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Wu B, He D, Wei F, Zhao S, Tang W, Zhu Y, Yu S, Zhou Q, Wei L, Tang Y, Diao Y. Isolation and pathogenicity of a fowl adenovirus 8b (FAdV-8b) strain in Cherry Valley ducks. Avian Pathol 2024:1-25. [PMID: 39319407 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2024.2409461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
AbstractInclusion body hepatitis (IBH) is an economically important viral disease primarily affecting the poultry industry. In this study, we isolated a strain of FAdV-8b (strain SDYT) from naturally infected ducks and the hexon and fiber gene sequences were analysed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. In order to study the pathogenicity of FAdV-8b on Cherry Valley ducks, we inoculated 10- and 20-day-old ducks with 0.3 ml of FAdV-4 virus (TCID50 of 105.5/0.1 ml) either orally or intramuscularly. Clinical signs, gross lesions and histopathological changes, cytokines, viral load and antibody levels were noticed and recorded within 15 days after infection.Pathomorphological investigations revealed that ducks in the experimental group exhibited hepatitis symptoms. Histopathology showed multiple-organ damage, including serious liver and kidney lesions. Furthermore, elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines and antibodies was noticed, due to the infection and innate immune response. At later stage of infection immunosuppression occurred, resulting in decreased levels of cytokines. Determination of viral load indicated that the virus was present in several organs, with the highest viral DNA load found in the liver, followed by the kidney. Compared to birds infected orally, the intramuscular group exhibited the highest viral load. In summary, this study increases our understanding of the pathogenicity of FAdV-8b in ducks and establishes a model that will inform antiviral drug testing and vaccine evaluation for IBH, thereby preventing and reducing the spread of IBH in the poultry industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingrong Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Dalin He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Feng Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Saisai Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Wentao Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Yudong Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Shiyu Yu
- Technology Center of Fuzhou Customs District, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Inspection and Quarantine Technology Research, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qingqiu Zhou
- The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, 271000 Taian, China
| | - Lei Wei
- The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, 271000 Taian, China
| | - Yi Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Youxiang Diao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
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Zhang X, Xu B, Zhou H, Zhou X, Wang Q, Sun J, Liu K, Zha L, Li J, Dai Y, Chen F. Pathogenicity of Duck Adenovirus Type 3 in Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2284. [PMID: 39199818 PMCID: PMC11350851 DOI: 10.3390/ani14162284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Duck adenovirus Type 3 (DAdV-3) severely affects the health of ducks; however, its pathogenicity in chickens remains unknown. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the pathogenicity and major pathological changes caused by DAdV-3 in chickens. Viral DNA was extracted from the liver of the Muscovy duck, and the fiber-2 and hexon fragments of DAdV-3 were amplified through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The evolutionary tree revealed that the isolated virus belonged to DAdV-3, and it was named HE-AN-2022. The mortality rate of chicks that received inoculation with DAdV-3 subcutaneously via the neck was 100%, while the mortality rate for eye-nose drop inoculation was correlated with the numbers of infection, with 26.7% of chicks dying as a result of exposure to multiple infections. The main symptoms exhibited prior to death were hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS), ulceration of the glandular stomach, and a swollen bursa with petechial hemorrhages. A histopathological examination revealed swelling, necrosis, lymphocyte infiltration, and basophilic inclusion bodies in multiple organs. Meanwhile, the results of quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) demonstrated that DAdV-3 could affect most of the organs in chickens, with the gizzard, glandular stomach, bursa, spleen, and liver being the most susceptible to infection. The surviving chicks had extremely high antibody levels. After the chickens were infected with DAdV-3 derived from Muscovy ducks, no amino acid mutation was observed in the major mutation regions of the virus, which were ORF19B, ORF66, and ORF67. On the basis of our findings, we concluded that DAdV-3 infection is possible in chickens, and that it causes classic HHS with ulceration of the glandular stomach and a swollen bursa with petechial hemorrhages, leading to high mortality in chickens. The major variation domains did not change in Muscovy ducks or in chickens after infection. This is the first study to report DAdV-3 in chickens, providing a new basis for preventing and controlling this virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (X.Z.); (B.X.); (H.Z.); (X.Z.); (Q.W.); (J.S.); (K.L.); (L.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Bin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (X.Z.); (B.X.); (H.Z.); (X.Z.); (Q.W.); (J.S.); (K.L.); (L.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Huiqin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (X.Z.); (B.X.); (H.Z.); (X.Z.); (Q.W.); (J.S.); (K.L.); (L.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (X.Z.); (B.X.); (H.Z.); (X.Z.); (Q.W.); (J.S.); (K.L.); (L.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Qingfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (X.Z.); (B.X.); (H.Z.); (X.Z.); (Q.W.); (J.S.); (K.L.); (L.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Jiayu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (X.Z.); (B.X.); (H.Z.); (X.Z.); (Q.W.); (J.S.); (K.L.); (L.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Kewei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (X.Z.); (B.X.); (H.Z.); (X.Z.); (Q.W.); (J.S.); (K.L.); (L.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Lisha Zha
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (X.Z.); (B.X.); (H.Z.); (X.Z.); (Q.W.); (J.S.); (K.L.); (L.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Jinchun Li
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (X.Z.); (B.X.); (H.Z.); (X.Z.); (Q.W.); (J.S.); (K.L.); (L.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Yin Dai
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230036, China;
| | - Fangfang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (X.Z.); (B.X.); (H.Z.); (X.Z.); (Q.W.); (J.S.); (K.L.); (L.Z.); (J.L.)
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Das T, Nath BK, Hume S, Gowland DJ, Crawley LS, Forwood JK, Raidal SR, Das S. Novel pathogenic adenovirus in Timneh grey parrot (Psittacus timneh) unveils distinct lineage within Aviadenovirus. Virology 2024; 598:110173. [PMID: 39018684 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Wild birds harbour a vast diversity of adenoviruses that remain uncharacterised with respect to their genome organisation and evolutionary relatedness within complex host ecosystems. Here, we characterise a novel adenovirus type within Aviadenovirus genus associated with severe necrotising hepatitis in a captive Timneh grey parrot, tentatively named as Timneh grey parrot adenovirus 1 (TpAdV-1). The TpAdV-1 genome is 39,867 bp and encodes 46 putative genes with seven hitherto not described ones. Comparative genomics and phylogenetic analyses revealed highest nucleotide identity with psittacine adenovirus 1 and psittacine adenovirus 4 that formed a discrete monophyletic clade within Aviadenovirus lineage suggesting a deep host co-divergent lineage within Psittaciformes hosts. Several recombination breakpoints were identified within the TpAdV-1 genome, which highlighted an ancient evolutionary relationship across the genera Aviadenovirus, Mastadenovirus and Atadenovirus. This study hints towards a host-adapted sub-lineage of avian adenovirus capable of having significant host virulence in Psittaciformes birds augmented with ecological opportunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tridip Das
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, FCharles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW-2678, Australia; Biosecurity Research Program and Training Centre, Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW-2678, Australia; Training Hub Promoting Regional Industry and Innovation in Virology and Epidemiology, Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW-2678, Australia.
