Kumar
- Division of Ethno-Veterinary Science and Practice, The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology (TDU), Bangalore, India
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25
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Potekhina RM, Tarasova EY, Matrosova LE, Khammadov NI, Saifutdinov AM, Ermolaeva OK, Tanaseva SA, Mishina NN, Nigmatulin GN, Mukharlyamova AZ, Smolentsev SY, Semenov EI. A Case of Laying Hens Mycosis Caused by Fusarium proliferatum. Vet Med Int 2023; 2023:5281260. [PMID: 37168542 PMCID: PMC10164870 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5281260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In this article, we present the first case report of a chicken mycosis caused by F. proliferatum occurred on a private farm in the Russian Federation. Lesions on the skin of the legs and scallops were reported. The object of this study was samples of feed and pathological material from sick hens-layers. Mycological analysis included determination of the total number of fungi (TNF) and identification and determination of the toxicity and pathogenicity of the isolates. The identification of the isolate was carried out taking into account direct microscopy, morphological features, and the method of molecular genetic analysis. Microscopic fungi of the genus Penicillium and Rhizopus were isolated by mycological analysis of the feed. The test feed was nontoxic. Mycological examination of pathological material (scrapings from the combs and affected legs) identified an isolate of Fusarium proliferatum, which showed toxicity on biological objects (protozoa, rabbits) and pathogenicity (white mice). Dermal application of F. proliferatum suspension was accompanied by reddening of the rabbit skin. Intraperitoneal injection of fungal spores caused mycosis in white mice. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) made it possible to identify this type of microscopic fungus (F. proliferatum) with high accuracy in the samples under study. The research results allow us to consider F. proliferatum as a cause of poultry disease against the background of predisposing factors in the form of desquamation of the stratum corneum of the skin against the background of immunosuppression and metabolic disorders caused by an imbalance in the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramziya M. Potekhina
- Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Kazan 420075, Nauchnyi Gorodok-2, Russia
| | - Evgenya Yu. Tarasova
- Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Kazan 420075, Nauchnyi Gorodok-2, Russia
| | - Lilia E. Matrosova
- Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Kazan 420075, Nauchnyi Gorodok-2, Russia
| | - Nail I. Khammadov
- Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Kazan 420075, Nauchnyi Gorodok-2, Russia
| | - Alexander M. Saifutdinov
- Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Kazan 420075, Nauchnyi Gorodok-2, Russia
| | - Olga K. Ermolaeva
- Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Kazan 420075, Nauchnyi Gorodok-2, Russia
| | - Svetlana A. Tanaseva
- Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Kazan 420075, Nauchnyi Gorodok-2, Russia
| | - Nailya N. Mishina
- Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Kazan 420075, Nauchnyi Gorodok-2, Russia
| | - Gali N. Nigmatulin
- Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Kazan 420075, Nauchnyi Gorodok-2, Russia
| | - Aisylu Z. Mukharlyamova
- Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Kazan 420075, Nauchnyi Gorodok-2, Russia
| | | | - Eduard I. Semenov
- Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Kazan 420075, Nauchnyi Gorodok-2, Russia
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26
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Hypoxia and Cellular Senescence, Emerging Toxic Mechanisms of Mycotoxins and Toxins: A New Understanding of the Negative Immune Regulations. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14120880. [PMID: 36548777 PMCID: PMC9787684 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14120880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxin contamination is an important issue that has plagued the world [...]
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27
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Noor N, Jhan F, Gani A, Raina IA, Shah MA. Nutraceutical and toxicological evaluation of hydrogels architected using resistant starch nanoparticles and gum acacia for controlled release of kaempferol. FOOD STRUCTURE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foostr.2022.100307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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28
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Xu R, Shandilya UK, Yiannikouris A, Karrow NA. Traditional and emerging Fusarium mycotoxins disrupt homeostasis of bovine mammary cells by altering cell permeability and innate immune function. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2022; 12:388-397. [PMID: 36733782 PMCID: PMC9883199 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
High incidence of traditional and emerging Fusarium mycotoxins in cereal grains and silages can be a potential threat to feed safety and ruminants. Inadequate biodegradation of Fusarium mycotoxins by rumen microflora following ingestion of mycotoxin-contaminated feeds can lead to their circulatory transport to target tissues such as mammary gland. The bovine udder plays a pivotal role in maintaining milk yield and composition, thus, human health. However, toxic effects of Fusarium mycotoxins on bovine mammary gland are rarely studied. In this study, the bovine mammary epithelial cell line was used as an in-vitro model of bovine mammary epithelium to investigate effects of deoxynivalenol (DON), enniatin B (ENB) and beauvericin (BEA) on bovine mammary gland homeostasis. Results indicated that exposure to DON, ENB and BEA for 48 h significantly decreased cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner (P < 0.001). Exposure to DON at 0.39 μmol/L and BEA at 2.5 μmol/L for 48 h also decreased paracellular flux of FITC-40 kDa dextran (P < 0.05), whereas none of the mycotoxins affected transepithelial electrical resistance after 48 h exposure. The qPCR was performed for assessment of expression of gene coding tight junction (TJ) proteins, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and cytokines after 4, 24 and 48 h of exposure. DON, ENB and BEA significantly upregulated the TJ protein zonula occludens-1, whereas markedly downregulated claudin 3 (P < 0.05). Exposure to DON at 1.35 μmol/L for 4 h significantly increased expression of occludin (P < 0.01). DON, ENB and BEA significant downregulated TLR4 (P < 0.05). In contrast, ENB markedly increased expression of cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) (P < 0.001), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-a) (P < 0.05) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) (P < 0.01). BEA significantly upregulated IL- 6 (P < 0.001) and TGF-β (P = 0.01), but downregulated TNF-α (P < 0.001). These results suggest that DON, ENB and BEA can disrupt mammary gland homeostasis by inducing cell death as well as altering its paracellular permeability and expression of genes involved in innate immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Xu
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Umesh K. Shandilya
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Alexandros Yiannikouris
- Alltech Inc., Center for Animal Nutrigenomics and Applied Animal Nutrition, Nicholasville, KY 40356, USA
| | - Niel A. Karrow
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada,Corresponding author.
