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Bajpai D, Bose S, Saxena N, Kulkarni B, Kumar K, Rao N, Thakare S, Torane V, Nataraj G, Jamale T. Antibody response to non-mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in kidney transplant recipients. Vaccine 2024:126206. [PMID: 39122634 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) show poor antibody response to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. There is limited data on immune response to non-mRNA vaccines in KTRs. We studied the antibody response to the SARS-CoV-2 non-mRNA vaccine in a cohort of kidney transplant recipients. METHODS We included KTRs following up in the tertiary care transplant outpatient clinic from February to April 2022. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein IgG antibody titers were measured using chemiluminescence immunoassay. Data on demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics were collected, and patients were characterized by the history of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in the past and the number of vaccine doses received. Predictors of antibody response were obtained using multivariate regression analysis. RESULTS S1/S2 IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were detected in 197 (87.94%) of 224 KTRs with a median [IQR] titers of 307.5 AU/ml [91 AU/ml - 400 AU/ml]. Neutralizing range antibody titers were found in 170/224 (75.9%) KTRs. Diabetes at the time of vaccination was associated with poorer antibody response (aOR 0.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] - 0.10, 0.90; p = 0.032) and vaccination with Covishield™ (ChAdOx1 nCoV- 19 Recombinant CoronaVirus Vaccine) showed higher antibody response as compared to Covaxin™ (BBV152) (aOR 5.04, 95% CI - 1.56, 16.22; p = 0.007). Graft dysfunction at baseline was associated with poorer antibody response. CONCLUSIONS KTRs showed good antibody response after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination with non-mRNA vaccines. Diabetes and graft dysfunction were associated with poor seroconversion rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Bajpai
- Department of Nephrology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Sreyashi Bose
- Department of Nephrology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Nikhil Saxena
- Department of Nephrology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Bhagyashree Kulkarni
- Department of Nephrology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Kruteesh Kumar
- Department of Nephrology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Nikhil Rao
- Department of Nephrology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Sayali Thakare
- Department of Nephrology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Vijaya Torane
- Department of Nephrology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Gita Nataraj
- Department of Nephrology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Tukaram Jamale
- Department of Nephrology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India.
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Khorramnia S, Navidi Z, Orandi A, Iravani MM, Orandi A, Malekabad ES, Moghadam SHP. Tixagevimab/cilgavimab prophylaxis against COVID-19 in solid organ transplant recipients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. CLINICAL TRANSPLANTATION AND RESEARCH 2024; 38:136-144. [PMID: 38904088 PMCID: PMC11228381 DOI: 10.4285/ctr.24.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Background Tixagevimab/cilgavimab (Tix/Cil) shows promise as a prophylactic treatment against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs). This study was performed to assess the effectiveness of Tix/Cil for preexposure prophylaxis against COVID-19 in this population. Methods We systematically searched the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed, and Embase databases to identify articles relevant to our study up to December 15, 2023. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (ver. 3.0) was used for data analysis. Results The meta-analysis included seven eligible retrospective studies, encompassing a total of 4,026 SOTRs. The analysis revealed significant differences in SOTRs who received Tix/Cil preexposure prophylaxis relative to those who did not. Specifically, these differences were observed in the incidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (odds ratio [OR], 0.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15-0.60), hospitalization (OR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.08-0.70), and intensive care unit admission (OR, 0.07; 95% CI, 0.02-0.22). However, mortality rate did not differ significantly between the two groups (P=0.06). Conclusions The evidence supporting the effectiveness of Tix/Cil as preexposure prophylaxis against SARS-CoV-2 in SOTRs is of a low to moderate level. Further high-quality research is necessary to understand its effects on this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Khorramnia
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Zia Navidi
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Orandi
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojgan Mohajeri Iravani
- Department of Anesthesiology, Paramedical Faculty, Hajar Hospital, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirali Orandi
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zona EE, Gibes ML, Jain AS, Danobeitia JS, Garonzik-Wang J, Smith JA, Mandelbrot DA, Parajuli S. Sequelae of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection among Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Large Single-Center Experience. Crit Care Res Pract 2024; 2024:7140548. [PMID: 38725586 PMCID: PMC11081755 DOI: 10.1155/2024/7140548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) are a vulnerable immunocompromised population at risk of severe COVID-19 disease and mortality after SARS-CoV-2 infection. We sought to characterize the post-infection sequelae in KTRs at our center. Methods We studied all adult KTRs (with a functioning allograft) who had their first episode of SARS-CoV-2 infection between 04/2020 and 04/2022. Outcomes of interest included risk factors for hospitalization, all-cause mortality, COVID-19-related mortality, and allograft failure. Results Of 979 KTRs