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A systems biology approach to better understand human tick-borne diseases. Trends Parasitol 2023; 39:53-69. [PMID: 36400674 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tick-borne diseases (TBDs) are a growing global health concern. Despite extensive studies, ill-defined tick-associated pathologies remain with unknown aetiologies. Human immunological responses after tick bite, and inter-individual variations of immune-response phenotypes, are not well characterised. Current reductive experimental methodologies limit our understanding of more complex tick-associated illness, which results from the interactions between the host, tick, and microbes. An unbiased, systems-level integration of clinical metadata and biological host data - obtained via transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics - offers to drive the data-informed generation of testable hypotheses in TBDs. Advanced computational tools have rendered meaningful analysis of such large data sets feasible. This review highlights the advantages of integrative system biology approaches as essential for understanding the complex pathobiology of TBDs.
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Takano T, Morikawa M, Adachi Y, Kabasawa K, Sax N, Moriyama S, Sun L, Isogawa M, Nishiyama A, Onodera T, Terahara K, Tonouchi K, Nishimura M, Tomii K, Yamashita K, Matsumura T, Shinkai M, Takahashi Y. Distinct immune cell dynamics correlate with the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100631. [PMID: 35545084 PMCID: PMC9023335 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Two doses of Pfizer/BioNTech BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine elicit robust severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-neutralizing antibodies with frequent adverse events. Here, by applying a high-dimensional immune profiling on 92 vaccinees, we identify six vaccine-induced immune dynamics that correlate with the amounts of neutralizing antibodies, the severity of adverse events, or both. The early dynamics of natural killer (NK)/monocyte subsets (CD16+ NK cells, CD56high NK cells, and non-classical monocytes), dendritic cell (DC) subsets (DC3s and CD11c- Axl+ Siglec-6+ [AS]-DCs), and NKT-like cells are revealed as the distinct cell correlates for neutralizing-antibody titers, severity of adverse events, and both, respectively. The cell correlates for neutralizing antibodies or adverse events are consistently associated with elevation of interferon gamma (IFN-γ)-inducible chemokines, but the chemokine receptors CCR2 and CXCR3 are expressed in distinct manners between the two correlates: vaccine-induced expression on the neutralizing-antibody correlate and constitutive expression on the adverse-event correlate. The finding may guide vaccine strategies that balance immunogenicity and reactogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Takano
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | | | - Yu Adachi
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | | | - Nicolas Sax
- KOTAI Biotechnologies, Inc., Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Saya Moriyama
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Lin Sun
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Masanori Isogawa
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Ayae Nishiyama
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Taishi Onodera
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Terahara
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tonouchi
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | | | - Kentaro Tomii
- Artificial Intelligence Research Center (AIRC), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo 135-0064, Japan; AIST-Tokyo Tech Real World Big-Data Computation Open Innovation Laboratory (RWBC-OIL), Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | | | - Takayuki Matsumura
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.
| | | | - Yoshimasa Takahashi
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.
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3
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Liu S, Kang M, Zhao N, Zhuang Y, Li S, Song T. Comprehensive narrative review of real-world COVID-19 vaccines: viewpoints and opportunities. MEDICAL REVIEW 2022; 2:169-196. [PMID: 35862507 PMCID: PMC9274757 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2021-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Currently, people all over the world have been affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Fighting against COVID-19 is the top priority for all the countries and nations. The development of a safe and effective COVID-19 vaccine is considered the optimal way of ending the pandemic. Three hundred and 44 vaccines were in development, with 149 undergoing clinical research and 35 authorized for emergency use as to March 15 of 2022. Many studies have shown the effective role of COVID-19 vaccines in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infections as well as serious and fatal COVID-19 cases. However, tough challenges have arisen regarding COVID-19 vaccines, including long-term immunity, emerging COVID-19 variants, and vaccine inequalities. A systematic review was performed of recent COVID-19 vaccine studies, with a focus on vaccine type, efficacy and effectiveness, and protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants, breakthrough infections, safety, deployment and vaccine strategies used in the real-world. Ultimately, there is a need to establish a unified evaluation standard of vaccine effectiveness, monitor vaccine safety and effectiveness, along with the virological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 variants; and determine the most useful booster schedule. These aspects must be coordinated to ensure timely responses to beneficial or detrimental situations. In the future, global efforts should be directed toward effective and immediate vaccine allocations, improving vaccine coverage, SARS-CoV-2 new variants tracking, and vaccine booster development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelan Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases , Zhejiang Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention , Hangzhou , Zhejiang Province , China
| | - Min Kang
- Guangdong Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , China
| | - Na Zhao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University , Wuhu , Anhui Province , China
| | - Yali Zhuang
