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Ji L, Xu F, Zhang J, Song T, Chen W, Yin X, Wang Q, Chen X, Li X, Guo M, Chen Z. ADRB2 expression predicts the clinical outcomes and is associated with immune cells infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15994. [PMID: 36163241 PMCID: PMC9512930 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19991-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The gene encoding beta2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR), adrenoceptor beta 2 (ADRB2), has been reported to closely associated with various cancers. However, its role in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains controversial. This research shed light on the prognostic value of ADRB2 in LUAD and further explored its association with immune cell infiltration. ADRB2 was significantly decreased in LUAD. ADRB2 expression in LUAD was significantly correlated with gender, smoking status, T classification, and pathologic stage. Patients in the low ADRB2 expression group presented with significantly poorer overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) results showed that ADRB2 participates in immune response. The expression of ADRB2 was positively correlated with the infiltration level of most immune cells. Notably, ADRB2 is involved in LUAD progression partly by regulating the immune microenvironment, which may potentially serve as a significant prognostic biomarker as well as a potential drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Ji
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jingtao Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ting Song
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Weida Chen
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xi Yin
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Department of Record Room, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China, Jinan
| | - Xiubao Chen
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Minghao Guo
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zetao Chen
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China. .,Subject of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine , Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
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Zhang A, Li D, Song C, Jing H, Li H, Mi J, Zhang G, Jin S, Ren X, Huangfu H, Shi D, Chen R. Evaluation of different combination of pam2CSK4, poly (I:C) and imiquimod enhance immune responses to H9N2 avian influenza antigen in dendritic cells and duck. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271746. [PMID: 35853030 PMCID: PMC9295992 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Current commercial H9 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) vaccines cannot provide satisfactory antibody titers and protective immunity against AIVs in duck. Toll like receptors (TLR) ligand as AIVs adjuvants can activate dendritic cells to improve immune responses in multiple animals, while the studies were absent in duck. Therefore, we investigated TLR ligands pam2CSK4, poly (I:C) and/or imiquimod enhance immune responses to inactivated H9N2 avian influenza antigen (H9N2 IAIV) in peripheral blood monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs) and duck. In vitro, we observed that transcription factor NF-κB, Th1/Th2 type cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-6) and the ability of catching H9N2 IAIV antigen were significantly up-regulated when H9N2 IAIV along with TLR ligands (pam2CSK4, poly (I:C) and imiquimod, alone or combination) in duck MoDCs. Also, the best enhancement effects were showed in combination of pam2CSK4, poly (I:C) and imiquimod group, whereas IFN-α showed no significant enhancement in all experimental groups. In vivo, the results demonstrated that the percentages of CD4+/ CD8+ T lymphocytes, the levels of Th1/Th2 type cytokines and H9N2 HI titers were significant enhanced in combination of pam2CSK4, poly (I:C) and imiquimod group. However, pam2CSK4 alone or combining with imiquimod showed no enhancement or additive effects on Th1 cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-2), Th2 cytokines (IL-6) and HI titers in Muscovy duck, respectively. Taken together, our results concluded that not all TLR ligands showed enhancement of immune responses to H9N2 IAIV in duck. The combination of poly (I:C), imiquimod and pam2CSK4 that can be an effectively adjuvant candidate for H9N2 AIVs inactivated vaccine in duck, which provide novel insights in explore waterfowl vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiguo Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Huannong (Zhaoqing) Institute of Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Zhaoqing, Guangdong, China
- Henan Poultry Disease Prevention and Control Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- * E-mail: (RC); (AZ)
| | - Deyin Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chao Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Huiyuan Jing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hongfei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Junxian Mi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Guizhi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shuangxing Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Poultry Disease Prevention and Control Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoli Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Heping Huangfu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Dongmei Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ruiai Chen
- Huannong (Zhaoqing) Institute of Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Zhaoqing, Guangdong, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail: (RC); (AZ)