with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 381 (39%) were hospitalized. In the multivariate analysis, risk factors for hospitalization included advanced age/year (HR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.02-1.04), male sex (HR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.04-1.60), non-white race (HR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.17-1.88), and diabetes as a cause of ESKD (HR: 1.77, 95% CI: 1.41-2.21). SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination was associated with decreased risk of hospitalization (HR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.59-0.90), all-cause mortality (HR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.37-0.74), and COVID-19-related mortality (HR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.31-0.71) in the univariate and multivariate analyses. Risk factors for both all-cause and COVID-19-related mortality in the multivariate analyses included advanced age, hospitalization, and respiratory symptoms for hospital admission. Furthermore, additional risk factors for all-cause mortality in the multivariate analysis included being a non-white recipient and diabetes as a cause of ESKD, with being a recipient of a living donor as protective. Conclusions Hospitalization due to COVID-19-associated symptoms is associated with increased mortality. Vaccination is a protective factor against hospitalization and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E. Zona
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mina L. Gibes
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Asha S. Jain
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Juan S. Danobeitia
- Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jacqueline Garonzik-Wang
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jeannina A. Smith
- Department of Infectious Disease, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Didier A. Mandelbrot
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sandesh Parajuli
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Health, Madison, WI, USA
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4
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Messchendorp AL, Sanders JSF, Abrahams AC, Bemelman FJ, Bouwmans P, van den Dorpel RMA, Hilbrands LB, Imhof C, Reinders MEJ, Rispens T, Steenhuis M, ten Dam MAGJ, Vart P, de Vries APJ, Hemmelder MH, Gansevoort RT. Incidence and Severity of COVID-19 in Relation to Anti-Receptor-Binding Domain IgG Antibody Level after COVID-19 Vaccination in Kidney Transplant Recipients. Viruses 2024; 16:114. [PMID: 38257814 PMCID: PMC10820724 DOI: 10.3390/v16010114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) elicit an impaired immune response after COVID-19 vaccination; however, the exact clinical impact remains unclear. We therefore analyse the relationship between antibody levels after vaccination and the risk of COVID-19 in a large cohort of KTRs. All KTRs living in the Netherlands were invited to send a blood sample 28 days after their second COVID-19 vaccination for measurement of their IgG antibodies against the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (anti-RBD IgG). Information on COVID-19 was collected from the moment the blood sample was obtained until 6 months thereafter. Multivariable Cox and logistic regression analyses were performed to analyse which factors affected the occurrence and severity (i.e., hospitalization and/or death) of COVID-19. In total, 12,159 KTRs were approached, of whom 2885 were included in the analyses. Among those, 1578 (54.7%) became seropositive (i.e., anti-RBD IgG level >50 BAU/mL). Seropositivity was associated with a lower risk for COVID-19, also after adjusting for multiple confounders, including socio-economic status and adherence to COVID-19 restrictions (HR 0.37 (0.19-0.47), p = 0.005). When studied on a continuous scale, we observed a log-linear relationship between antibody level and the risk for COVID-19 (HR 0.52 (0.31-0.89), p = 0.02). Similar results were found for COVID-19 severity. In conclusion, antibody level after COVID-19 vaccination is associated in a log-linear manner with the occurrence and severity of COVID-19 in KTRs. This implies that if future vaccinations are indicated, the aim should be to reach for as high an antibody level as possible and not only seropositivity to protect this vulnerable patient group from disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Lianne Messchendorp
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Stephan F. Sanders
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alferso C. Abrahams
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frederike J. Bemelman
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location Amsterdam Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pim Bouwmans
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Disease, University of Maastricht, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Luuk B. Hilbrands
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Céline Imhof
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marlies E. J. Reinders
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theo Rispens
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, 1006 AD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maurice Steenhuis
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, 1006 AD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marc A. G. J. ten Dam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, 6532 SZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Priya Vart
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aiko P. J. de Vries
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Nephrology and Leiden Transplant Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marc H. Hemmelder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ron T. Gansevoort
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