- Guangdong Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , China
| | - Shijian Li
- Department of Public Health, SUNY Old Westbury , New York , USA
| | - Tie Song
- Guangdong Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , China
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Goll JB, Bosinger SE, Jensen TL, Walum H, Grimes T, Tharp GK, Natrajan MS, Blazevic A, Head RD, Gelber CE, Steenbergen KJ, Patel NB, Sanz P, Rouphael NG, Anderson EJ, Mulligan MJ, Hoft DF. The Vacc-SeqQC project: Benchmarking RNA-Seq for clinical vaccine studies. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1093242. [PMID: 36741404 PMCID: PMC9893923 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1093242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Over the last decade, the field of systems vaccinology has emerged, in which high throughput transcriptomics and other omics assays are used to probe changes of the innate and adaptive immune system in response to vaccination. The goal of this study was to benchmark key technical and analytical parameters of RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) in the context of a multi-site, double-blind randomized vaccine clinical trial. Methods We collected longitudinal peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples from 10 subjects before and after vaccination with a live attenuated Francisella tularensis vaccine and performed RNA-Seq at two different sites using aliquots from the same sample to generate two replicate datasets (5 time points for 50 samples each). We evaluated the impact of (i) filtering lowly-expressed genes, (ii) using external RNA controls, (iii) fold change and false discovery rate (FDR) filtering, (iv) read length, and (v) sequencing depth on differential expressed genes (DEGs) concordance between replicate datasets. Using synthetic mRNA spike-ins, we developed a method for empirically establishing minimal read-count thresholds for maintaining fold change accuracy on a per-experiment basis. We defined a reference PBMC transcriptome by pooling sequence data and established the impact of sequencing depth and gene filtering on transcriptome representation. Lastly, we modeled statistical power to detect DEGs for a range of sample sizes, effect sizes, and sequencing depths. Results and Discussion Our results showed that (i) filtering lowly-expressed genes is recommended to improve fold-change accuracy and inter-site agreement, if possible guided by mRNA spike-ins (ii) read length did not have a major impact on DEG detection, (iii) applying fold-change cutoffs for DEG detection reduced inter-set agreement and should be used with caution, if at all, (iv) reduction in sequencing depth had a minimal impact on statistical power but reduced the identifiable fraction of the PBMC transcriptome, (v) after sample size, effect size (i.e. the magnitude of fold change) was the most important driver of statistical power to detect DEG. The results from this study provide RNA sequencing benchmarks and guidelines for planning future similar vaccine studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes B Goll
- Department of Biomedical Data Science and Bioinformatics, The Emmes Company, LLC, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Steven E Bosinger
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Emory NPRC Genomics Core, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Travis L Jensen
- Department of Biomedical Data Science and Bioinformatics, The Emmes Company, LLC, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Hasse Walum
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Tyler Grimes
- Department of Biomedical Data Science and Bioinformatics, The Emmes Company, LLC, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Gregory K Tharp
- Emory NPRC Genomics Core, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Muktha S Natrajan
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Azra Blazevic
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Richard D Head
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Casey E Gelber
- Department of Biomedical Data Science and Bioinformatics, The Emmes Company, LLC, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Kristen J Steenbergen
- Department of Biomedical Data Science and Bioinformatics, The Emmes Company, LLC, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Nirav B Patel
- Emory NPRC Genomics Core, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Patrick Sanz
- Office of Biodefense, Research Resources and Translational Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Nadine G Rouphael
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Evan J Anderson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Mark J Mulligan
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,New York University Vaccine Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Daniel F Hoft
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Novel Transcriptional and Translational Biomarkers of Tularemia Vaccine Efficacy in a Mouse Inhalation Model: Proof of Concept. Microorganisms 2021; 10:microorganisms10010036. [PMID: 35056485 PMCID: PMC8778127 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Francisella tularensis subspecies tularensis (Ftt) is extremely virulent for humans when inhaled as a small particle aerosol (<5 µm). Inhalation of ≥20 viable bacteria is sufficient to initiate infection with a mortality rate ≥30%. Consequently, in the past, Ftt became a primary candidate for biological weapons development. To counter this threat, the USA developed a live vaccine strain (LVS), that showed efficacy in humans against inhalation of virulent Ftt. However, the breakthrough dose was fairly low, and protection waned with time. These weaknesses triggered extensive research for better vaccine candidates. Previously, we showed that deleting the clpB gene from virulent Ftt strain, SCHU S4, resulted in a mutant that was significantly less virulent than LVS for mice, yet better protected them from aerosol challenge with wild-type SCHU S4. To date, comprehensive searches for correlates of protection for SCHU S4 ΔclpB among molecules that are critical signatures of cell-mediated immunity, have yielded little reward. In this study we used transcriptomics analysis to expand the potential range of molecular correlates of protection induced by vaccination with SCHU S4 ΔclpB beyond the usual candidates. The results provide proof-of-concept that unusual host responses to vaccination can potentially serve as novel efficacy biomarkers for new tularemia vaccines.
