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Cai T, Dong Y, Feng Z, Cai B. Ameliorative effects of the mixed aqueous extract of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus and Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex on loperamide-induced STC mice. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33705. [PMID: 39040398 PMCID: PMC11261063 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Aurantii fructus immaturus (AFI) and Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex (MOC) have been used to treat constipation in China for thousands of years. In this study, a mouse model of slow transit constipation (STC) was established by gavage of loperamide at a dose of 10 mg/kg bw/day for seven days. Seventy-two mice were randomly allocated to six groups (control, STC model, 3 g/kg AFI + MOC, 6 g/kg AFI + MOC, 12 g/kg AFI + MOC, and mosapride). A mixed aqueous extract of AFI and MOC was administered to the STC mice at the corresponding doses from the first day of modelling. Body weight, faecal water content, gastrointestinal transit time, and intestinal propulsion rate were evaluated. Serum levels of neurotransmitters and gastrointestinal hormones, colonic expression of aquaporins (AQP), and interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) were assessed using ELISA, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot analysis. The abundance and diversity of the gut microbiota were analysed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The mixed aqueous extract significantly increased faecal water content and intestinal propulsion rate and shortened gastrointestinal transit time in STC mice. Furthermore, the administration of AFI and MOC significantly decreased serum vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), nitric oxide (NO), and somatostatin (SS) levels and increased serum motilin (MTL) levels in STC mice. The protein expression levels of AQP3 and AQP4 in the colon tissue of STC mice significantly decreased following AFI + MOC treatment, whereas those of AQP9 significantly increased. Moreover, the AFI + MOC treatment led to an increase in the number and functionality of ICCs. In addition, the relative abundances of Ruminococcus and Oscillospira increased in response to the administration of AFI + MOC in STC mice. In conclusion, the mixed aqueous extract of AFI and MOC promoted defaecation and increased intestinal mobility in STC mice. Its mechanisms of action involve modulatory effects on neurotransmitters, gastrointestinal hormones, AQPs, and ICCs. AFI + MOC treatment also improved the diversity and abundance of the gut microbiota in STC mice, particularly short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria, which may play an important role in its beneficial effect on constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Cai
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Yun Dong
- Department of Pathology, Wuxi Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, 214071, China
| | - Zeyu Feng
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Wuxi Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, 214071, China
| | - Bin Cai
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Wuxi Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, 214071, China
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Liang Q, Wang JW, Bai YR, Li RL, Wu CJ, Peng W. Targeting TRPV1 and TRPA1: A feasible strategy for natural herbal medicines to combat postoperative ileus. Pharmacol Res 2023; 196:106923. [PMID: 37709183 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Under physiological or pathological conditions, transient receptor potential (TRP) channel vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) and TRP ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) possess the ability to detect a vast array of stimuli and execute diverse functions. Interestingly, increasing works have reported that activation of TRPV1 and TRPA1 could also be beneficial for ameliorating postoperative ileus (POI). Increasing research has revealed that the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is rich in TRPV1/TRPA1, which can be stimulated by capsaicin, allicin and other compounds. This activation stimulates a variety of neurotransmitters, leading to increased intestinal motility and providing protective effects against GI injury. POI is the most common emergent complication following abdominal and pelvic surgery, and is characterized by postoperative bowel dysfunction, pain, and inflammatory responses. It is noteworthy that natural herbs are gradually gaining recognition as a potential therapeutic option for POI due to the lack of effective pharmacological interventions. Therefore, the focus of this paper is on the TRPV1/TRPA1 channel, and an analysis and summary of the processes and mechanism by which natural herbs activate TRPV1/TRPA1 to enhance GI motility and relieve pain are provided, which will lay the foundation for the development of natural herb treatments for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Jing-Wen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Yu-Ru Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Ruo-Lan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Chun-Jie Wu
- Institute of Innovation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China.
| | - Wei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China.
