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Emaminejad SA, Sparks J, Cusick RD. Integrating Bio-Electrochemical Sensors and Machine Learning to Predict the Efficacy of Biological Nutrient Removal Processes at Water Resource Recovery Facilities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:18372-18381. [PMID: 37386725 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring biological nutrient removal (BNR) processes at water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs) with data-driven models is currently limited by the data limitations associated with the variability of bioavailable carbon (C) in wastewater. This study focuses on leveraging the amperometric response of a bio-electrochemical sensor (BES) to wastewater C variability, to predict influent shock loading events and NO3- removal in the first-stage anoxic zone (ANX1) of a five-stage Bardenpho BNR process using machine learning (ML) methods. Shock loading prediction with BES signal processing successfully detected 86.9% of the influent industrial slug and rain events of the plant during the study period. Extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) and artificial neural network (ANN) models developed using the BES signal and other recorded variables provided a good prediction performance for NO3- removal in the ANX1, particularly within the normal operating range of WRRFs. A sensitivity analysis of the XGBoost model using SHapley Additive exPlanations indicated that the BES signal had the strongest impact on the model output and current approaches to methanol dosing that neglect C availability can negatively impact nitrogen (N) removal due to cascading impacts of overdosing on nitrification efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Aryan Emaminejad
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jeff Sparks
- Hampton Roads Sanitation District Nansemond Treatment Plant, Virginia Beach, Virginia 23455, United States
| | - Roland D Cusick
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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2
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Liu Z, Smith SR. Cross-Linked Enzyme Aggregate (CLEA) Preparation from Waste Activated Sludge. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1902. [PMID: 37630462 PMCID: PMC10458447 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzymes are used extensively as industrial bio-catalysts in various manufacturing and processing sectors. However, commercial enzymes are expensive in part due to the high cost of the nutrient medium for the biomass culture. Activated sludge (AS) is a waste product of biological wastewater treatment and consists of microbial biomass that degrades organic matter by producing substantial quantities of hydrolytic enzymes. Recovering enzymes from AS therefore offers a potential alternative to conventional production techniques. A carrier-free, cross-linked enzyme aggregate (CLEA) was produced from crude AS enzyme extract for the first time. A major advantage of the CLEA is the combined immobilization, purification, and stabilization of the crude enzymes into a single step, thereby avoiding large amounts of inert carriers in the final enzyme product. The AS CLEA contained a variety of hydrolytic enzymes and demonstrated high potential for the bio-conversion of complex organic substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen R. Smith
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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3
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Maulana A, Adiandri RS, Boopathy R, Setiadi T. Extraction, characterization, and biosurfactant properties of extracellular polymeric substance from textile wastewater activated sludge. J Biosci Bioeng 2022; 134:508-512. [PMID: 36224066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Textile wastewater treatment generates sludge that needs to be disposed of safely. The cost of sludge management is 50% of the total treatment cost of the wastewater. To reduce the expense, the sludge can be repurposed as a valuable resource by extracting extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). EPS contains polysaccharides, proteins, and humic substances, which are surface-active substances that act as potential biosurfactants. In this study, we investigated sludges (sludge 1 and sludge 2) from two different textile industries for EPS production. The results showed a maximum EPS yield of 179 mg/g-activated sludge from the wastewater from sludge 2. The EPS from textile wastewater activated sludge had a protein/carbohydrate ratio of 0.27-0.56, lower than that of municipal activated sludge. This difference is due to variations in nitrogen/carbon ratio in these wastewaters. Based on the biosurfactant activity test, EPS from both textile wastewaters could lower the water surface tension to around 60 mN/m and emulsify olive oil better than Tween 20 and 80. However, only EPS from sludge 2 showed better xylene emulsification than EPS from sludge 1 due to the difference in humic acid content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aulia Maulana
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesa 10, Bandung 40116, Indonesia
| | - Resa Setia Adiandri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesa 10, Bandung 40116, Indonesia; Indonesian Center for Agricultural Postharvest Research and Development, Jl. Tentara Pelajar 12, Bogor 16124, Indonesia.