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Human immune diversity: from evolution to modernity. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:1479-1489. [PMID: 34795445 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-01058-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The extreme diversity of the human immune system, forged and maintained throughout evolutionary history, provides a potent defense against opportunistic pathogens. At the same time, this immune variation is the substrate upon which a plethora of immune-associated diseases develop. Genetic analysis suggests that thousands of individually weak loci together drive up to half of the observed immune variation. Intense selection maintains this genetic diversity, even selecting for the introgressed Neanderthal or Denisovan alleles that have reintroduced variation lost during the out-of-Africa migration. Variations in age, sex, diet, environmental exposure, and microbiome each potentially explain the residual variation, with proof-of-concept studies demonstrating both plausible mechanisms and correlative associations. The confounding interaction of many of these variables currently makes it difficult to assign definitive contributions. Here, we review the current state of play in the field, identify the key unknowns in the causality of immune variation, and identify the multidisciplinary pathways toward an improved understanding.
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Van Tilbeurgh M, Lemdani K, Beignon AS, Chapon C, Tchitchek N, Cheraitia L, Marcos Lopez E, Pascal Q, Le Grand R, Maisonnasse P, Manet C. Predictive Markers of Immunogenicity and Efficacy for Human Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:579. [PMID: 34205932 PMCID: PMC8226531 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines represent one of the major advances of modern medicine. Despite the many successes of vaccination, continuous efforts to design new vaccines are needed to fight "old" pandemics, such as tuberculosis and malaria, as well as emerging pathogens, such as Zika virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Vaccination aims at reaching sterilizing immunity, however assessing vaccine efficacy is still challenging and underscores the need for a better understanding of immune protective responses. Identifying reliable predictive markers of immunogenicity can help to select and develop promising vaccine candidates during early preclinical studies and can lead to improved, personalized, vaccination strategies. A systems biology approach is increasingly being adopted to address these major challenges using multiple high-dimensional technologies combined with in silico models. Although the goal is to develop predictive models of vaccine efficacy in humans, applying this approach to animal models empowers basic and translational vaccine research. In this review, we provide an overview of vaccine immune signatures in preclinical models, as well as in target human populations. We also discuss high-throughput technologies used to probe vaccine-induced responses, along with data analysis and computational methodologies applied to the predictive modeling of vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Van Tilbeurgh
- Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases (IMVA), IDMIT Department, Institut de Biologie François-Jacob (IBJF), University Paris-Sud—INSERM U1184, CEA, 92265 Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France; (M.V.T.); (K.L.); (A.-S.B.); (C.C.); (L.C.); (E.M.L.); (Q.P.); (R.L.G.); (P.M.)
| | - Katia Lemdani
- Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases (IMVA), IDMIT Department, Institut de Biologie François-Jacob (IBJF), University Paris-Sud—INSERM U1184, CEA, 92265 Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France; (M.V.T.); (K.L.); (A.-S.B.); (C.C.); (L.C.); (E.M.L.); (Q.P.); (R.L.G.); (P.M.)