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Zhou D, Liu X, Lan L, Yu W, Qiu R, Wu J, Teng C, Huang L, Yu C, Zeng Y. Protective effects of Liupao tea against high-fat diet/cold exposure-induced irritable bowel syndrome in rats. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16613. [PMID: 37303551 PMCID: PMC10248097 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Liupao tea as a type of dark tea can relieve irritable bowel syndrome by regulating gut microbiota, but the mechanism has not been fully explained. An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography along with quadrupole time of flight tandem mass spectrometry was used to analyze the phytochemicals in Liupao tea. Then, we explored the effects of Liupao tea against IBS. From the results of chemical analysis, we identified catechins, polyphenols, amino acids, caffeine, polysaccharides and other components in Liupao tea. The open-field test, gastrointestinal function-related indexes, histochemical assays, measurements of cytokine and aquaporin 3 (AQP3), and determination of serum metabolites were utilized to monitor the physiological consequences of Liupao tea administration in rats with irritable bowel syndrome. The results showed that Liupao tea had a significant protective effect on irritable bowel syndrome. Liupao tea increased locomotive velocity while reducing interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels, as well as gastrointestinal injury. Moreover, Liupao tea increased the AQP3 levels of renal tissues but reduced the AQP3 levels of gastrointestinal tissues. Liupao tea reduced the Firmicutes/Bacteroides ratio and significantly reconstructed the microbial pattern. Liupao tea relieved irritable bowel syndrome by repairing gastrointestinal dysfunction, regulating the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, modulating water metabolism, and restoring microbial homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danshui Zhou
- School of Traditional Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaotong Liu
- School of Traditional Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lunli Lan
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Wenxin Yu
- School of Traditional Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruijin Qiu
- Wuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Jianhua Wu
- Wuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Cuiqin Teng
- Wuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Liyun Huang
- Wuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Cuiping Yu
- Wuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Yu Zeng
- School of Traditional Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Randjelović M, Branković S, Jovanović M, Kitić N, Živanović S, Mihajilov-Krstev T, Miladinović B, Milutinović M, Kitić D. An In Vitro and In Silico Characterization of Salvia sclarea L. Methanolic Extracts as Spasmolytic Agents. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051376. [PMID: 37242618 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of medicinal plant species and their products is widespread in the field of gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the traditional use of Salvia sclarea L., clary sage, finding the possible mechanisms of its spasmolytic and bronchodilator actions in in vitro conditions supported by molecular docking analysis, along with the antimicrobial effects. Four dry extracts were prepared from the aerial parts of S. sclarea, using absolute or 80% (v/v) methanol by the method of a single-stage maceration or an ultrasound-assisted extraction. Characterization of the bioactive compounds by high-performance liquid chromatography indicated the presence of significant amounts of polyphenolics, with rosmarinic acid as the prevalent one. The spontaneous ileal contractions were best inhibited by the extract prepared with 80% methanol and maceration. The same extract was superior in the carbachol- and KCl-induced tracheal smooth muscle contractions, being the strongest bronchodilator agent. The most powerful relaxation of KCl-induced ileal contractions was achieved with the extract made of absolute methanol by maceration, while the 80% methanolic extract made with the ultrasound method generated the best spasmolytic effects in the acetylcholine-induced ileal contractions. Docking analysis suggested that apigenin-7-O-glucoside and luteolin-7-O-glucoside exhibited the highest binding affinity to voltage-gated calcium channels. Gram (+) bacteria were more susceptible to the effects of the extracts, particularly Staphylococcus aureus, in contrast to Gram (-) bacteria and Candida albicans. This is the first study to point out the influence of S. sclarea methanolic extracts on the gastrointestinal and respiratory spasm reduction, paving the way for their potential place in complementary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Randjelović
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Blvd. Dr Zorana Djindjića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Suzana Branković
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Blvd. Dr Zorana Djindjića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Miloš Jovanović
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Blvd. Dr Zorana Djindjića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Nemanja Kitić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Blvd. Dr Zorana Djindjića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Slavoljub Živanović
- Research Center for Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Blvd. Dr Zorana Djindjića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Mihajilov-Krstev
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Nis, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Bojana Miladinović
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Blvd. Dr Zorana Djindjića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Milica Milutinović
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Blvd. Dr Zorana Djindjića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Dušanka Kitić
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Blvd. Dr Zorana Djindjića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia
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Magnolia officinalis Bark Extract Prevents Enterocyte Death in a Colitis Mouse Model by Inhibiting ROS-Mediated Necroptosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122435. [PMID: 36552643 PMCID: PMC9774795 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Necroptosis is a form of programmed cell death with features of necrosis and apoptosis that occurs in the intestinal epithelium of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. In addition, necroptosis has also been observed in enterocytes in animal models of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Thus, the discovery of natural products for regulating necroptosis may represent an important therapeutic strategy for improving IBD. We found that Magnolia officinalis bark extract (MBE) prevented weight loss and suppressed the activation of the proinflammatory cytokine IL6 in DSS-induced colitis. Furthermore, MBE restored the length of the damaged colon and decreased the expression of necroptosis markers in mice with DSS-induced colitis. In vitro, necroptosis-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was reduced by MBE, and the expression of COX2, a target protein of ROS, was simultaneously suppressed. Both magnolol and honokiol, the two major bioactive compounds in MBE, inhibited necroptosis in human primary intestinal epithelial cells and colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. Our findings highlight the effectiveness of MBE in modulating enterocyte necroptosis and suggest that MBE may be developed as a natural, disease-targeting drug for the treatment of colitis.