| | - Babu K Nath
- Biosecurity Research Program and Training Centre, Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW-2678, Australia
| | - Sandy Hume
- National Threatened Species Institute, Australia
| | | | - Lisa S Crawley
- Priam Psittaculture Centre, Bungendore, NSW-2621, Australia
| | - Jade K Forwood
- Biosecurity Research Program and Training Centre, Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW-2678, Australia; Training Hub Promoting Regional Industry and Innovation in Virology and Epidemiology, Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW-2678, Australia; School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, NSW-2678, Australia
| | - Shane R Raidal
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, FCharles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW-2678, Australia; Biosecurity Research Program and Training Centre, Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW-2678, Australia; Training Hub Promoting Regional Industry and Innovation in Virology and Epidemiology, Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW-2678, Australia
| | - Shubhagata Das
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, FCharles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW-2678, Australia; Biosecurity Research Program and Training Centre, Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW-2678, Australia; Training Hub Promoting Regional Industry and Innovation in Virology and Epidemiology, Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW-2678, Australia
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4
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Song Y, Liu L, Sun W, Gao W, Song X, Wang Y, Wei Q, Huang Z, Li X. Identification, pathogenicity and molecular characterization of a novel fowl adenovirus 8b strain. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103725. [PMID: 38603933 PMCID: PMC11017358 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Since 2012, there has been a noticeable upward trend in the global incidence of inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) cases, leading to substantial economic losses in the poultry industry. In response to this trend, the current study aimed to investigate the phylogenetic information, genetic mutations, and pathogenicity of the highly pathogenic fowl adenovirus (FAdV) strain HN1472, which was isolated from liver samples obtained from a laying flock affected by IBH. This investigation was carried out using 1-day-old specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. Recombination and phylogenetic analyses confirmed that HN1472 is a recombinant strain derived from FAdV-8a and FAdV-8b, and exhibited significant genetic divergence in the hexon, fiber, and ORF19 genes. Notably, the phylogenetic analysis identified recombination events in these regions. Furthermore, animal experiments revealed that HN1472 is a highly pathogenic isolate, causing 80% mortality and manifesting clinical signs of IBH in SPF chickens. Furthermore, the recombinant FAdV serotype 8b (FAdV-8b) was found to be widely distributed in various tissues, with a higher concentration in the livers and gizzard tissue at 3 d postchallenge (dpc). Collectively, these findings contribute to our current understanding of the factors influencing the pathogenicity and genetic diversity of FAdV serotype 8b (FAdV-8b) in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yapeng Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Lin Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Wenjie Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Wenming Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xiaonan Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Zongmei Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xinsheng Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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Tan Y, Raheem MA, Rahim MA, Xin H, Zhou Y, Hu X, Dai Y, Ataya FS, Chen F. Isolation, characterization, evaluation of pathogenicity, and immunomodulation through interferon production of duck adenovirus type-3 (DAdV-3). Poult Sci 2024; 103:103411. [PMID: 38215507 PMCID: PMC10825357 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Duck adenovirus type-3 (DAdV-3) is a poorly characterized duck virus. A comprehensive analysis of the DAdV-3 pathogenicity and host immune response could be a valuable addition. Herein, DAdV-3 was isolated from Muscovy duck and virus-specific genes were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The obtained gene fragments were sequenced and compared with the reference sequence. Results confirmed that the clinically isolated virus was DAdV-3, named as HF-AN-2020. To evaluate DAdV-3 host immune response, the expression levels of MDA5, STING, IRF7, MAVS, and NF-κB, and inflammatory cytokines (IFN-β, IFN-γ, and IL-1β) were determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR). The expression levels of IFN-β and IFN-γ were 32.6- and 28.6-fold, respectively, higher (P < 0.01) than the control group. It was found that the upregulation of STING and NF-κB pathways was directly involved in the regulation of inflammatory cytokines (IFN-β, IFN-γ, and IL-1β). Furthermore, the gene regulation pathways consecutively upregulated the expression levels of MDA5, STING, IRF7, MAVS, and NF-κB up to 31.6, 10.5, 31.4, 2.2, and 2.6-fold, respectively, higher (P < 0.01) than the control group. The TCID50 of DAdV-3 for Muscovy duck and chicken was 10-3.24/0.1 mL with 0% mortality, indicating low pathogenicity in both Muscovy ducks and chickens, but DAdV-3 can induce higher expression of interferons. Genome analysis showed mutations in 4 amino acids located in ORF19B (Ser to Thr), ORF66 (Leu to Phe, Ile to Leu), and ORF67 (Gly to stop codon). This study provides essential and basic information for further research on the mechanism of the cellular immune responses against adenoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Tan
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, PR China
| | - Muhammad Akmal Raheem
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Tsinghua- Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Muhammad Ajwad Rahim
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, PR China
| | - Huang Xin
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, PR China
| | - Yuhang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, PR China
| | - Xuerui Hu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, PR China
| | - Yin Dai
- Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230036, Anhui, PR China
| | - Farid Shokry Ataya
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fangfang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, PR China.
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Zhang J, Xie Z, Pan Y, Chen Z, Huang Y, Li L, Dong J, Xiang Y, Zhai Q, Li X, Sun M, Huang S, Liao M. Prevalence, genomic characteristics, and pathogenicity of fowl adenovirus 2 in Southern China. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103177. [PMID: 37980763 PMCID: PMC10685031 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the occurrence of fowl adenovirus 2 (FAdV-2) has been on the rise in China, posing a significant threat to the poultry industry. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology, phylogenetic relationship, genomic characteristics, and pathogenicity of FAdV-2. The epidemiological analysis revealed the detection of multiple FAdV serotypes, including FAdV-1, FAdV-2, FAdV-3, FAdV-4, FAdV-8a, FAdV-8b, and FAdV-11 serotypes. Among them, FAdV-2 exhibited the highest proportion, accounting for 21.05% (8/38). The complete genomes of these 8 FAdV-2 strains were sequenced. Genetic evolution analysis indicated that these FAdV-2 strains formed a separate branch within the FAdV-D group, sharing 94.60 to 97.90% nucleotide similarity with the reference FAdV-2 and FAdV-11 strains. Notably, the recombination analysis revealed that 5 out of the 8 FAdV-2 strains, exhibited recombination events between FAdV-2 and FAdV-11. The recombination regions involved Hexon, Fiber, ORF19 genes and 3' end. Furthermore, pathogenicity experiments demonstrated that recombinant FAdV-2 XX strain is capable of inducing mortality rate of 66.70% and causing more severe hepatitis hydropericardium syndrome (HHS) in 6-wk-old specific-pathogen-free chickens. These findings contribute to our understanding of the prevalence, genomic characteristics, and the pathogenicity of FAdV-2, providing foundations for FAdV-2 vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqin Zhang
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for prevention and control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention and Treatment of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zimin Xie
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for prevention and control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention and Treatment of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China; South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yanlin Pan
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for prevention and control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention and Treatment of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China; Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zuoxin Chen
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for prevention and control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention and Treatment of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China; College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, PR China
| | - Yunzhen Huang
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for prevention and control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention and Treatment of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Linlin Li
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for prevention and control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention and Treatment of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jiawen Dong
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for prevention and control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention and Treatment of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yong Xiang
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for prevention and control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention and Treatment of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Qi Zhai
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for prevention and control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention and Treatment of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xingying Li
- Guangdong VETCELL Bio-Tech Co., Ltd., Foshan, PR China
| | - Minhua Sun
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for prevention and control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention and Treatment of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Shujian Huang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, PR China
| | - Ming Liao
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for prevention and control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention and Treatment of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China; Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, PR China.