| | - Anne-Sophie Beignon
- Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases (IMVA), IDMIT Department, Institut de Biologie François-Jacob (IBJF), University Paris-Sud—INSERM U1184, CEA, 92265 Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France; (M.V.T.); (K.L.); (A.-S.B.); (C.C.); (L.C.); (E.M.L.); (Q.P.); (R.L.G.); (P.M.)
| | - Catherine Chapon
- Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases (IMVA), IDMIT Department, Institut de Biologie François-Jacob (IBJF), University Paris-Sud—INSERM U1184, CEA, 92265 Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France; (M.V.T.); (K.L.); (A.-S.B.); (C.C.); (L.C.); (E.M.L.); (Q.P.); (R.L.G.); (P.M.)
| | - Nicolas Tchitchek
- Unité de Recherche i3, Inserm UMR-S 959, Bâtiment CERVI, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France;
| | - Lina Cheraitia
- Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases (IMVA), IDMIT Department, Institut de Biologie François-Jacob (IBJF), University Paris-Sud—INSERM U1184, CEA, 92265 Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France; (M.V.T.); (K.L.); (A.-S.B.); (C.C.); (L.C.); (E.M.L.); (Q.P.); (R.L.G.); (P.M.)
| | - Ernesto Marcos Lopez
- Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases (IMVA), IDMIT Department, Institut de Biologie François-Jacob (IBJF), University Paris-Sud—INSERM U1184, CEA, 92265 Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France; (M.V.T.); (K.L.); (A.-S.B.); (C.C.); (L.C.); (E.M.L.); (Q.P.); (R.L.G.); (P.M.)
| | - Quentin Pascal
- Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases (IMVA), IDMIT Department, Institut de Biologie François-Jacob (IBJF), University Paris-Sud—INSERM U1184, CEA, 92265 Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France; (M.V.T.); (K.L.); (A.-S.B.); (C.C.); (L.C.); (E.M.L.); (Q.P.); (R.L.G.); (P.M.)
| | - Roger Le Grand
- Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases (IMVA), IDMIT Department, Institut de Biologie François-Jacob (IBJF), University Paris-Sud—INSERM U1184, CEA, 92265 Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France; (M.V.T.); (K.L.); (A.-S.B.); (C.C.); (L.C.); (E.M.L.); (Q.P.); (R.L.G.); (P.M.)
| | - Pauline Maisonnasse
- Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases (IMVA), IDMIT Department, Institut de Biologie François-Jacob (IBJF), University Paris-Sud—INSERM U1184, CEA, 92265 Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France; (M.V.T.); (K.L.); (A.-S.B.); (C.C.); (L.C.); (E.M.L.); (Q.P.); (R.L.G.); (P.M.)
| | - Caroline Manet
- Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases (IMVA), IDMIT Department, Institut de Biologie François-Jacob (IBJF), University Paris-Sud—INSERM U1184, CEA, 92265 Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France; (M.V.T.); (K.L.); (A.-S.B.); (C.C.); (L.C.); (E.M.L.); (Q.P.); (R.L.G.); (P.M.)
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Salerno-Gonçalves R, Chen WH, Mulligan MJ, Frey SE, Stapleton JT, Keitel WA, Bailey J, Sendra E, Hill H, Johnson RA, Sztein MB. Vaccine-related major cutaneous reaction size correlates with cellular-mediated immune responses after tularaemia immunisation. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1239. [PMID: 33505681 PMCID: PMC7814273 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Francisella tularensis, the causative agent of tularaemia, is an exceptionally infectious bacterium, potentially fatal for humans if left untreated and with the potential to be developed as a bioweapon. Both natural infection and live-attenuated vaccine strain (LVS) confer good protection against tularaemia. LVS vaccination is traditionally administered by scarification, and the formation of a cutaneous reaction or take at the vaccination site is recognised as a clinical correlate of protection. Although previous studies have suggested that high antibody titres following vaccination might serve as a useful surrogate marker, the immunological correlates of protection remain unknown. Methods We investigated the host T-cell-mediated immune (T-CMI) responses elicited following immunisation with LVS vaccine formulated by the DynPort Vaccine Company (DVC-LVS) or the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID-LVS). We compared T-CMI responses prompted by these vaccines and correlated them with take size. Results We found that both LVS vaccines elicited similar T-CMI responses. Interestingly, take size associated with the T cells' ability to proliferate, secrete IFN-γ and mobilise degranulation, suggesting that these responses play an essential role in tularaemia protection. Conclusions These results renew the appreciation for vaccination through the scarification as a prime route of inoculation to target pathogens driving specific T-CMI responses and provide further evidence that T-CMI plays a role in protection from tularaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosangela Salerno-Gonçalves
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health (CVD) University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
| | - Wilbur H Chen
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health (CVD) University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
| | - Mark J Mulligan