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Zhang J, Li H, Hou L, Sun J, Wang W, Li H, Yang W, Rong P, Nan T, Kang L, Yang B. Pharmacokinetics and metabolites of glycosides and lignans of the stem bark of Magnolia officinalis in functional dyspepsia and normal rats using LC-MS/MS. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:3663-3678. [PMID: 35908283 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The stem bark of Magnolia officinalis is a traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of abdominal distention and functional dyspepsia. The pharmacokinetics of three glycosides (magnoloside A, magnoloside B, and syringin) and two lignans (honokiol and magnolol) in both of normal and functional dyspepsia rats were firstly investigated by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry method and the influences of the coexisting compounds on the pharmacokinetic parameters of honokiol and magnolol were also studied. It was found that all of the five target compounds were quickly absorbed and eliminated in both of normal and functional dyspepsia rats, while, their residence time was significantly decreased in pathological states except magnoloside A. The coexisting compounds in the stem bark of M. officinalis significantly reduced absorption and increased elimination of honokiol in vivo. It's worth noticing that the volume of distribution of lignan was quite lower than that of glycoside. Moreover, the metabolic profiling of magnoloside A, honokiol, and magnolol in vivo was analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry method, from which three prototypes were identified and thirty five metabolites were putatively characterized, and eighteen unknown metabolites were reasonably characterized for the first time. The results indicated that sulfation and glucuronidation were the main metabolic pathways of honokiol and magnolol. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jidan Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Liwei Hou
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Jianhui Sun
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Weihao Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Hua Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Weipeng Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Peijing Rong
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Tiegui Nan
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Liping Kang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Bin Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
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Niu L, Wang J, Shen F, Gao J, Jiang M, Bai G. Magnolol and honokiol target TRPC4 to regulate extracellular calcium influx and relax intestinal smooth muscle. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 290:115105. [PMID: 35157953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Magnolia officinalis Cortex (M. officinalis) is a classical traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) widely used to treat digestive system diseases. It effectively regulates gastrointestinal motility to improve abdominal pain, abdominal distension and other symptoms. Magnolol (MAG) and honokiol (HON) are the main pharmacodynamic components responsible for the gastrointestinal activity of M. officinalis. AIM OF THE STUDY The transient receptor potential (TRP) family is highly expressed in the gastrointestinal tract and participates in the regulation of gastrointestinal motility, visceral hypersensitivity, visceral secretion and other physiological activities. In this study, the calcium-lowering mechanisms of MAG and HON contributing to the smooth muscle relaxation associated with TRP are discussed. MATERIALS AND METHODS The relaxation smooth muscle effects of MAG and HON were tested by the isolated intestine tone tests. A synthetic MAG probe (MAG-P) was used to target fishing for their possible target. The distribution of MAG on the smooth muscle was identified by a molecular tracer based on chemical biology. Ca2+ imaging and dual-luciferase reporter assays were used to determine the effects on the target proteins. Finally, the calcium-mediating effects of MAG and HON on smooth muscle cells and TRPC4-knockdown cells were compared to verify the potential mechanism. RESULTS After confirming the smooth muscle relaxation in the small intestine induced by MAG and HON, the relaxation effect was identified mainly due to the downregulation of intracellular calcium by controlling external calcium influx. Although MAG and HON inhibited both TRPV4 and TRPC4 channels to reduce calcium levels, the inhibitory effect on TRPC4 channels is an important mechanism of their smooth muscle relaxation effect, since TRPC4 is widely expressed in the small intestinal smooth muscle cells. CONCLUSIONS The inhibition of MAG and HON on TRPC4 channels contributes to the relaxation of intestinal smooth muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Niu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, PR China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300353, PR China
| | - Fukui Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300353, PR China
| | - Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300353, PR China
| | - Min Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300353, PR China
| | - Gang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300353, PR China.
