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Shang KM, Kato H, Gonzalez N, Kandeel F, Tai YC, Komatsu H. A novel approach to determine the critical survival threshold of cellular oxygen within spheroids via integrating live/dead cell imaging with oxygen modeling. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C1262-C1271. [PMID: 38497111 PMCID: PMC11193515 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00024.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Defining the oxygen level that induces cell death within 3-D tissues is vital for understanding tissue hypoxia; however, obtaining accurate measurements has been technically challenging. In this study, we introduce a noninvasive, high-throughput methodology to quantify critical survival partial oxygen pressure (pO2) with high spatial resolution within spheroids by using a combination of controlled hypoxic conditions, semiautomated live/dead cell imaging, and computational oxygen modeling. The oxygen-permeable, micropyramid patterned culture plates created a precisely controlled oxygen condition around the individual spheroid. Live/dead cell imaging provided the geometric information of the live/dead boundary within spheroids. Finally, computational oxygen modeling calculated the pO2 at the live/dead boundary within spheroids. As proof of concept, we determined the critical survival pO2 in two types of spheroids: isolated primary pancreatic islets and tumor-derived pseudoislets (2.43 ± 0.08 vs. 0.84 ± 0.04 mmHg), indicating higher hypoxia tolerance in pseudoislets due to their tumorigenic origin. We also applied this method for evaluating graft survival in cell transplantations for diabetes therapy, where hypoxia is a critical barrier to successful transplantation outcomes; thus, designing oxygenation strategies is required. Based on the elucidated critical survival pO2, 100% viability could be maintained in a typically sized primary islet under the tissue pO2 above 14.5 mmHg. This work presents a valuable tool that is potentially instrumental for fundamental hypoxia research. It offers insights into physiological responses to hypoxia among different cell types and may refine translational research in cell therapies.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our study introduces an innovative combinatory approach for noninvasively determining the critical survival oxygen level of cells within small cell spheroids, which replicates a 3-D tissue environment, by seamlessly integrating three pivotal techniques: cell death induction under controlled oxygen conditions, semiautomated imaging that precisely identifies live/dead cells, and computational modeling of oxygen distribution. Notably, our method ensures high-throughput analysis applicable to various cell types, offering a versatile solution for researchers in diverse fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Ming Shang
- Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States
| | - Hiroyuki Kato
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States
| | - Nelson Gonzalez
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States
| | - Fouad Kandeel
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States
| | - Yu-Chong Tai
- Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States
| | - Hirotake Komatsu
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States
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2
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Hai Y, Ren K, Zhang Y, Yang L, Cao H, Yuan X, Su L, Li H, Feng X, Liu D. HIF-1α serves as a co-linker between AD and T2DM. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116158. [PMID: 38242039 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related brain deterioration is linked to the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) features hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance. Hypoxia as a common risk factor for both AD and T2DM. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) acts as the main regulator of the hypoxia response and may be a key target in the comorbidity of AD and T2DM. HIF-1α expression is closely related to hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and inflammation. Tissue oxygen consumption disrupts HIF-1α homeostasis, leading to increased reactive oxygen species levels and the inhibition of insulin receptor pathway activity, causing neuroinflammation, insulin resistance, abnormal Aβ deposition, and tau hyperphosphorylation. HIF-1α activation also leads to the deposition of Aβ by promoting the abnormal shearing of amyloid precursor protein and inhibiting the degradation of Aβ, and it promotes tau hyperphosphorylation by activating oxidative stress and the activation of astrocytes, which further exasperates AD. Therefore, we believe that HIF-α has great potential as a target for the treatment of AD. Importantly, the intracellular homeostasis of HIF-1α is a more crucial factor than its expression level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hai
- Scientific Research and Experimental Center, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Dunhuang Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China.
| | - Ke Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Yarong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Lili Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Haoshi Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Xianxia Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Linling Su
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Hailong Li
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Feng
- Scientific Research and Experimental Center, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Dunhuang Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Dongling Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China; Northwest Collaborative Innovation Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China; Gansu Pharmaceutical Industry Innovation Research Institute, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China.
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3
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Engin A. Adipose Tissue Hypoxia in Obesity: Clinical Reappraisal of Hypoxia Hypothesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1460:329-356. [PMID: 39287857 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-63657-8_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Obese subjects exhibit lower adipose tissue oxygen consumption in accordance with the lower adipose tissue blood flow. Thereby, compared to lean subjects, obese individuals have almost half lower capillary density and more than half lower vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The VEGF expression together with hypoxia-inducible transcription factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) activity also requires phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-mediated signaling. Especially HIF-1α is an important signaling molecule for hypoxia to induce the inflammatory responses. Hypoxia contributes to several biological functions, such as angiogenesis, cell proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, and insulin resistance (IR). Pathogenesis of obesity-related comorbidities is attributed to intermittent hypoxia (IH), which is mostly observed in visceral obesity. Proinflammatory phenotype of the adipose tissue is a crucial link between IH and the development of IR. Inhibition of adaptive unfolded protein response (UPR) in hypoxia increases β cell death. Moreover, deletion of HIF-1α worsens β cell function. Oxidative stress, as well as the release of proinflammatory cytokines/adipokines in obesity, is proportional to the severity of IH. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation at mitochondria is responsible for propagation of the hypoxic signal; however, mitochondrial ROS production is required for hypoxic HIF-1α protein stabilization. Alterations in oxygen availability of adipose tissue directly affect the macrophage polarization and are responsible for the dysregulated adipocytokines production in obesity. Hypoxia both inhibits adipocyte differentiation from preadipocytes and macrophage migration from the hypoxic adipose tissue. Upon reaching a hypertrophic threshold beyond the adipocyte fat loading capacity, excess extracellular matrix (ECM) components are deposited, causing fibrosis. HIF-1α initiates the whole pathological process of fibrosis and inflammation in the obese adipose tissue. In addition to stressed adipocytes, hypoxia contributes to immune cell migration and activation which further aggravates adipose tissue fibrosis. Therefore, targeting HIF-1α might be an efficient way to suppress hypoxia-induced pathological changes in the ECM. The fibrosis score of adipose tissue correlates negatively with the body mass index and metabolic parameters. Inducers of browning/beiging adipocytes and adipokines, as well as modulations of matrix remodeling enzyme inhibitors, and associated gene regulators, are potential pharmacological targets for treating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atilla Engin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey.
- Mustafa Kemal Mah. 2137. Sok. 8/14, 06520, Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey.
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4
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Lee I, Surendran A, Fleury S, Gimino I, Curtiss A, Fell C, Shiwarski DJ, Refy O, Rothrock B, Jo S, Schwartzkopff T, Mehta AS, Wang Y, Sipe A, John S, Ji X, Nikiforidis G, Feinberg AW, Hester J, Weber DJ, Veiseh O, Rivnay J, Cohen-Karni T. Electrocatalytic on-site oxygenation for transplanted cell-based-therapies. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7019. [PMID: 37945597 PMCID: PMC10636048 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42697-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Implantable cell therapies and tissue transplants require sufficient oxygen supply to function and are limited by a delay or lack of vascularization from the transplant host. Previous exogenous oxygenation strategies have been bulky and had limited oxygen production or regulation. Here, we show an electrocatalytic approach that enables bioelectronic control of oxygen generation in complex cellular environments to sustain engineered cell viability and therapy under hypoxic stress and at high cell densities. We find that nanostructured sputtered iridium oxide serves as an ideal catalyst for oxygen evolution reaction at neutral pH. We demonstrate that this approach exhibits a lower oxygenation onset and selective oxygen production without evolution of toxic byproducts. We show that this electrocatalytic on site oxygenator can sustain high cell loadings (>60k cells/mm3) in hypoxic conditions in vitro and in vivo. Our results showcase that exogenous oxygen production devices can be readily integrated into bioelectronic platforms, enabling high cell loadings in smaller devices with broad applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inkyu Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Abhijith Surendran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Samantha Fleury
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ian Gimino
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alexander Curtiss
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Cody Fell
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel J Shiwarski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Omar Refy
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Blaine Rothrock
- Department of Computer Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Seonghan Jo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tim Schwartzkopff
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Abijeet Singh Mehta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Yingqiao Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Adam Sipe
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Sharon John
- Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xudong Ji
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Georgios Nikiforidis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Adam W Feinberg
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Josiah Hester
- Interactive Computing and Computer Science, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Douglas J Weber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Omid Veiseh
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan Rivnay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
| | - Tzahi Cohen-Karni
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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5
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Barachini S, Biso L, Kolachalam S, Petrini I, Maggio R, Scarselli M, Longoni B. Mesenchymal Stem Cell in Pancreatic Islet Transplantation. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051426. [PMID: 37239097 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic islet transplantation is a therapeutic option for achieving physiologic regulation of plasma glucose in Type 1 diabetic patients. At the same time, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have demonstrated their potential in controlling graft rejection, the most fearsome complication in organ/tissue transplantation. MSCs can interact with innate and adaptive immune system cells either through direct cell-cell contact or through their secretome including exosomes. In this review, we discuss current findings regarding the graft microenvironment of pancreatic islet recipient patients and the crucial role of MSCs operation as cell managers able to control the immune system to prevent rejection and promote endogenous repair. We also discuss how challenging stressors, such as oxidative stress and impaired vasculogenesis, may jeopardize graft outcomes. In order to face these adverse conditions, we consider either hypoxia-exposure preconditioning of MSCs or human stem cells with angiogenic potential in organoids to overcome islets' lack of vasculature. Along with the shepherding of carbon nanotubes-loaded MSCs to the transplantation site by a magnetic field, these studies look forward to exploiting MSCs stemness and their immunomodulatory properties in pancreatic islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Barachini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Letizia Biso
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Shivakumar Kolachalam
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Aseptic Pharmacy, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W6 8RF, UK
| | - Iacopo Petrini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Maggio
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Marco Scarselli
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Biancamaria Longoni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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6
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Kale A, Rogers NM. No Time to Die-How Islets Meet Their Demise in Transplantation. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050796. [PMID: 36899932 PMCID: PMC10000424 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Islet transplantation represents an effective treatment for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and severe hypoglycaemia unawareness, capable of circumventing impaired counterregulatory pathways that no longer provide protection against low blood glucose levels. The additional beneficial effect of normalizing metabolic glycaemic control is the minimisation of further complications related to T1DM and insulin administration. However, patients require allogeneic islets from up to three donors, and the long-term insulin independence is inferior to that achieved with solid organ (whole pancreas) transplantation. This is likely due to the fragility of islets caused by the isolation process, innate immune responses following portal infusion, auto- and allo-immune-mediated destruction and β-cell exhaustion following transplantation. This review covers the specific challenges related to islet vulnerability and dysfunction that affect long-term cell survival following transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atharva Kale
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Natasha M. Rogers
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Renal and Transplant Unit, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Correspondence:
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7