- The Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center Department of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases Emory University School of Medicine Decatur GA USA.,Present address: NYU Langone Vaccine Center NYU Grossman School of Medicine Alexandria Center for Life Sciences (West Tower) New York NY USA
| | - Sharon E Frey
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology Saint Louis University School of Medicine St. Louis MO USA
| | - Jack T Stapleton
- Iowa City Veterans Administration and the University of Iowa Iowa City IA USA
| | - Wendy A Keitel
- Departments of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, and Medicine Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA
| | - Jason Bailey
- Emmes Rockville MD USA.,Present address: Armed Forces Health Surveillance Branch, Integrated Biosurveillance Silver Spring MD USA
| | | | | | - Robert A Johnson
- Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority Department of Health and Human Services ASPR Washington DC USA
| | - Marcelo B Sztein
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health (CVD) University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA.,Program in Oncology University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center Baltimore MD USA
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9
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Hazlewood JE, Dumenil T, Le TT, Slonchak A, Kazakoff SH, Patch AM, Gray LA, Howley PM, Liu L, Hayball JD, Yan K, Rawle DJ, Prow NA, Suhrbier A. Injection site vaccinology of a recombinant vaccinia-based vector reveals diverse innate immune signatures. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009215. [PMID: 33439897 PMCID: PMC7837487 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Poxvirus systems have been extensively used as vaccine vectors. Herein a RNA-Seq analysis of intramuscular injection sites provided detailed insights into host innate immune responses, as well as expression of vector and recombinant immunogen genes, after vaccination with a new multiplication defective, vaccinia-based vector, Sementis Copenhagen Vector. Chikungunya and Zika virus immunogen mRNA and protein expression was associated with necrosing skeletal muscle cells surrounded by mixed cellular infiltrates. The multiple adjuvant signatures at 12 hours post-vaccination were dominated by TLR3, 4 and 9, STING, MAVS, PKR and the inflammasome. Th1 cytokine signatures were dominated by IFNγ, TNF and IL1β, and chemokine signatures by CCL5 and CXCL12. Multiple signatures associated with dendritic cell stimulation were evident. By day seven, vaccine transcripts were absent, and cell death, neutrophil, macrophage and inflammation annotations had abated. No compelling arthritis signatures were identified. Such injection site vaccinology approaches should inform refinements in poxvirus-based vector design. Poxvirus vector systems have been widely developed for vaccine applications. Despite considerable progress, so far only one recombinant poxvirus vectored vaccine has to date been licensed for human use, with ongoing efforts seeking to enhance immunogenicity whilst minimizing reactogenicity. The latter two characteristics are often determined by early post-vaccination events at the injection site. We therefore undertook an injection site vaccinology approach to analyzing gene expression at the vaccination site after intramuscular inoculation with a recombinant, multiplication defective, vaccinia-based vaccine. This provided detailed insights into inter alia expression of vector-encoded immunoregulatory genes, as well as host innate and adaptive immune responses. We propose that such injection site vaccinology can inform rational vaccine vector design, and we discuss how the information and approach elucidated herein might be used to improve immunogenicity and limit reactogenicity of poxvirus-based vaccine vector systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessamine E. Hazlewood
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Troy Dumenil
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Thuy T. Le
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Andrii Slonchak
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Stephen H. Kazakoff
- Clinical Genomics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ann-Marie Patch
- Clinical Genomics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lesley-Ann Gray
- Australian Genome Research Facility Ltd., Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Liang Liu
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - John D. Hayball
- Sementis Ltd., Hackney, Australia
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kexin Yan
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Daniel J. Rawle
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Natalie A. Prow
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Andreas Suhrbier
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, Brisbane, Australia
- * E-mail:
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10
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Cianci R, Franza L. Genomic Medicine and Advances in Vaccine Technology and Development in the Developing and Developed World. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 9:vaccines9010009. [PMID: 33374343 PMCID: PMC7823288 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Cianci