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Niu L, Hou Y, Jiang M, Bai G. The rich pharmacological activities of Magnolia officinalis and secondary effects based on significant intestinal contributions. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 281:114524. [PMID: 34400262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Magnolia officinalis Cortex (M. officinalis) is a traditional herbal drug widely used in Asian countries. Depending on its multiple biological activities, M. officinalis is used to regulate gastrointestinal (GI) motility, relieve cough and asthma, prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and treat depression and anxiety. AIM OF THE REVIEW We aimed to review the abundant form of pharmacodynamics activity and potential mechanisms of action of M. officinalis and the characteristics of the internal processes of the main components. The potential mechanisms of local and distance actions of M. officinalis based on GI tract was provided, and it was used to reveal the interconnections between traditional use, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. MATERIALS AND METHODS Published literatures about M. officinalis and its main components were collected from several scientific databases, including PubMed, Elsevier, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and Web of Science etc. RESULTS: M. officinalis was shown multiple effects including effects on digestive system, respiratory system, central system, which is consistent with traditional applications, as well as some other activities such as cardiovascular system, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects and so on. The mechanisms of these activities are abundant. Its chief ingredients such as magnolol and honokiol can be metabolized into active metabolites in vivo, which can increase water solubility and bioavailability and exert pharmacological activity in the whole body. In the GI tract, M. officinalis and its main ingredient can regulate GI hormones and substance metabolism, protect the intestinal barrier and affect the gut microbiota (GM). These actions are effective to improve local discomfort and some distal symptoms such as depression, asthma, or metabolic disorders. CONCLUSIONS Although M. officinalis has rich pharmacological effects, the GI tract makes great contributions to it. The GI tract is not only an important place for absorption and metabolism but also a key site to help M. officinalis exert local and distal efficacy. Pharmacodynamical studies on the efficacies of distal tissues based on the contributions of the GI tract hold great potential for understanding the benefits of M. officinalis and providing new ideas for the treatment of important diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Niu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300353, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300353, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300353, People's Republic of China.
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Wang D, Zhao R, Duan HX, Zhang MM, He L, Ye X, Wei DN, Wu CJ. Research progress regarding potential effects of traditional Chinese medicine on postoperative intestinal obstruction. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 73:1007-1022. [PMID: 33861338 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgaa054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Postoperative intestinal obstruction is a common postoperative complication with typical symptoms of abdominal pain, vomiting, abdominal distension and constipation. The principal aim of this paper is to provide a full-scale review on the categories and characteristics of postoperative intestinal obstruction, pathophysiology, effects and detailed mechanisms of compounds and monomers from traditional Chinese medicine for treating postoperative intestinal obstruction. Moreover, the possible development and perspectives for future research are also analyzed. METHODS Literature regarding postoperative intestinal obstruction as well as the anti-pio effect of aqueous extracts and monomers from traditional Chinese medicine in the last 20 years was summarized. KEY FINDINGS To date, approximately 30 compounds and 25 monomers isolated from traditional Chinese medicine including terpenes, alkaloids, polysaccharides, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids and quinones, have exerted significant antipio effect. This paper reviews the effective doses, models, detailed mechanisms, and composition of these traditional Chinese medicine compounds, as well as the structure of these monomers. Moreover, challenges existed in the current investigation and further perspectives were discussed as well, hoping to provide a reference for future clinical treatment of postoperative intestinal obstruction and the development of new drugs. CONCLUSIONS Above all, the convincing evidence from modern pharmacology studies powerfully supported the great potential of traditional Chinese medicine in the management of postoperative intestinal obstruction. Regrettably, less attention was currently paid on the mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine compounds and monomers with antipio effect. Consequently, future study should focus on monomer-mechanism and structure-function relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Rong Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hu-Xinyue Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Meng-Meng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin He
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xun Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Da-Neng Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chun-Jie Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Shi Y, Xu J, Ding B, Chen G, Jin L, Ke L, Xu X, Wang J, Sun Q, Xu X. Gastrointestinal Motility and Improvement Efficacy of Shenhuang Plaster Application on Shenque: Identification, Evaluation, and Mechanism. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:2383970. [PMID: 32733972 PMCID: PMC7369653 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2383970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Constipation, a gastrointestinal function disorder, is one of the side effects of paclitaxel (PTX) chemotherapy. Shenhuang plaster (SHP) application on the Shenque acupoint promotes gut motility in clinical settings. In this study, we elucidated the ingredients in SHP and evaluated its effects on PTX-induced constipation using a tumour-bearing mouse model. SHP was prepared using the traditional Chinese plaster preparation method. The ingredients were analysed using UPLC-MS/MS and identified via screening in a standard drug database. The gastrointestinal transit was evaluated by the movement of a fluorescein-labelled dextran in the gastrointestinal tract. A histological study of the mucosa was carried out after haematoxylin and eosin staining. mRNA expression was assessed using real-time RT-PCR, and the foetal microbiota composition was elucidated through 16 s rDNA sequencing and BLAST analysis. Our results indicate that the application of SHP attenuated weight gain inhibition by PTX; however, no inhibitory effect was observed on tumour growth. PTX-induced sluggish intestine, villus, and mucosal base layer damage were significantly improved following the application of SHP. Further, SHP enhanced the stimulation efficiency of PTX on TLR4 and its downstream cytokines, as well as on IL-1β in intestinal cells. SHP combined with PTX reshaped the microbiota, which showed beneficial effects on health. Hence, these results provide evidence that SHP alleviates PTX-induced constipation and intestinal morphological damage but augments the effects of PTX on the expression of cytokines in the TLR4 pathway and IL-1β. Therefore, we propose that SHP stimulates the host immune response to eradicate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Shi
