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Gilstrap SR, Hobson JM, Dark HE, Gloston GF, Cody SL, Goodin BR, Thomas SJ. Disordered sleep and its association with academic performance and functioning. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2023; 21:113-123. [PMID: 38468910 PMCID: PMC10900013 DOI: 10.1007/s41105-022-00423-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Sleep disorders are prevalent among college students and are associated with poor academic performance. Few studies have included a clinical interview to comprehensively assess sleep disorder diagnostic criteria or assessed academic functioning (e.g., class attendance). College students (n = 277) were recruited to complete sleep questionnaires, a sleep diary for two weeks and, if indicated, a semi-structured clinical interview. Based on questionnaire data, students were categorized as being at risk versus not at risk for a sleep disorder. Based on the semi-structured clinical interview, students were categorized as meeting versus not meeting diagnostic criteria for a sleep disorder. Academic performance and functioning were assessed in all students to determine the association between the presence of sleep disorders and academic performance and functioning. In models adjusted for age, sex, race, and credit hours completed, students at risk for a sleep disorder (38.6% of the sample) reported missing more classes due to oversleeping (p = 0.001) and illness (p = 0.014), and fell asleep in class more often (p = 0.030) than their peers not at risk. Students with a sleep disorder (24.8% of the sample) reported missing more classes due to illness (p = 0.024) than those without a sleep disorder. There were no differences in grade point average between students at risk versus not at risk or with versus without a sleep disorder. Sleep disorder symptoms and diagnoses were significantly associated with worse academic functioning but not performance. Assessment and treatment of sleep disorders early in college students' career may be important for optimal academic functioning. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s41105-022-00423-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. R. Gilstrap
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - J. M. Hobson
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - H. E. Dark
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - G. F. Gloston
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - S. L. Cody
- Capstone College of Nursing, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL USA
| | - B. R. Goodin
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - S. J. Thomas
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, SC1010, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294-0017 USA
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Aljasem AA, Alsahafi WM, Aljubour AA, Alobaid AA, Binsaeed AA, Alshamoosi MS, Alsadoon RA, Alasmari YA, Khalifa AFM. Sleep pattern and dozing chance among university students. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 9:6249-6253. [PMID: 33681072 PMCID: PMC7928132 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_941_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sleep is defined as a naturally occurring state of the body within a relatively inhibited sensory activity, reduced metabolic rate and decreased interaction with the surrounding. Impaired sleep affects students’ productivity, this area is not fully covered in the literature. Objectives: To assess sleep patterns and dozing chance among university students. Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study, a sample of 145 male university students from Almaarefa University aged between 19 and 27 years old, chosen randomly. A self-administered questionnaire developed specifically for this study after consulting literature and epidemiologist. It includes data about the Epworth Sleepiness scale and GPA. Data were analyzed using (SPSS, version 22.0) and (P values of ≤0.05) considered significant. The consent was obtained before data collection. Results: The majority of respondents (62, 1%) reported sleeping time of 5-8 hours per night. To fall asleep at night 13, 1% of participants indicated needing soporific. Overall, only 36, 6% of students showed good sleep behaviors. Among respondents (44, 1%) had moderate chances of dozing and 2, 8% had high chances of dozing, There was no significant statistical relationship between academic performance and bedtime (P-value = 0,231). Conclusion: The majority of respondents had poor sleep quality and moderate to high dosing chance, also, most of the participants go to bed after midnight. In addition, one fifth of participants reported sleeping less than 8 hour per day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah A Aljasem
- Medical Intern, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waseem M Alsahafi
- Medical Intern, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad A Aljubour
- Medical Intern, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Alobaid
- Medical Intern, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Binsaeed
- Medical Intern, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Rsheed A Alsadoon
- Medical Intern, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yaser A Alasmari
- Medical Intern, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amar F M Khalifa
- Assistant Professor of Community Medicine, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah, Saudi Arabia