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Haidoulis JF, Nicholson P. Tissue-specific transcriptome responses to Fusarium head blight and Fusarium root rot. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1025161. [PMID: 36352885 PMCID: PMC9637937 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1025161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) and Fusarium root rot (FRR) are important diseases of small-grain cereals caused by Fusarium species. While host response to FHB has been subject to extensive study, very little is known about response to FRR and the transcriptome responses of FHB and FRR have not been thoroughly compared. Brachypodium distachyon (Bd) is an effective model for investigating host responses to both FHB and FRR. In this study the transcriptome response of Bd to F. graminearum (Fg) infection of heads and roots was investigated. An RNA-seq analysis was performed on both Bd FHB and FRR during the early infection. Additionally, an RNA-seq analysis was performed on in vitro samples of Fg for comparison with Fg gene expression in planta. Differential gene expression and gene-list enrichment analyses were used to compare FHB and FRR transcriptome responses in both Bd and Fg. Differential expression of selected genes was confirmed using RT-qPCR. Most genes associated with receptor signalling, cell-wall modification, oxidative stress metabolism, and cytokinin and auxin biosynthesis and signalling genes were generally upregulated in FHB or were downregulated in FRR. In contrast, Bd genes involved in jasmonic acid and ethylene biosynthesis and signalling, and antimicrobial production were similarly differentially expressed in both tissues in response to infection. A transcriptome analysis of predicted Fg effectors with the same infected material revealed elevated expression of core tissue-independent genes including cell-wall degradation enzymes and the gene cluster for DON production but also several tissue-dependent genes including those for aurofusarin production and cutin degradation. This evidence suggests that Fg modulates its transcriptome to different tissues of the same host.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Nicholson
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, England
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Analysis of RIOK2 Functions in Mediating the Toxic Effects of Deoxynivalenol in Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232112712. [PMID: 36361502 PMCID: PMC9653672 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a type of mycotoxin that threatens human and livestock health. Right open reading frame kinase 2 (RIOK2) is a kinase that has a pivotal function in ribosome maturation and cell cycle progression. This study aims to clarify the role of the RIOK2 gene in DON-induced cytotoxicity regulation in porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2). Cell viability assay and flow cytometry showed that the knockdown of RIOK2 inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and oxidative stress in DON-induced IPEC-J2. Then, transcriptome profiling identified candidate genes and pathways that closely interacted with both DON cytotoxicity regulation and RIOK2 expression. Furthermore, RIOK2 interference promoted the activation of the MAPK signaling pathway by increasing the phosphorylation of ERK and JNK. Additionally, we performed the dual-luciferase reporter and ChIP assays to elucidate that the expression of RIOK2 was influenced by the binding of transcription factor Sp1 with the promoter region. Briefly, the reduced expression of the RIOK2 gene exacerbates the cytotoxic effects induced by DON in IPEC-J2. Our findings provide insights into the control strategies for DON contamination by identifying functional genes and effective molecular markers.
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31
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Bergsma S, Euverink GJW, Charalampogiannis N, Poulios E, Janssens TKS, Achinas S. Biotechnological and Medical Aspects of Lactic Acid Bacteria Used for Plant Protection: A Comprehensive Review. BIOTECH 2022; 11:biotech11030040. [PMID: 36134914 PMCID: PMC9497054 DOI: 10.3390/biotech11030040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of chemical pesticides in agriculture goes hand in hand with some crucial problems. These problems include environmental deterioration and human health complications. To eliminate the problems accompanying chemical pesticides, biological alternatives should be considered. These developments spark interest in many environmental fields, including agriculture. In this review, antifungal compounds produced by lactic acid bacteria (LABs) are considered. It summarizes the worldwide distribution of pesticides and the effect of pesticides on human health and goes into detail about LAB species, their growth, fermentation, and their antifungal compounds. Additionally, interactions between LABs with mycotoxins and plants are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Bergsma
- Faculty of Science and Engineering; University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (S.B.); (S.A.)
| | - Gerrit Jan Willem Euverink
- Faculty of Science and Engineering; University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Efthymios Poulios
- 4th Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Rimini 1, Chaidari, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Spyridon Achinas
- Faculty of Science and Engineering; University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (S.B.); (S.A.)
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Li SJ, Zhang G, Xue B, Ding Q, Han L, Huang JC, Wu F, Li C, Yang C. Toxicity and detoxification of T-2 toxin in poultry. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 169:113392. [PMID: 36044934 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the updated knowledge on the toxicity of T-2 on poultry, followed by potential strategies for detoxification of T-2 in poultry diet. The toxic effects of T-2 on poultry include cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, metabolism modulation, immunotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, gastrointestinal toxicity, skeletal toxicity, nephrotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, neurotoxicity, etc. Cytotoxicity is the primary toxicity of T-2, characterized by inhibiting protein and nucleic acid synthesis, altering the cell cycle, inducing oxidative stress, apoptosis and necrosis, which lead to damages of immune organs, liver, digestive tract, bone, kidney, etc., resulting in pathological changes and impaired physiological functions of these organs. Glutathione redox system, superoxide dismutase, catalase and autophagy are protective mechanisms against oxidative stress and apoptosis, and can compensate the pathological changes and physiological functions impaired by T-2 to some degree. T-2 detoxifying agents for poultry feeds include adsorbing agents (e.g., aluminosilicate-based clays and microbial cell wall), biotransforming agents (e.g., Eubacterium sp. BBSH 797 strain), and indirect detoxifying agents (e.g., plant-derived antioxidants). These T-2 detoxifying agents could alleviate different pathological changes to different degrees, and multi-component T-2 detoxifying agents can likely provide more comprehensive protection against the toxicity of T-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Ji Li
- School of Engineering, Guangzhou College of Technology and Business, Guangzhou, 510850, China.
| | - Guangzhi Zhang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Bin Xue
- School of Engineering, Guangzhou College of Technology and Business, Guangzhou, 510850, China
| | - Qiaoling Ding
- School of Engineering, Guangzhou College of Technology and Business, Guangzhou, 510850, China
| | - Lu Han
- School of Engineering, Guangzhou College of Technology and Business, Guangzhou, 510850, China
| | - Jian-Chu Huang
- School of Engineering, Guangzhou College of Technology and Business, Guangzhou, 510850, China
| | - Fuhai Wu
- School of Engineering, Guangzhou College of Technology and Business, Guangzhou, 510850, China
| | - Chonggao Li
- School of Engineering, Guangzhou College of Technology and Business, Guangzhou, 510850, China
| | - Chunmin Yang
- School of Engineering, Guangzhou College of Technology and Business, Guangzhou, 510850, China.