- The College of Nursing, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jingming Xu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Bin Ding
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Guiping Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Lu Jin
- School of Second Clinical Medical, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Liang Ke
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 830052, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- The College of Nursing, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - JingXia Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Qiuhua Sun
- The College of Nursing, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Xiaohong Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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Tian H, Zhao L, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Mao X, Wang J, Li T, Li J, You Z, Ruan Q, Jiang L. The Therapeutic Effects of Magnolia Officinalis Extraction on an Antibiotics-Induced Intestinal Dysbacteriosis in Mice. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:2413-2421. [PMID: 32561976 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02056-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Magnolia officinalis bark is a traditional Chinese medicine for gastrointestinal tract disorders. In this study, we explored the effects of M. officinalis extraction on intestinal flora to reveal its mechanism. Thirty SPF mice were divided into five groups: C (control), M (M. officinalis), A (antibiotics: cefradine and gentamicin sulfate), A&M (antibiotics + M. officinalis) and A&N (antibiotics + natural recovery). Faecal samples of all groups were collected and the taxonomic composition and diversity of bacteria was characterized using the 16S rRNA gene (16S). Alpha diversity showed gut bacteria diversity significantly decreased in the A group of mice but increased markedly after administration of M. officinalis extract. Beta diversity indicated that C, M and A&M shared similar bacterial community structure while A and A&N exhibited a different bacterial community. Furthermore, RDA combined with spearman correlation heatmap suggested the five physiological indicators (weight, fur, activity and feces) were highly correlated with bacterial community structure and diversity. Finally, functional categorization of the assigned OTUs was performed using the PICRUSt tool. The changes in PICRUSt inferred that function profile and metabolic pathways were observed in A and A&M, therefore the M. officinalis extract improved the intestinal flora of A&M and normalized its metabolic pathways gradually, improving mouse weight, fur quality, activity and feces qualities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Tian
- College of Life Science and Technology, Mianyang Normal University, No. 166, Southern Mianxin Road, Mianyang, 621006, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Mianyang Normal University, No. 166, Southern Mianxin Road, Mianyang, 621006, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Mianyang Normal University, No. 166, Southern Mianxin Road, Mianyang, 621006, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Mianyang Normal University, No. 166, Southern Mianxin Road, Mianyang, 621006, China
| | - Xia Mao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Mianyang Normal University, No. 166, Southern Mianxin Road, Mianyang, 621006, China
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 610081, China.
| | - Tao Li
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24, Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jungang Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Mianyang Normal University, No. 166, Southern Mianxin Road, Mianyang, 621006, China
| | - Zhangqiang You
- College of Life Science and Technology, Mianyang Normal University, No. 166, Southern Mianxin Road, Mianyang, 621006, China
| | - Qiping Ruan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Mianyang Normal University, No. 166, Southern Mianxin Road, Mianyang, 621006, China
| | - Lichun Jiang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Mianyang Normal University, No. 166, Southern Mianxin Road, Mianyang, 621006, China
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Kim A, Lee SY, Seo CS, Chung SK. Ethanol extract of Magnoliae cortex (EEMC) limits teratoma formation of pluripotent stem cells by selective elimination of undifferentiated cells through the p53-dependent mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 69:153198. [PMID: 32151917 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are regarded as the best potential cell source for cell-based regenerative medicine. To develop a safe and efficient iPSC-based cell therapy, it is very important to avoid possible teratoma formation, which can arise from undifferentiated iPSCs (USCs) remaining among differentiated cell products. Dried bark of Magnolia officinalis (Magnolia cortex, MC) has long been used in traditional medicine to treat gastrointestinal ailments and allergic diseases, and has shown have various pharmacological activities, including anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects. However, its effects on iPSCs have not yet been examined. PURPOSE In this study, we investigated the selective cytotoxic effects of ethanol extract of MC (EEMC) on undifferentiated iPSCs and elucidated the underlying apoptotic mechanisms in detail. We also investigated the inhibitory effects of EEMC on teratoma formation via in ovo experiments. RESULTS We found that EEMC greatly reduced cell growth and induced apoptotic cell death in USCs, but not in differentiated or normal cells. EEMC caused G2/M cell cycle arrest, mitochondrial damage, and caspase activation of USCs, accompanied by p53 accumulation. In p53KO human iPSCs, EEMC had no cytotoxicity, reinforcing that EEMC-mediated apoptosis of USCs is p53-dependent. EEMC did not cause DNA damage in iPSC-derived differentiated cells. In ovo teratoma formation assay revealed that EEMC treatment before injection efficiently eliminated USCs and prevented teratoma formation. CONCLUSIONS These results collectively indicate that EEMC has potent anti-teratoma activity, and therefore can be used for the development of safe iPSC-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aeyung Kim
- Division of Clinical Medicine, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seo-Young Lee
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Seob Seo
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Ku Chung
- Division of Clinical Medicine, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea.