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Quality of Sleep and Its Correlates among Yemeni Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. SLEEP DISORDERS 2021; 2021:8887870. [PMID: 33542840 PMCID: PMC7841446 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8887870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Sleep disturbance is particularly common among medical students worldwide and affects their wellbeing and academic performance. However, little is known about this issue in Yemen. This study looks at sleep quality and its association with personal and life-style factors and self-reported academic performance among medical students at the largest Yemeni university. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted at Sana'a University, Yemen, in 2017. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), consisting of 19 items and 7 components (score range = 0‐3), was used to assess sleep quality. The summation of the components' scores yields the global PSQI score (range = 0‐21). A global PSQI value higher than 5 indicates poor quality of sleep. Logistic regression was applied to look at relationships. Results 240 male (41%) and female (59%) medical students took part in the study with 54% being preclinical and 46% clinical with an average age of 23.3 years (SD = 1.7). The mean global score (SD) was 6.85 (2.8), and 68% of the students (N = 163) were identified as poor sleepers. The mean global PSQI score (SD) and proportion of poor sleepers were higher among males (7.7 (2.8) and 81%, respectively) than females (6.27 (2.42) and 59.2%, respectively), p ≤ 0.001. Good sleep quality was more likely (OR (95% CI)) among females (3.4 (1.3-8.8)), the unmarried (2.8 (1-7.8)), those in good health (2.3 (1.1-4.5)), and nonkhat chewers (4.9 (1.4-17.1)). Nonsmokers were less likely to have good quality sleep compared to occasional smokers (0.185 (0.071-.485)). Stress (30%) and academic workload (21%) were the most commonly reported causes of poor sleep quality. Almost two-thirds of the students (65%) mentioned that disturbed sleep undermined their academic performance. Conclusions Poor sleep quality is common among Sana'a medical students and impacts their academic performance. Specific stress management and sleep hygiene promoting programs should be incorporated early on in medical education.
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Albasheer OB, Al Bahhawi T, A Ryani M, Arishi AM, Mohammed Hakami O, Mohsen Maashi S, Khairat Al-Khairat H, Alganmy OM, Adnan Sahal Y, Aaref Sharif A, Mahfouz MS. Prevalence of insomnia and relationship with depression, anxiety and stress among Jazan University students: A cross-sectional study. COGENT PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2020.1789424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Osama B. Albasheer
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Al Bahhawi
- Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed A Ryani
- Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Othman Mohammed Hakami
- Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Instituto De Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sultan Mohsen Maashi
- Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Instituto De Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hamood Khairat Al-Khairat
- Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Instituto De Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Omar Madiny Alganmy
- Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Instituto De Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yasir Adnan Sahal
- Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Instituto De Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Abdulaziz Aaref Sharif
- Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Instituto De Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mohamed Salih Mahfouz
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Validation of the Arabic Version of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale among the Yemeni Medical Students. SLEEP DISORDERS 2020; 2020:6760505. [PMID: 32190388 PMCID: PMC7071801 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6760505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The study was conducted with the aim to assess the psychometric measures of an adapted Arabic version of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) among medical students at Sana'a University, Yemen. The cross-sectional study targeted 360 students (males: 176; females: 184) from the preclinical 3rd year (N: 197) and the final clinical year (N: 163). Participants self-filled an Arabic and slightly modified version of the 8-item Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Exploratory Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFA) were conducted on two equal subsets of the sample (N: 180 each). The PCA yielded a two-dimension model subsequently confirmed by factor analysis. The first dimension was grouped on three items while the second dimension had five items reflecting the respondents' propensity to sleep during “interactive situations” and “sitting and lying,” respectively. The model had an acceptable goodness of fit measures for the overall ESS (CMINDF = 2.362, CFI = 0.91, IFI = 0.92) and acceptable reliability indicators (factor 1 α = 0.65, factor 2 α = 0.62). However, due to weak variance explanation (0.07) of item 6 (sitting and talking) in factor 1, analysis was repeated excluding this item. The 7-item model was also two-dimensional, valid, and reliable. The reliability indicators were acceptable with α = 0.65 for factor 1 (4 items of interactive situations) and 0.62 for factor 2 (3 items of sitting) and overall α = 0.68. Overall, the ESS is a useful tool. Factor analysis produced a two-factor model of 7 items with good validity and reasonable reliability that can be used in diagnosing daytime sleepiness among young Yemeni adults.