| | - Ramaraj Boopathy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Nicholls State University, Thibodaux, LA 70310, USA
| | - Tjandra Setiadi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesa 10, Bandung 40116, Indonesia
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Liu Z, Zhou A, Duan Y, Wang S, Gao Y, Chen X, Cui Z, Guo Z, Yue X. Unraveling the behavior of nitrite on promoting short-chain fatty acids accumulation from waste activated sludge by peracetic acid pretreatment: Extracellular polymeric substance decomposition and underlying mechanism. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 841:156793. [PMID: 35728647 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Peracetic acid (PAA) is an emerging oxidant for waste activated sludge (WAS) treatment due to its strong oxidization and few toxic byproducts. Nitrite which can be in-situ recovered from WAS fermentation liquor, its protonated form (free nitrous acid, FNA) is regarded as the cost-effective inactivator. The stubborn extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) is the rate-limiting step for energy/resource recovery from WAS. This work found that the co-pretreatment of PAA and FNA can effectively promote short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production during anaerobic fermentation. Higher PAA dosage (100 mg/g VSS, FP4WAS) in co-pretreatment was beneficial for organics release (1976.9 mg COD/L), remarkably increased by 10.3- 96.5 % than that of low PAA dosage (25- 75 mg/g VSS), and promoted by 105.1 % and 62.1 % than FNA (FWAS)/PAA (100 mg/g VSS, P4WAS)-pretreated WAS. Effective release of soluble organics contributed to the SCFAs accumulation (7679 ± 86 mg COD/L, 4 d), enhanced by 200.0 % and 19.0 % than FWAS and P4WAS, respectively. Acetic (HAc) and propionic acid (HPr) peaked at 6344.7 mg COD/L in FP4WAS (accounted for 82.6 %), which increased by 10.6- 899.0 % than other groups. Moreover, OH and O2- were detected in co-pretreatment, may play the synchronous effect with the crucial intermediates of NO, NO2 and ONOO-/ONOOH on EPS decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Aijuan Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Yanqing Duan
- Department of Environment and Safety, Taiyuan Institute of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Sufang Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Yanjuan Gao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Xi Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Zhixuan Cui
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhengtong Guo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiuping Yue
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China; Shanxi Engineer Research Institute of Sludge Disposition and Resources, Taiyuan, China.
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5
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Current Trends in Biological Valorization of Waste-Derived Biomass: The Critical Role of VFAs to Fuel A Biorefinery. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8090445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The looming climate and energy crises, exacerbated by increased waste generation, are driving research and development of sustainable resource management systems. Research suggests that organic materials, such as food waste, grass, and manure, have potential for biotransformation into a range of products, including: high-value volatile fatty acids (VFAs); various carboxylic acids; bioenergy; and bioplastics. Valorizing these organic residues would additionally reduce the increasing burden on waste management systems. Here, we review the valorization potential of various sustainably sourced feedstocks, particularly food wastes and agricultural and animal residues. Such feedstocks are often micro-organism-rich and well-suited to mixed culture fermentations. Additionally, we touch on the technologies, mainly biological systems including anaerobic digestion, that are being developed for this purpose. In particular, we provide a synthesis of VFA recovery techniques, which remain a significant technological barrier. Furthermore, we highlight a range of challenges and opportunities which will continue to drive research and discovery within the field. Analysis of the literature reveals growing interest in the development of a circular bioeconomy, built upon a biorefinery framework, which utilizes biogenic VFAs for chemical, material, and energy applications.
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Identification and Evaluation of Determining Factors and Actors in the Management and Use of Biosolids through Prospective Analysis (MicMac and Mactor) and Social Networks. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14116840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The reuse of biosolids in agriculture and its inclusion within the circular economy model requires evaluating and analyzing factors that intervene in its management. The objective of the study was to analyze those factors that influence the management and use of biosolids. Fifty-three actors were questioned, and their answers were analyzed using two prospective methods and Social Network Analysis (SNA) identifying between 14 and 19 variables. Six should be prioritized due to their criticality and potential in management and reuse scenarios. It was observed that the formulation of objectives, such as the improvement of infrastructure, creation of an institutional policy, and the establishment of definitions for the kinds of biosolids, are opposed by internal agents. Seven key actors and four to six determining agents were identified in the scenarios. The network of management and use of biosolids in agriculture presented low density (0.28) and the exclusive action of three key actors. Consequently, the participation of a greater number of better-connected actors is required to project networks with a higher density (between 0.49 and 0.57), facilitating the diffusion of information and the inclusion of new actors not previously contemplated. The application of prospective and SNA methodologies focused on biosolids allows the prioritization of determinants, the evaluation of the level of involvement and communication between actors, and other aspects that have not been considered previously in the management of WWTPs in Colombia.