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David BT, Curtin JJ, Brown JL, Scorpio K, Kandaswamy V, Coutts DJC, Vivinetto A, Bianchimano P, Karuppagounder SS, Metcalfe M, Cave JW, Hill CE. Temporary induction of hypoxic adaptations by preconditioning fails to enhance Schwann cell transplant survival after spinal cord injury. Glia 2023; 71:648-666. [PMID: 36565279 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic preconditioning is protective in multiple models of injury and disease, but whether it is beneficial for cells transplanted into sites of spinal cord injury (SCI) is largely unexplored. In this study, we analyzed whether hypoxia-related preconditioning protected Schwann cells (SCs) transplanted into the contused thoracic rat spinal cord. Hypoxic preconditioning was induced in SCs prior to transplantation by exposure to either low oxygen (1% O2 ) or pharmacological agents (deferoxamine or adaptaquin). All preconditioning approaches induced hypoxic adaptations, including increased expression of HIF-1α and its target genes. These adaptations, however, were transient and resolved within 24 h of transplantation. Pharmacological preconditioning attenuated spinal cord oxidative stress and enhanced transplant vascularization, but it did not improve either transplanted cell survival or recovery of sensory or motor function. Together, these experiments show that hypoxia-related preconditioning is ineffective at augmenting either cell survival or the functional outcomes of SC-SCI transplants. They also reveal that the benefits of hypoxia-related adaptations induced by preconditioning for cell transplant therapies are not universal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T David
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, New York, USA.,The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Jessica J Curtin
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, New York, USA.,The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Jennifer L Brown
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, New York, USA.,The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Kerri Scorpio
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, New York, USA.,The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Veena Kandaswamy
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, New York, USA.,The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - David J C Coutts
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, New York, USA.,The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Ana Vivinetto
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, New York, USA.,The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Paola Bianchimano
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, New York, USA.,The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Saravanan S Karuppagounder
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, New York, USA.,The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Mariajose Metcalfe
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, New York, USA.,The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - John W Cave
- InVitro Cell Research, LLC, Englewood, New Jersey, USA
| | - Caitlin E Hill
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, New York, USA.,The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA.,Neural Stem Cell Institute, Rensselaer, New York, USA
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8
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Cell Replacement Therapy for Type 1 Diabetes Patients: Potential Mechanisms Leading to Stem-Cell-Derived Pancreatic β-Cell Loss upon Transplant. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050698. [PMID: 36899834 PMCID: PMC10000642 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell replacement therapy using stem-cell-derived insulin-producing β-like cells (sBCs) has been proposed as a practical cure for patients with type one diabetes (T1D). sBCs can correct diabetes in preclinical animal models, demonstrating the promise of this stem cell-based approach. However, in vivo studies have demonstrated that most sBCs, similarly to cadaveric human islets, are lost upon transplantation due to ischemia and other unknown mechanisms. Hence, there is a critical knowledge gap in the current field concerning the fate of sBCs upon engraftment. Here we review, discuss effects, and propose additional potential mechanisms that could contribute toward β-cell loss in vivo. We summarize and highlight some of the literature on phenotypic loss in β-cells under both steady, stressed, and diseased diabetic conditions. Specifically, we focus on β-cell death, dedifferentiation into progenitors, trans-differentiation into other hormone-expressing cells, and/or interconversion into less functional β-cell subtypes as potential mechanisms. While current cell replacement therapy efforts employing sBCs carry great promise as an abundant cell source, addressing the somewhat neglected aspect of β-cell loss in vivo will further accelerate sBC transplantation as a promising therapeutic modality that could significantly enhance the life quality of T1D patients.
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9
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Sayed TS, Maayah ZH, Zeidan HA, Agouni A, Korashy HM. Insight into the physiological and pathological roles of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway in glucose homeostasis, insulin resistance, and diabetes development. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:103. [PMID: 36418969 PMCID: PMC9682773 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00397-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcriptional factor that mediates the toxicities of several environmental pollutants. Decades of research have been carried out to understand the role of AhR as a novel mechanism for disease development. Its involvement in the pathogenesis of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus have long been known. One of the current hot research topics is investigating the role of AhR activation by environmental pollutants on glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion, and hence the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. To date, epidemiological studies have suggested that persistent exposure to environmental contaminants such as dioxins, with subsequent AhR activation increases the risk of specific comorbidities such as obesity and diabetes. The importance of AhR signaling in various molecular pathways highlights that the role of this receptor is far beyond just xenobiotic metabolism. The present review aims at providing significant insight into the physiological and pathological role of AhR and its regulated enzymes, such as cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) and CYP1B1 in both types of diabetes. It also provides a comprehensive summary of the current findings of recent research studies investigating the role of the AhR/CYP1A1 pathway in insulin secretion and glucose hemostasis in the pancreas, liver, and adipose tissues. This review further highlights the molecular mechanisms involved, such as gluconeogenesis, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), oxidative stress, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahseen S. Sayed
- grid.412603.20000 0004 0634 1084Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Zaid H. Maayah
- grid.412603.20000 0004 0634 1084Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Heba A. Zeidan
- grid.498552.70000 0004 0409 8340American School of Doha, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdelali Agouni
- grid.412603.20000 0004 0634 1084Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hesham M. Korashy
- grid.412603.20000 0004 0634 1084Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar
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10
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Brandhorst D, Brandhorst H, Acreman S, Johnson PRV. The ischaemic preconditioning paradox and its implications for islet isolation from heart-beating and non heart-beating donors. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19321. [PMID: 36369239 PMCID: PMC9652462 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23862-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of ischaemia can severely damage procured donor organs for transplantation. The pancreas, and pancreatic islets in particular, is one of the most sensitive tissues towards hypoxia. The present study was aimed to assess the effect of hypoxic preconditioning (HP) performed ex-vivo in islets isolated from heart-beating donor (HBD) and non heart-beating donor (NHBD) rats. After HP purified islets were cultured for 24 h in hypoxia followed by islet characterisation. Post-culture islet yields were significantly lower in sham-treated NHBD than in HBD. This difference was reduced when NHBD islets were preconditioned. Similar results were observed regarding viability, apoptosis and in vitro function. Reactive oxygen species generation after hypoxic culture was significantly enhanced in sham-treated NHBD than in HBD islets. Again, this difference could be diminished through HP. qRT-PCR revealed that HP decreases pro-apoptotic genes but increases HIF-1 and VEGF. However, the extent of reduction and augmentation was always substantially higher in preconditioned NHBD than in HBD islets. Our findings indicate a lower benefit of HBD islets from HP than NHBD islets. The ischaemic preconditioning paradox suggests that HP should be primarily applied to islets from marginal donors. This observation needs evaluation in human islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Brandhorst
- Research Group for Islet Transplantation, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
| | - Heide Brandhorst
- Research Group for Islet Transplantation, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Samuel Acreman
- Research Group for Islet Transplantation, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Paul R V Johnson
- Research Group for Islet Transplantation, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
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11
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Elumalai S, Karunakaran U, Moon JS, Won KC. Ferroptosis Signaling in Pancreatic β-Cells: Novel Insights & Therapeutic Targeting. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13679. [PMID: 36430158 PMCID: PMC9690757 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic stress impairs pancreatic β-cell survival and function in diabetes. Although the pathophysiology of metabolic stress is complex, aberrant tissue damage and β-cell death are brought on by an imbalance in redox equilibrium due to insufficient levels of endogenous antioxidant expression in β-cells. The vulnerability of β-cells to oxidative damage caused by iron accumulation has been linked to contributory β-cell ferroptotic-like malfunction under diabetogenic settings. Here, we take into account recent findings on how iron metabolism contributes to the deregulation of the redox response in diabetic conditions as well as the ferroptotic-like malfunction in the pancreatic β-cells, which may offer insights for deciphering the pathomechanisms and formulating plans for the treatment or prevention of metabolic stress brought on by β-cell failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suma Elumalai
- Innovative Center for Aging Research, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu 42415, Korea
| | - Udayakumar Karunakaran
- Innovative Center for Aging Research, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu 42415, Korea
| | - Jun-Sung Moon
- Innovative Center for Aging Research, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu 42415, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Korea
| | - Kyu-Chang Won
- Innovative Center for Aging Research, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu 42415, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Korea
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12
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Liang R, Liu N, Cao J, Liu T, Sun P, Cai X, Zhang L, Liu Y, Zou J, Wang L, Ding X, Zhang B, Shen Z, Yoshida S, Dou J, Wang S. HIF-1α/FOXO1 axis regulated autophagy is protective for β cell survival under hypoxia in human islets. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166356. [PMID: 35124169 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
β cells suffer from hypoxia due to the rapid metabolic rate to supply insulin production. Mechanistic study of β cell survival under hypoxia may shed light on the β cell mass loss in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Here, we found that the expressions of LC3 and p62/SQSTM1, two key autophagy regulators, were significantly higher in β cells than that in non-β endocrine cells in both non-diabetic and T2DM pancreases, and the autophagy process was accelerated upon Cobalt Chloride (CoCl2) treatment in ex vivo cultured primary human islets. Meanwhile, CoCl2 induced the upregulation of FOXO1 in human islets, where HIF-1α played a key role. CoCl2 treatment caused the increase of β cell apoptosis, yet inhibiting autophagy by Chloroquine or by FOXO1 knockdown further aggravated apoptosis, suggesting that FOXO1-regulated autophagy is protective for β cell survival under hypoxia. Immunofluorescence staining showed that LC3 and p62/SQSTM1 expressions were significantly decreased in T2DM patients and negatively correlated with HbA1c, indicating that the autophagy capacity of β cells is impaired along with the progression of the disease. Our study revealed that HIF-1α/FOXO1 regulated autophagy benefits β cell survival under hypoxia and autophagy dysregulation may account for β cell mass loss in T2DM. BRIEF SUMMARY: Our study revealed that HIF-1α/FOXO1 regulated autophagy benefits β cell survival under hypoxia and autophagy dysregulation may account for β cell mass loss in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liang
- Organ Transplant Center, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Na Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300384, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory for Organ Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, PR China
| | - Jinglin Cao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China
| | - Tengli Liu
- Organ Transplant Center, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Peng Sun
- Organ Transplant Center, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Xiangheng Cai
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Lanqiu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Institute of Acute Abdominal Diseases, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, 300100, PR China
| | - Yaojuan Liu
- Organ Transplant Center, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Jiaqi Zou
- Organ Transplant Center, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Le Wang
- Organ Transplant Center, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Xuejie Ding
- Organ Transplant Center, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Boya Zhang
- Organ Transplant Center, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Zhongyang Shen
- Organ Transplant Center, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300384, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory for Organ Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, PR China
| | - Sei Yoshida
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
| | - Jian Dou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China.
| | - Shusen Wang
- Organ Transplant Center, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300384, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory for Organ Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, PR China; School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
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13
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Taurine Grafted Micro-Implants Improved Functions without Direct Dependency between Interleukin-6 and the Bile Acid Lithocholic Acid in Plasma. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10010111. [PMID: 35052790 PMCID: PMC8772949 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A recent study showed an association between diabetes development and the bile acid lithocholic acid (LCA), while another study demonstrated positive biological effects of the conjugated bile acid, taurocholic acid (TCA), on pancreatic cells. Thus, this study aimed to encapsulate TCA with primary islets (graft) and study the biological effects of the graft, post-transplantation, in diabetic mice, including effects on LCA concentrations. Sixteen mature adult mice were made diabetic and randomly divided into two equal groups, control and test (transplanted encapsulated islets without or with TCA). Graft pharmaceutical features pre-transplantation, and biological effects including on LCA concentrations post-transplantation, were measured. TCA-microcapsules had an oval shape and similar size compared with the control. The treatment group survived longer, showed improved glucose and interleukin-6 concentrations, and lower LCA concentrations in plasma, large intestine, faeces, liver and spleen, compared with control. Results suggest that TCA incorporation with islets encapsulated graft exerted beneficial effects, but there was no direct and significant dependency between concentrations of interleukin-6 and LCA.