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Alsaeiti K, El Sahly R, Ahmed A, Amer SA. Assessment of insomnia and sleep quality among medical students-benghazi university: A cross-sectional study. APOLLO MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/am.am_22_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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El Hangouche AJ, Jniene A, Aboudrar S, Errguig L, Rkain H, Cherti M, Dakka T. Relationship between poor quality sleep, excessive daytime sleepiness and low academic performance in medical students. ADVANCES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE 2018; 9:631-638. [PMID: 30233270 PMCID: PMC6135210 DOI: 10.2147/amep.s162350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Poor quality of sleep and excessive daytime sleepiness affect cognitive ability and have a negative impact on the academic performance of medical students. This study aims to determine the prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness, sleep quality and psychological distress as well as assess their association with low academic performance in this population. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 457 medical students from the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Morocco, who completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale to determine the quality of sleep and excessive daytime sleepiness, respectively. Sociodemographic variables and psychological distress (Kessler Psychological Distress Scale) were also measured. Multivariate linear regression was performed in order to evaluate the link between low academic performance and sleep quality after adjusting for other covariates. RESULTS Among the included students, the median age was 20 (19; 21) years; 70.7% of the participants were females. Almost one-third of the students (36.6%) had excessive daytime sleepiness and this was more frequently observed in female students (43% vs 20.1%, <0.001). Furthermore, 58.2% of the students were poor sleepers (PSQI ≥5), while 86.4% of them had psychological distress. The bivariate analysis showed that psychological distress was associated with decreased risk of low performance (ß=0.04; 95% CI=0.005-0.07; P=0.024). Being a poor sleeper was statistically associated with poor academic performance (ß= -0.07; 95% CI=-0.14 to -0.002; P=0.04) in the multivariate analysis. In our study, daytime sleepiness was not statistically associated with academic performance. CONCLUSION A poor sleep quality determined by PSQI ≥5 was related to poor academic achievement at the end of the study year in medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelkader Jalil El Hangouche
- Exercise Physiology and Autonomic Nervous System Team "EPE-SNA", Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Mohamed V University, Rabat, Morocco,
- Department of Cardiology, Ibn Sina Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Mohamed V University, Rabat, Morocco,
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tangier, Morocco,
| | - Asmaa Jniene
- Exercise Physiology and Autonomic Nervous System Team "EPE-SNA", Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Mohamed V University, Rabat, Morocco,
| | - Souad Aboudrar
- Exercise Physiology and Autonomic Nervous System Team "EPE-SNA", Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Mohamed V University, Rabat, Morocco,
| | - Leila Errguig
- Exercise Physiology and Autonomic Nervous System Team "EPE-SNA", Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Mohamed V University, Rabat, Morocco,
| | - Hanan Rkain
- Exercise Physiology and Autonomic Nervous System Team "EPE-SNA", Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Mohamed V University, Rabat, Morocco,
| | - Mohammed Cherti
- Department of Cardiology, Ibn Sina Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Mohamed V University, Rabat, Morocco,
| | - Taoufiq Dakka
- Exercise Physiology and Autonomic Nervous System Team "EPE-SNA", Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Mohamed V University, Rabat, Morocco,
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Insomnia and Its Temporal Association with Academic Performance among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:2542367. [PMID: 28752093 PMCID: PMC5511682 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2542367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies show that 9.4% to 38.2% of university students are suffering from insomnia. However, research data in developing countries is limited. Thus, the aim of the study was to assess insomnia and its temporal association with academic performance. METHODS AND MATERIALS Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted with 388 students at Debre Berhan University. Data were collected at the nine colleges. Logistic and linear regression analysis was performed for modeling insomnia and academic performance with a p value threshold of 0.05, respectively. Data were entered using EPI-data version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. RESULTS The prevalence of insomnia was 61.6%. Field of study (p value = 0.01), worshiping frequency (p value = 0.048), marital status (p value = 0.03), and common mental disorder (p value < 0.001) were identified associated factors of insomnia. There was no significant association between insomnia and academic performance (p value = 0.53, β = -0.04). Insomnia explained 1.2% (r2 = 0.012) of the difference in academic performance between students. CONCLUSIONS Nearly 3 out of 5 students had insomnia. We recommended that universities would endorse sleep quality and mental health illness screening programs for students.
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Kaur G, Singh A. Excessive daytime sleepiness and its pattern among Indian college students. Sleep Med 2016; 29:23-28. [PMID: 28153211 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2016.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and pattern of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDTS) in Indian college students. This was a cross-sectional study that was conducted among 1215 undergraduate students, using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and a sociodemographic survey. A high proportion (45%) of EDTS was observed, and the problem was significantly greater in participants from professional courses. A probability of association of EDTS with coffee/tea consumption, alcohol consumption and smoking was also observed in the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurjeet Kaur
- Department of Public Health and Hospital Administration, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, District Sirmaur, Himachal Pardesh, India.