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7
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Lai J, Yang L, Chen F, He X, Zhang R, Zhao Y, Gao G, Mu W, Chen X, Luo S, Ren T, Xiang B. Prevalence and Molecular Characteristics of FAdV-4 from Indigenous Chicken Breeds in Yunnan Province, Southwestern China. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2631. [PMID: 38004643 PMCID: PMC10673041 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Fowl adenovirus-induced hepatitis-pericardial effusion syndrome outbreaks have been increasingly reported in China since 2015, resulting in substantial economic losses to the poultry industry. The genetic diversity of indigenous chicken results in different immune traits, affecting the evolution of these viruses. Although the molecular epidemiology of fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) has been well studied in commercial broiler and layer chickens, the prevalence and genetic characteristics of FAdV-4 in indigenous chickens remain largely unknown. In this study, samples were collected from six indigenous chicken breeds in Yunnan province, China. FAdV-positive samples were identified in five of the six indigenous chicken populations via PCR and 10 isolates were obtained. All FAdVs belonged to serotype FAdV-4 and species FAdV-C. The hexon, fiber, and penton gene sequence comparison analysis demonstrated that the prevalence of FAdV-4 isolates in these chickens might have originated from other provinces that exported chicks and poultry products to Yunnan province. Moreover, several distinct amino acid mutations were firstly identified in the major structural proteins. Our findings highlighted the need to decrease inter-regional movements of live poultry to protect indigenous chicken genetic resources and that the immune traits of these indigenous chickens might result in new mutations of FAdV-4 strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Lai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Center for Poultry Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Liangyu Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Center for Poultry Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Fashun Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Center for Poultry Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xingchen He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Center for Poultry Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Rongjie Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Center for Poultry Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Center for Poultry Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Gan Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Center for Poultry Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Weiwu Mu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Center for Poultry Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xi Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Center for Poultry Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Shiyu Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Center for Poultry Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Tao Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Bin Xiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Center for Poultry Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
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8
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Jakab S, Bali K, Homonnay Z, Kaszab E, Ihász K, Fehér E, Mató T, Kiss I, Palya V, Bányai K. Genomic Epidemiology and Evolution of Fowl Adenovirus 1. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2819. [PMID: 37760219 PMCID: PMC10525556 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fowl adenovirus 1 (FAdV-1) is the main cause of gizzard erosion in chickens. Whole genome sequencing and sequence analyses of 32 FAdV-1 strains from a global collection provided evidence that multiple recombination events have occurred along the entire genome. In gene-wise phylogenies, only the adenoviral pol gene formed a tree topology that corresponded to whole genome-based phylogeny. Virus genetic features that were clearly connected to gizzard erosion were not identified in our analyses. However, some genome variants tended to be more frequently identified from birds with gizzard erosion and strains isolated from healthy birds or birds with non-specific pathologies tended to form common clusters in multiple gene phylogenies. Our data show that the genetic diversity is greater, and the evolutionary mechanisms are more complex within FAdV-1 than previously thought. The implications of these findings for viral pathogenesis and epidemiology await further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szilvia Jakab
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungária krt. 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary; (S.J.); (K.B.); (E.K.); (K.I.); (E.F.)
- National Laboratory for Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, Hungária krt. 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Bali
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungária krt. 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary; (S.J.); (K.B.); (E.K.); (K.I.); (E.F.)
- National Laboratory for Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, Hungária krt. 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zalán Homonnay
- Ceva-Phylaxia Ltd., Szállás u. 5, H-1107 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.H.); (T.M.); (I.K.); (V.P.)
| | - Eszter Kaszab
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungária krt. 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary; (S.J.); (K.B.); (E.K.); (K.I.); (E.F.)
- National Laboratory for Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, Hungária krt. 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Ihász
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungária krt. 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary; (S.J.); (K.B.); (E.K.); (K.I.); (E.F.)
| | - Enikő Fehér
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungária krt. 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary; (S.J.); (K.B.); (E.K.); (K.I.); (E.F.)
- National Laboratory for Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, Hungária krt. 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Mató
- Ceva-Phylaxia Ltd., Szállás u. 5, H-1107 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.H.); (T.M.); (I.K.); (V.P.)
| | - István Kiss
- Ceva-Phylaxia Ltd., Szállás u. 5, H-1107 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.H.); (T.M.); (I.K.); (V.P.)
| | - Vilmos Palya
- Ceva-Phylaxia Ltd., Szállás u. 5, H-1107 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.H.); (T.M.); (I.K.); (V.P.)
| | - Krisztián Bányai
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungária krt. 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary; (S.J.); (K.B.); (E.K.); (K.I.); (E.F.)
- National Laboratory for Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, Hungária krt. 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, István utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
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9
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An Inactivated Novel Trivalent Vaccine Provides Complete Protection against FAdV-4 Causing Hepatitis-Hydropericardium Syndrome and FAdV-8b/-11 Causing Inclusion Body Hepatitis. Transbound Emerg Dis 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/5122382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Outbreaks of hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS) caused by fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) and inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) related to FAdV-8b and FAdV-11 have been increased in chickens in China since 2015. Clinical concurrent infections of FAdV-4, FAdV-8b, and FAdV-11 are quite common, yet there are no commercially available trivalent vaccines against infection by these three serotypes. In our previous study, a bivalent vaccine based on a recombinant FAdV-4, of which fiber-1 was replaced with the fiber of FAdV-8b, has been developed. In this study, a novel recombinant rFAdV-4-fiber/8b + 11 was constructed by inserting FAdV-11 fiber gene into the 1966-bp deletion region of rFAdV-4-fiber/8b genome. The in vitro replication ability of the rFAdV-4-fiber/8b + 11 was similar to the parental FAdV-4. One dose immunization with the inactivated rFAdV-4-fiber/8b + 11 vaccine generated robust immune responses against FAdV-4, FAdV-8b, and FAdV-11, and provided efficient clinical protection against FAdV-4, FAdV-8b, and FAdV-11 challenge. This study provides a novel strategy for developing potential trivalent vaccines for the prevention and control of HHS and IBH.
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10
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Li S, Zhao R, Yang Q, Wu M, Ma J, Wei Y, Pang Z, Wu C, Liu Y, Gu Y, Liao M, Sun H. Phylogenetic and pathogenic characterization of current fowl adenoviruses in China. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 105:105366. [PMID: 36115642 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs) continue to outbreak and cause huge economic losses to the poultry industry in China. The homologous recombination accounts for the diversity serotypes of adenovirus. However, the prevalence, recombination and pathogenicity of current FAdVs remain unclear. Herein, the prevalence, phylogenetic feature and pathogenicity of FAdVs in China in 2019 were characterized. Our findings showed that multiple species and serotypes of FAdVs currently circulate in China, including A, C, D and E species, and 1, 2, 4, 8a and 8b serotypes. Notably, the recombination occurred between FAdV-8a and FAdV-8b, and the recombination regions included Hexon, Fiber, ORF19 and ORF20. All five FAdVs replicated effectively in various chicken tissues, and viral shedding peaked at 4-8 dpi. Except CH/GDSZ/1905(FAdV-1/A), the remaining FAdVs caused obvious inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) in 3-week-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens, of which CH/JSXZ/1905(FAdV-4/C) caused hydropericardium-hepatitis syndrome (HHS) with a mortality rate of 62.5%. Taken together, our findings illustrate the prevalence, recombination and pathogenicity of current FAdVs in China and strengthen surveillance and further pathogenicity studies of FAdVs are extremely urgent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, China
| | - Qingzhou Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, China
| | - Meihua Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, China
| | - Jinhuan Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, China
| | - Yifan Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, China
| | - Zifeng Pang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, China
| | - Changrong Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, China
| | - Yanwei Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, China
| | - Yongxia Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, China
| | - Ming Liao
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PR China.
| | - Hailiang Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, China.
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11
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Cui N, Lu M, Sun S, Sun S, Xu C, Su S, Hrabchenko N, Huang Q. Illumina high-throughput sequencing for the genome of emerging fowl adenovirus D species and C species simultaneously. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102295. [PMID: 36436374 PMCID: PMC9706605 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, clinical cases of inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) and hydropericardium syndrome (HPS) have been emerging and increasing in chicken flocks worldwide. Mixed infections with 2 or more fowl adenovirus (FAdV) serotypes were common in these cases. Herein, we collected a clinical sample that was positive for FAdV from 40-day-old broilers with IBH and HPS symptoms in Shandong province of China and determined the complete genome of FAdVs on the Illumina HiSeq4000 platform. The results showed that the sample contained 2 FAdV strains of D species and C species and named SD1763-1 and SD1763-2 respectively. The genome of SD1763-1 strain was 43,913 nt in length, with a G+C content of 53.51%, whereas SD1763-2 strain was 43,721 nt in length, with a G+C content of 54.87%. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain SD1763-1 was clustered together with serotype 2/11 of FAdV-D, and SD1763-2 was clustered together with FAdV-4. There is no recombination between the genomes of the 2 viruses of FAdV-D and FAdV-C in the present study. This is the first report of obtaining 2 genomic sequences of FAdV strains simultaneously by direct use of deep sequencing in one clinical individual chicken sample, which provided direct evidence for mixed infections of adenovirus serotypes in the clinic and enriched the genome data to explore the geographic biomarkers and virulence signatures of the genus Aviadenovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Cui
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding; Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, PR China,Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, PR China
| | - Mei Lu
- Weifang Engineering Vocational College, Qingzhou, China
| | - Shiping Sun
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding; Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, PR China,Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, PR China,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Shouli Sun
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding; Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, PR China,Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, PR China
| | - Chuantian Xu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding; Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, PR China,Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, PR China
| | - Shuai Su
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China,Corresponding author:
| | - Nataliia Hrabchenko
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding; Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, PR China,Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, PR China
| | - Qinghua Huang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding; Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, PR China,Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, PR China
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12
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Complete Genome Analysis and Animal Model Development of Fowl Adenovirus 8b. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081826. [PMID: 36016448 PMCID: PMC9416599 DOI: 10.3390/v14081826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inclusion body hepatitis (IBH), hydropericardium syndrome, and gizzard erosion associated with fowl adenovirus (FAdV) infection have caused notable economic losses worldwide. In 2020, severe IBH was observed in a layer chicken farm in Hebei Province, China. Liver samples were collected from layer chickens with severe IBH and virus isolation was performed in LMH cells. DNA sequence and bioinformatics analyses were conducted to determine the phylogenetic relationship and the pathogenicity assay was conducted in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. HeB20 strain was isolated and identified as FAdV-8b, and the complete genome was successfully sequenced (GenBank No. OK188966). Although widespread recombination in clinical strains has been reported within FAdVs, HeB20 showed some novel characteristics, and did not show any recombination, highlighting that recombinant and non-recombinant FAdV-8b coexist in the clinic poultry industry. Finally, pathogenicity animal model of HeB20 was developed and showed severe IBH and 10% mortality. Collectively, a new FAdV-8b strain (HeB20) was isolated and responsible for the severe IBH in layer chickens. Complete genome of HeB20 was sequenced and valuable for future epidemiological investigations. HeB20 was capable of inducing severe IBH and 10% mortality in SPF chickens; this animal model provides a powerful tool for the future vaccine development.