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Liu Y, Chen Y, Wang Y, Jiang S, Lin W, Wu Y, Li Q, Guo Y, Liu W, Yuan Q. DNA demethylase ALKBH1 promotes adipogenic differentiation via regulation of HIF-1 signaling. J Biol Chem 2021; 298:101499. [PMID: 34922943 PMCID: PMC8760519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA 6-adenine methylation (6mA), as a novel adenine modification existing in eukaryotes, shows essential functions in embryogenesis and mitochondrial transcriptions. ALKBH1 is a demethylase of 6mA and plays critical roles in osteogenesis, tumorigenesis, and adaptation to stress. However, the integrated biological functions of ALKBH1 still require further exploration. Here, we demonstrate that knockdown of ALKBH1 inhibits adipogenic differentiation in both human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, while overexpression of ALKBH1 leads to increased adipogenesis. Using a combination of RNA-seq and N6-mA-DNA-IP-seq analyses, we identify hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) signaling as a crucial downstream target of ALKBH1 activity. Depletion of ALKBH1 leads to hypermethylation of both HIF-1α and its downstream target GYS1. Simultaneous overexpression of HIF-1α and GYS1 restores the adipogenic commitment of ALKBH1-deficient cells. Taken together, our data indicate that ALKBH1 is indispensable for adipogenic differentiation, revealing a novel epigenetic mechanism that regulates adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, #14 Third Section, Renmin Road South, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yaqian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, #14 Third Section, Renmin Road South, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, #14 Third Section, Renmin Road South, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shuang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, #14 Third Section, Renmin Road South, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Weimin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, #14 Third Section, Renmin Road South, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yunshu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, #14 Third Section, Renmin Road South, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, #14 Third Section, Renmin Road South, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuchen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, #14 Third Section, Renmin Road South, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Weiqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, #14 Third Section, Renmin Road South, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, #14 Third Section, Renmin Road South, Chengdu 610041, China.
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15
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Tang Y, Su H, Wang H, Lu F, Nie K, Wang Z, Huang W, Dong H. The effect and mechanism of Jiao-tai-wan in the treatment of diabetes mellitus with depression based on network pharmacology and experimental analysis. Mol Med 2021; 27:154. [PMID: 34875999 PMCID: PMC8650382 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-021-00414-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and depression is increasing year by year around the world, bringing a serious burden to patients and their families. Jiao-tai-wan (JTW), a well-known traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been approved to have hypoglycemic and antidepressant effects, respectively, but whether JTW has such dual effects and its potential mechanisms is still unknown. This study is to evaluate the dual therapeutic effects of JTW on chronic restraint stress (CRS)-induced DM combined with depression mice, and to explore the underlying mechanisms through network pharmacology. METHODS CRS was used on db/db mice for 21 days to induce depression-like behaviors, so as to obtain the DM combined with depression mouse model. Mice were treated with 0.9% saline (0.1 ml/10 g), JTW (3.2 mg/kg) and Fluoxetine (2.0 mg/kg), respectively. The effect of JTW was accessed by measuring fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels, conducting behavioral tests and observing histopathological change. The ELISA assay was used to evaluate the levels of inflammatory cytokines and the UHPLC-MS/MS method was used to determine the depression-related neurotransmitters levels in serum. The mechanism exploration of JTW against DM and depression were performed via a network pharmacological method. RESULTS The results of blood glucose measurement showed that JTW has a therapeutic effect on db/db mice. Behavioral tests and the levels of depression-related neurotransmitters proved that JTW can effectively ameliorate depression-like symptoms in mice induced by CRS. In addition, JTW can also improve the inflammatory state and reduce the number of apoptotic cells in the hippocampus. According to network pharmacology, 28 active compounds and 484 corresponding targets of JTW, 1407 DM targets and 1842 depression targets were collected by screening the databases, and a total of 117 targets were obtained after taking the intersection. JTW plays a role in reducing blood glucose level and antidepressant mainly through active compounds such as quercetin, styrene, cinnamic acid, ethyl cinnamate, (R)-Canadine, palmatine and berberine, etc., the key targets of its therapeutic effect include INS, AKT1, IL-6, VEGF-A, TNF and so on, mainly involved in HIF-1 signal pathway, pathways in cancer, Hepatitis B, TNF signal pathway, PI3K-Akt signal pathway and MAPK signaling pathway, etc. CONCLUSION: Our experimental study showed that JTW has hypoglycemic and antidepressant effects. The possible mechanism was explored by network pharmacology, reflecting the characteristics of multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway, which provides a theoretical basis for the experimental research and clinical application of JTW in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueheng Tang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Hao Su
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Hongzhan Wang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Fuer Lu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Kexin Nie
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Wenya Huang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Hui Dong
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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16
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Davis S, Rizk J, Gunton JE. Cosmetic Fat Transplantation: A Review. Curr Mol Med 2021; 21:133-141. [PMID: 32619169 DOI: 10.2174/1566524020666200703194355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM To review current techniques used in fat grafting to optimise graft persistence and achieve optimal cosmetic outcomes. BACKGROUND Fat transplantation has been used extensively in the reconstruction and cosmetic industry for many years. However, there is significant adipocyte loss and reabsorption rates, leading to the loss of external cosmetic volume and the need for repeat procedures. Adipocyte loss can occur at all four stages of transplantation and this review discusses each of these methods with the aim being to optimise graft outcome. RESULTS Several new techniques have been discussed including liposuction techniques, fat processing, and assisted fat grafting which show an improvement in adipocyte survival, revasculisation and graft outcomes. CONCLUSION There have been many improvements in fat grafting and the implementation of these will optimise surgical outcomes but there are still strategies to improve further. However, there is still a lack of standardised techniques and training. More research is needed in the areas of fat processing and the use of additives to the fat graft. More clinical research is needed in the fat placement technique, which has very little published evidence and current techniques are mostly anecdotal by cosmetic surgeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Davis
- Centre for Diabetes, Obesity and Endocrinology (CDOE), The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Joseph Rizk
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Jenny E Gunton
- Centre for Diabetes, Obesity and Endocrinology (CDOE), The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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17
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Kietzmann T, Mäkelä VH. The hypoxia response and nutritional peptides. Peptides 2021; 138:170507. [PMID: 33577839 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia controls metabolism at several levels, e.g., via mitochondrial ATP production, glucose uptake and glycolysis. Hence it is likely that hypoxia also affects the action and/or production of many peptide hormones linked to food intake and appetite control. Many of those are produced in the gastrointestinal tract, endocrine pancreas, adipose tissue, and selective areas in the brain which modulate and concert their actions. However, the complexity of the hypoxia response and the links to peptides/hormones involved in food intake and appetite control in the different organs are not well known. This review summarizes the role of the hypoxia response and its effects on major peptides linked to appetite regulation, nutrition and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kietzmann
- University of Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Ville H Mäkelä
- University of Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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18
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Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are the key regulators of oxygen homeostasis in response to hypoxia. In diabetes, multiple tissues are hypoxic but adaptive responses to hypoxia are impaired due to insufficient activation of HIF signalling, which results from inhibition of HIF-1α stability and function due to hyperglycaemia and elevated fatty acid levels. In this review, we will summarise and discuss current findings about the regulation of HIF signalling in diabetes and the pathogenic roles of hypoxia and dysregulated HIF signalling in the development of diabetes and its complications. The therapeutic potential of targeting HIF signalling for the prevention and treatment of diabetes and related complications is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergiu-Bogdan Catrina
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Center for Diabetes, Academic Specialist Centrum, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Xiaowei Zheng
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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19
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Abstract
Hypoxia can be defined as a relative deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the tissues. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are critical regulators of the mammalian response to hypoxia. In normal circumstances, HIF-1α protein turnover is rapid, and hyperglycemia further destabilizes the protein. In addition to their role in diabetes pathogenesis, HIFs are implicated in development of the microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes. Improving glucose control in people with diabetes increases HIF-1α protein and has wide-ranging benefits, some of which are at least partially mediated by HIF-1α. Nevertheless, most strategies to improve diabetes or its complications via regulation of HIF-1α have not currently proven to be clinically useful. The intersection of HIF biology with diabetes is a complex area in which many further questions remain, especially regarding the well-conducted studies clearly describing discrepant effects of different methods of increasing HIF-1α, even within the same tissues. This Review presents a brief overview of HIFs; discusses the range of evidence implicating HIFs in β cell dysfunction, diabetes pathogenesis, and diabetes complications; and examines the differing outcomes of HIF-targeting approaches in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny E Gunton
- Centre for Diabetes, Obesity and Endocrinology, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,Westmead Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
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20
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Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α (HIF-1α) Counteracts the Acute Death of Cells Transplanted into the Injured Spinal Cord. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0092-19.2019. [PMID: 31488552 PMCID: PMC7215587 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0092-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular transplantation is in clinical testing for a number of central nervous system disorders, including spinal cord injury (SCI). One challenge is acute transplanted cell death. To prevent this death, there is a need to both establish when the death occurs and develop approaches to mitigate its effects. Here, using luciferase (luc) and green fluorescent protein (GFP) expressing Schwann cell (SC) transplants in the contused thoracic rat spinal cord 7 d postinjury, we establish via in vivo bioluminescent (IVIS) imaging and stereology that cell death occurs prior to 2–3 d postimplantation. We then test an alternative approach to the current paradigm of enhancing transplant survival by including multiple factors along with the cells. To stimulate multiple cellular adaptive pathways concurrently, we activate the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) transcriptional pathway. Retroviral expression of VP16-HIF-1α in SCs increased HIF-α by 5.9-fold and its target genes implicated in oxygen transport and delivery (VEGF, 2.2-fold) and cellular metabolism (enolase, 1.7-fold). In cell death assays in vitro, HIF-1α protected cells from H2O2-induced oxidative damage. It also provided some protection against camptothecin-induced DNA damage, but not thapsigargin-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress or tunicamycin-induced unfolded protein response. Following transplantation, VP16-HIF-1α increased SC survival by 34.3%. The increase in cell survival was detectable by stereology, but not by in vivo luciferase or ex vivo GFP IVIS imaging. The results support the hypothesis that activating adaptive cellular pathways enhances transplant survival and identifies an alternative pro-survival approach that, with optimization, could be amenable to clinical translation.