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Huang G, Zhang M, Sun J, Bai Y, Li L, Xue Z, He Y, Li H, Yang B. Determination of Flavonoids in Magnolia officinalis Leaves Based on Response Surface Optimization of Infrared Assisted Extraction Followed by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). ANAL LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2020.1732401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoying Huang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, China
| | - Mingxiao Zhang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxing Sun
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuqi Bai
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Li
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenzhen Xue
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxin He
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua Li
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Yang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, China
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Usefulness of a Kampo Medicine on Stress-Induced Delayed Gastric Emptying in Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:3797219. [PMID: 32089720 PMCID: PMC7013301 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3797219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety and depression often occur with gastrointestinal symptoms. Although the Japanese traditional medicine (Kampo medicine) bukuryoingohangekobokuto (BGH) is approved for treating anxiety, neurotic gastritis, and heartburn, its effect on gastrointestinal motility remains poorly known. This study aimed to examine the effect of BGH on delayed gastric emptying in stress model mice and clarified its action mechanism. Seven-week-old C57BL/6 male mice were acclimated for a week and fasted overnight. Stress hormone, corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), was intracerebroventricularly injected to mice, and solid nutrient meal (ground chow and distilled water) was orally administered 1 hour after. Gastric contents were collected to evaluate gastric emptying rates by measuring its dry weight. Injection of CRF (0.3 or 1.0 μg/mouse) significantly delayed the 2-hour gastric emptying in mice. BGH (1.0 g/kg), which was administered 30 minutes before the CRF injection, significantly ameliorated the delayed gastric emptying induced by CRF (0.3 μg/mouse). BGH (0.5, 1.0 g/kg) significantly enhanced the 1-hour gastric emptying and slightly increased the 2-hour gastric emptying in mice without CRF injection. In vitro functional assays showed that components of BGH antagonized or inhibited CRF type-2, dopamine D2/D3, neuropeptide Y Y2 receptors, or acetylcholinesterase. In conclusion, the components of BGH may exert synergistic effects on improving gastric emptying via various targets. BGH is considered to be potentially useful for treating gastrointestinal dysmotility with psychological symptoms.
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Luo H, Wu H, Yu X, Zhang X, Lu Y, Fan J, Tang L, Wang Z. A review of the phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of Magnoliae officinalis cortex. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 236:412-442. [PMID: 30818008 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex (the dried bark of Magnolia officinalis), a widely used traditional Chinese medicine, is also known as 'Houpo' (Chinese: ). Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex has a wide range of pharmacological effects and has been used to treat conditions such as abdominal distention, vomiting, diarrhea, food accumulation, Qi stagnation, constipation, phlegm and fluid retention and cough resulting from asthma. AIMS OF THE REVIEW The present paper reviews advances in research relating to the botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex. Prospects for future investigation and application of this herb are also discussed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information on Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex was obtained from published materials, including ancient and modern books; PhD and MSc dissertations; monographs on medicinal plants; the pharmacopoeia of different countries and electronic databases, such as SCI finder, PubMed, Web of Science, ACS, Science Direct, Wiley, Springer, Taylor, AGRIS, Europe PMC, EBSCO host, CNKI, WanFang DATA, J-STAGE and Google Scholar. RESULTS More than 200 chemical compounds have been isolated from Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex, including lignans, phenylethanoid glycosides, phenolic glycosides, alkaloids, steroids and essential oils. The plant has been reported to have pharmacological effects on the digestive system, nervous system and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems, as well as antibacterial, anti-tumour, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects. CONCLUSIONS Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex is an essential traditional Chinese medicine with pharmacological activities that mainly affect the digestive system, nervous system and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems. This review summarises its botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology. These information suggest that we should focus on the development of new drugs related to Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex, including specific constituents, so that Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex can exert greater therapeutic potential. Meanwhile, it is important to pay attention to the rational use of Magnolia resources, avoiding over-harvesting which could lead to lack of resources. We should also pursue research on Magnolia substitutes and develop resources such as Magnoliae Officinalis Flos and Magnolia Leaf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyan Luo
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Hongwei Wu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xiankuo Yu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yaqi Lu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jianwei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shandong 276006, China
| | - Liying Tang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Zhuju Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100700, China.