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Kumar Vaidyanathan V, Venkataraman S, Senthil Kumar P, Sri Rajendran D, Saikia K, Karanam Rathankumar A, Cabana H, Varjani S. Mycoremediation of lignocellulosic biorefinery sludge: A reinvigorating approach for organic contaminants remediation with simultaneous production of lignocellulolytic enzyme cocktail. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 351:127012. [PMID: 35306132 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This research work aims to valorize lignocellulosic biorefinery sludge with genetically engineered Trichoderma atroviride for simultaneous removal of organic contaminants, fermentation inhibitors, and lignocellulolytic enzyme cocktail production. Upon analysis, three phenolic compounds (42.6 ± 3.6 μg/g), two polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (0.42 ± 0.06 μg/g) and five fermentation inhibitors (2.5 ± 0.3 mg/g) were detected in the sludge. Bioaugmentation of sludge with 72 h-old T. atroviride (5%) results in the production of cellulase (21 U/g), xylanase (84 U/g), laccase (20 U/g), lignin peroxidase (14 U/g) and aryl alcohol oxidase (116 U/g), along with the concomitant removal of organic contaminants (phenol, 2, 4-dinitrophenol, pentchlorophenol, phenanthrene, benzo(a)pyrene) and fermentation inhibitors (furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, levulinic acid, ferulic acid, and catechol). Subsequently, the enrichment of sludge with nutrients and rhamnolipids enhanced the enzyme production by 5-6-fold and resulted in the removal of 85-95% of organic contaminants and fermentation inhibitors, which constitutes an eco-friendly process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinoth Kumar Vaidyanathan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603 203, India; University of Sherbrooke, Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Swethaa Venkataraman
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603 203, India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam 603 110, Chennai, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam 603 110, Chennai, India
| | - Devi Sri Rajendran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603 203, India
| | - Kongkona Saikia
- University of Sherbrooke, Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2R1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, FASH, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641021, India
| | - Abiram Karanam Rathankumar
- University of Sherbrooke, Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2R1, Canada; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641021, India
| | - Hubert Cabana
- University of Sherbrooke, Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382 010, India.
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8
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Abidli A, Huang Y, Ben Rejeb Z, Zaoui A, Park CB. Sustainable and efficient technologies for removal and recovery of toxic and valuable metals from wastewater: Recent progress, challenges, and future perspectives. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 292:133102. [PMID: 34914948 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Due to their numerous effects on human health and the natural environment, water contamination with heavy metals and metalloids, caused by their extensive use in various technologies and industrial applications, continues to be a huge ecological issue that needs to be urgently tackled. Additionally, within the circular economy management framework, the recovery and recycling of metals-based waste as high value-added products (VAPs) is of great interest, owing to their high cost and the continuous depletion of their reserves and natural sources. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art technologies developed for the removal and recovery of metal pollutants from wastewater by providing an in-depth understanding of their remediation mechanisms, while analyzing and critically discussing the recent key advances regarding these treatment methods, their practical implementation and integration, as well as evaluating their advantages and remaining limitations. Herein, various treatment techniques are covered, including adsorption, reduction/oxidation, ion exchange, membrane separation technologies, solvents extraction, chemical precipitation/co-precipitation, coagulation-flocculation, flotation, and bioremediation. A particular emphasis is placed on full recovery of the captured metal pollutants in various reusable forms as metal-based VAPs, mainly as solid precipitates, which is a powerful tool that offers substantial enhancement of the remediation processes' sustainability and cost-effectiveness. At the end, we have identified some prospective research directions for future work on this topic, while presenting some recommendations that can promote sustainability and economic feasibility of the existing treatment technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelnasser Abidli
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory (MPML), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada; Institute for Water Innovation (IWI), Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 55 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada.
| | - Yifeng Huang
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory (MPML), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada; Institute for Water Innovation (IWI), Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 55 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zeineb Ben Rejeb
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory (MPML), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Aniss Zaoui
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory (MPML), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Chul B Park
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory (MPML), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada; Institute for Water Innovation (IWI), Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 55 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada.