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Zhang J, Liu X, Su Y, Li T. An update on T2-toxins: metabolism, immunotoxicity mechanism and human assessment exposure of intestinal microbiota. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10012. [PMID: 35928103 PMCID: PMC9344027 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are naturally produced secondary metabolites or low molecular organic compounds produced by fungus with high diversification, which cause mycotoxicosis (food contamination) in humans and animals. T-2 toxin is simply one of the metabolites belonging to fungi trichothecene mycotoxin. Specifically, Trichothecenes-2 (T-2) mycotoxin of genus fusarium is considered one of the most hotspot agricultural commodities and carcinogenic compounds worldwide. There are well-known examples of salmonellosis in mice and pigs, necrotic enteritis in chickens, catfish enteric septicemia and colibacillosis in pigs as T-2 toxic agent. On the other hand, it has shown a significant reduction in the Salmonella population's aptitude in the pig intestinal tract. Although the impact of the excess Fusarium contaminants on humans in creating infectious illness is less well-known, some toxins are harmful; for example, salmonellosis and colibacillosis have been frequently observed in humans. More than 20 different metabolites are synthesized and excreted after ingestion, but the T-2 toxin is one of the most protuberant metabolites. Less absorption of mycotoxins in intestinal tract results in biotransformation of toxic metabolites into less toxic variants. In addition to these, effects of microbiota on harmful mycotoxins are not limited to intestinal tract, it may harm the other human vital organs. However, detoxification of microbiota is considered as an alternative way to decontaminate the feed for both animals and humans. These transformations of toxic metabolites depend upon the formation of metabolites. This study is complete in all perspectives regarding interactions between microbiota and mycotoxins, their mechanism and practical applications based on experimental studies.
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Nielsen SS, Alvarez J, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin‐Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Schmidt G, Herskin M, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MÁ, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Padalino B, Roberts HC, Stahl K, Velarde A, Viltrop A, Winckler C, Edwards S, Ivanova S, Leeb C, Wechsler B, Fabris C, Lima E, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Van der Stede Y, Vitali M, Spoolder H. Welfare of pigs on farm. EFSA J 2022; 20:e07421. [PMID: 36034323 PMCID: PMC9405538 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This scientific opinion focuses on the welfare of pigs on farm, and is based on literature and expert opinion. All pig categories were assessed: gilts and dry sows, farrowing and lactating sows, suckling piglets, weaners, rearing pigs and boars. The most relevant husbandry systems used in Europe are described. For each system, highly relevant welfare consequences were identified, as well as related animal-based measures (ABMs), and hazards leading to the welfare consequences. Moreover, measures to prevent or correct the hazards and/or mitigate the welfare consequences are recommended. Recommendations are also provided on quantitative or qualitative criteria to answer specific questions on the welfare of pigs related to tail biting and related to the European Citizen's Initiative 'End the Cage Age'. For example, the AHAW Panel recommends how to mitigate group stress when dry sows and gilts are grouped immediately after weaning or in early pregnancy. Results of a comparative qualitative assessment suggested that long-stemmed or long-cut straw, hay or haylage is the most suitable material for nest-building. A period of time will be needed for staff and animals to adapt to housing lactating sows and their piglets in farrowing pens (as opposed to crates) before achieving stable welfare outcomes. The panel recommends a minimum available space to the lactating sow to ensure piglet welfare (measured by live-born piglet mortality). Among the main risk factors for tail biting are space allowance, types of flooring, air quality, health status and diet composition, while weaning age was not associated directly with tail biting in later life. The relationship between the availability of space and growth rate, lying behaviour and tail biting in rearing pigs is quantified and presented. Finally, the panel suggests a set of ABMs to use at slaughter for monitoring on-farm welfare of cull sows and rearing pigs.
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Identification of Candidate Genes Associated with Trichothecene Biosynthesis in Fusarium graminearum Species Complex Combined with Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analysis. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081479. [PMID: 35893537 PMCID: PMC9332169 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fusarium graminearum species complex is the main causal agent of wheat head blight worldwide. Trichothecenes produced by the pathogen in infected grains have important food safety implications. Previously reported studies on trichothecene production have all focused on the conditions conducive to mycotoxin production, while the molecular mechanisms of trichothecene biosynthesis in Fusarium strains under normal or non-inducing conditions are still unclear. Here, a global analysis of the fungal gene expression of three strains using the Affymetrix Fusarium GeneChip under non-inducing conditions is reported. Differentially expressed genes were identified among strains with different trichothecene-production ability, and some novel genes associated with trichothecene biosynthesis were found by bioinformatics analysis. To verify the transcriptome results, proteomic analyses of the three strains were conducted under the same culture conditions. In total, 69 unique fungal proteins were identified in 77 protein spots. Combined with transcriptome and proteome analysis, 27 novel genes were predicted to be associated with trichothecene mycotoxin production. A protein, encoded by FGSG_01403, was found to be associated with trichothecene production via proteome analysis. Gene knock-out mutations of FGSG_01403 resulted in mutants with increased production of trichothecenes. Future functional analysis of the candidate genes identified in this study may reveal new insights into the negative regulation of trichothecene production in the Fusarium graminearum species complex.