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13
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Xie Z, Zhang J, Sun M, Zeng Q, Huang Y, Dong J, Li L, Huang S, Liao M. The first complete genome sequence and pathogenicity characterization of fowl adenovirus serotype 2 with inclusion body hepatitis and hydropericardium in China. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:951554. [PMID: 36072393 PMCID: PMC9443503 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.951554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 2015, fowl adenovirus (FAdV) has been frequently reported worldwide, causing serious economic losses to the poultry industry. In this study, a FAdV-2, namely GX01, was isolated from liver samples of chickens with hepatitis and hydropericardium in Guangxi Province, China. The complete genome sequence of GX01 was determined about 43,663 base pairs (bp) with 53% G+C content. To our knowledge, this is the first FAdV-2 complete genome in China. There was a deleting fragment in ORF25 gene. Phylogenetic analysis based on the hexon loop-1 gene showed that GX01 is most closely related to FAdV-2 strain 685. Pathogenicity experiment of GX01 in 3-day-old and 10-day-old specific-pathogen-free chickens showed that although no mortality was observed within 21 days post infection (dpi), strain GX01 significantly inhibited weight gain of infected chickens. Moreover, FAdV-2 was still detectable in the anal swabs of infected chickens at 21 dpi. Necropsy analysis showed that the main lesions were observed in liver, heart, and spleen. Of note, hepatitis and hydropericardium were observed in the infected chickens. In addition, massive necrosis of lymphocyte was observed in spleen of infected 3-days-old chickens. We concluded that FAdV-2 strain GX01 is capable of causing hepatitis and hydropericardium, which will make serious impact on the growth of chickens. Our research lays a foundation to investigate the molecular epidemiology and etiology of FAdV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimin Xie
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Junqin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minhua Sun
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinghang Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunzhen Huang
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiawen Dong
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linlin Li
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shujian Huang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
- *Correspondence: Shujian Huang
| | - Ming Liao
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Ming Liao
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14
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Niu D, Feng J, Duan B, Shi Q, Li Y, Chen Z, Ma L, Liu H, Wang Y. Epidemiological survey of avian adenovirus in China from 2015 to 2021 and the genetic variability of highly pathogenic Fadv-4 isolates. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 101:105277. [PMID: 35367686 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of poultry adenovirus in China is determined using clinical diagnosis, molecular biological testing, serological testing, and LMH cell virus isolation. These methods can track and test key poultry and waterfowl breeding areas across the country. From 2015 to 2021, 9613 suspected adenovirus samples were collected from 28 provinces. After the first generation of gene sequencing, a total of 2210 hexo gene fragments were obtained. Among them, FAdV-1 type accounted for 7.65%, FAdV-2 type accounted for 5.34%, FAdV-3 type accounted for 2.04%, FAdV-4 type accounted for 38.24%, FAdV-5 type accounted for 2.17%, FAdV-6 type accounted for 0.32%, FAdV-7 type accounted for 0.77%, FAdV-8a type accounted for 10.63%, FAdV-8b type accounted for 11.58%, FAdV-9 type accounted for 0.50%, FAdV-10 type accounted for 8.10%, and FAdV-11 type accounted for 12.67%. A total of 877 FAdV strains were isolated from FAdV suspected samples by seeding LMH cells, and there were 475 FAdV-4 strains among them. A total of 473 isolates were highly pathogenic FAdV-4, and the percentage of amino acid homology with the highly pathogenic FAdV-4 reference strains was >99.1%. Two isolates were non-pathogenic, and the amino acid homology with the ON1 reference strain was >99.6%. Part of the amino acid positions of the hexon gene have mutations, including positions 188, 193, 195, 238, and 240.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengyun Niu
- Tianjin Bohai Joint Institute of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Industry Co., Ltd, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Jingjing Feng
- Tianjin Bohai Joint Institute of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Industry Co., Ltd, Tianjin 300308, China.
| | - Baomin Duan
- Tianjin Bohai Joint Institute of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Industry Co., Ltd, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Qiuying Shi
- Tianjin Bohai Joint Institute of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Industry Co., Ltd, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Ying Li
- Tianjin Bohai Joint Institute of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Industry Co., Ltd, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Tianjin Bohai Joint Institute of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Industry Co., Ltd, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Lifang Ma
- Tianjin Bohai Joint Institute of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Industry Co., Ltd, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Haixia Liu
- Tianjin Ringpu Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yanxiao Wang
- Tianjin Ringpu Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Tianjin 300308, China
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15
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Liu X, Zou X, Zhang W, Guo X, Wang M, Lv Y, Hung T, Lu Z. No Genus-Specific Gene Is Essential for the Replication of Fowl Adenovirus 4 in Chicken LMH Cells. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0047022. [PMID: 35638786 PMCID: PMC9241798 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00470-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential genus-specific genes have not been discovered for fowl adenovirus (FAdV), which hampers the development of FAdV-based vectors and attenuated FAdV vaccines. Reverse genetics approaches were employed to construct FAdV-4 mutants carrying deletions or frameshift mutations covering the whole left and right ends of the viral genome. The results of virus rescue and plaque forming experiments illustrated that all the 22 designated ORFs (open reading frames) were dispensable for the replication of FAdV-4 in chicken hepatoma Leghorn male hepatoma (LMH) cells and primary embryo hepatocytes. RNA-seq data demonstrated that ORF28 and ORF29 were not protein-encoding genes, and suggested a promoter (RP1) and an intron in these regions, respectively. The promoter activity of RP1 was further confirmed by reporter gene expression experiments. GAM-1-deleted FAdV-4 formed small plaques, while deletion of GAM-1 together with ORF22 resulted in even smaller ones in LMH cells. Simultaneous deletion of ORF28, ORF29, and GAM-1 led to growth defect of FAdV-4. These facts implied that genus-specific genes contributed to and synergistically affected viral replication, although no single one was essential. Notably, replication of FAdV-4 mutants could be different in vitro and in vivo. XGAM1-CX19A, a GAM-1-deleted FAdV-4 that replicated efficiently in LMH cells, did not kill chicken embryos because virus propagation took place at a very low level in vivo. This work laid a solid foundation for FAdV-4 vector construction as well as vaccine development, and would benefit viral gene function study. IMPORTANCE Identification of viral essential genes is important for adenoviral vector construction. Deletion of nonessential genes enlarges cloning capacity, deletion of essential genes makes a replication-defective vector, and expression of essential genes in trans generates a virus packaging cell line. However, the genus-specific essential genes in FAdV have not been identified. We constructed adenoviral plasmid carrying deletions covering all 22 genus-specific ORFs of FAdV-4, and found that all virus mutants could be rescued and amplified in chicken LMH cells except those that had defects in key promoter activity. These genus-specific genes affected virus growth, but no single one was indispensable. Dysfunction of several genus-specific genes at the same time could make FAdV-4 vectors replication-defective. In addition, the growth of FAdV-4 mutants could be different in LMH cells and in chicken embryos, suggesting the possibility of constructing attenuated FAdV-4 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglong Liu
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wenfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaojuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yingtao Lv
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Tao Hung
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuozhuang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention–Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Joint Research Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Biosafety, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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16
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Cellular protein HSC70 promotes fowl adenovirus serotype 4 replication in LMH cells via interacting with viral 100K protein. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101941. [PMID: 35679674 PMCID: PMC9189218 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4), the predominant causative agent of hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS), has caused severe economic losses to poultry industry since 2015. Although fiber2 and hexon have been confirmed to be the virulence-related factors, the roles of nonstructural viral proteins in pathogenicity of FAdV-4 remain poorly understood. Here, a tandem mass spectrometry (MS) was used to identify host factors interacted with 100K protein of hypervirulent FAdV-4 isolate (CH/HNJZ/2015), and 2595 cellular proteins associated with many biological processes and pathways were identified according to Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses. Among the proteins, HSC70 was verified to interact with 100K through co-immunoprecipitation assay. Notably, overexpression of HSC70 promoted the replication of FAdV-4 in LMH cells, whereas blocking HSC70 with inhibitor ver-155008 markedly suppressed viral replication. Collectively, these findings suggested that many cellular proteins involved in FAdV-4 infection through interacting with 100K and HSC70 positively regulated virus replication.