- Internal Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-3015-7597; Fax: +39-06-3550-2775
| | - Laura Franza
- Emergency Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy;
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11
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Abstract
Purpose of review As an eminently vaccine-preventable disease, encephalitis caused by Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) has attracted an unusually high degree of attention from those seeking to develop viral vaccines. Since the 1950s, all types of JEV vaccines including inactivated, recombinant and live attenuated ones have been licensed. As an example of an extremely successful endeavour, the time is ripe for reviewing the development of JEV vaccines and probing the reasons behind their uniform success. Recent findings Vaccines against JEV have come a long way since the first licensing in the mid-1950s of the mouse brain-grown-inactivated virus preparations, to the present day live-attenuated virus vaccines. A survey of the various inactivated and live vaccines developed against JEV provides a striking insight into the impressive safety and efficacy of all the vaccines available to prevent encephalitis from JEV. This review juxtaposes studies to understand naturally acquired immunity against JEV that have mostly been published post-2000, compares these with those elicited by vaccines and highlights the paucity of data on cell-mediated immune responses elicited by JEV vaccines. Summary This article not only seeks to make available the immense salient literature on this endeavour in one collection, but also queries the basis for the remarkable success of JEV vaccines, not least of which may be the ease of protecting against encephalitis caused by JEV. To conclude, the true test of the ingenuity of those dedicated to the pursuit of viral vaccines would be success against viral diseases such as HIV-AIDS and dengue that pose a far greater challenge to scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaya Satchidanandam
- Room SA07, Biology Building, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Sir C.V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012 India
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12
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Jacob D, Barduhn A, Tappe D, Rauch J, Heuner K, Hierhammer D, vom Berge K, Riehm JM, Hanczaruk M, Böhm S, Böhmer MM, Konrad R, Bouschery B, Dauer M, Schichtl E, Hossain H, Grunow R. Outbreak of Tularemia in a Group of Hunters in Germany in 2018-Kinetics of Antibody and Cytokine Responses. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8111645. [PMID: 33114188 PMCID: PMC7690809 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In November 2018, an outbreak of tularemia occurred among hare hunters in Bavaria, Germany. At least one infected hare was confirmed as the source of infection. A number of hunting dogs showed elevated antibody titers to Francisella tularensis, but the absence of titer increases in subsequent samples did not point to acute infections in dogs. Altogether, 12 persons associated with this hare hunt could be diagnosed with acute tularemia by detection of specific antibodies. In nine patients, the antibody and cytokine responses could be monitored over time. Eight out of these nine patients had developed detectable antibodies three weeks after exposure; in one individual the antibody response was delayed. All patients showed an increase in various cytokines and chemokines with a peak for most mediators in the first week after exposure. Cytokine levels showed individual variations, with high and low responders. The kinetics of seroconversion has implications on serological diagnoses of tularemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Jacob
- Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (D.J.); (A.B.); (K.H.)
| | - Anne Barduhn
- Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (D.J.); (A.B.); (K.H.)
| | - Dennis Tappe
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany; (D.T.); (J.R.)
| | - Jessica Rauch
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany; (D.T.); (J.R.)
| | - Klaus Heuner
- Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (D.J.); (A.B.); (K.H.)
| | - Daniela Hierhammer
- Local Health Authority, 92421 Schwandorf, Bavaria, Germany; (D.H.); (K.v.B.)
| | - Katharina vom Berge
- Local Health Authority, 92421 Schwandorf, Bavaria, Germany; (D.H.); (K.v.B.)
| | - Julia M. Riehm
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (J.M.R.); (M.H.); (S.B.); (M.M.B.); (R.K.)
| | - Matthias Hanczaruk
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (J.M.R.); (M.H.); (S.B.); (M.M.B.); (R.K.)
| | - Stefanie Böhm
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (J.M.R.); (M.H.); (S.B.); (M.M.B.); (R.K.)
- Postgraduate Training for Applied Epidemiology (PAE), Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training (EPIET), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, 169 73 Solna, Sweden
| | - Merle M. Böhmer
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (J.M.R.); (M.H.); (S.B.); (M.M.B.); (R.K.)