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Amani B, Shabestan R, Rajabkhah K, Amani B. Sotrovimab in solid organ transplant recipients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. KOREAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION 2023; 37:277-285. [PMID: 37916433 PMCID: PMC10772269 DOI: 10.4285/kjt.23.0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite widespread implementation of vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) can remain particularly vulnerable to this disease. The present study was conducted to investigate the efficacy and safety of sotrovimab in the treatment of SOTRs with COVID-19. Methods A search was performed of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, medRxiv, and Google Scholar to gather relevant evidence through July 25, 2023. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the risk of bias tool. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (ver. 3.0, Biostat) was employed for data analysis. Results Ten studies, involving a total of 1,569 patients, were included. The meta-analysis revealed significant differences between the patients administered sotrovimab and those treated with the standard of care. These differences were observed in mortality rate (odds ratio [OR], 0.15; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.03-0.67), hospitalization rate (OR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.21-0.57), intensive care unit (ICU) admission rate (OR, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.04-0.62), the need for supplemental oxygen therapy (OR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.09-0.51), and the need for mechanical ventilation (OR, 0.09; 95% CI, 0.01-0.70). However, no significant difference was observed between sotrovimab and other treatments regarding the rates of hospitalization or ICU admission (P>0.05). Regarding safety, sotrovimab was associated with a lower rate of adverse events compared to the absence of sotrovimab (OR, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.02-0.86). Conclusions These results suggest that sotrovimab may improve efficacy outcomes among SOTRs with COVID-19. Nevertheless, additional high-quality trials are necessary to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Amani
- Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rouhollah Shabestan
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kourosh Rajabkhah
- Department of Curative Affairs, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahman Amani
- Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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6
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Choi S, Lee H, Eum SH, Min JW, Yoon HE, Yang CW, Chung BH. Severity of COVID-19 Pneumonia in Kidney Transplant Recipients According to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination. Infect Chemother 2023; 55:505-509. [PMID: 38183395 PMCID: PMC10771954 DOI: 10.3947/ic.2023.0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
We reviewed 24 kidney transplantat recipients (KTRs) who had radiologically confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. Enrolled KTRs were divided into a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-vaccination (+) group (n = 18) and a vaccination (-) group (n = 6). Clinical outcomes of the two groups including death, pulmonary outcome, and renal outcome were compared. COVID-19 pneumonia was worse in vaccination (-) KTRs. Two out of six vaccination (-) KTRs needed continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) and mechanical ventilator (MV) and expired. In contrast, only one KTR expired and required CRRT and MV out of 18 vaccination (+) KTRs. Our results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 vaccination attenuates severity of COVID-19 pneumonia in KTRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghyeok Choi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hanbi Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Transplantation Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Hun Eum
- Transplantation Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Won Min
- Transplantation Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Eun Yoon
- Transplantation Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chul Woo Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Transplantation Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Ha Chung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Transplantation Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
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7
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Messchendorp AL, Gansevoort RT. Vaccinated kidney transplant recipients are yet not sufficiently protected against COVID-19. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2023; 38:2423-2425. [PMID: 37370226 PMCID: PMC10615622 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfad127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Lianne Messchendorp
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ron T Gansevoort
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Meredith RT, Bermingham MD, Bentley K, Agah S, Aboagye-Odei A, Yarham RAR, Mills H, Shaikh M, Hoye N, Stanton RJ, Chadwick DR, Oliver MA. Differential cellular and humoral immune responses in immunocompromised individuals following multiple SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1207313. [PMID: 37424787 PMCID: PMC10327606 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1207313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The heterogeneity of the immunocompromised population means some individuals may exhibit variable, weak or reduced vaccine-induced immune responses, leaving them poorly protected from COVID-19 disease despite receiving multiple SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations. There is conflicting data on the immunogenicity elicited by multiple vaccinations in immunocompromised groups. The aim of this study was to measure both humoral and cellular vaccine-induced immunity in several immunocompromised cohorts and to compare them to immunocompetent controls. Methods Cytokine release in peptide-stimulated whole blood, and neutralising antibody and baseline SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific IgG levels in plasma were measured in rheumatology patients (n=29), renal transplant recipients (n=46), people living with HIV (PLWH) (n=27) and immunocompetent participants (n=64) post third or fourth vaccination from just one blood sample. Cytokines were measured by ELISA and multiplex array. Neutralising antibody levels in plasma were determined by a 50% neutralising antibody titre assay and SARS-CoV-2 spike specific IgG levels were quantified by ELISA. Results In infection negative donors, IFN-γ, IL-2 and neutralising antibody levels were significantly reduced in rheumatology patients (p=0.0014, p=0.0415, p=0.0319, respectively) and renal transplant recipients (p<0.0001, p=0.0005, p<0.0001, respectively) compared to immunocompetent controls, with IgG antibody responses similarly affected. Conversely, cellular and humoral immune responses were not impaired in PLWH, or between individuals from all groups with previous SARS-CoV-2 infections. Discussion These results suggest that specific subgroups within immunocompromised cohorts could benefit from distinct, personalised immunisation or treatment strategies. Identification of vaccine non-responders could be critical to protect those most at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kirsten Bentley