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17
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Mase M, Tanaka Y, Iseki H, Watanabe S. Genomic characterization of a fowl adenovirus serotype 4 strain isolated from a chicken with hydropericardium syndrome in Japan. Arch Virol 2022; 167:1191-1195. [PMID: 35182243 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05390-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report the genomic characterization of a fowl adenovirus serotype 4 strain isolated from a chicken with hydropericardium syndrome in Japan. The viral genome of FAdV-4 strain JP/LVP-1/96 was found to be 45,688 bp long. Amino acid substitutions at position 219 (G to D) in the fiber-2 protein and at position 188 (I to R) in the hexon protein, which are commonly found in virulent FAdV-4 strains, were also found in the JP/LVP-1/96 strain. Additional specific amino acid substitutions commonly found in virulent FAdV-4 strains were found in ORFs 4 and 43, which are present only in members of the species Fowl adenovirus C. Phylogenetic analysis based on complete hexon protein gene sequences showed that strain JP/LVP-1/96 belongs to a different genetic cluster from the strains circulating in neighboring countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaji Mase
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan. .,United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan. .,Division of Zoonosis Research, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan.
| | - Yuko Tanaka
- Kyoto Prefectural Chutan Livestock Hygiene Center, 371-2 Handa Fukuchiyama, Kyoto, 602-8570, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Iseki
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan
| | - Satoko Watanabe
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan
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18
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High Phenotypic Variation between an In Vitro-Passaged Fowl Adenovirus Serotype 1 (FAdV-1) and Its Virulent Progenitor Strain despite Almost Complete Sequence Identity of the Whole Genomes. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020358. [PMID: 35215948 PMCID: PMC8880033 DOI: 10.3390/v14020358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenoviral gizzard erosion is an emerging disease with negative impact on health and production of chickens. In this study, we compared in vitro and in vivo characteristics of a fowl adenovirus serotype 1 (FAdV-1), attenuated by 53 consecutive passages in primary chicken embryo liver (CEL) cell cultures (11/7127-AT), with the virulent strain (11/7127-VT). Whole genome analysis revealed near-complete sequence identity between the strains. However, a length polymorphism in a non-coding adenine repeat sequence (11/7127-AT: 11 instead of 9) immediately downstream of the hexon open reading frame was revealed. One-step growth kinetics showed delayed multiplication of 11/7127-AT together with significantly lower titers in cell culture (up to 4 log10 difference), indicating reduced replication efficiency in vitro. In vivo pathogenicity and immunogenicity were determined in day-old specific pathogen-free layer chicks inoculated orally with the respective viruses. In contrast to birds infected with 11/7127-VT, birds infected with 11/7127-AT did not exhibit body weight loss or severe pathological lesions in the gizzard. Virus detection rates, viral load in organs and virus excretion were significantly lower in birds inoculated with 11/7127-AT. Throughout the experimental period, these birds did not develop measurable neutralizing antibodies, prevalent in birds in response to 11/7127-VT infection. Differences in pathogenicity between the virulent FAdV-1 and the attenuated strain could not be correlated to prominently discriminate genomic features. We conclude that differential in vitro growth profiles indicate that attenuation is linked to modulation of viral replication during interaction of the virus with the host cells. Thus, hosts would be unable to prevent the rapid replication of virulent FAdV leading to severe tissue damage, a phenomenon broadly applicable to further FAdV serotypes, considering the substantial intra-serotype virulence differences of FAdVs and the variation of diseases.
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19
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De Luca C, Schachner A, Heidl S, Hess M. Vaccination with a fowl adenovirus chimeric fiber protein (crecFib-4/11) simultaneously protects chickens against hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS) and inclusion body hepatitis (IBH). Vaccine 2022; 40:1837-1845. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Species Fowl aviadenovirus B Consists of a Single Serotype despite Genetic Distance of FAdV-5 Isolates. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020248. [PMID: 35215844 PMCID: PMC8880664 DOI: 10.3390/v14020248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs) are infectious agents, mainly of chickens, which cause economic losses to the poultry industry. Only a single serotype, namely FAdV-5, constitutes the species Fowl aviadenovirus B (FAdV-B); however, recently, phylogenetic analyses have identified divergent strains of the species, implicating a more complex scenario and possibly a novel serotype. Therefore, field isolates of the species were collected to investigate the contemporary diversification within FAdV-B, including traditional serotyping. Full genomes of fourteen FAdV-B strains were sequenced and four strains, possessing discriminatory mutations in the antigenic domains, were compared using virus cross-neutralization. Essentially, strains with identical antigenic signatures to that of the first described divergent strain were found in the complete new dataset. While chicken antiserum against FAdV-5 reference strain 340 could not neutralize any of the newly isolated viruses, low homologous/heterologous titer ratios were measured reciprocally. Although they argue against a new serotype, our results indicate the emergence of escape variants in FAdV-B. Charge-influencing amino acid substitutions accounted for only a few mutations between the strains; still, these enabled one-way cross-neutralization only. These findings underline the continued merit of the cross-neutralization test as the gold standard for serotyping, complementary to advancing sequence data, and provide a snapshot of the actual diversity and evolution of species FAdV-B.