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RAZAVI MEHDI, PRIMAVERA ROSITA, KEVADIYA BHAVESHD, WANG JING, BUCHWALD PETER, THAKOR AVNESHS. A Collagen Based Cryogel Bioscaffold that Generates Oxygen for Islet Transplantation. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2020; 30:1902463. [PMID: 33071709 PMCID: PMC7567341 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201902463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to develop, characterize and test a novel 3D bioscaffold matrix which can accommodate pancreatic islets and provide them with a continuous, controlled and steady source of oxygen to prevent hypoxia-induced damage following transplantation. Hence, we made a collagen based cryogel bioscaffold which incorporated calcium peroxide (CPO) into its matrix. The optimal concentration of CPO integrated into bioscaffolds was 0.25wt.% and this generated oxygen at 0.21±0.02mM/day (day 1), 0.19±0.01mM/day (day 6), 0.13±0.03mM/day (day 14), and 0.14±0.02mM/day (day 21). Accordingly, islets seeded into cryogel-CPO bioscaffolds had a significantly higher viability and function compared to islets seeded into cryogel alone bioscaffolds or islets cultured alone on traditional cell culture plates; these findings were supported by data from quantitative computational modelling. When syngeneic islets were transplanted into the epididymal fat pad (EFP) of diabetic mice, our cryogel-0.25wt.%CPO bioscaffold improved islet function with diabetic animals re-establishing glycemic control. Mice transplanted with cryogel-0.25wt.%CPO bioscaffolds showed faster responses to intraperitoneal glucose injections and had a higher level of insulin content in their EFP compared to those transplanted with islets alone (P<0.05). Biodegradability studies predicted that our cryogel-CPO bioscaffolds will have long-lasting biostability for approximately 5 years (biodegradation rate: 16.00±0.65%/year). Long term implantation studies (i.e. 6 months) showed that our cryogel-CPO bioscaffold is biocompatible and integrated into the surrounding fat tissue with minimal adverse tissue reaction; this was further supported by no change in blood parameters (i.e. electrolyte, metabolic, chemistry and liver panels). Our novel oxygen-generating bioscaffold (i.e. cryogel-0.25wt.%CPO) therefore provides a biostable and biocompatible 3D microenvironment for islets which can facilitate islet survival and function at extra-hepatic sites of transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- MEHDI RAZAVI
- Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
- Biionix™ (Bionic Materials, Implants & Interfaces) Cluster, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32827, USA
| | - ROSITA PRIMAVERA
- Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
| | - BHAVESH D KEVADIYA
- Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
| | - JING WANG
- Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
| | - PETER BUCHWALD
- Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
| | - AVNESH S THAKOR
- Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
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22
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Girgis CM, Cha KM, So B, Tsang M, Chen J, Houweling PJ, Schindeler A, Stokes R, Swarbrick MM, Evesson FJ, Cooper ST, Gunton JE. Mice with myocyte deletion of vitamin D receptor have sarcopenia and impaired muscle function. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2019; 10:1228-1240. [PMID: 31225722 PMCID: PMC6903451 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has long been recognized that vitamin D deficiency is associated with muscle weakness and falls. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) is present at very low levels in normal muscle. Whether vitamin D plays a direct role in muscle function is unknown and is a subject of hot debate. Myocyte-specific deletion of VDR would provide a strategy to answer this question. METHODS Myocyte-specific vitamin D receptor (mVDR) null mice were generated by crossing human skeletal actin-Cre mice with floxed VDR mice. The effects of gene deletion on the muscle phenotype were studied in terms of body tissue composition, muscle tissue histology, and gene expression by real-time PCR. RESULTS Unlike whole-body VDR knockout mice, mVDR mice showed a normal body size. The mVDR showed a distinct muscle phenotype featuring reduced proportional lean mass (70% vs. 78% of lean mass), reduced voluntary wheel-running distance (22% decrease, P = 0.009), reduced average running speed, and reduced grip strength (7-16% reduction depending on age at testing). With their decreased voluntary exercise, and decreased lean mass, mVDR have increased proportional fat mass at 20% compared with 13%. Surprisingly, their muscle fibres showed slightly increased diameter, as well as the presence of angular fibres and central nuclei suggesting ongoing remodelling. There were, however, no clear changes in fibre type and there was no increase in muscle fibrosis. VDR is a transcriptional regulator, and changes in the expression of candidate genes was examined in RNA extracted from skeletal muscle. Alterations were seen in myogenic gene expression, and there was decreased expression of cell cycle genes cyclin D1, D2, and D3 and cyclin-dependent kinases Cdk-2 and Cdk-4. Expression of calcium handling genes sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPases (SERCA) Serca2b and Serca3 was decreased and Calbindin mRNA was lower in mVDR muscle. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that vitamin D signalling is needed for myocyte function. Despite the low level of VDR protein normally found muscle, deleting myocyte VDR had important effects on muscle size and strength. Maintenance of normal vitamin D signalling is a useful strategy to prevent loss of muscle function and size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Girgis
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kuan Minn Cha
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Benjamin So
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Tsang
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jennifer Chen
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter J Houweling
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aaron Schindeler
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Orthopaedic Research and Biotechnology Unit, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| | - Rebecca Stokes
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael M Swarbrick
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Frances J Evesson
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, The Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sandra T Cooper
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, The Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jenny E Gunton
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Division of Immunology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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23
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Insulin-producing organoids engineered from islet and amniotic epithelial cells to treat diabetes. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4491. [PMID: 31582751 PMCID: PMC6776618 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12472-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining long-term euglycemia after intraportal islet transplantation is hampered by the considerable islet loss in the peri-transplant period attributed to inflammation, ischemia and poor angiogenesis. Here, we show that viable and functional islet organoids can be successfully generated from dissociated islet cells (ICs) and human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs). Incorporation of hAECs into islet organoids markedly enhances engraftment, viability and graft function in a mouse type 1 diabetes model. Our results demonstrate that the integration of hAECs into islet cell organoids has great potential in the development of cell-based therapies for type 1 diabetes. Engineering of functional mini-organs using this strategy will allow the exploration of more favorable implantation sites, and can be expanded to unlimited (stem-cell-derived or xenogeneic) sources of insulin-producing cells. Islet transplantation is a feasible approach to treat type I diabetes, however inflammation and poor vascularisation impair long-term engraftment. Here the authors show that incorporating human amniotic epithelial cells into islet organoids improves engraftment and function of organoids, through enhanced revascularisation.
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24
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lncRNA MALAT1 Accelerates Wound Healing of Diabetic Mice Transfused with Modified Autologous Blood via the HIF-1α Signaling Pathway. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 17:504-515. [PMID: 31344658 PMCID: PMC6658834 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Impaired wound healing is a debilitating complication of diabetes. The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) has been recognized to be differentially expressed in various diseases. However, its underlying mechanism in diabetes has not been fully understood. Notably, we aim to examine the expression of MALAT1 in diabetic mice and its role in wound healing involving the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) signaling pathway with a modified autologous blood preservative solution reported. A mouse model of diabetes was established. MALAT1 was identified to promote the activation of the HIF-1α signaling pathway and to be enriched in autologous blood through modified preservation, which might facilitate the improvement of physiological function of blood cells. Through gain- or loss-of-function approaches, viability of fibroblasts cultured in high glucose, wound healing of mice, and collagen expression in wound areas were enhanced by MALAT1 and HIF-1α. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that the physiological status of mouse blood was effectively improved by modified autologous blood preservation, which exhibited upregulated MALAT1, thereby accelerating the fibroblast activation and wound healing in diabetic mice via the activation of the HIF-1α signaling pathway. The upregulation of MALAT1 activating the HIF-1α signaling pathway provides a novel insight into drug targets against diabetes.
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25
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Lalwani A, Warren J, Liuwantara D, Hawthorne WJ, O'Connell PJ, Gonzalez FJ, Stokes RA, Chen J, Laybutt DR, Craig ME, Swarbrick MM, King C, Gunton JE. β Cell Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α Is Required for the Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes. Cell Rep 2019; 27:2370-2384.e6. [PMID: 31116982 PMCID: PMC6661122 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.04.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of autoimmune disease type 1 diabetes (T1D) is determined by both genetic background and environmental factors. Environmental triggers include RNA viruses, particularly coxsackievirus (CV), but how they induce T1D is not understood. Here, we demonstrate that deletion of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) from β cells increases the susceptibility of non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice to environmentally triggered T1D from coxsackieviruses and the β cell toxin streptozotocin. Similarly, knockdown of HIF-1α in human islets leads to a poorer response to coxsackievirus infection. Studies in coxsackievirus-infected islets demonstrate that lack of HIF-1α leads to impaired viral clearance, increased viral load, inflammation, pancreatitis, and loss of β cell mass. These findings show an important role for β cells and, specifically, lack of β cell HIF-1α in the development of T1D. These data suggest new strategies for the prevention of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Lalwani
- Center for Diabetes, Obesity, and Endocrinology (CDOE), The Westmead Institute for Medical Research (WIMR), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Joanna Warren
- Mucosal Autoimmunity, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David Liuwantara
- National Pancreas Transplant Unit (NPTU), Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Wayne J Hawthorne
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; National Pancreas Transplant Unit (NPTU), Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Philip J O'Connell
- National Pancreas Transplant Unit (NPTU), Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rebecca A Stokes
- Center for Diabetes, Obesity, and Endocrinology (CDOE), The Westmead Institute for Medical Research (WIMR), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jennifer Chen
- Center for Diabetes, Obesity, and Endocrinology (CDOE), The Westmead Institute for Medical Research (WIMR), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - D Ross Laybutt
- Islet Biology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maria E Craig
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael M Swarbrick
- Center for Diabetes, Obesity, and Endocrinology (CDOE), The Westmead Institute for Medical Research (WIMR), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Cecile King
- Mucosal Autoimmunity, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jenny E Gunton
- Center for Diabetes, Obesity, and Endocrinology (CDOE), The Westmead Institute for Medical Research (WIMR), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia; Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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26
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Oxygenation strategies for encapsulated islet and beta cell transplants. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 139:139-156. [PMID: 31077781 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Human allogeneic islet transplantation (ITx) is emerging as a promising treatment option for qualified patients with type 1 diabetes. However, widespread clinical application of allogeneic ITx is hindered by two critical barriers: the need for systemic immunosuppression and the limited supply of human islet tissue. Biocompatible, retrievable immunoisolation devices containing glucose-responsive insulin-secreting tissue may address both critical barriers by enabling the more effective and efficient use of allogeneic islets without immunosuppression in the near-term, and ultimately the use of a cell source with a virtually unlimited supply, such as human stem cell-derived β-cells or xenogeneic (porcine) islets with minimal or no immunosuppression. However, even though encapsulation methods have been developed and immunoprotection has been successfully tested in small and large animal models and to a limited extent in proof-of-concept clinical studies, the effective use of encapsulation approaches to convincingly and consistently treat diabetes in humans has yet to be demonstrated. There is increasing consensus that inadequate oxygen supply is a major factor limiting their clinical translation and routine implementation. Poor oxygenation negatively affects cell viability and β-cell function, and the problem is exacerbated with the high-density seeding required for reasonably-sized clinical encapsulation devices. Approaches for enhanced oxygen delivery to encapsulated tissues in implantable devices are therefore being actively developed and tested. This review summarizes fundamental aspects of islet microarchitecture and β-cell physiology as well as encapsulation approaches highlighting the need for adequate oxygenation; it also evaluates existing and emerging approaches for enhanced oxygen delivery to encapsulation devices, particularly with the advent of β-cell sources from stem cells that may enable the large-scale application of this approach.