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Influenza vaccines are the most useful strategy for preventing influenza illness, especially in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic. For the coming year (2021/2022) all vaccines will be quadrivalent and contain two influenza A strains [(H1N1)pdm09-like and (H3N2)-like viruses] and two influenza B strains (Victoria lineage-like and Yamagata lineage-like viruses). However, the currently licensed have suboptimal efficacy due to the emergence of new strains and vaccine production limitations. In this review, we summarize the current recommendations as well as new advancements in influenza vaccinations. RECENT FINDINGS Recent advances have been aimed at moving away from egg-based vaccines and toward cell culture and recombinant vaccines. This removes egg adaptations that decrease vaccine efficacy, removes the reliance on egg availability and decreases the time necessary to manufacture vaccines. However, even more radical changes are needed if we are to reach the ultimate goal of a universal vaccine capable of providing long-lasting protection against all or at least most influenza strains. We discuss various strategies, including using more stable influenza antigens such as the hemagglutinin stalk and internal proteins as well as new adjuvants, new vaccine formulations, and DNA/RNA-based vaccines that are currently being developed. SUMMARY The currently available vaccines have suboptimal efficacy and do not provide adequate protection against drifted and shifted strains. Thus, the development of a universal influenza vaccine that induces long-lasing immunity and protects against a broad range of strains is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadim Khalil
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department Pediatrics, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - David I Bernstein
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Gao Y, Liang Z, Lv N, Shan J, Zhou H, Zhang J, Shi L. Exploring the total flavones of Abelmoschus manihot against IAV-induced lung inflammation by network pharmacology. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:36. [PMID: 35123452 PMCID: PMC8817495 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03509-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medicus (AM) is a medicinal plant with various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral and immunomodulatory. Previous studies have identified total flavones as the primary bioactive ingredient of AM (termed TFA). However, its role and mechanism in counteracting Influenza A virus (IAV) infection are yet to be explored. Therefore, the study aims to study the antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects of TFA on IAV in vitro and in vivo. Methods A network pharmacology-based approach was applied to identify the antiviral mechanism of TFA against IAV. For the mechanism validation, the cytopathic effect reduction assay evaluated the antiviral activity of TFA in vitro. Meanwhile, the mice were intranasally infected with IAV to induce lung infection. The antiviral effect of TFA was observed in vivo. Further investigation whether the reprogramming microbiome in the TFA treatment group affected antiviral, we conducted a microbial-transfer study with co-housing experiments. Results By applying the network pharmacology-based methods (PPI, GO, and KEGG), we identified 167 potential targets of TFA action, among which 62 targets were related to IAV pathogenesis. A core network containing the pro-inflammatory TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β, MAPKs, and RIG-I receptor signaling pathway was further confirmed as the crucial targets for anti-influenza efficacy of TFA. We demonstrate that TFA provided profound protection against pulmonary IAV infection, which alleviated inflammatory responses, decreased MAPK signaling pathway and expedited viral eradiation. Conclusions Our study unveils a pivotal role for TFA in controlling viral infection and dampening pathology, making it a promising strategy for treating IAV-induced pneumonia. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-022-03509-0.
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Ritzau-Jost J, Hutloff A. T Cell/B Cell Interactions in the Establishment of Protective Immunity. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9101074. [PMID: 34696182 PMCID: PMC8536969 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9101074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicular helper T cells (Tfh) are the T cell subset providing help to B cells for the generation of high-affinity antibodies and are therefore of key interest for the development of vaccination strategies against infectious diseases. In this review, we will discuss how the generation of Tfh cells and their interaction with B cells in secondary lymphoid organs can be optimized for therapeutic purposes. We will summarize different T cell subsets including Tfh-like peripheral helper T cells (Tph) capable of providing B cell help. In particular, we will highlight the novel concept of T cell/B cell interaction in non-lymphoid tissues as an important element for the generation of protective antibodies directly at the site of pathogen invasion.
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Wilson HL, Haddadi A, Mutwiri GK. Vaccine Formulation for Infectious Diseases and Adjuvant Mechanisms of Action. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9060667. [PMID: 34207033 PMCID: PMC8235003 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Heather L. Wilson
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada;
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
- Correspondence:
| | - Azita Haddadi
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada;
| | - George K. Mutwiri
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada;
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
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