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Wang X, Zhang C, Zheng M, Gao F, Zhang J, Liu F. Metabolomics Analysis of L-Arginine Induced Gastrointestinal Motility Disorder in Rats Using UPLC-MS After Magnolol Treatment. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:183. [PMID: 30881305 PMCID: PMC6405429 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Magnolol, as the main active ingredient of Traditional Chinese Medicine, can significantly improve gastrointestinal motility disorders (GMD). In the present study, metabolomics was used to investigate the mechanism of magnolol improving L-arginine induced GMD in rats. Experimental Approach: SD rats were randomly divided into control group, model group and magnolol treated group. L-arginine was injected intraperitoneally in model and magnolol groups to induce GMD model. All intervention regimens were administered by oral gavage, once a day for five consecutive days. Relative gastric emptying rate and propulsive intestinal rate were measured. Metabolites in serum were analyzed based on UPLC-MS metabolomics technique. Results: Magnolol significantly promoted gastric emptying and small intestinal propulsion. Compared with the model group, the level of serotonin and L-tryptophan significantly reversed (P < 0.05) and 22 metabolites reversed in the magnolol group. According to MetPA database analysis, magnolol has mainly affected 10 major metabolic pathways which were related to each other, Tryptophan metabolism is the most critical metabolic pathway associated with gastrointestinal tract. Conclusion: These findings suggest that magnolol has a significantly promoting effect on L-arginine induced gastrointestinal motility disorder in rats, the mechanism is to reduce the production of nitric oxide to weaken the function of nitric oxide relaxing the gastrointestinal smooth muscle and increase the content of serotonin to promote gastrointestinal peristalsis and motility, secretion, absorption of nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingyue Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Gao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jinming Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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17
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Zhao M, Chen Y, Wang C, Xiao W, Chen S, Zhang S, Yang L, Li Y. Systems Pharmacology Dissection of Multi-Scale Mechanisms of Action of Huo-Xiang-Zheng-Qi Formula for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2019; 9:1448. [PMID: 30687082 PMCID: PMC6336928 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-components Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) treats various complex diseases (multi-etiologies and multi-symptoms) via herbs interactions to exert curative efficacy with less adverse effects. However, the ancient Chinese compatibility theory of herbs formula still remains ambiguous. Presently, this combination principle is dissected through a systems pharmacology study on the mechanism of action of a representative TCM formula, Huo-xiang-zheng-qi (HXZQ) prescription, on the treatment of functional dyspepsia (FD), a chronic or recurrent clinical disorder of digestive system, as typical gastrointestinal (GI) diseases which burden human physical and mental health heavily and widely. In approach, a systems pharmacology platform which incorporates the pharmacokinetic and pharmaco-dynamics evaluation, target fishing and network pharmacological analyses is employed. As a result, 132 chemicals and 48 proteins are identified as active compounds and FD-related targets, and the mechanism of HXZQ formula for the treatment of GI diseases is based on its three function modules of anti-inflammation, immune protection and gastrointestinal motility regulation mainly through four, i.e., PIK-AKT, JAK-STAT, Toll-like as well as Calcium signaling pathways. In addition, HXZQ formula conforms to the ancient compatibility rule of "Jun-Chen-Zuo-Shi" due to the different, while cooperative roles that herbs possess, specifically, the direct FD curative effects of GHX (serving as Jun drug), the anti-bacterial efficacy and major accompanying symptoms-reliving bioactivities of ZS and BZ (as Chen), the detoxication and ADME regulation capacities of GC (as Shi), as well as the minor symptoms-treating efficacy of the rest 7 herbs (as Zuo). This work not only provides an insight of the therapeutic mechanism of TCMs on treating GI diseases from a multi-scale perspective, but also may offer an efficient way for drug discovery and development from herbal medicine as complementary drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoqing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.,Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic Phytomedicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Yangyang Chen
- Lab of Systems Pharmacology, Center of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, China
| | - Shusheng Chen
- Systems Biology Laboratory, Department of Computer & Information Science & Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Shuwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.,Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic Phytomedicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