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Sayeh Agah
- InBio, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Abigail Aboagye-Odei
- Department of Infectious Diseases, South Tees Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough, England, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Muddassir Shaikh
- Department of Kidney Services, South Tees Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough, England, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Hoye
- Department of Rheumatology, South Tees Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough, England, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J. Stanton
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - David R. Chadwick
- Department of Infectious Diseases, South Tees Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough, England, United Kingdom
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9
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Rezahosseini O, Hamm SR, Heftdal LD, Pérez-Alós L, Møller DL, Perch M, Madsen JR, Hald A, Hansen CB, Armenteros JJA, Pries-Heje MM, Hasselbalch RB, Fogh K, Frikke-Schmidt R, Hilsted LM, Sørensen E, Ostrowski SR, Harboe ZB, Iversen K, Bundgaard H, Sørensen SS, Rasmussen A, Garred P, Nielsen SD. Humoral and T-cell response 12 months after the first BNT162b2 vaccination in solid organ transplant recipients and controls: Kinetics, associated factors, and role of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1075423. [PMID: 36713395 PMCID: PMC9880190 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1075423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction We investigated humoral and T-cell responses within 12 months after first BNT162b2 vaccine in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients and controls who had received at least three vaccine doses. Furthermore, we compared the immune response in participants with and without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods We included adult liver, lung, and kidney transplant recipients, and controls were selected from a parallel cohort of healthcare workers. Results At 12th-month, the IgG geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) (P<0.001), IgA GMCs (P=0.003), and median IFN-γ (P<0.001) were lower in SOT recipients than in controls. However, in SOT recipients and controls with previous infection, the neutralizing index was 99%, and the IgG, and IgA responses were comparable. After adjustment, female-sex (aOR: 3.6, P<0.009), kidney (aOR: 7.0, P= 0.008) or lung transplantation (aOR: 7.5, P= 0.014), and use of mycophenolate (aOR: 5.2, P=0.03) were associated with low IgG non response. Age (OR:1.4, P=0.038), time from transplantation to first vaccine (OR: 0.45, P<0.035), and previous SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR: 0.14, P<0.001), were associated with low IgA non response. Diabetes (OR:2.4, P=0.044) was associated with T-cell non response. Conclusion In conclusion, humoral and T-cell responses were inferior in SOT recipients without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection but comparable to controls in SOT recipients with previous infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Rezahosseini
- Viro-immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sebastian Rask Hamm
- Viro-immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Line Dam Heftdal
- Viro-immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laura Pérez-Alós
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dina Leth Møller
- Viro-immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Perch
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johannes Roth Madsen
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annemette Hald
- Viro-immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cecilie Bo Hansen
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jose Juan Almagro Armenteros
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mia Marie Pries-Heje
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Bo Hasselbalch
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Emergency Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kamille Fogh
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Emergency Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ruth Frikke-Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Linda Maria Hilsted
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 2034, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sisse Rye Ostrowski
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 2034, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zitta Barrella Harboe
- Viro-immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases, Hospital of North Zealand, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Kasper Iversen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Emergency Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henning Bundgaard
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Schwartz Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Nephrology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allan Rasmussen
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne Dam Nielsen
- Viro-immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,*Correspondence: Susanne Dam Nielsen,
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