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36
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Adverse Effects of Fusarium Toxins in Ruminants: A Review of In Vivo and In Vitro Studies. DAIRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/dairy3030035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With an increased knowledge of the mechanism of action of Fusarium mycotoxins, the concept that these substances are deleterious only for monogastric species is obsolete. Indeed, most mycotoxins can be converted into less toxic compounds by the rumen microflora from healthy animals. However, mycotoxin absorption and its conversion to more toxic metabolites, as well as their impact on the immune response and subsequently animal welfare, reproductive function, and milk quality during chronic exposure should not be neglected. Among the Fusarium mycotoxins, the most studied are deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEN), and fumonisins from the B class (FBs). It is remarkable that there is a paucity of in vivo research, with a low number of studies on nutrient digestibility and rumen function. Most of the in vitro studies are related to the reproductive function or are restricted to rumen incubation. When evaluating the production performance, milk yield is used as an evaluated parameter, but its quality for cheese production is often overlooked. In the present review, we summarize the most recent findings regarding the adverse effects of these mycotoxins with special attention to dairy cattle.
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Cao Z, Gao J, Huang W, Yan J, Shan A, Gao X. Curcumin mitigates deoxynivalenol-induced intestinal epithelial barrier disruption by regulating Nrf2/p53 and NF-κB/MLCK signaling in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 167:113281. [PMID: 35817260 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) induces intestinal epithelial barrier disruption, posing a threat to the body. Curcumin (Cur) possesses pharmacological bioactivities such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects that help maintain intestinal health. Here, the protective effects of Cur against DON-induced intestinal epithelial barrier disruption were explored. Cur (75 or 150 mg/kg body weight [B.W.]) alleviated DON-induced (2.4 mg/kg B.W.) inhibition of growth performance and morphological damage to intestinal epithelium in mice. Cur also significantly attenuated DON-induced intestinal epithelial barrier disruption and structural damage to the tight junctions (TJs), as assessed by ultrastructure observation, serum FITC-dextran concentrations and diamine oxidase activity. Cur mitigated the DON-induced increase in reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine levels; p53, cytoplasmic cytochrome c, Bax, and Bcl-2 expression; and TUNEL-positive cell rate and caspase-3 activity. It decreased the total antioxidant capacity and expression of nuclear Nrf2 and its downstream target genes. Lastly, Cur attenuated the DON-induced increase in MLCK, p-MLC, nuclear NF-κB p65 expression, and the NF-κB downstream target genes; decrease in the expression of TJs proteins (claudin-1, occludin, and zonula occludens-1 [ZO-1]); and abnormal ZO-1 distribution. Overall, Cur mitigated the DON-induced disruption of the intestinal epithelial barrier by regulating the Nrf2/p53-mediated apoptotic pathway and NF-κB/MLCK-mediated TJs pathway in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Cao
- Post-doctoral Research Station of Animal Husbandry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jinsong Gao
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Wanyue Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Juli Yan
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Anshan Shan
- Post-doctoral Research Station of Animal Husbandry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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Nosratabadi M, Akhtari J, Faeli L, Haghani I, Aghili SR, Shokohi T, Hedayati MT, Zarrinfar H, Mohammadi R, Najafzadeh MJ, Khodavaisy S, Al-Harrasi A, Javan-Nikkhah M, Kachuei R, Salimi M, Fattahi M, Badali H, Al Hatmi AMS, Abastabar M. In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility Profile of Miltefosine against a Collection of Azole and Echinocandins Resistant Fusarium Strains. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8070709. [PMID: 35887464 PMCID: PMC9315751 DOI: 10.3390/jof8070709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium species are filamentous fungi that cause a variety of infections in humans. Because they are commonly resistant to many antifungal drugs currently available in clinical settings, research into alternative targets in fungal cells and therapeutic approaches is required. The antifungal activity of miltefosine and four comparators, amphotericin B, voriconazole, itraconazole, and caspofungin, were tested in vitro against a collection of susceptible and resistant clinical (n = 68) and environmental (n = 42) Fusarium isolates. Amphotericin B (0.8 μg/mL) had the lowest geometric mean (GM) MICs/MECs values followed by miltefosine (1.44 μg/mL), voriconazole (2.15 μg/mL), caspofungin (7.23 μg/mL), and itraconazole (14.19 μg/mL). Miltefosine was the most effective agent against Fusarium isolates after amphotericin B indicating that miltefosine has the potential to be studied as a novel treatment for Fusarium infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Nosratabadi
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 4816983663, Iran; (M.N.); (L.F.); (I.H.); (S.R.A.); (T.S.); (M.T.H.); (M.S.)
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 4816983663, Iran
| | - Javad Akhtari
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 4816983663, Iran;
| | - Leila Faeli
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 4816983663, Iran; (M.N.); (L.F.); (I.H.); (S.R.A.); (T.S.); (M.T.H.); (M.S.)
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 4816983663, Iran
| | - Iman Haghani
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 4816983663, Iran; (M.N.); (L.F.); (I.H.); (S.R.A.); (T.S.); (M.T.H.); (M.S.)
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 4816983663, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Aghili
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 4816983663, Iran; (M.N.); (L.F.); (I.H.); (S.R.A.); (T.S.); (M.T.H.); (M.S.)
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 4816983663, Iran
| | - Tahereh Shokohi
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 4816983663, Iran; (M.N.); (L.F.); (I.H.); (S.R.A.); (T.S.); (M.T.H.); (M.S.)
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 4816983663, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Hedayati
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 4816983663, Iran; (M.N.); (L.F.); (I.H.); (S.R.A.); (T.S.); (M.T.H.); (M.S.)
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 4816983663, Iran
| | - Hossein Zarrinfar
- Allergy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9176699199, Iran;
| | - Rasoul Mohammadi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran;
| | - Mohammad Javad Najafzadeh
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9176699199, Iran;
| | - Sadegh Khodavaisy
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1717613151, Iran;
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman;
| | - Mohammad Javan-Nikkhah
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 3158777871, Iran;
| | - Reza Kachuei
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1435916471, Iran;
| | - Maryam Salimi
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 4816983663, Iran; (M.N.); (L.F.); (I.H.); (S.R.A.); (T.S.); (M.T.H.); (M.S.)