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27
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Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), a family of transcription factors activated by hypoxia, consist of three α-subunits (HIF1α, HIF2α and HIF3α) and one β-subunit (HIF1β), which serves as a heterodimerization partner of the HIFα subunits. HIFα subunits are stabilized from constitutive degradation by hypoxia largely through lowering the activity of the oxygen-dependent prolyl hydroxylases that hydroxylate HIFα, leading to their proteolysis. HIF1α and HIF2α are expressed in different tissues and regulate target genes involved in angiogenesis, cell proliferation and inflammation, and their expression is associated with different disease states. HIFs have been widely studied because of their involvement in cancer, and HIF2α-specific inhibitors are being investigated in clinical trials for the treatment of kidney cancer. Although cancer has been the major focus of research on HIF, evidence has emerged that this pathway has a major role in the control of metabolism and influences metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Notably increased HIF1α and HIF2α signalling in adipose tissue and small intestine, respectively, promotes metabolic diseases in diet-induced disease models. Inhibition of HIF1α and HIF2α decreases the adverse diet-induced metabolic phenotypes, suggesting that they could be drug targets for the treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Cen Xie
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Changtao Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
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28
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Sthijns MMJPE, van Blitterswijk CA, LaPointe VLS. Redox regulation in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering: The paradox of oxygen. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:2013-2020. [PMID: 30044552 PMCID: PMC6221092 DOI: 10.1002/term.2730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
One of the biggest challenges in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine is to incorporate a functioning vasculature to overcome the consequences of a lack of oxygen and nutrients in the tissue construct. Otherwise, decreased oxygen tension leads to incomplete metabolism and the formation of the so‐called reactive oxygen species (ROS). Cells have many endogenous antioxidant systems to ensure a balance between ROS and antioxidants, but if this balance is disrupted by factors such as high levels of ROS due to long‐term hypoxia, there will be tissue damage and dysfunction. Current attempts to solve the oxygen problem in the field rarely take into account the importance of the redox balance and are instead centred on releasing or generating oxygen. The first problem with this approach is that although oxygen is necessary for life, it is paradoxically also a highly toxic molecule. Furthermore, although some oxygen‐generating biomaterials produce oxygen, they also generate hydrogen peroxide, a ROS, as an intermediate product. In this review, we discuss why it would be a superior strategy to supplement oxygen delivery with molecules to safeguard the important redox balance. Redox sensor proteins that can stimulate the anaerobic metabolism, angiogenesis, and enhancement of endogenous antioxidant systems are discussed as promising targets. We propose that redox regulating biomaterials have the potential to tackle some of the challenges related to angiogenesis and that the knowledge in this review will help scientists in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine realize this aim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille M J P E Sthijns
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Clemens A van Blitterswijk
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Vanessa L S LaPointe
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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29
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Bruni A, Bornstein S, Linkermann A, Shapiro AMJ. Regulated Cell Death Seen through the Lens of Islet Transplantation. Cell Transplant 2018; 27:890-901. [PMID: 29845882 PMCID: PMC6050903 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718766323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical islet transplantation effectively restores euglycemia and corrects glycosylated
hemoglobin in labile type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Despite marked improvements in islet
transplantation outcomes, acute islet cell death remains a substantial obstacle that
compromises long-term engraftment outcomes. Multiple organ donors are routinely required
to achieve insulin independence. Therapeutic agents that ameliorate cell death and/or
control injury-related inflammatory cascades offer potential to improve islet transplant
success. Apoptotic cell death has been identified as a major contributor to cellular
demise and therapeutic strategies that subvert initiation and consequences of apoptotic
cell death have shown promise in pre-clinical models. Indeed, in numerous pathologies and
diseases apoptosis has been the most extensively described form of regulated cell death.
However, recent identification of novel, alternative regulated cell death pathways in
other disease states and solid organ transplantation suggest that these additional
pathways may also have substantial relevance in islet transplantation. These regulated,
non-apoptotic cell death pathways exhibit distinct biochemical characteristics but have
yet to be fully characterized within islet transplantation. We review herein the various
regulated cell death pathways and highlight their relative potential contributions to
islet viability, engraftment failure and islet dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Bruni
- 1 Clinical Islet Transplant Program, Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,2 Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Stefan Bornstein
- 3 Division of Nephrology, Medical Clinic 3, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Linkermann
- 3 Division of Nephrology, Medical Clinic 3, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - A M James Shapiro
- 1 Clinical Islet Transplant Program, Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,2 Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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30
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Rojas-Canales DM, Waibel M, Forget A, Penko D, Nitschke J, Harding FJ, Delalat B, Blencowe A, Loudovaris T, Grey ST, Thomas HE, Kay TWH, Drogemuller CJ, Voelcker NH, Coates PT. Oxygen-permeable microwell device maintains islet mass and integrity during shipping. Endocr Connect 2018; 7:490-503. [PMID: 29483160 PMCID: PMC5861371 DOI: 10.1530/ec-17-0349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Islet transplantation is currently the only minimally invasive therapy available for patients with type 1 diabetes that can lead to insulin independence; however, it is limited to only a small number of patients. Although clinical procedures have improved in the isolation and culture of islets, a large number of islets are still lost in the pre-transplant period, limiting the success of this treatment. Moreover, current practice includes islets being prepared at specialized centers, which are sometimes remote to the transplant location. Thus, a critical point of intervention to maintain the quality and quantity of isolated islets is during transportation between isolation centers and the transplanting hospitals, during which 20-40% of functional islets can be lost. The current study investigated the use of an oxygen-permeable PDMS microwell device for long-distance transportation of isolated islets. We demonstrate that the microwell device protected islets from aggregation during transport, maintaining viability and average islet size during shipping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darling M Rojas-Canales
- The Centre for Clinical and Experimental Transplantation (CCET) The Royal Adelaide HospitalAdelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing (CRC-CTM)Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of MedicineFaculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michaela Waibel
- Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing (CRC-CTM)Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical ResearchFitzroy, Victoria, Australia
- The University of MelbourneDepartment of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aurelien Forget
- Science and Engineering FacultyQueensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniella Penko
- The Centre for Clinical and Experimental Transplantation (CCET) The Royal Adelaide HospitalAdelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing (CRC-CTM)Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of MedicineFaculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jodie Nitschke
- The Centre for Clinical and Experimental Transplantation (CCET) The Royal Adelaide HospitalAdelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing (CRC-CTM)Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of MedicineFaculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Fran J Harding
- Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing (CRC-CTM)Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Future Industries InstituteUniversity of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, Australia
| | - Bahman Delalat
- Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing (CRC-CTM)Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Future Industries InstituteUniversity of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, Australia
| | - Anton Blencowe
- Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing (CRC-CTM)Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Future Industries InstituteUniversity of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical SciencesUniversity of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Thomas Loudovaris
- Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing (CRC-CTM)Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical ResearchFitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shane T Grey
- The Centre for Clinical and Experimental Transplantation (CCET) The Royal Adelaide HospitalAdelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Transplantation Immunology GroupGarvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Helen E Thomas
- Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing (CRC-CTM)Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical ResearchFitzroy, Victoria, Australia
- The University of MelbourneDepartment of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas W H Kay
- Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing (CRC-CTM)Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical ResearchFitzroy, Victoria, Australia
- The University of MelbourneDepartment of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chris J Drogemuller
- The Centre for Clinical and Experimental Transplantation (CCET) The Royal Adelaide HospitalAdelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing (CRC-CTM)Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of MedicineFaculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Nicolas H Voelcker
- Future Industries InstituteUniversity of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, Australia
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patrick T Coates
- The Centre for Clinical and Experimental Transplantation (CCET) The Royal Adelaide HospitalAdelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing (CRC-CTM)Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of MedicineFaculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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31
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Stokes RA, Cheng K, Lalwani A, Swarbrick MM, Thomas HE, Loudovaris T, Kay TW, Hawthorne WJ, O'Connell PJ, Gunton JE. Transplantation sites for human and murine islets. Diabetologia 2017; 60:1961-1971. [PMID: 28735354 PMCID: PMC6448863 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4362-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Beta cell replacement is a potential cure for type 1 diabetes. In humans, islet transplants are currently infused into the liver via the portal vein, although this site has disadvantages. Here, we investigated alternative transplantation sites for human and murine islets in recipient mice, comparing the portal vein with quadriceps muscle and kidney, liver and spleen capsules. METHODS Murine islets were isolated from C57BL6/J mice and transplanted into syngeneic recipients. Human islets were isolated and transplanted into either severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) or recombination-activating gene 1 (RAG-1) immunodeficient recipient mice. All recipient mice were 8-12 weeks of age and had been rendered diabetic (defined as blood glucose concentrations ≥20 mmol/l on two consecutive days before transplantation) by alloxan tetrahydrate treatment. Islets were transplanted into five different sites (portal vein, quadriceps muscle, kidney, liver and spleen capsules). Blood glucose concentrations were monitored twice weekly until mice were killed. Dose-response studies were also performed to determine the minimum number of islets required to cure diabetes ('cure' is defined for this study as random fed blood glucose of <15 mmol/l). RESULTS For transplantation of murine islets into the different sites, the kidney yielded 100% success, followed by muscle (70%), portal vein (60%), spleen capsule (29%) and liver capsule (0%). For human islets, transplantation into the kidney cured diabetes in 75-80% of recipient mice. Transplantation into muscle and portal vein had intermediate success (both 29% at 2000 islet equivalents), while transplantation into liver and spleen capsule failed (0%). With increased islet mass, success rates for muscle grafts improved to 52-56%. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION For both human and murine islets, equivalent or superior glucose lowering results were obtained for transplantation into skeletal muscle, compared with the portal vein. Unfortunately, kidney grafts are not feasible in human recipients. Skeletal muscle offers easier access and greater potential for protocol biopsies. This study suggests that human trials of muscle as a transplant site may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Stokes
- Centre for Diabetes, Obesity & Endocrinology, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research (WIMR), Room 2040, Level 2, Darcy Rd, Westmead Hospital, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia
- Diabetes and Transcription Factors Group, Garvan Institute of Medical Research (GIMR), Sydney, NSW, Australia
- National Pancreas Transplant Unit, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kim Cheng
- Diabetes and Transcription Factors Group, Garvan Institute of Medical Research (GIMR), Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Amit Lalwani
- Centre for Diabetes, Obesity & Endocrinology, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research (WIMR), Room 2040, Level 2, Darcy Rd, Westmead Hospital, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia
- Diabetes and Transcription Factors Group, Garvan Institute of Medical Research (GIMR), Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael M Swarbrick
- Centre for Diabetes, Obesity & Endocrinology, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research (WIMR), Room 2040, Level 2, Darcy Rd, Westmead Hospital, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Australia, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | - Tom W Kay
- St Vincent's Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Wayne J Hawthorne
- National Pancreas Transplant Unit, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Philip J O'Connell
- National Pancreas Transplant Unit, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jenny E Gunton
- Centre for Diabetes, Obesity & Endocrinology, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research (WIMR), Room 2040, Level 2, Darcy Rd, Westmead Hospital, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia.