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21
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Recombinantly Expressed Chimeric Fibers Demonstrate Discrete Type-Specific Neutralizing Epitopes in the Fowl Aviadenovirus E (FAdV-E) Fiber, Promoting the Optimization of FAdV Fiber Subunit Vaccines towards Cross-Protection in vivo. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0212321. [PMID: 35044206 PMCID: PMC8768839 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02123-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines against inclusion body hepatitis in chickens are complicated by the involvement of antigenically diverse fowl adenovirus types. Though immunization with fiber protein confers robust protection, type specificity of fiber antibodies is an obstacle for the desired broad coverage. In this study, we utilized information on multiple linear epitopes predicted in the Fowl Aviadenovirus E (FAdV-E) fiber head (knob) to develop chimeric fibers with an exchange between two serotypes’ sequences, each containing proposed epitopes. Two consecutive segments pertaining to amino acid positions 1 to 441 and 442 to 525/523 in the fibers of FAdV-8a and -8b, types of Fowl Aviadenovirus E that cause inclusion body hepatitis, were swapped reciprocally to result in novel chimeras, crecFib-8a/8b and crecFib-8b/8a. crecFib was indistinguishable from monospecific recombinant fibers in its eactivity with different FAdV antisera in Western blotting. However, contrary to the results for monospecific fibers, crecFib induced cross-neutralizing antibodies against both serotypes in chickens. This demonstrates three nonidentical epitopes in the FAdV-E fiber, the conserved epitope detected in Western blotting and at least two epitopes participating in neutralization, being type specific and located opposite residue position 441-442. Furthermore, we supply conformational evidence for a site in the fiber knob with accessibility critical for neutralization. With such an extended neutralization spectrum compared to those of individual fibers, crecFib was anticipated to fulfill and even extend the mechanistic basis of fiber-mediated protection toward bivalent coverage. Accordingly, crecFib, administered as a single-antigen component, protected chickens simultaneously against challenge with FAdV-8a or -8b, demonstrated by up-to-complete resistance to clinical disease, prevention of target organ-related changes, and significant reduction of viral load. IMPORTANCE The control of inclusion body hepatitis, a disease of economic importance for chicken production worldwide, is complicated by an etiology involving multiple divergent fowl adenovirus types. The fiber protein is principally efficacious in inducing neutralizing and protective antibodies in vaccinated chickens; however, it faces limitations due to its intrinsic type specificity for neutralization. In this study, based on an in silico-guided prediction of multiple epitopes in the fowl adenovirus fiber head’s loops, we designed chimeric proteins, swapping N- and C-distal fiber portions, each containing putative epitopes, between divergent types FAdV-8a and -8b. In in vitro and in vivo studies, the chimeric fiber displayed extended properties compared to those of individual monotype-specific fibers, allowing the number, distribution, functionality, and conformational bearings of epitopes of the fowl adenovirus fiber to be characterized in more detail. Importantly, the chimeric fiber induced cross-neutralizing antibodies and protective responses in chickens against infections by both serotypes, promoting the advancement of broadly protective subunit vaccination strategies against FAdV.
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22
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Adel A, Mohamed AAE, Samir M, Hagag NM, Erfan A, Said M, Arafa AES, Hassan WMM, El Zowalaty ME, Shahien MA. Epidemiological and molecular analysis of circulating fowl adenoviruses and emerging of serotypes 1, 3, and 8b in Egypt. Heliyon 2022; 7:e08366. [PMID: 34977398 PMCID: PMC8683735 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs) are a large group of viruses of different serotypes. They are responsible for inclusion body hepatitis, adenoviral gizzard erosion, and hepatitis hydropericardium syndrome. The present study presents a comprehensive overview of FAdVs in Egypt, with a focus on the epidemiological features of virus serotypes across the country. We conducted molecular investigation of multiple FAdV species based on the genetic signature of hypervariable regions 1–4 in the loop1 (L1) region of the hexon gene. Epidemiologically, the Nile Delta governorates showed high positivity of FAdVs, which were more commonly found in broilers than in layers. Genetically, species D and serotype 8a/E dominated, and the findings also revealed the emergence of new FAdV serotypes 1, 3, and 8b. The comparative analysis of hypervariable regions in the L1 region of the hexon gene revealed variables specific to each virus serotype. In silico predictions of L1 region revealed variations in the molecular structure and predicted the antigenic epitopes which may affect the cross-antigenicity between the different FAdV species and serotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany Adel
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abd Elhalem Mohamed
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Samir
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Naglaa M Hagag
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Erfan
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Said
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Abd El Satar Arafa
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Wafaa M M Hassan
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E El Zowalaty
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE 75 123, Sweden
| | - Momtaz A Shahien
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
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23
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Complete Genome Sequence of a Fowl Adenovirus D Strain Isolated from Chickens with Inclusion Body Hepatitis in Japan. Microbiol Resour Announc 2021; 10:e0094021. [PMID: 34792382 PMCID: PMC8601138 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00940-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the complete genome sequence of fowl adenovirus D (FAdV-D) strain JP/Tokushima/2010IBH, which was isolated from chickens with inclusion body hepatitis in Japan. This FAdV-D isolate was genetically highly similar to recent isolates from China, suggesting a common origin.
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24
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Mo J. Historical Investigation of Fowl Adenovirus Outbreaks in South Korea from 2007 to 2021: A Comprehensive Review. Viruses 2021; 13:2256. [PMID: 34835062 PMCID: PMC8621494 DOI: 10.3390/v13112256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs) have long been recognized as critical viral pathogens within the poultry industry, associated with severe economic implications worldwide. This specific group of viruses is responsible for a broad spectrum of diseases in birds, and an increasing occurrence of outbreaks was observed in the last ten years. Since their first discovery forty years ago in South Korea, twelve antigenically distinct serotypes of fowl adenoviruses have been described. This comprehensive review covers the history of fowl adenovirus outbreaks in South Korea and updates the current epidemiological landscape of serotype diversity and replacement as well as challenges in developing effective broadly protective vaccines. In addition, transitions in the prevalence of dominant fowl adenovirus serotypes from 2007 to 2021, alongside the history of intervention strategies, are brought into focus. Finally, future aspects are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongseo Mo
- US National Poultry Research Center, Exotic & Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 934 College Station Rd., Athens, GA 30605, USA
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25
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The fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) induce cellular pathway in chickens to produce interferon and antigen-presented molecules (MHCI/II). Poult Sci 2021; 100:101406. [PMID: 34428643 PMCID: PMC8385439 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
FAdV-4 is the major strain of adenovirus that responsible for hydro-pericardial syndrome (HPS) in poultry. In this study, the virus's specific gene fragments were isolated from clinically suspected cases and amplified by PCR. Finally, after a viral infection to investigate the immune response of the host, the gene expression of MHC (major histo-compatible) molecules (MHCIα, MHCIIβ), Ii (Invariant Chain) gene, inflammatory cytokines (IFN-β, IFN-γ, and IL-1β), and transcription factors (MDA5, STING, IRF7, and NF-kB) were detected by real-time PCR (fluorescence technology). The results of sequence comparison showed that the clinically isolated virus was 100% homologous to a virulent strain of avian adenovirus group C serotype 4 (FAdV-4), which were named AH-FAdV-4. The TCID50 and pathogenicity of the virus were determined that was 106.52/0.1 mL with a mortality rate of 100% in chickens and 0% in ducks. Furthermore, results showed that the expression level of MHCIα, MHCIIβ, and Ii genes in chicken embryo kidney cells significantly (P < 0.01) upregulated (increased) after infection, which was 43, 5.2, and 2.5 times higher than the control group. With the addition of PDTC, an inhibitor of NF-kB, then the expression level of MHCIα, MHCIIβ, and Ii was decreased significantly (P < 0.01) than the control group. The transcription levels of these genes were decreased 0.64, 0.27, and 0.26 respectively. Simultaneously, the expression levels of IFN-β, IFN-γ, and IL-1β were also significantly (P < 0.01) up-regulated (increased) 7.8, 22.7, and 5 times higher than the control group. It was found that up-regulation of STING and NF-κB pathways are directly involved in the regulation of inflammatory cytokines (IFN-β, IFN-γ, and IL-1β), MHC molecules (MHCIα, MHCIIβ), and Ii gene. The results also showed that the gene regulation pathways consecutively increased the expression levels of MDA5, STING, IRF7, and NF-kB. It is conducted that the expression levels of cytokines, MHC molecules, and li gene were increased by STING and NF-kB pathways.