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 4816983663, Iran
| | - Mahsa Fattahi
- Centre for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416613675, Iran;
| | - Hamid Badali
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA;
| | - Abdullah M. S. Al Hatmi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman;
- Center of Expertise in Mycology, Radboud University Medical Center/Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, 6532 SZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (A.M.S.A.H.); (M.A.); Tel.: +968-25446654 (A.M.S.A.H.); +98-9112111347 (M.A.); Fax: +968-25446612 (A.M.S.A.H.); +98-33543248 (M.A.)
| | - Mahdi Abastabar
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 4816983663, Iran; (M.N.); (L.F.); (I.H.); (S.R.A.); (T.S.); (M.T.H.); (M.S.)
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 4816983663, Iran
- Correspondence: (A.M.S.A.H.); (M.A.); Tel.: +968-25446654 (A.M.S.A.H.); +98-9112111347 (M.A.); Fax: +968-25446612 (A.M.S.A.H.); +98-33543248 (M.A.)
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von Buchholz JS, Ruhnau D, Hess C, Aschenbach JR, Hess M, Awad WA. Paracellular intestinal permeability of chickens induced by DON and/or C. jejuni is associated with alterations in tight junction mRNA expression. Microb Pathog 2022; 168:105509. [PMID: 35367310 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Toxins, antigens, and harmful pathogens continuously challenge the intestinal mucosa. Therefore, regulation of the intestinal barrier is crucial for the maintenance of mucosal homeostasis and gut health. Intercellular complexes, namely, tight junctions (TJs), regulate paracellular permeability. TJs are mainly composed of claudins (CLDN), occludin (OCLN), tight junction associated MARVEL-domain proteins (TAMPS), the scaffolding zonula occludens (ZO) proteins and junction-adhesion molecules (JAMs). Different studies have shown that a Campylobacter infection can lead to a phenomenon so-called "leaky gut", including the translocation of luminal bacteria to the underlying tissue and internal organs. Based on the effects of C. jejuni on the chicken gut, we hypothesize that impacts on TJ proteins play a crucial role in the destructive effects of the intestinal barrier. Likewise, the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) can also alter gut permeability in chickens. Albeit DON and C. jejuni are widely distributed, no data are available on their effect on the tight junctions' barrier in the broiler intestine and consequences for permeability. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the interaction between DON and C. jejuni on the gut barrier by linking permeability with gene expression of TJ proteins and to determine the relationships between the measurements. Following oral infection of birds with C. jejuni NCTC 12744 at 14 days of age, we demonstrate that the co-exposure with DON has considerable consequences on gut permeability as well as on gut TJ mRNA expression. Co-exposure of DON and C. jejuni enhanced the negative effect on paracellular permeability of the intestine, which was also noticed for the bacteria or the mycotoxin alone by the Ussing chamber technique at certain time points in both jejunum and caecum. Furthermore, the increased paracellular permeability was associated with significant changes in TJ mRNA expression in the small and large intestine. The actual study demonstrates that co-exposure of broiler chickens to DON and C. jejuni resulted in a decreased barrier function via up-regulation of pore-forming tight junctions (CLDN7 and CLDN10), as well as the cytosolic TJ protein occludin (OCLN) that can shift to various paracellular locations and are therefore able to alter the epithelial permeability. These findings indicate that the co-exposure of broiler chickens to DON and C. jejuni affects the paracellular permeability of the gut by altering the tight junction proteins. Furthermore, analysing of correlations between TJs revealed that the mRNA expression levels of most tight junctions were correlated with each other in both jejunum and caecum. Finally, the findings indicate that the molecular composition of tight junctions can be used as a marker for gut health and integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sophia von Buchholz
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Ruhnau
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Hess
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jörg R Aschenbach
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Hess
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wageha A Awad
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
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Fan J, Lv C, Li Z, Guo M, Yin Y, Wang H, Wang W, Sun S. α-Glucosidase inhibitory effect of an anthraquinonoid produced by Fusarium incarnatum GDZZ-G2. J Basic Microbiol 2022; 62:1360-1370. [PMID: 35736630 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202200166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
α-Glucosidase is the key enzyme on carbohydrate metabolism, and its bioactive inhibitors are supposed to be an effective therapeutic for type 2 diabetes mellitus. During our continuing study for discovering α-glucosidase inhibitors, a fungus GDZZ-G2 which is derived from a medicinal plant Callicarpa kwangtungensis Chun, exhibited significant inhibition on α-glucosidase. The strain was identified as Fusarium incarnatum by morphological and molecular methods. Further bioassay-guided fractionation result in six known secondary metabolites (1-6). All the compounds except 4 were isolated from F. incarnatum for the first time. Among them, an anthraquinonoid (S)-1,3,6-trihydroxy-7-(1-hydroxyethyl)anthracene-9,10-dione (compound 1) exhibited strong inhibitory effect against α-glucosidase (IC50 = 77.67 ± 0.67 μΜ), compared with acarbose (IC50 = 711.8 ± 5 μΜ). An enzyme kinetics analysis revealed that compound 1 was an uncompetitive inhibitor. Besides, docking simulations predicted that compound 1 inhibited α-glucosidase substrate complex by binding Gln322, Gly306, Thr307, and Ser329 through hydrogen-bond interactions. Our findings suggested that compound 1 can be considered a lead compound for further modifications and the development of a new effective drug candidate in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahe Fan
- Department of Natural Medicine and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chaoyi Lv
- Department of Natural Medicine and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhizhou Li
- Department of Natural Medicine and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mengru Guo
- Department of Natural Medicine and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yichen Yin
- Department of Natural Medicine and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Natural Medicine and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Natural Medicine and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shiwei Sun
- Department of Natural Medicine and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Xu R, Kiarie EG, Yiannikouris A, Sun L, Karrow NA. Nutritional impact of mycotoxins in food animal production and strategies for mitigation. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:69. [PMID: 35672806 PMCID: PMC9175326 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00714-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi that are commonly detected as natural contaminants in agricultural commodities worldwide. Mycotoxin exposure can lead to mycotoxicosis in both animals and humans when found in animal feeds and food products, and at lower concentrations can affect animal performance by disrupting nutrient digestion, absorption, metabolism, and animal physiology. Thus, mycotoxin contamination of animal feeds represents a significant issue to the livestock industry and is a health threat to food animals. Since prevention of mycotoxin formation is difficult to undertake to avoid contamination, mitigation strategies are needed. This review explores how the mycotoxins aflatoxins, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, fumonisins and ochratoxin A impose nutritional and metabolic effects on food animals and summarizes mitigation strategies to reduce the risk of mycotoxicity.