- Diabetes and Transcription Factors Group, Garvan Institute of Medical Research (GIMR), Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Inhibition of Y1 receptor signaling improves islet transplant outcome. Nat Commun 2017; 8:490. [PMID: 28887564 PMCID: PMC5591241 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00624-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Failure to secrete sufficient quantities of insulin is a pathological feature of type-1 and type-2 diabetes, and also reduces the success of islet cell transplantation. Here we demonstrate that Y1 receptor signaling inhibits insulin release in β-cells, and show that this can be pharmacologically exploited to boost insulin secretion. Transplanting islets with Y1 receptor deficiency accelerates the normalization of hyperglycemia in chemically induced diabetic recipient mice, which can also be achieved by short-term pharmacological blockade of Y1 receptors in transplanted mouse and human islets. Furthermore, treatment of non-obese diabetic mice with a Y1 receptor antagonist delays the onset of diabetes. Mechanistically, Y1 receptor signaling inhibits the production of cAMP in islets, which via CREB mediated pathways results in the down-regulation of several key enzymes in glycolysis and ATP production. Thus, manipulating Y1 receptor signaling in β-cells offers a unique therapeutic opportunity for correcting insulin deficiency as it occurs in the pathological state of type-1 diabetes as well as during islet transplantation.Islet transplantation is considered one of the potential treatments for T1DM but limited islet survival and their impaired function pose limitations to this approach. Here Loh et al. show that the Y1 receptor is expressed in β- cells and inhibition of its signalling, both genetic and pharmacological, improves mouse and human islet function.
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Calder GL, Lee MH, Sachithanandan N, Bell S, Zeimer H, MacIsaac RJ. Aceruloplasminaemia: a disorder of diabetes and neurodegeneration. Intern Med J 2017; 47:115-118. [PMID: 28076908 DOI: 10.1111/imj.13309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Aceruloplasminaemia is an autosomal recessive disorder of iron metabolism which is characterised by diabetes, neurodegeneration and anaemia. It should be considered in the differential diagnosis of adult onset, antibody-negative diabetes associated with persistent mild anaemia and hyperferritinaemia and/or progressive neuropsychiatric impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve L Calder
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melissa H Lee
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nirupa Sachithanandan
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sally Bell
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Howard Zeimer
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard J MacIsaac
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of General Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Faleo G, Russ HA, Wisel S, Parent AV, Nguyen V, Nair GG, Freise JE, Villanueva KE, Szot GL, Hebrok M, Tang Q. Mitigating Ischemic Injury of Stem Cell-Derived Insulin-Producing Cells after Transplant. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:807-819. [PMID: 28803916 PMCID: PMC5599226 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of large-scale in vitro differentiation of human stem cell-derived insulin-producing cells (SCIPC) has brought us closer to treating diabetes using stem cell technology. However, decades of experiences from islet transplantation show that ischemia-induced islet cell death after transplant severely limits the efficacy of the therapy. It is unclear to what extent human SCIPC are susceptible to ischemia. In this study, we show that more than half of SCIPC die shortly after transplantation. Nutrient deprivation and hypoxia acted synergistically to kill SCIPC in vitro. Amino acid supplementation rescued SCIPC from nutrient deprivation, likely by providing cellular energy. Generating SCIPC under physiological oxygen tension of 5% conferred hypoxia resistance without affecting their differentiation or function. A two-pronged strategy of physiological oxygen acclimatization during differentiation and amino acid supplementation during transplantation significantly improved SCIPC survival after transplant. Stem cell-derived insulin-producing cells (SCIPC) are susceptible to ischemic injury Amino acid supplementation prevents nutrient-deprivation-induced SCIPC death Generation of SCIPC at physiological oxygen levels protects them against hypoxia Both strategies combined preserve SCIPC graft viability in vivo upon transplant
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Faleo
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Holger A Russ
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Steven Wisel
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Audrey V Parent
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Vinh Nguyen
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Gopika G Nair
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jonathan E Freise
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Karina E Villanueva
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Gregory L Szot
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Matthias Hebrok
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Qizhi Tang
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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Gerber PA, Rutter GA. The Role of Oxidative Stress and Hypoxia in Pancreatic Beta-Cell Dysfunction in Diabetes Mellitus. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 26:501-518. [PMID: 27225690 PMCID: PMC5372767 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 397] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Metabolic syndrome is a frequent precursor of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), a disease that currently affects ∼8% of the adult population worldwide. Pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction and loss are central to the disease process, although understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms is still fragmentary. Recent Advances: Oversupply of nutrients, including glucose and fatty acids, and the subsequent overstimulation of beta cells, are believed to be an important contributor to insulin secretory failure in T2D. Hypoxia has also recently been implicated in beta-cell damage. Accumulating evidence points to a role for oxidative stress in both processes. Although the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) results from enhanced mitochondrial respiration during stimulation with glucose and other fuels, the expression of antioxidant defense genes is unusually low (or disallowed) in beta cells. CRITICAL ISSUES Not all subjects with metabolic syndrome and hyperglycemia go on to develop full-blown diabetes, implying an important role in disease risk for gene-environment interactions. Possession of common risk alleles at the SLC30A8 locus, encoding the beta-cell granule zinc transporter ZnT8, may affect cytosolic Zn2+ concentrations and thus susceptibility to hypoxia and oxidative stress. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Loss of normal beta-cell function, rather than total mass, is increasingly considered to be the major driver for impaired insulin secretion in diabetes. Better understanding of the role of oxidative changes, its modulation by genes involved in disease risk, and effects on beta-cell identity may facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategies to this disease. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 501-518.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp A. Gerber
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Guy A. Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Lecomte MJ, Pechberty S, Machado C, Da Barroca S, Ravassard P, Scharfmann R, Czernichow P, Duvillié B. Aggregation of Engineered Human β-Cells Into Pseudoislets: Insulin Secretion and Gene Expression Profile in Normoxic and Hypoxic Milieu. CELL MEDICINE 2016; 8:99-112. [PMID: 28003935 DOI: 10.3727/215517916x692843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Innovative treatments to cure type 1 diabetes are being actively researched. Among the different strategies, the replacement of β-cells has given promising results. Classically, islets from cadaveric donors are transplanted into diabetic patients, but recently phase I clinical trials that use stem cell-derived β-cells have been started. Such protocols require either an immunosuppressive treatment or the macroencapsulation of the β-cells. They involve cell aggregation and the exposure of the cells to hypoxia. Using an engineered human β-cell, we have addressed these two problems: a novel human β-cell line called EndoC-βH3 was cultured as single cells or aggregated clusters. EndoC-βH3 cells were also cultured at normal atmospheric oxygen tension (pO2 = 21%) or hypoxia (pO2 = 3%) in the presence or absence of modulators of the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) pathway. Cell aggregation improved glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, demonstrating the benefit of cell-cell contacts. Low oxygen tension decreased β-cell viability and their sensitivity to glucose, but did not alter insulin production nor the insulin secretion capacity of the remaining cells. To investigate the role of HIF1α, we first used a HIF stabilizer at pO2 = 21%. This led to a mild decrease in cell viability, impaired glucose sensitivity, and altered insulin secretion. Finally, we used a HIF inhibitor on EndoC-βH3 pseudoislets exposed to hypoxia. Such treatment considerably decreased cell viability. In conclusion, aggregation of the EndoC-βH3 cells seems to be important to improve their function. A fraction of the EndoC-βH3 cells are resistant to hypoxia, depending on the level of activity of HIF1α. Thus, these cells represent a good human cell model for future investigations on islet cell transplantation analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-José Lecomte
- Univercell-Biosolutions, Centre de recherche des Cordeliers , Paris , France
| | - Séverine Pechberty
- Univercell-Biosolutions, Centre de recherche des Cordeliers , Paris , France
| | - Cécile Machado
- Univercell-Biosolutions, Centre de recherche des Cordeliers , Paris , France
| | - Sandra Da Barroca
- Univercell-Biosolutions, Centre de recherche des Cordeliers , Paris , France
| | - Philippe Ravassard
- † Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du cerveau et de la moelle (ICM)-Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière , Paris , France
| | - Raphaël Scharfmann
- ‡INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; §Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
| | - Paul Czernichow
- Univercell-Biosolutions, Centre de recherche des Cordeliers , Paris , France
| | - Bertrand Duvillié
- ‡INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; §Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
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Bensellam M, Maxwell EL, Chan JY, Luzuriaga J, West PK, Jonas JC, Gunton JE, Laybutt DR. Hypoxia reduces ER-to-Golgi protein trafficking and increases cell death by inhibiting the adaptive unfolded protein response in mouse beta cells. Diabetologia 2016; 59:1492-1502. [PMID: 27039902 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-3947-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Hypoxia may contribute to beta cell failure in type 2 diabetes and islet transplantation. The adaptive unfolded protein response (UPR) is required for endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis. Here we investigated whether or not hypoxia regulates the UPR in beta cells and the role the adaptive UPR plays during hypoxic stress. METHODS Mouse islets and MIN6 cells were exposed to various oxygen (O2) tensions. DNA-damage inducible transcript 3 (DDIT3), hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF)1α and HSPA5 were knocked down using small interfering (si)RNA; Hspa5 was also overexpressed. db/db mice were used. RESULTS Hypoxia-response genes were upregulated in vivo in the islets of diabetic, but not prediabetic, db/db mice. In isolated mouse islets and MIN6 cells, O2 deprivation (1-5% vs 20%; 4-24 h) markedly reduced the expression of adaptive UPR genes, including Hspa5, Hsp90b1, Fkbp11 and spliced Xbp1. Coatomer protein complex genes (Copa, Cope, Copg [also known as Copg1], Copz1 and Copz2) and ER-to-Golgi protein trafficking were also reduced, whereas apoptotic genes (Ddit3, Atf3 and Trb3 [also known as Trib3]), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation and cell death were increased. Inhibition of JNK, but not HIF1α, restored adaptive UPR gene expression and ER-to-Golgi protein trafficking while protecting against apoptotic genes and cell death following hypoxia. DDIT3 knockdown delayed the loss of the adaptive UPR and partially protected against hypoxia-induced cell death. The latter response was prevented by HSPA5 knockdown. Finally, Hspa5 overexpression significantly protected against hypoxia-induced cell death. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Hypoxia inhibits the adaptive UPR in beta cells via JNK and DDIT3 activation, but independently of HIF1α. Downregulation of the adaptive UPR contributes to reduced ER-to-Golgi protein trafficking and increased beta cell death during hypoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Bensellam
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, UNSW Australia, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Emma L Maxwell
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, UNSW Australia, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Jeng Yie Chan
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, UNSW Australia, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Jude Luzuriaga
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, UNSW Australia, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Phillip K West
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, UNSW Australia, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Jean-Christophe Jonas
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de recherche expérimentale et clinique, Pôle d'endocrinologie, diabète et nutrition, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jenny E Gunton
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, UNSW Australia, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
- Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The Westmead Millennium Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - D Ross Laybutt
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, UNSW Australia, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.