- Institute of Social Medicine and Health Systems Research, Otto-von-Guericke-University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Regina Konrad
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (J.M.R.); (M.H.); (S.B.); (M.M.B.); (R.K.)
| | - Berit Bouschery
- Department of Medicine II, Klinikum St. Marien, 92224 Amberg, Germany; (B.B.); (M.D.)
| | - Marc Dauer
- Department of Medicine II, Klinikum St. Marien, 92224 Amberg, Germany; (B.B.); (M.D.)
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Hamid Hossain
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Microbiology, Klinikum St. Marien, 92224 Amberg, Germany;
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Microbiology, Kliniken Nordoberpfalz AG, 92637 Weiden, Germany
| | - Roland Grunow
- Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (D.J.); (A.B.); (K.H.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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Poon MM, Farber DL. The Whole Body as the System in Systems Immunology. iScience 2020; 23:101509. [PMID: 32920485 PMCID: PMC7491152 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The human immune system is comprised of a diverse and interactive network of specialized cells localized in diverse tissues throughout the body, where they mediate protection against pathogens and environmental insults while maintaining tissue homeostasis. Although much of our understanding of human immunology has derived from studies of peripheral blood, recent work utilizing human tissue resources and innovative computational methods have employed a whole-body, systems-based approach, revealing tremendous complexity and heterogeneity of the immune system within individuals and across the population. In this review, we discuss how tissue localization, developmental and age-associated changes, and conditions of health and disease shape the immune response, as well as how improved understanding of interindividual and tissue-specific immunity can be leveraged for developing targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya M.L. Poon
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Donna L. Farber
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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14
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Goll JB, Li S, Edwards JL, Bosinger SE, Jensen TL, Wang Y, Hooper WF, Gelber CE, Sanders KL, Anderson EJ, Rouphael N, Natrajan MS, Johnson RA, Sanz P, Hoft D, Mulligan MJ. Transcriptomic and Metabolic Responses to a Live-Attenuated Francisella tularensis Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8030412. [PMID: 32722194 PMCID: PMC7563297 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune response to live-attenuated Francisella tularensis vaccine and its host evasion mechanisms are incompletely understood. Using RNA-Seq and LC–MS on samples collected pre-vaccination and at days 1, 2, 7, and 14 post-vaccination, we identified differentially expressed genes in PBMCs, metabolites in serum, enriched pathways, and metabolites that correlated with T cell and B cell responses, or gene expression modules. While an early activation of interferon α/β signaling was observed, several innate immune signaling pathways including TLR, TNF, NF-κB, and NOD-like receptor signaling and key inflammatory cytokines such as Il-1α, Il-1β, and TNF typically activated following infection were suppressed. The NF-κB pathway was the most impacted and the likely route of attack. Plasma cells, immunoglobulin, and B cell signatures were evident by day 7. MHC I antigen presentation was more actively up-regulated first followed by MHC II which coincided with the emergence of humoral immune signatures. Metabolomics analysis showed that glycolysis and TCA cycle-related metabolites were perturbed including a decline in pyruvate. Correlation networks that provide hypotheses on the interplay between changes in innate immune, T cell, and B cell gene expression signatures and metabolites are provided. Results demonstrate the utility of transcriptomics and metabolomics for better understanding molecular mechanisms of vaccine response and potential host–pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes B. Goll
- The Emmes Company, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; (J.B.G.); (T.L.J.); (W.F.H.); (C.E.G.)
| | - Shuzhao Li
- Departments of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (S.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - James L. Edwards
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO 63103, USA; (J.L.E.); (K.L.S.)
| | - Steven E. Bosinger
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Secret Path, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA;
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (N.R.); (M.S.N.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur, GA 30030, USA
| | - Travis L. Jensen
- The Emmes Company, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; (J.B.G.); (T.L.J.); (W.F.H.); (C.E.G.)
| | - Yating Wang
- Departments of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (S.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - William F. Hooper
- The Emmes Company, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; (J.B.G.); (T.L.J.); (W.F.H.); (C.E.G.)
| | - Casey E. Gelber
- The Emmes Company, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; (J.B.G.); (T.L.J.); (W.F.H.); (C.E.G.)
| | - Katherine L. Sanders
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO 63103, USA; (J.L.E.); (K.L.S.)
| | - Evan J. Anderson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Nadine Rouphael
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (N.R.); (M.S.N.)