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26
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Mase M, Hiramatsu K, Nishijima N, Iguchi H, Honda S, Hanyu S, Iseki H, Watanabe S. Fowl Adenoviruses Type 8b Isolated from Chickens with Inclusion Body Hepatitis in Japan. Avian Dis 2021; 64:330-334. [PMID: 33205180 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-20-00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Fowl adenovirus (FAdV) type 8b isolated from chickens with inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) in Japan from 2018 to 2019 were characterized serologically and genetically. Serologically, all isolates were well neutralized by antisera against the FAdV-8b strain, but they were not neutralized by antisera against the FAdV-8a strain. Phylogenetic analysis of the part of the hexon protein gene that includes the L1 region revealed that these isolates were all identical. They were also identical to foreign strains such as the SD1356 strain isolated in China and belonged to FAdV-8b. Furthermore, the 2018-19 Japanese IBH 8b isolates were genetically identical to the SD1356 strain by phylogenetic analysis of fiber genes, but they were different from previous Japanese 8b strains. These findings suggest that the 2018-19 Japanese IBH isolates might have been introduced from other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaji Mase
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan.,United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kanae Hiramatsu
- Oita Livestock Hygiene Service Center of Oita Prefecture, 442 Onozuru, Oita, Oita 870-1153, Japan
| | - Noriko Nishijima
- Seibu Livestock Hygiene Service Center of Shizuoka Prefecture, 392 Nakagori, Higashiku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3111, Japan
| | - Haruka Iguchi
- Tokushima Livestock Hygiene Service Center of Tokushima Prefecture, 5-94, Minamisyoumachi, Tokushima 770-0045, Japan
| | - Sachiko Honda
- Chuo Livestock Hygiene Service Center of Kumamoto Prefecture, 1666-1 shizume Jonanmachi, Kumamoto, Kumamoto 861-4215, Japan
| | - Sachiko Hanyu
- Chuo Livestock Hygiene Service Center of Niigata Prefecture, 686 Hataya, Nishikan, Niigata, Niigata 959-0423, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Iseki
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
| | - Satoko Watanabe
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
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27
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Kiss I, Homonnay ZG, Mató T, Bányai K, Palya V. Research Note: An overview on distribution of fowl adenoviruses. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101052. [PMID: 33773159 PMCID: PMC8025051 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fowl adenoviruses (FAdV), detected during routine diagnostic investigations from 38 countries (5 continents) over a decade, were partially sequenced and grouped by phylogenetic analysis. The partial polymerase gene nucleotide sequences of the 365 fowl adenovirus isolates resulted in the following species distribution: 11% FAdV-A; 3% FAdV-B; 2% FAdV-C; 34% FAdV-D; and 50% FAdV-E. Noticeably, only 79 of the detected strains could be associated with adenovirus-specific pathologic conditions: 62 (79%) with inclusion body hepatitis; 9 (11%) with gizzard erosion; and 8 (10%) with hepatitis hydropericardium syndrome. The remainder of the FAdV strains was detected as concomitant infection from other disease conditions almost exclusively in boilers of 27 to 42 d of age: the majority of them was FAdV-E followed by FAdV-D, and to a lesser extent of FAdV-A, B, and C, the latter ones have not been associated with any of the established adenovirus-caused syndromes in our collection. The highest ratio of coinfections was observed for FAdV-B (62%), while it was about 30% for the rest of the FAdV species. The most frequent coinfection, in connection with all FAdV species, was with the avian infectious bronchitis virus. The presented database will serve as the basis for comparative whole genome and cross-neutralization analysis of selected FAdV isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kiss
- Scientific Support and Investigation Unit, Ceva-Phylaxia Ltd., H-1107 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Z G Homonnay
- Scientific Support and Investigation Unit, Ceva-Phylaxia Ltd., H-1107 Budapest, Hungary
| | - T Mató
- Scientific Support and Investigation Unit, Ceva-Phylaxia Ltd., H-1107 Budapest, Hungary
| | - K Bányai
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary
| | - V Palya
- Scientific Support and Investigation Unit, Ceva-Phylaxia Ltd., H-1107 Budapest, Hungary
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28
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Homonnay Z, Jakab S, Bali K, Kaszab E, Mató T, Kiss I, Palya V, Bányai K. Genome sequencing of a novel variant of fowl adenovirus B reveals mosaicism in the pattern of homologous recombination events. Arch Virol 2021; 166:1477-1480. [PMID: 33616725 PMCID: PMC7897897 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-04972-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We determined the genomic sequence of a Ukrainian strain of fowl adenovirus B (FAdV-B). The isolate (D2453/1) shared 97.2% to 98.4% nucleotide sequence identity with other viruses belonging to the species Fowl aviadenovirus B. Marked genetic divergence was seen in the hexon, fiber, and ORF19 genes, and phylogenetic analysis suggested that recombination events had occurred in these regions. Our analysis revealed mosaicism in the recombination patterns, a finding that has also been described in the genomes of strains of FAdV-D and FAdV-E. The shared recombination breakpoints, affecting the same genomic regions in viruses belonging to different species, suggest that similar selection mechanisms are acting on the key neutralization antigens and epitopes in viruses of different FAdV species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zalán Homonnay
- Scientific Support and Investigation Unit, Ceva-Phylaxia, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Jakab
- Centre for Agricultural Research, Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Hungaria krt. 21, Budapest, 1143, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Bali
- Centre for Agricultural Research, Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Hungaria krt. 21, Budapest, 1143, Hungary
| | - Eszter Kaszab
- Centre for Agricultural Research, Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Hungaria krt. 21, Budapest, 1143, Hungary
| | - Tamás Mató
- Scientific Support and Investigation Unit, Ceva-Phylaxia, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Kiss
- Scientific Support and Investigation Unit, Ceva-Phylaxia, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Vilmos Palya
- Scientific Support and Investigation Unit, Ceva-Phylaxia, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Bányai
- Centre for Agricultural Research, Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Hungaria krt. 21, Budapest, 1143, Hungary.
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Lai VD, Min K, Lai HTL, Mo J. Epidemiology of fowl adenovirus (FAdV) infections in South Korean chickens during 2013-2019 following introduction of FAdV-4 vaccines. Avian Pathol 2021; 50:182-189. [PMID: 33410705 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2021.1872766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Fowl adenoviruses (FAdV) are important infectious pathogens responsible for causing substantial economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. One hundred and forty-six FAdV strains were continuously collected and analysed from 2013 to 2019 to understand the epidemiological change and nature of the virus in South Korea from two different standpoints, before and after the release of multiple commercial FAdV-4 vaccines. Phylogenetic analysis of the hexon loop-1 gene sequences showed that 92 strains belonged to FAdV-C (63%), 35 strains to FAdV-E (24%), 18 strains to FAdV-D (12.3%), and one strain to FAdV-A (0.7%), respectively. We provide evidence that the dominant FAdV serotype has recently changed from FAdV-4 to FAdV-8b, as reflected in the proportion of each serotype in field cases in 2019 (18.5% and 77.8%, respectively). The newly emerged FAdV-8b cluster was significantly noticeable compared to the old FAdV clusters, indicating that the development of a vaccine for FAdV-8b may be necessary. Overall, this new insight into FAdV prevalence provides a foundation for strategic control and the development of efficient vaccines against FAdV cases in chickens in South Korea.RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS The dominant FAdV serotype in South Korea shifted from FAdV-4 to FAdV-8b in 2013-2019.A new cluster of FAdV-8b has emerged in South Korea, indicating the development of new vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Huong Thi Lan Lai
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Vietnam
| | - Jongseo Mo
- Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, US National Poultry Research Center, Athens, GA, USA
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A 24-Year-Old Sample Contributes the Complete Genome Sequence of Fowl Aviadenovirus D from the United States. Microbiol Resour Announc 2021; 10:10/1/e01211-20. [PMID: 33414334 PMCID: PMC8407710 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01211-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report the complete genome sequence of fowl aviadenovirus D (FAdV-D) isolated from a preserved 24-year-old pancreas sample of a broiler chicken embryo. The results of the sequence showed that the viral genome is 44,079 bp long.