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Uthirakrishnan U, Godvin Sharmila V, Merrylin J, Adish Kumar S, Dharmadhas JS, Varjani S, Rajesh Banu J. Current advances and future outlook on pretreatment techniques to enhance biosolids disintegration and anaerobic digestion: A critical review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 288:132553. [PMID: 34653493 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Waste activated sludge (biosolids) treatment is intensely a major problem around the globe. Anaerobic treatment is indeed a fundamental and most popular approach to convert organic wastes into bioenergy, which could be used as a carbon-neutral renewable and clean energy thus eradicating pathogens and eliminating odor. Due to the sheer intricate biosolid matrix (such as exopolymeric substances) and rigid cell structure, hydrolysis becomes a rate-limiting phase. Numerous different pretreatment strategies were proposed to hasten this rate-limiting hydrolysis and enhance the productivity of anaerobic digestion. This study discusses an overview of previous scientific advances in pretreatment options for enhancing biogas production. In addition, the limitations addressed along with the effects of inhibitors in biosolids towards biogas production and strategies to overcome discussed. This review elaborated the cost analysis of various pretreatment methods towards the scale-up process. This review abridges the existing research on augmenting AD efficacy by recognizing the associated knowledge gaps and suggesting future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ushani Uthirakrishnan
- Department of Biotechnology, Karpaga Vinayaga College of Engineering and Technology, Chinnakolambakkam, Chengalpattu, 603308, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V Godvin Sharmila
- Department of Civil Engineering, Rohini College of Engineering and Technology, Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - J Merrylin
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Sarah Tucker College, Tirunelveli, 627002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Adish Kumar
- Department of Civil Engineering, University V.O.C College of Engineering, Anna University Thoothukudi Campus, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jeba Sweetly Dharmadhas
- Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, 641-021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382010, India
| | - J Rajesh Banu
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, 610005, India.
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Mittal M, Mittal D, Aggarwal NK. Plastic accumulation during COVID-19: call for another pandemic; bioplastic a step towards this challenge? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:11039-11053. [PMID: 35022970 PMCID: PMC8754557 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17792-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution has become a serious transboundary challenge to nature and human health, with estimation of reports published - predicting a twofold increase in plastic waste by 2030. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the excessive use of single-use plastics (including face masks, gloves and personal protective equipment) would possibly exacerbate such forecasts. The transition towards eco-friendly alternatives like bio-based plastics and new emerging sustainable technologies would be vital to deal with future pandemics, even though the use or consumption of plastics has greatly enhanced our quality of life; it is however critical to move towards bioplastics. We cannot deny the fact that bioplastics have some challenges and shortcomings, but still, it is an ideal option for opt. The circular economy is the need of the hour for waste management. Along with all these practices, individual accountability, corporate intervention and government policy are also needed to prevent us from moving from one crisis to the next. Only through cumulative efforts, we will be able to cope up with this problem. This article collected scattered information and data about accumulation of plastic during COVID-19 worldwide. Additionally, this paper illustrates the substitution of petroleum-based plastics with bio-based plastics. Different aspects are discussed, ranging from advantages to challenges in the way of bioplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahak Mittal
- Department of Microbiology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119, Haryana, India
| | - Divya Mittal
- Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed To Be University), Mullana, 133207, Haryana, India
| | - Neeraj K Aggarwal
- Department of Microbiology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119, Haryana, India.
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Marcal J, Bishop T, Hofman J, Shen J. From pollutant removal to resource recovery: A bibliometric analysis of municipal wastewater research in Europe. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 284:131267. [PMID: 34217935 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Municipal wastewaters are abundant low-strength streams that require adequate treatment and disposal to ensure public and environmental health. This study aims to provide a comprehensive summary of municipal wastewater research in Europe in the 2010s in the form of bibliometric analysis. The work was based on the Science Citation Index Expanded (Web of Science) and carried out using the R-package bibliometrix for bibliometric data analysis and the software VOSviewer for science mapping. Analysing a dataset of 5645 publications, we identified the most influential journals, countries, authors, institutions, and publications, and mapped the co-authorship and keyword co-occurrence networks. Spain had produced the most publications while Switzerland had the highest average citations per publication. China was the most collaborative country from outside of Europe. Analysis of the most cited articles revealed the popularity of micropollutant removal in European municipal wastewater research. The keyword analysis visualized a paradigm shift from pollutant removal towards resource recovery and circular economy. We found that current challenges of resource recovery from municipal wastewater come from both technical and non-technical (e.g., environmental, economic, and social) aspects. We also discussed future research opportunities that can tackle these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Marcal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK; Water Innovation and Research Centre (WIRC), University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Toby Bishop
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Jan Hofman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK; Water Innovation and Research Centre (WIRC), University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK; KWR Water Research Institute, PO Box 1072, 3430 BB, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - Junjie Shen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK; Water Innovation and Research Centre (WIRC), University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK; Centre for Advanced Separations Engineering (CASE), University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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12
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Management Strategies and Stakeholders Analysis to Strengthen the Management and Use of Biosolids in a Colombian Municipality. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132112180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The difficulties in the management and use of biosolids in Colombia make it necessary to evaluate and analyze the factors involved through various methodologies to achieve the effective management and recycling of this type of waste. The objective of this study was to evaluate the management of sludge and biosolids from a WWTP in a Colombian municipality through the application of three methodologies (SWOT/TOWS, surveys, and stakeholder (player) weighing) for their subsequent use in agriculture. As a result, strategies were proposed at the regulatory, organizational policy, and entity integration levels, among others. It was identified that about 93.6% of the people surveyed had a positive attitude towards the use of biosolids in agriculture, despite recognizing the existence of a risk (27.3%) in this type of practice. On the other hand, regarding the communication of WWTP management of these wastes, they perceived that it to be absent (65%) and the lack of knowledge regarding the destination of these wastes was even greater (72.7%). Through the weighting of actors, 16 players were classified with whom it is necessary to work closely, regularly, or occasionally. The methodologies proposed will allow similar WWTPs to optimize their processes through continuous improvement and joint work between the different entities and communities. It is recommended that other methodologies be used to evaluate player position level in relation to planned strategies, as well as the level of associations of one player with another, independent of power and influence.