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Langlois A, Mura C, Bietiger W, Seyfritz E, Dollinger C, Peronet C, Maillard E, Pinget M, Jeandidier N, Sigrist S. In Vitro and In Vivo Investigation of the Angiogenic Effects of Liraglutide during Islet Transplantation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147068. [PMID: 26974949 PMCID: PMC4790919 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study investigated the angiogenic properties of liraglutide in vitro and in vivo and the mechanisms involved, with a focus on Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α (HIF-1α) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). MATERIALS AND METHODS Rat pancreatic islets were incubated in vitro with 10 μmol/L of liraglutide (Lira) for 12, 24 and 48 h. Islet viability was studied by fluorescein diacetate/propidium iodide staining and their function was assessed by glucose stimulation. The angiogenic effect of liraglutide was determined in vitro by the measure of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and by the evaluation of VEGF and platelet-derived growth factor-α (PDGFα) expression with quantitative polymerase chain reaction technic. Then, in vitro and in vivo, angiogenic property of Lira was evaluated using immunofluorescence staining targeting the cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31). To understand angiogenic mechanisms involved by Lira, HIF-1α and mTOR activation were studied using western blotting. In vivo, islets (1000/kg body-weight) were transplanted into diabetic (streptozotocin) Lewis rats. Metabolic control was assessed for 1 month by measuring body-weight gain and fasting blood glucose. RESULTS Islet viability and function were respectively preserved and enhanced (p<0.05) with Lira, versus control. Lira increased CD31-positive cells, expression of VEGF and PDGFα (p<0.05) after 24 h in culture. Increased VEGF secretion versus control was also observed at 48 h (p<0.05). Moreover, Lira activated mTOR (p<0.05) signalling pathway. In vivo, Lira improved vascular density (p<0.01), body-weight gain (p<0.01) and reduced fasting blood glucose in transplanted rats (p<0.001). CONCLUSION The beneficial effects of liraglutide on islets appeared to be linked to its angiogenic properties. These findings indicated that glucagon-like peptide-1 analogues could be used to improve transplanted islet revascularisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Langlois
- UMR DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d’Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Bld René Leriche, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Carole Mura
- UMR DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d’Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Bld René Leriche, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - William Bietiger
- UMR DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d’Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Bld René Leriche, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Elodie Seyfritz
- UMR DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d’Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Bld René Leriche, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Camille Dollinger
- UMR DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d’Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Bld René Leriche, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Claude Peronet
- UMR DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d’Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Bld René Leriche, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Elisa Maillard
- UMR DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d’Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Bld René Leriche, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Michel Pinget
- UMR DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d’Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Bld René Leriche, 67200 Strasbourg, France
- Service d’Endocrinologie, Diabète, Maladies Métaboliques, Pôle NUDE, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Nathalie Jeandidier
- UMR DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d’Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Bld René Leriche, 67200 Strasbourg, France
- Service d’Endocrinologie, Diabète, Maladies Métaboliques, Pôle NUDE, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Séverine Sigrist
- UMR DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d’Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Bld René Leriche, 67200 Strasbourg, France
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Hawthorne WJ, Williams L, Chew YV. Clinical Islet Isolation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 938:89-122. [PMID: 27586424 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-39824-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The overarching success of islet transplantation relies on the success in the laboratory to isolate the islets. This chapter focuses on the processes of human islet cell isolation and the ways to optimally provide islet cells for transplantation. The major improvements in regards to the choice of enzyme type, way the digested pancreas tissue is handled to best separate islets from the acinar and surrounding tissues, the various methods of purification of the islets, their subsequent culture and quality assurance to improve outcomes to culminate in safe and effective islet transplantation will be discussed. After decades of improvements, islet cell isolation and transplantation now clearly offer a safe, effective and feasible therapeutic treatment option for an increasing number of patients suffering from type 1 diabetes specifically for those with severe hypoglycaemic unawareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne J Hawthorne
- National Pancreas and Islet Transplant Laboratories, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia. .,Department of Surgery, Westmead Clinical School, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia.
| | - Lindy Williams
- National Pancreas and Islet Transplant Laboratories, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Yi Vee Chew
- National Pancreas and Islet Transplant Laboratories, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
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Paredes-Juarez GA, Sahasrabudhe NM, Tjoelker RS, de Haan BJ, Engelse MA, de Koning EJP, Faas MM, de Vos P. DAMP production by human islets under low oxygen and nutrients in the presence or absence of an immunoisolating-capsule and necrostatin-1. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14623. [PMID: 26419792 PMCID: PMC4588515 DOI: 10.1038/srep14623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In between the period of transplantation and revascularization, pancreatic islets are exposed to low-oxygen and low-nutrient conditions. In the present study we mimicked those conditions in vitro to study the involvement of different cell death processes, release of danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMP), and associated in vitro immune activation. Under low-oxygen and low-nutrient conditions, apoptosis, autophagy and necroptosis occur in human islets. Necroptosis is responsible for DAMP-release such as dsDNA, uric acid, and HMGB1. The sensors of the innate immune system able to recognize these DAMPs are mainly TLR, NOD receptors, and C-type lectins. By using cell-lines with a non-functional adaptor molecule MyD88, we were able to show that the islet-derived DAMPs signal mainly via TLR. Immunoisolation in immunoprotective membranes reduced DAMP release and immune activation via retention of the relative large DAMPs in the capsules. Another effective strategy was suppressing necroptosis using the inhibitor nec-1. Although the effect on cell-survival was minor, nec-1 was able to reduce the release of HMGB1 and its associated immune activation. Our data demonstrate that in the immediate post-transplant period islets release DAMPs that in vitro enhance responses of innate immune cells. DAMP release can be reduced in vitro by immunoisolation or intervention with nec-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genaro A. Paredes-Juarez
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Section of Immunoendocrinology, Groningen, 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Neha M. Sahasrabudhe
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Section of Immunoendocrinology, Groningen, 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Reina S. Tjoelker
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Section of Immunoendocrinology, Groningen, 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Bart J. de Haan
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Section of Immunoendocrinology, Groningen, 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Marten A. Engelse
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Eelco J. P. de Koning
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Marijke M. Faas
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Section of Immunoendocrinology, Groningen, 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Paul de Vos
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Section of Immunoendocrinology, Groningen, 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
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Hals IK, Bruerberg SG, Ma Z, Scholz H, Björklund A, Grill V. Mitochondrial Respiration in Insulin-Producing β-Cells: General Characteristics and Adaptive Effects of Hypoxia. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138558. [PMID: 26401848 PMCID: PMC4581632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To provide novel insights on mitochondrial respiration in β-cells and the adaptive effects of hypoxia. Methods and Design Insulin-producing INS-1 832/13 cells were exposed to 18 hours of hypoxia followed by 20–22 hours re-oxygenation. Mitochondrial respiration was measured by high-resolution respirometry in both intact and permeabilized cells, in the latter after establishing three functional substrate-uncoupler-inhibitor titration (SUIT) protocols. Concomitant measurements included proteins of mitochondrial complexes (Western blotting), ATP and insulin secretion. Results Intact cells exhibited a high degree of intrinsic uncoupling, comprising about 50% of oxygen consumption in the basal respiratory state. Hypoxia followed by re-oxygenation increased maximal overall respiration. Exploratory experiments in peremabilized cells could not show induction of respiration by malate or pyruvate as reducing substrates, thus glutamate and succinate were used as mitochondrial substrates in SUIT protocols. Permeabilized cells displayed a high capacity for oxidative phosphorylation for both complex I- and II-linked substrates in relation to maximum capacity of electron transfer. Previous hypoxia decreased phosphorylation control of complex I-linked respiration, but not in complex II-linked respiration. Coupling control ratios showed increased coupling efficiency for both complex I- and II-linked substrates in hypoxia-exposed cells. Respiratory rates overall were increased. Also previous hypoxia increased proteins of mitochondrial complexes I and II (Western blotting) in INS-1 cells as well as in rat and human islets. Mitochondrial effects were accompanied by unchanged levels of ATP, increased basal and preserved glucose-induced insulin secretion. Conclusions Exposure of INS-1 832/13 cells to hypoxia, followed by a re-oxygenation period increases substrate-stimulated respiratory capacity and coupling efficiency. Such effects are accompanied by up-regulation of mitochondrial complexes also in pancreatic islets, highlighting adaptive capacities of possible importance in an islet transplantation setting. Results also indicate idiosyncrasies of β-cells that do not respire in response to a standard inclusion of malate in SUIT protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid K. Hals
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Simon Gustafson Bruerberg
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Zuheng Ma
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hanne Scholz
- Department of Transplantation Medicine and Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anneli Björklund
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Valdemar Grill
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, St Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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43
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Najjar M, Manzoli V, Abreu M, Villa C, Martino MM, Molano RD, Torrente Y, Pileggi A, Inverardi L, Ricordi C, Hubbell JA, Tomei AA. Fibrin gels engineered with pro-angiogenic growth factors promote engraftment of pancreatic islets in extrahepatic sites in mice. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 112:1916-26. [PMID: 25786390 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
With a view toward reduction of graft loss, we explored pancreatic islet transplantation within fibrin matrices rendered pro-angiogenic by incorporation of minimal doses of vascular endothelial growth factor-A165 and platelet-derived growth factor-BB presented complexed to a fibrin-bound integrin-binding fibronectin domain. Engineered matrices allowed for extended release of pro-angiogenic factors and for their synergistic signaling with extracellular matrix-binding domains in the post-transplant period. Aprotinin addition delayed matrix degradation and prolonged pro-angiogenic factor availability within the graft. Both subcutaneous (SC) and epididymal fat pad (EFP) sites were evaluated. We show that in the SC site, diabetes reversal in mice transplanted with 1,000 IEQ of syngeneic islets was not observed for islets transplanted alone, while engineered matrices resulted in a diabetes median reversal time (MDRT) of 38 days. In the EFP site, the MDRT with 250 IEQ of syngeneic islets within the engineered matrices was 24 days versus 86 days for islets transplanted alone. Improved function of engineered grafts was associated with enhanced and earlier (by day 7) angiogenesis. Our findings show that by engineering the transplant site to promote prompt re-vascularization, engraftment and long-term function of islet grafts can be improved in relevant extrahepatic sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mejdi Najjar
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1450 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, Florida
| | - Vita Manzoli
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1450 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, Florida.,Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Abreu
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1450 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, Florida
| | - Chiara Villa
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1450 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, Florida.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, Italy.,Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Italy
| | - Mikaël M Martino
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - R Damaris Molano
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1450 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, Florida
| | - Yvan Torrente
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1450 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, Florida.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, Italy.,Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Italy
| | - Antonello Pileggi
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1450 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, Florida.,Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Luca Inverardi
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1450 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, Florida.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.,Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Camillo Ricordi
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1450 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, Florida.,Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.,Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Jeffrey A Hubbell
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1450 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, Florida.,Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alice A Tomei
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1450 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, Florida. .,Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.