| | - Amarjeet Singh
- School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Springer SP, Hogan L. Letters. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2015; 79:159. [PMID: 26889071 PMCID: PMC4749907 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe7910159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Linda Hogan
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center St. Margaret
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Cates ME, Clark A, Woolley TW, Saunders A. Sleep quality among pharmacy students. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2015; 79:09. [PMID: 25741025 PMCID: PMC4346821 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe79109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the quality of sleep among pharmacy students in the didactic portion of the curriculum at one school of pharmacy. METHODS The study consisted of an anonymous, voluntary survey that included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), a self-rated instrument that measures sleep habits for a month. RESULTS The survey was completed by 253 students. Students in the lower grade point average (GPA) category had higher scores on 2 of 7 components of the PSQI and on the global score. Poor sleep quality, indicated by a global PSQI score of greater than 5, was reported by 140 students. The rate of poor sleeping was higher among students in the lower GPA category. CONCLUSION Poor sleep quality was pervasive among surveyed pharmacy students in the didactic portion of the pharmacy school curriculum, especially among those with lower GPAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marshall E. Cates
- Samford University McWhorter School of Pharmacy, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Andraya Clark
- Ireland Army Community Hospital, Fort Knox, Kentucky
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Huang CF, Yang LY, Wu LM, Liu Y, Chen HM. Determinants of daytime sleepiness in first-year nursing students: a questionnaire survey. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2014; 34:1048-1053. [PMID: 24274969 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Daytime sleepiness may affect student learning achievement. Research studies have found that daytime sleepiness is common in university students; however, information regarding the determinants of daytime sleepiness in this population is still lacking. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the determinants of daytime sleepiness in first-year nursing students. In particular, we looked for the relationship between perceived symptoms, nocturnal sleep quality, and daytime sleepiness. DESIGN A cross-sectional and correlational design was employed. PARTICIPANTS AND METHOD Participants were recruited from two nursing programs at an institute of technology located in southern Taiwan. Ninety-three nursing students completed the questionnaires one month after enrollment into their program. RESULTS Approximately 35% of the participants experienced excessive daytime sleepiness at the beginning of the semester. Six variables (joining a student club, perceived symptoms, daytime dysfunction, sleep disturbances, sleep latency, and subjective sleep quality) were significantly correlated with daytime sleepiness. Among them, daytime dysfunction and perceived symptoms were two major determinants of daytime sleepiness, both accounting for 37.2% of the variance. CONCLUSIONS Daytime sleepiness in students should not be ignored. It is necessary to help first-year students identify and mitigate physical and psychological symptoms early on, as well as improve daytime functioning, to maintain their daytime performance and promote learning achievement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Feng Huang
- Chang Gung University of Science and Technology at Chiayi Campus, 2, W. Sec., Jiapu Rd., Puzi City, Chiayi County 61363, Taiwan; School of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Rd, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Yu Yang
- School of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Rd, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Min Wu
- School of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Rd, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Rd, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Hsing-Mei Chen
- Department of Nursing, National Cheng Kung University, 1, University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
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Taher YA, Samud AM, Ratimy AH, Seabe AM. Sleep complaints and daytime sleepiness among pharmaceutical students in Tripoli. Libyan J Med 2012; 7:18930. [PMID: 23118811 PMCID: PMC3485400 DOI: 10.3402/ljm.v7i0.18930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The effect of sleep difficulties has achieved a great deal of attention recently, with university students considered as a homogenized population, particularly affected by sleep habits. Aim The objective of this study was to investigate whether Libyan college students experience sleep disturbance during their academic programmes. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in the college of Pharmacy, Tripoli University, during February 2010. A total of 201 students, including 179 females (89.05%) and 22 males (10.95%), were recruited from different academic levels. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and included a number of life-style variables. Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) was used for the assessment of daytime sleepiness. Results This study showed that the total sleep time (TST) on a weeknight was 6.40 h and 67 students reported napping during daytime. The TST plus naps totalled 7.39 h. Out of eight possible dozing situations, we found that the mean score for ESS was 8.78. In addition, 79 students showed an ESS score of >10. Furthermore, our results showed that the majority of students (>92%) reported poor sleep satisfaction with quality and duration of sleep hours. Thinking about difficulty of study but not increasing education programs or tea/coffee consumption is associated with sleep difficulties reported. Moreover, 77.6% of students reported an irregular sleep–wake schedule. Conclusion These findings indicate that students experienced excessive daytime sleepiness. The TST of pharmaceutical students in Libya, as in other developing countries, is less than those reported by Western students. Students experienced various environmental demands during their college years and, their quality of sleep was negatively affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef A Taher
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tripoli University, Tripoli, Libya
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