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Shao S, Shang W, Bai Y, Dou L, Zhang S, Shen J, Wang Z, Wen K. Development of a Highly Sensitive and Specific ic-ELISA and Lateral Flow Immunoassay for Diacetoxyscirpenol. Foods 2022; 11:foods11111548. [PMID: 35681298 PMCID: PMC9180083 DOI: 10.3390/foods11111548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
To monitor the contamination of a type A trichothecene, diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), one monoclonal antibody (mAb) 8A9 with high affinity and specificity was prepared in the present study. The mAb 8A9 showed a 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) of 0.31 μg/L, which is of the highest affinity reported to date. An indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) and lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) based on mAb 8A9 were developed and exhibited limits of detection as low as 0.65 μg/kg and 100 μg/kg in rice samples, respectively. The molecular recognition mechanism of mAb 8A9 to DAS was explored by molecular docking. The results showed that the hydrophobic amino acids of mAb 8A9 interacted with DAS by forming hydrogen bonds and a pi-sigma bond, which lead to a highly specific recognition of DAS. In summary, we produced one mAb, developed ELISA and LFIA for DAS detection in rice with significantly sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and precision.
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Reinold J, Farahpour F, Schoerding AK, Fehring C, Dolff S, Konik M, Korth J, van Baal L, Buer J, Witzke O, Westendorf AM, Kehrmann J. The Fungal Gut Microbiome Exhibits Reduced Diversity and Increased Relative Abundance of Ascomycota in Severe COVID-19 Illness and Distinct Interconnected Communities in SARS-CoV-2 Positive Patients. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:848650. [PMID: 35521219 PMCID: PMC9062042 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.848650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical and experimental studies indicate that the bacterial and fungal gut microbiota modulates immune responses in distant organs including the lungs. Immune dysregulation is associated with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, and several groups have observed gut bacterial dysbiosis in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients, while the fungal gut microbiota remains poorly defined in these patients. We analyzed the fungal gut microbiome from rectal swabs taken prior to anti-infective treatment in 30 SARS-CoV-2 positive (21 non-severe COVID-19 and 9 developing severe/critical COVID-19 patients) and 23 SARS-CoV-2 negative patients by ITS2-sequencing. Pronounced but distinct interconnected fungal communities distinguished SARS-CoV-2 positive and negative patients. Fungal gut microbiota in severe/critical COVID-19 illness was characterized by a reduced diversity, richness and evenness and by an increase of the relative abundance of the Ascomycota phylum compared with non-severe COVID-19 illness. A dominance of a single fungal species with a relative abundance of >75% was a frequent feature in severe/critical COVID-19. The dominating fungal species were highly variable between patients even within the groups. Several fungal taxa were depleted in patients with severe/critical COVID-19.The distinct compositional changes of the fungal gut microbiome in SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially in severe COVID-19 illness, illuminate the necessity of a broader approach to investigate whether the differences in the fungal gut microbiome are consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection or a predisposing factor for critical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Reinold
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Farnoush Farahpour
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biophysics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Schoerding
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christian Fehring
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dolff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Margarethe Konik
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Johannes Korth
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lukas van Baal
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jan Buer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Oliver Witzke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Astrid M. Westendorf
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jan Kehrmann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Wachowska U, Sulyok M, Wiwart M, Suchowilska E, Kandler W, Krska R. The application of antagonistic yeasts and bacteria: An assessment of in vivo and under field conditions pattern of Fusarium mycotoxins in winter wheat grain. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Rojas EC, Jensen B, Jørgensen HJL, Latz MAC, Esteban P, Collinge DB. The Fungal Endophyte Penicillium olsonii ML37 Reduces Fusarium Head Blight by Local Induced Resistance in Wheat Spikes. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8040345. [PMID: 35448576 PMCID: PMC9025337 DOI: 10.3390/jof8040345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The fungal endophyte Penicillium olsonii ML37 is a biocontrol agent of Fusarium head blight in wheat (caused by Fusarium graminearum), which has shown a limited direct inhibition of fungal growth in vitro. We used RNA-seq and LC-MS/MS analyses to elucidate metabolic interactions of the three-way system Penicillium–wheat–Fusarium in greenhouse experiments. We demonstrated that P. olsonii ML37 colonises wheat spikes and transiently activates plant defence mechanisms, as pretreated spikes show a faster and stronger expression of the defence metabolism during the first 24 h after pathogen inoculation. This effect was transient and the expression of the same genes was lower in the pathogen-infected spikes than in those infected by P. olsonii alone. This response to the endophyte includes the transcriptional activation of several WRKY transcription factors. This early activation is associated with a reduction in FHB symptoms and significantly lower levels of the F. graminearum metabolites 15-acetyl-DON and culmorin. An increase in the Penicillium-associated metabolite asperphanamate confirms colonisation by the endophyte. Our results suggest that the mode of action used by P. olsonii ML37 is via a local defence activation in wheat spikes, and that this fungus has potential as a novel biological alternative in wheat disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward C. Rojas
- Section for Microbial Ecology and Biotechnology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark; (B.J.); (P.E.)
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark; (H.J.L.J.); (M.A.C.L.)
- Chr Hansen A/S, Højbakkegård Alle 30, 2630 Tåstrup, Denmark
- Correspondence: (E.C.R.); (D.B.C.); Tel.: +45-353-33356 (D.B.C.)
| | - Birgit Jensen
- Section for Microbial Ecology and Biotechnology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark; (B.J.); (P.E.)
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark; (H.J.L.J.); (M.A.C.L.)
| | - Hans J. L. Jørgensen
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark; (H.J.L.J.); (M.A.C.L.)