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13
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Javourez U, O'Donohue M, Hamelin L. Waste-to-nutrition: a review of current and emerging conversion pathways. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 53:107857. [PMID: 34699952 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Residual biomass is acknowledged as a key sustainable feedstock for the transition towards circular and low fossil carbon economies to supply whether energy, chemical, material and food products or services. The latter is receiving increasing attention, in particular in the perspective of decoupling nutrition from arable land demand. In order to provide a comprehensive overview of the technical possibilities to convert residual biomasses into edible ingredients, we reviewed over 950 scientific and industrial records documenting existing and emerging waste-to-nutrition pathways, involving over 150 different feedstocks here grouped under 10 umbrella categories: (i) wood-related residual biomass, (ii) primary crop residues, (iii) manure, (iv) food waste, (v) sludge and wastewater, (vi) green residual biomass, (vii) slaughterhouse by-products, (viii) agrifood co-products, (ix) C1 gases and (x) others. The review includes a detailed description of these pathways, as well as the processes they involve. As a result, we proposed four generic building blocks to systematize waste-to-nutrition conversion sequence patterns, namely enhancement, cracking, extraction and bioconversion. We further introduce a multidimensional representation of the biomasses suitability as potential as nutritional sources according to (i) their content in anti-nutritional compounds, (ii) their degree of structural complexity and (iii) their concentration of macro- and micronutrients. Finally, we suggest that the different pathways can be grouped into eight large families of approaches: (i) insect biorefinery, (ii) green biorefinery, (iii) lignocellulosic biorefinery, (iv) non-soluble protein recovery, (v) gas-intermediate biorefinery, (vi) liquid substrate alternative, (vii) solid-substrate fermentation and (viii) more-out-of-slaughterhouse by-products. The proposed framework aims to support future research in waste recovery and valorization within food systems, along with stimulating reflections on the improvement of resources' cascading use.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Javourez
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - M O'Donohue
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - L Hamelin
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France.