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Muktha S. Natrajan
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (N.R.); (M.S.N.)
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Robert A. Johnson
- Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC 20201, USA;
| | - Patrick Sanz
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Daniel Hoft
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Saint Louis University Health Sciences Center, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA;
| | - Mark J. Mulligan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, and New York University (NYU) Langone Vaccine Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-212-263-9410; Fax: +1-646-501-4645
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15
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Proteomic Analysis of Human Immune Responses to Live-Attenuated Tularemia Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8030413. [PMID: 32722207 PMCID: PMC7564149 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Francisella tularensis (F. tularensis) is an intracellular pathogen that causes a potentially debilitating febrile illness known as tularemia. F. tularensis can be spread by aerosol transmission and cause fatal pneumonic tularemia. If untreated, mortality rates can be as high as 30%. To study the host responses to a live-attenuated tularemia vaccine, peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples were assayed from 10 subjects collected pre- and post-vaccination, using both the 2D-DIGE/MALDI-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS approaches. Protein expression related to antigen processing and presentation, inflammation (PPARγ nuclear receptor), phagocytosis, and gram-negative bacterial infection was enriched at Day 7 and/or Day 14. Protein candidates that could be used to predict human immune responses were identified by evaluating the correlation between proteome changes and humoral and cellular immune responses. Consistent with the proteomics data, parallel transcriptomics data showed that MHC class I and class II-related signals important for protein processing and antigen presentation were up-regulated, further confirming the proteomic results. These findings provide new biological insights that can be built upon in future clinical studies, using live attenuated strains as immunogens, including their potential use as surrogates of protection.
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16
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Kennedy RB, Ovsyannikova IG, Palese P, Poland GA. Current Challenges in Vaccinology. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1181. [PMID: 32670279 PMCID: PMC7329983 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of vaccines, which prime the immune system to respond to future infections, has led to global declines in morbidity and mortality from dreadful infectious communicable diseases. However, many pathogens of public health importance are highly complex and/or rapidly evolving, posing unique challenges to vaccine development. Several of these challenges include an incomplete understanding of how immunity develops, host and pathogen genetic variability, and an increased societal skepticism regarding vaccine safety. In particular, new high-dimensional omics technologies, aided by bioinformatics, are driving new vaccine development (vaccinomics). Informed by recent insights into pathogen biology, host genetic diversity, and immunology, the increasing use of genomic approaches is leading to new models and understanding of host immune system responses that may provide solutions in the rapid development of novel vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B Kennedy
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Inna G Ovsyannikova
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Peter Palese
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Gregory A Poland
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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17
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Du Y, Thompson EG, Muller J, Valvo J, Braun J, Shankar S, van den Berg RA, Jongert E, Dover D, Sadoff J, Hendriks J, Gardner MJ, Ballou WR, Regules JA, van der Most R, Aderem A, Ockenhouse CF, Hill AV, Wille-Reece U, Zak DE. The Ratiometric Transcript Signature MX2/GPR183 Is Consistently Associated With RTS,S-Mediated Protection Against Controlled Human Malaria Infection. Front Immunol 2020; 11:669. [PMID: 32411130 PMCID: PMC7199517 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The RTS,S/AS01 vaccine provides partial protection against Plasmodium falciparum infection but determinants of protection and/or disease are unclear. Previously, anti-circumsporozoite protein (CSP) antibody titers and blood RNA signatures were associated with RTS,S/AS01 efficacy against controlled human malaria infection (CHMI). By analyzing host blood transcriptomes from five RTS,S vaccination CHMI studies, we demonstrate that the transcript ratio MX2/GPR183, measured 1 day after third immunization, discriminates protected from non-protected individuals. This ratiometric signature provides information that is complementary to anti-CSP titer levels for identifying RTS,S/AS01 immunized people who developed protective immunity and suggests a role for interferon and oxysterol signaling in the RTS,S mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Du
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | | | | | - Joseph Valvo
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jackie Braun
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Smitha Shankar
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA, United States
| | | | | | - Drew Dover
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jerald Sadoff
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention BV, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Malcolm J. Gardner
- Infectious Diseases, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | | | - Jason A. Regules
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | | | - Alan Aderem
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | | | | | | | - Daniel E. Zak
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA, United States
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