- Section for Plant and Soil Science, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Meike A. C. Latz
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark; (H.J.L.J.); (M.A.C.L.)
- Section for Plant and Soil Science, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark
- SciLifeLab, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Pilar Esteban
- Section for Microbial Ecology and Biotechnology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark; (B.J.); (P.E.)
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark; (H.J.L.J.); (M.A.C.L.)
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Agro-Environmental Sciences, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - David B. Collinge
- Section for Microbial Ecology and Biotechnology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark; (B.J.); (P.E.)
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark; (H.J.L.J.); (M.A.C.L.)
- Correspondence: (E.C.R.); (D.B.C.); Tel.: +45-353-33356 (D.B.C.)
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Machine learning-aided design of composite mycotoxin detoxifier material for animal feed. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4838. [PMID: 35318362 PMCID: PMC8941095 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08410-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of food and feed additives involves the design of materials with specific properties that enable the desired function while minimizing the adverse effects related with their interference with the concurrent complex biochemistry of the living organisms. Often, the development process is heavily dependent on costly and time-consuming in vitro and in vivo experiments. Herein, we present an approach to design clay-based composite materials for mycotoxin removal from animal feed. The approach can accommodate various material compositions and different toxin molecules. With application of machine learning trained on in vitro results of mycotoxin adsorption–desorption in the gastrointestinal tract, we have searched the space of possible composite material compositions to identify formulations with high removal capacity and gaining insights into their mode of action. An in vivo toxicokinetic study, based on the detection of biomarkers for mycotoxin-exposure in broilers, validated our findings by observing a significant reduction in systemic exposure to the challenging to be removed mycotoxin, i.e., deoxynivalenol (DON), when the optimal detoxifier is administrated to the animals. A mean reduction of 32% in the area under the plasma concentration–time curve of DON-sulphate was seen in the DON + detoxifier group compared to the DON group (P = 0.010).
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Xie K, He X, Hu G, Zhang H, Chen Y, Hou DX, Song Z. The preventive effect and mechanisms of adsorbent supplementation in low concentration aflatoxin B1 contaminated diet on subclinical symptom and histological lesions of broilers. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101634. [PMID: 35065342 PMCID: PMC8783143 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the subclinical symptom and histological lesions of 21-day-old and 42-day-old broilers exposure to low concentration aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), and the preventive effect with adsorbent (Toxo-MX) supplementation. A total of 576 one-day-old Arbor Acres broilers were randomly allotted into 6 treatments 8 replicates and 12 birds per cage, fed with 0 ppb, 60 ppb and 120 ppb AFB1 contamination diet with or without Toxo-MX supplementation. Results showed both 60 ppb and 120 ppb AFB1 contamination significantly reduced growth performance in 21-day-old broilers (P < 0.05), but not in 42-day-old broilers (P > 0.05), however, AFB1 contamination in diet caused a higher feed to gain ratio (P < 0.05). Broilers of 21-day-old exposure to 60 ppb and 120 ppb AFB1 increased mRNA expression of hepatic inflammatory cytokines, and superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity (P < 0.05), 42-day-old broilers showed a same change in 120 ppb but not in 60 ppb of AFB1 contamination (P < 0.05). mRNA expressions of clauding-1, Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), and occludin decreased, but Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 increased in 21-day-old broilers exposure to 60 ppb and 120 ppb AFB1 (P < 0.05), broilers of 42-day-old resisted on intestinal aflatoxicosis impairment against 60 ppb AFB1 contamination (P < 0.05), but not in 120 ppb (P < 0.05). Toxo-MX supplementation significantly reversed the detrimental effects on growth performance in both age broilers and reduced the accelerated feed to gain ratio caused by AFB1 (P < 0.05). Intestinal mRNA expression of tight junction and apoptotic genes in both age broilers were recovered by Toxo-MX supplementation (P < 0.05). However, Toxo-MX did not restore the accelerated expression of hepatic inflammation cytokines and SOD, GSH-Px in 120ppb AFB1 group (P < 0.05). The data demonstrated that diet supplementation with Toxo-MX reversed the detrimental effect on growth performance and intestine in broilers exposure to 60 ppb and 120 ppb AFB1. However, did not completely recovered hepatic inflammation induced by AFB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Engineering Research Center for Poultry Safety, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China; Course of Biological Science and Technology, United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Xi He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Engineering Research Center for Poultry Safety, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China; Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Engineering Research Center, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Guili Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Engineering Research Center for Poultry Safety, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Haihan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Engineering Research Center for Poultry Safety, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China; Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Engineering Research Center, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Yuguang Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Engineering Research Center for Poultry Safety, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China; Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Engineering Research Center, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - De-Xing Hou
- Course of Biological Science and Technology, United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan; Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Zehe Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Engineering Research Center for Poultry Safety, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China; Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Engineering Research Center, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China.