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De Luca C, Schachner A, Mitra T, Heidl S, Liebhart D, Hess M. Fowl adenovirus (FAdV) fiber-based vaccine against inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) provides type-specific protection guided by humoral immunity and regulation of B and T cell response. Vet Res 2020; 51:143. [PMID: 33267862 PMCID: PMC7709361 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-020-00869-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A recombinant fowl adenovirus (FAdV) fiber protein, derived from a FAdV-8a strain, was tested for its efficacy to protect chickens against inclusion body hepatitis (IBH). FAdV-E field isolates belonging to both a homotypic (FAdV-8a) and heterotypic (-8b) serotype were used as challenge. Mechanisms underlying fiber-induced protective immunity were investigated by fiber-based ELISA, virus neutralization assays and flow cytometry of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, monitoring the temporal developments of humoral and cellular responses after vaccination and challenge exposure. Birds were clinically protected from the homologous challenge and showed a significant reduction of viral load in investigated target organs, whereas fiber-based immunity failed to counteract the heterologous serotype infection. These findings were supported in vitro by the strictly type-specific neutralizing activity of fiber immune sera. In protected birds, fiber vaccination prevented a post-challenge drop of peripheral B cells in blood. Furthermore, fiber immunization stimulated CD4+ T lymphocyte proliferation while moderating the CD8α+ T cell response and prevented challenge-induced changes in systemic monocytes/macrophages and γδ+ T cell subpopulations. Both vaccinated and adjuvant-only injected birds experienced a priming of systemic B cells and TCRγδ+ T lymphocytes, which masked possible pre-challenge effects due to the antigen. In conclusion, within FAdV-E, recombinant fiber represents a vaccine candidate to control the adverse effects of homotypic infection by eliciting an effective humoral immunity and regulating B and T cell response, whereas the failure of heterotypic protection suggests a primordial role of humoral immunity for this vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta De Luca
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Poultry Vaccines (IPOV), University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Schachner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Poultry Vaccines (IPOV), University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Taniya Mitra
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah Heidl
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Poultry Vaccines (IPOV), University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dieter Liebhart
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Hess
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Poultry Vaccines (IPOV), University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria. .,Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
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32
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Park DH, Lee HC, Youn HN, Ju HS, Kim KJ, Go SH, Lee DY, Lee JB, Lee SW, Song CS. Genetic Characterization and Pathogenicity Analysis of Recently Isolated Fowl Adenovirus 8b in Korea. Avian Dis 2020; 65:122-131. [PMID: 34339131 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-20-00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A Korean field strain of fowl adenovirus (FAdV) 8b was isolated from chickens showing high mortality. Isolated FAdV-8b strains with the hexon and fiber genes were genetically analyzed. The Korean FAdV-8b (K194/19) strain isolated in 2019 showed higher sequence identity with the FAdV-8b strain isolated in China but lower sequence identity with the Korean FAdV-8b (K187/08) strain isolated in 2008. The K194/19 strain formed a distinct subcluster within the FAdV-8b cluster in a phylogenetic tree based on hexon and fiber genes. FAdV can infect day-old chicks through vertical transmission, and so blood samples were obtained from 54-, 60-, and 63-wk-old parent chickens. FAdV-specific antibody levels were investigated with ELISA and virus neutralization (VN) tests with the K194/19 and K187/08 strains as antigens. In VN tests, all sera neutralized the K187/08 strain. However, the K194/19 strain was neutralized by sera collected from 60- and 63-wk-old chickens but not sera obtained from 54-wk-old chickens, indicating natural infection. Finally, to determine the pathogenicity of the K194/19 strain, 1-day-old and 4-wk-old specific-pathogen-free birds were infected with the K194/19 and K187/08 strains. No significant difference in pathogenicity was observed between the two strains. Although the K194/19 strain showed similar pathogenicity with the K187/08 strain, differences in nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the hexon and fiber genes may determine the evasion ability of the K187/08 neutralizing antibody, indicating the need for development of a novel FAdV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dam-Hee Park
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk-Chae Lee
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Na Youn
- KCAV Co., Ltd., Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Sun Ju
- KCAV Co., Ltd., Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Jik Kim
- KCAV Co., Ltd., Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Da-Ye Lee
- KCAV Co., Ltd., Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Bok Lee
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Won Lee
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Seon Song
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea, .,KCAV Co., Ltd., Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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Niczyporuk JS, Kozdrun W, Czekaj H, Piekarska K, Stys-Fijoł N. Isolation and molecular characterization of Fowl adenovirus strains in Black grouse: First reported case in Poland. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234532. [PMID: 32991587 PMCID: PMC7523988 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This article describes the isolation, molecular characterization, and genotyping of two fowl adenovirus (FAdVs) strains with GenBank Accession numbers (MT478054, JSN-G033-18-L and MT478055, JSN-G033-18-B) obtained from the internal organs of black grouse (Lyrurus tetrix). This study also reveals the first confirmation of fowl adenovirus in Poland, supporting one of the hypotheses about the probability of fowl adenovirus interspecies transmission. The adenovirus strain sequences were investigated via phylogenetic analysis and were found to have an overall mean pairwise distance of 2.189. The heterogeneity, Relative Synonymous Codon Usage (RSCU), codon composition, and nucleotide frequencies were examined. Statistical analyses and Tajima’s test for the examined sequences were carried out. The Maximum Likelihood for the examined sequences substitutions was performed. The results of the sequence analysis identified MT478054, JSN-G033-18-L and MT478055, JSN-G033-18-B as strains of fowl adenovirus 2/11/D, with the Fowl adenovirus D complete sequence showing a 93% match. Wild birds may act as a natural reservoir for FAdVs and likely play an important role in the spreading of these viruses in the environment. The findings reported here suggest horizontal transmission within and between avian species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wojciech Kozdrun
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland
| | - Hanna Czekaj
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland
| | - Karolina Piekarska
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland
| | - Natalia Stys-Fijoł
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland
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Schachner A, Grafl B, Hess M. Spotlight on avian pathology: fowl adenovirus (FAdV) in chickens and beyond - an unresolved host-pathogen interplay. Avian Pathol 2020; 50:2-5. [PMID: 32795192 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2020.1810629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fowl adenovirus (FAdV) infections in chickens have undergone substantial changes in recent decades, driven by host and pathogen factors. Based on the pathogenesis of inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) and hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS), modern broilers are much more inclined to have difficulties keeping the metabolic homeostasis, whereas adenoviral gizzard erosion (AGE) is noticed equally in broilers and egg-layers. Defining the importance of certain serotypes for specific FAdV diseases is a major achievement of recent years but the isolation of viruses from clinically healthy birds remains unexplained, as virulence factors are hardly known and continue to be a "black box". Together with further studies on pathogenesis of FAdV-induced diseases, such knowledge on virulence factors would help to improve protection strategies, which presently mainly concentrate on autogenous vaccines of breeders to prevent vertical transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Schachner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Poultry Vaccines, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
| | - Beatrice Grafl
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Hess
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Poultry Vaccines, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria.,Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
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The first complete genome sequence and pathogenicity characterization of fowl adenovirus 11 from chickens with inclusion body hepatitis in Pakistan. Vet Microbiol 2020; 244:108670. [PMID: 32402334 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inclusion body hepatitis (IBH), hydropericardium syndrome, and gizzard erosion associated with fowl adenovirus (FAdV) infections are reported globally and resulted in significant poultry industry economic losses. In 2018, severe IBH appeared in Pakistan in a 17-week-old layer flock. Subsequently, a FAdV-11 strain (designated as PKFAd18) was isolated from liver samples and identified based on phylogenetic analyses of the serotype-specific L1 region of the capsid hexon gene. There is no complete genome sequence of the Pakistani FAdV-11. This study successfully sequenced the complete genome of PKFAd18. The full genome of PKFAd18 contains 43 840 base pairs (bp) with a G + C content of 53.9 %, which is comparable to other FAdV serotypes. Similar to other FAdV-11 strains, PKFAd18 has only one fiber, while FAdV-1 and FAdV-4 have two fibers. Notably, PKFAd18 showed unique characteristics compared to other FAdV-11 strains. A natural large genomic deletion (1215 bp) appeared in tandem repeat region two, relative to the ON-NP2 strain. Phylogenetic analyses of the PKFAd18 penton gene showed higher homology with FAdV-9, highlighting potential natural recombination between FAdV-11 and FAdV-9. Moreover, the pathogenicity of PKFAd18 studied in specific-pathogen-free chickens showed that PKFAd18 is capable of inducing severe IBH and could be responsible for IBH in Pakistan. Thus, the first complete genome of FAdV-11 in Pakistan was sequenced in this study, which enriches the diversity of knowledge about FAdV-11 and is useful for developing diagnostics and vaccines for IBH induced by FAdV-11 in Pakistan.
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