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Castelo-Grande T, Augusto PA, Rico J, Marcos J, Iglesias R, Hernández L, Barbosa D. Magnetic water treatment in a wastewater treatment plant: Part I - sorption and magnetic particles. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 281:111872. [PMID: 33387738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The application of magnetic sorption to treat wastewaters is nowadays seen as a potential industrial method. In this work we apply magnetite particles to remediate real wastewater samples, with several contaminants competing for the same active sorption center at the same time. We also apply our studies at three different sampling points of a Wastewater Treatment Plant. In general terms, magnetite particles have shown a very good behaviour concerning the reduction of detergents and COD, while phosphates and total nitrogen, and the majority of heavy metals are high to moderately removed. The influence of the type of wastewater (i.e., sampling point) has also shown to be important especially for high concentration of contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Castelo-Grande
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo A Augusto
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Textil, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Plaza de Los Caídos, 1-5, 37008, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Javier Rico
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Textil, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Plaza de Los Caídos, 1-5, 37008, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jorge Marcos
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Textil, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Plaza de Los Caídos, 1-5, 37008, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Roberto Iglesias
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Textil, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Plaza de Los Caídos, 1-5, 37008, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Hernández
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Textil, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Plaza de Los Caídos, 1-5, 37008, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Domingos Barbosa
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
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Singh S, Sithole B, Lekha P, Permaul K, Govinden R. Optimization of cultivation medium and cyclic fed-batch fermentation strategy for enhanced polyhydroxyalkanoate production by Bacillus thuringiensis using a glucose-rich hydrolyzate. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2021; 8:11. [PMID: 38650248 PMCID: PMC10992944 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-021-00361-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of petrochemical plastic waste is detrimental to the environment. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are bacterial-derived polymers utilized for the production of bioplastics. PHA-plastics exhibit mechanical and thermal properties similar to conventional plastics. However, high production cost and obtaining high PHA yield and productivity impedes the widespread use of bioplastics. This study demonstrates the concept of cyclic fed-batch fermentation (CFBF) for enhanced PHA productivity by Bacillus thuringiensis using a glucose-rich hydrolyzate as the sole carbon source. The statistically optimized fermentation conditions used to obtain high cell density biomass (OD600 of 2.4175) were: 8.77 g L-1 yeast extract; 66.63% hydrolyzate (v/v); a fermentation pH of 7.18; and an incubation time of 27.22 h. The CFBF comprised three cycles of 29 h, 52 h, and 65 h, respectively. After the third cyclic event, cell biomass of 20.99 g L-1, PHA concentration of 14.28 g L-1, PHA yield of 68.03%, and PHA productivity of 0.219 g L-1 h-1 was achieved. This cyclic strategy yielded an almost threefold increase in biomass concentration and a fourfold increase in PHA concentration compared with batch fermentation. FTIR spectra of the extracted PHAs display prominent peaks at the wavelengths unique to PHAs. A copolymer was elucidated after the first cyclic event, whereas, after cycles CFBF 2-4, a terpolymer was noted. The PHAs obtained after CFBF cycle 3 have a slightly higher thermal stability compared with commercial PHB. The cyclic events decreased the melting temperature and degree of crystallinity of the PHAs. The approach used in this study demonstrates the possibility of coupling fermentation strategies with hydrolyzate derived from lignocellulosic waste as an alternative feedstock to obtain high cell density biomass and enhanced PHA productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarisha Singh
- Discipline of Microbiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban, South Africa.
| | - Bruce Sithole
- Biorefinery Industry Development Facility, Chemicals Cluster, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Durban, South Africa
- Discipline of Chemical Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Prabashni Lekha
- Biorefinery Industry Development Facility, Chemicals Cluster, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Durban, South Africa
| | - Kugenthiren Permaul
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Roshini Govinden
- Discipline of Microbiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban, South Africa
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Xu J, Li X, Gan L, Li X. Fermentation liquor of CaO 2 treated chemically enhanced primary sedimentation (CEPS) sludge for bioplastic biosynthesis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 644:547-555. [PMID: 29990904 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chemically enhanced primary sedimentation (CEPS) technology has been widely applied in Hong Kong, exhibiting excellent performance in contaminants removal from sewage. The generated CEPS sludge contains abundance of organics which could be recovered as volatile fatty acids (VFAs) by fermentation for further utilization. In this work, the effect of calcium peroxide (CaO2) on the fermentation of FeCl3 based CEPS sludge was investigated. The feasibility of utilizing the fermentation liquor as substrate for polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) biosynthesis was also evaluated. Results demonstrated that CaO2 addition facilitated the disintegration of CEPS sludge and enhanced VFAs production. The maximum VFAs yield of 455.8 mg COD/g VSS was obtained with the dosage of 0.1 g CaO2/g SS, improving by 44.7% compared with the control sludge. Acetic and propionic acid were the predominant components of the VFAs. Microbial analysis indicated that CaO2 induced microbial reduction of Fe(III), accelerating the initial disintegration of FeCl3 based CEPS sludge. Microbial communities with hydrolysis and acidogenesis functions were enriched effectively. CaO2 treatment had no significant influence on the release of ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), while reduced the concentration of orthophosphate (PO43--P) and ferrous (Fe2+) in fermentation liquor, that was beneficial to the further utilization as substrate for PHAs biosynthesis. The VFA-rich fermentation liquor was proved to be a suitable substrate for PHAs biosynthesis. After cultivation, the PHAs content in activated sludge reached 22.3%, which was comparable to those obtained using waste materials as carbon source. This integrated technology could be a superior alternative of realizing sludge disposal and bioplastic production simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xu
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiuyan Li
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihong Gan
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Environmental Engineering Research Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
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