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Alavi Darazam I, Sharifi G, Jamali E, Khodavaisy S, Javandoust Gharehbagh F, Hakamifard A. Meningoencephalitis caused by Fusarium proliferatum: an unusual case. Infection 2022; 50:1023-1027. [PMID: 35112322 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-022-01761-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Meningoencephalitis can be a diagnostic dilemma and one of its etiology are infectious causes including fungal agents. Fusarium species have attracted much attention as one of the invasive fungal infections. Major clinical manifestations of infections due to Fusarium spp. are broad such as keratitis, endophthalmitis, sino-pulmonary and central nervous system (CNS) infections. However, CNS fusariosis is rare and often happens due to hematogenous dissemination from other sites. Herein, we describe an unusual case of meningoencephalitis caused by Fusarium proliferatum, in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilad Alavi Darazam
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Guive Sharifi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elena Jamali
- Department of Pathology, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Khodavaisy
- Division of Molecular Biology and Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farid Javandoust Gharehbagh
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atousa Hakamifard
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Goessens T, De Baere S, Deknock A, De Troyer N, Van Leeuwenberg R, Martel A, Pasmans F, Goethals P, Lens L, Spanoghe P, Vanhaecke L, Croubels S. Agricultural contaminants in amphibian breeding ponds: Occurrence, risk and correlation with agricultural land use. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150661. [PMID: 34597541 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic pressure such as agricultural pollution globally affects amphibian populations. In this study, a total of 178 different compounds from five agrochemical groups (i.e. antimicrobial drugs residues (ADRs), coccidiostats and anthelmintics, heavy metals, mycotoxins and pesticides) were determined monthly, from March until June 2019 in 26 amphibian breeding ponds in Flanders, Belgium. Furthermore, a possible correlation between the number and concentration of selected contaminants that were found and the percentage of arable land within a 200 m radius was studied. Within each group, the highest detected concentrations were obtained for 4-epioxytetracycline (0.422 μg L-1), levamisole (0.550 μg L-1), zinc (333.1 μg L-1), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (0.013 μg L-1), and terbuthylazine (38.7 μg L-1), respectively, with detection frequencies ranging from 1 (i.e. 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol) to 26 (i.e. zinc) out of 26 ponds. Based on reported acute and chronic ecotoxicological endpoints, detected concentrations of bifenthrin, cadmium, copper, cypermethrin, hexachlorobenzene, mercury, terbuthylazine, and zinc pose a substantial ecological risk to aquatic invertebrates such as Daphnia magna and Ceriodaphnia dubia, which both play a role in the food web and potentially in amphibian disease dynamics. Additionally, the detected concentrations of copper were high enough to exert chronic toxicity in the gray treefrog (Hyla versicolor). The number of detected compounds per pond ranged between 0 and 5 (ADRs), 0 - 2 (coccidiostats and anthelmintics), 1 - 7 (heavy metals), 0 - 4 (mycotoxins), and 0 - 12 (pesticides) across the four months. Furthermore, no significant correlation was demonstrated between the number of detected compounds per pond, as well as the detected concentrations of 4-epioxytetracycline, levamisole, copper, zinc, enniatin B and terbuthylazine, and the percentage of arable land within a 200 m radius. For heavy metals and pesticides, the number of compounds per pond varied significantly between months. Conclusively, amphibian breeding ponds in Flanders were frequently contaminated with agrochemicals, yielding concentrations up to the high μg per liter level, regardless of the percentage surrounding arable land, however showing temporal variation for heavy metals and pesticides. This research also identifies potential hazardous substances which may be added to the European watch list (CD 2018/408/EC) in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Goessens
- Ghent University, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - S De Baere
- Ghent University, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - A Deknock
- Ghent University, Department of Biology, Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Aquatic Ecology Unit, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent, Belgium
| | - N De Troyer
- Ghent University, Department of Biology, Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Aquatic Ecology Unit, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent, Belgium
| | - R Van Leeuwenberg
- Ghent University, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycology, Wildlife Health Ghent, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - A Martel
- Ghent University, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycology, Wildlife Health Ghent, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - F Pasmans
- Ghent University, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycology, Wildlife Health Ghent, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - P Goethals
- Ghent University, Department of Biology, Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Aquatic Ecology Unit, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent, Belgium
| | - L Lens
- Ghent University, Department of Biology, Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent, Belgium
| | - P Spanoghe
- Ghent University, Department of Plants and Crops, Laboratory of Crop Protection Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent, Belgium
| | - L Vanhaecke
- Ghent University, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium; Queen's University, School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security, Belfast, Ireland
| | - S Croubels
- Ghent University, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Boyle LA, Edwards SA, Bolhuis JE, Pol F, Šemrov MZ, Schütze S, Nordgreen J, Bozakova N, Sossidou EN, Valros A. The Evidence for a Causal Link Between Disease and Damaging Behavior in Pigs. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:771682. [PMID: 35155642 PMCID: PMC8828939 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.771682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Damaging behaviors (DB) such as tail and ear biting are prevalent in pig production and reduce welfare and performance. Anecdotal reports suggest that health challenges increase the risk of tail-biting. The prevalence of tail damage and health problems show high correlations across batches within and between farms. There are many common risk factors for tail-biting and health problems, notably respiratory, enteric and locomotory diseases. These include suboptimal thermal climate, hygiene, stocking density and feed quality. The prevalence of tail damage and health problems also show high correlations across batches within and between farms. However, limited evidence supports two likely causal mechanisms for a direct link between DB and health problems. The first is that generalized poor health (e.g., enzootic pneumonia) on farm poses an increased risk of pigs performing DB. Recent studies indicate a possible causal link between an experimental inflammation and an increase in DB, and suggest a link between cytokines and tail-biting. The negative effects of poor health on the ingestion and processing of nutrients means that immune-stimulated pigs may develop specific nutrient deficiencies, increasing DB. The second causal mechanism involves tail-biting causing poor health. Indirectly, pathogens enter the body via the tail lesion and once infected, systemic spread of infection may occur. This occurs mainly via the venous route targeting the lungs, and to a lesser extent via cerebrospinal fluid and the lymphatic system. In carcasses with tail lesions, there is an increase in lung lesions, abscessation, arthritis and osteomyelitis. There is also evidence for the direct spread of pathogens between biters and victims. In summary, the literature supports the association between poor health and DB, particularly tail-biting. However, there is insufficient evidence to confirm causality in either direction. Nevertheless, the limited evidence is compelling enough to suggest that improvements to management and housing to enhance pig health will reduce DB. In the same way, improvements to housing and management designed to address DB, are likely to result in benefits to pig health. While most of the available literature relates to tail-biting, we suggest that similar mechanisms are responsible for links between health and other DB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A. Boyle
- Teagasc Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Cork, Ireland
- *Correspondence: Laura A. Boyle
| | - Sandra A. Edwards
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - J. Elizabeth Bolhuis
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Manja Zupan Šemrov
- Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Animal Science, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sabine Schütze
- Chamber of Agriculture of North Rhine-Westphalia, Animal Health Services, Bad Sassendorf, Germany
| | - Janicke Nordgreen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nadya Bozakova
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Evangelia N. Sossidou
- Ellinikos Georgikos Organismos-DIMITRA (ELGO-DIMITRA), Veterinary Research Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anna Valros
- Department of Production Animal Medicine, Research Centre for Animal Welfare, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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