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44
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Jung IR, Choi SE, Jung JG, Lee SA, Han SJ, Kim HJ, Kim DJ, Lee KW, Kang Y. Involvement of iron depletion in palmitate-induced lipotoxicity of beta cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 407:74-84. [PMID: 25779532 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
High levels of plasma free fatty acid are thought to contribute to the loss of pancreatic beta-cells in type 2 diabetes. In particular, saturated fatty acid such as palmitate or stearate can induce apoptosis in cultured beta cells (lipotoxicity). Endoplasmic reticulum stress is a critical mediator of free fatty acid-induced lipotoxicity. Recently, disorders in mitochondrial respiratory metabolism have been linked to lipotoxicity. Since iron is a critical component of respiratory metabolism, this study is initiated to determine whether abnormal iron metabolism is involved in palmitate-induced beta cell death. Immunoblotting analysis showed that treatment of INS-1 beta cells with palmitate reduced the level of transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1), but increased the level of heavy chain ferritin (FTH). In addition, palmitate reduced intracellular labile iron pool. Whereas iron depletion through treatment with iron-chelators deferoxamine or deferasirox augmented palmitate-induced cell death, iron supplementation with ferric chloride, ferrous sulfate, or holo-transferrin significantly protected cells against palmitate-induced death. Furthermore, overexpression of TfR1 reduced palmitate-induced cell death, whereas knockdown of TfR1 augmented cell death. In particular, treatment with deferoxamine increased the level of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers phospho-PERK, phospho-eIF2α, CHOP and phospho-c-Jun N-terminal kinase. Treatment with chemical chaperone significantly protected cells against deferoxamine-induced apoptosis. Iron supplementation also protected cells against palmitate-induced primary islet death. These data suggest that iron depletion plays an important role in palmitate-induced beta cell death through inducing ER stress. Therefore, attempts to block iron depletion might be able to prevent beta cell loss in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ik-Rak Jung
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 442-749, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, The Graduate School, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 442-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-E Choi
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 442-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Gab Jung
- Department of Biomedical Science, The Graduate School, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 442-749, Republic of Korea; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 442-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-A Lee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 442-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jin Han
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 442-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Jin Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 442-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Jung Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 442-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan-Woo Lee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 442-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Yup Kang
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 442-749, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, The Graduate School, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 442-749, Republic of Korea.
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45
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Sabatini PV, Lynn FC. All-encomPASsing regulation of β-cells: PAS domain proteins in β-cell dysfunction and diabetes. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2015; 26:49-57. [PMID: 25500169 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
As a sensory micro-organ, pancreatic β-cells continually respond to nutritional signals and neuroendocrine input from other glucoregulatory organs. This sensory ability is essential for normal β-cell function and systemic glucose homeostasis. Period circadian protein (Per)-aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator protein (Arnt)-single-minded protein (Sim) (PAS) domain proteins have a conserved role as sensory proteins, critical in adaptation to changes in voltage, oxygen potential, and xenobiotics. Within β-cells, PAS domain proteins such as hypoxia inducible factor 1α (Hif1α), Arnt, PAS kinase, Bmal1, and Clock respond to disparate stimuli, but act in concert to maintain proper β-cell function. Elucidating the function of these factors in islets offers a unique insight into the sensing capacity of β-cells, the consequences of impaired sensory function, and the potential to develop novel therapeutic targets for preserving β-cell function in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul V Sabatini
- Diabetes Research Group, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; The Departments of Surgery and Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 4H4 Canada.
| | - Francis C Lynn
- Diabetes Research Group, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; The Departments of Surgery and Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 4H4 Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker H Haase
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Departments of Medicine, Cancer Biology, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, and Medicine and Research Services, Department of Veterans Affairs Hospital, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
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47
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Scott C, Bonner J, Min D, Boughton P, Stokes R, Cha KM, Walters SN, Maslowski K, Sierro F, Grey ST, Twigg S, McLennan S, Gunton JE. Reduction of ARNT in myeloid cells causes immune suppression and delayed wound healing. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2014; 307:C349-57. [PMID: 24990649 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00306.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT) is a transcription factor that binds to partners to mediate responses to environmental signals. To investigate its role in the innate immune system, floxed ARNT mice were bred with lysozyme M-Cre recombinase animals to generate lysozyme M-ARNT (LAR) mice with reduced ARNT expression. Myeloid cells of LAR mice had altered mRNA expression and delayed wound healing. Interestingly, when the animals were rendered diabetic, the difference in wound healing between the LAR mice and their littermate controls was no longer present, suggesting that decreased myeloid cell ARNT function may be an important factor in impaired wound healing in diabetes. Deferoxamine (DFO) improves wound healing by increasing hypoxia-inducible factors, which require ARNT for function. DFO was not effective in wounds of LAR mice, again suggesting that myeloid cells are important for normal wound healing and for the full benefit of DFO. These findings suggest that myeloid ARNT is important for immune function and wound healing. Increasing ARNT and, more specifically, myeloid ARNT may be a therapeutic strategy to improve wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Scott
- Diabetes and Transcription Factors Group, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James Bonner
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Danqing Min
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philip Boughton
- St. George Clinical School, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rebecca Stokes
- Diabetes and Transcription Factors Group, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kuan Minn Cha
- Diabetes and Transcription Factors Group, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stacey N Walters
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kendle Maslowski
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Frederic Sierro
- Liver Immunology, Centenary Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shane T Grey
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen Twigg
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Susan McLennan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jenny E Gunton
- Diabetes and Transcription Factors Group, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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48
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Catrina SB. Impaired hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) regulation by hyperglycemia. J Mol Med (Berl) 2014; 92:1025-34. [PMID: 25027070 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-014-1166-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms that contribute to the development of diabetes complications remain unclear. A defective reaction of tissues to hypoxia has recently emerged as a new pathogenic mechanism and consists of a complex repression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), which is the main regulator of the adaptive response to hypoxia. This paper discusses the mechanisms by which hyperglycaemia contributes to HIF repression in diabetes. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis of the functional relevance of these new findings to the development of chronic diabetes complications is provided, along with examples from animal models and clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergiu-Bogdan Catrina
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska University Hospital, L1:01, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden,
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Lalwani A, Stokes RA, Lau SM, Gunton JE. Deletion of ARNT (Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator) in β-cells causes islet transplant failure with impaired β-cell function. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98435. [PMID: 24878748 PMCID: PMC4039512 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Replacing β-cells by islet-transplantation can cure type 1 diabetes, but up to 70% of β-cells die within 10 days of transplantation. ARNT (Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator) regulates β-cell function, and potentially survival. Lack of ARNT impairs the ability of β-cells to respond to physiological stress and potentiates the onset of diabetes, but the exact role of ARNT in graft outcome is unknown. Aim To investigate the effect of β-cell deletion of ARNT on graft outcomes. Methods Islets were isolated from donor mice which had β-cell specific ARNT-deletion (β-ARNT) or littermate floxed controls. The islets were transplanted into diabetic SCID recipients in ratios of (a) 3 donors: 1 recipient, (b) 1 donor: 1 recipient or (c) ½ of the islets from 1 donor: 1 recipient. After 28 days, the kidney containing the graft was removed (nephrectomy) to exclude regeneration of the endogenous pancreas. Results In the supra-physiological-mass model (3∶1), both groups achieved reasonable glycaemia, with slightly higher levels in β-ARNT-recipients. In adequate-mass model (1∶1), β-ARNT recipients had poor glucose control versus floxed-control recipients and versus the β-ARNT donors. In the low-β-cell-mass model (½:1) β-ARNT transplants completely failed, whereas controls had good outcomes. Unexpectedly, there was no difference in the graft insulin content or β-cell mass between groups indicating that the defect was not due to early altered β-cell survival. Conclusion Outcomes for islet transplants lacking β-cell ARNT were poor, unless markedly supra-physiological masses of islets were transplanted. In the 1∶1 transplant model, there was no difference in β-cell volume. This is surprising because transplants of islets lacking one of the ARNT-partners HIF-1α have increased apoptosis and decreased islet volume. ARNT also partners HIF-2α and AhR (aryl hydrocarbon receptor) to form active transcriptional complexes, and further work to understand the roles of HIF-2α and AhR in transplant outcomes is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Lalwani
- Diabetes and Transcription Factors Group, Garvan Institute of Medical Research (GIMR), Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rebecca A. Stokes
- Diabetes and Transcription Factors Group, Garvan Institute of Medical Research (GIMR), Sydney, Australia
| | - Sue Mei Lau
- Diabetes and Transcription Factors Group, Garvan Institute of Medical Research (GIMR), Sydney, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jenny E. Gunton
- Diabetes and Transcription Factors Group, Garvan Institute of Medical Research (GIMR), Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- * E-mail:
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50
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Hughes A, Rojas-Canales D, Drogemuller C, Voelcker NH, Grey ST, Coates PTH. IGF2: an endocrine hormone to improve islet transplant survival. J Endocrinol 2014; 221:R41-8. [PMID: 24883437 DOI: 10.1530/joe-13-0557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the week following pancreatic islet transplantation, up to 50% of transplanted islets are lost due to apoptotic cell death triggered by hypoxic and pro-inflammatory cytokine-mediated cell stress. Thus, therapeutic approaches designed to protect islet cells from apoptosis could significantly improve islet transplant success. IGF2 is an anti-apoptotic endocrine protein that inhibits apoptotic cell death through the mitochondrial (intrinsic pathway) or via antagonising activation of pro-inflammatory cytokine signalling (extrinsic pathway), in doing so IGF2 has emerged as a promising therapeutic molecule to improve islet survival in the immediate post-transplant period. The development of novel biomaterials coated with IGF2 is a promising strategy to achieve this. This review examines the mechanisms mediating islet cell apoptosis in the peri- and post-transplant period and aims to identify the utility of IGF2 to promote islet survival and enhance long-term insulin independence rates within the setting of clinical islet transplantation.
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