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Lanuzza F, Occhiuto F, Monforte MT, Tripodo MM, D'Angelo V, Galati EM. Antioxidant Phytochemicals of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. Cladodes with Potential Anti-spasmodic Activity. Pharmacogn Mag 2017; 13:S424-S429. [PMID: 29142394 PMCID: PMC5669077 DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_495_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Opuntia ficus-indica (OFI) (L.) Mill. (Cactaceae), a plant widespread in dry regions of the world, shows interesting biological activities (cicatrizant, antiulcer, anti-inflammatory, and hypolipidemic) and is widely used in traditional medicine. Objectives Phytochemical analysis and antispasmodic effect of wild OFI cladodes were carried out. Material and Methods Polyphenols and Vitamin E occurrence, in antioxidant pool of OFI cladodes, were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography. The antispasmodic effect of OFI cladodes was assessed in isolated rabbit smooth muscle tissues. The experiments were carried out with preparations of rabbit jejunum and uterus with the spontaneous contractile activity, to evaluate the effect of cumulative concentrations of the extract on basal tone, amplitude, and frequency of contractions. Results Catechin, quercetin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin and chlorogenic, ferulic, and p-coumaric acid were identified. α-, β-, and γ-tocopherols have been highlighted and α-tocopherol is the major component. OFI cladodes contain significant amount of polyphenols and tocopherols that are effective radical scavengers and inhibited ethanol 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl formation by 50%. OFI cladodes caused a light inhibition of amplitude and frequency of spontaneous contractions and a marked decrease in muscle basal tone of rabbit jejunum preparations. On spontaneously contracting uterus preparations, the addition of increasing concentrations of cladode extract caused uterine muscle relaxation. Conclusion The contraction of smooth muscle preparations depends on an increase in cytoplasmic free calcium ion concentration, which activates the contractile elements. The flavonoids may suppress the contractility of smooth myocytes, by an inhibition of availability of Ca2+ for muscle contraction. SUMMARY Opuntia ficus-indica (OFI) cladodes contain significant amount of polyphenols and tocopherols that are effective radical scavengers and inhibited ethanol 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl formation by 50%Polyphenols and Vitamin E complex occurrence in OFI cladodes were characterized by high-performance liquid chromatographyOFI cladodes exhibited significative antispasmodic activity. The antispasmodic effect was assessed in isolated rabbit smooth muscle tissues. The experiments were carried out with preparations of rabbit jejunum and uterus with the spontaneous contractile activity, to evaluate the effect of cumulative concentrations of the extract on basal tone, amplitude, and frequency of contractions. Abbreviations used: OFI: Opuntia ficus-indica, DPPH: Ethanol 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Lanuzza
- Department of Economics, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Occhiuto
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Monforte
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Marcella Tripodo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Valeria D'Angelo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Enza Maria Galati
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
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Magnolol, a Natural Polyphenol, Attenuates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Mice. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22071218. [PMID: 28726741 PMCID: PMC6152296 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnolol is a lignan with anti-inflammatory activity identified in Magnolia officinalis. Ulcerative colitis (UC), one of the types of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is a disease that causes inflammation and ulcers in the colon. To investigate the effect of magnolol in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced experimental UC model, male C57 mice were treated with 2% DSS drinking water for 5 consecutive days followed by intragastric administration with magnolol (5, 10 and 15 mg/kg) daily for 7 days. The results showed that magnolol significantly attenuated disease activity index, inhibited colonic shortening, reduced colonic lesions and suppressed myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Moreover, colonic pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) induced by colitis were dramatically decreased by magnolol. To further unveil the metabolic signatures upon magnolol treatment, mass spectrometry-based metabolomic analysis of the small molecular metabolites in mice serum were performed. Compared with controls, abnormality of serum metabolic phenotypes in DSS-treated mice were effectively reversed by different doses of magnolol. In particular, magnolol treatment effectively elevated the serum levels of tryptophan metabolites including kynurenic acid (KA), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, indoleacetic acid (IAA), indolelactic acid and indoxylsulfuric acid, which are potential aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) ligands to impact colitis. These findings suggest that magnolol exerts anti-inflammatory effect on DSS-induced colitis and its underlying mechanisms are associated with the restoring of tryptophan metabolites that inhibit the colonic inflammation.
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Harada Y, Iizuka S, Saegusa Y, Mogami S, Fujitsuka N, Hattori T. Mashiningan Improves Opioid-Induced Constipation in Rats by Activating Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Chloride Channel. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2017; 362:78-84. [PMID: 28465373 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.240630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioid receptor stimulants are analgesics used in patients with and without cancer; however, they often cause constipation, resulting in poor adherence and deterioration of the quality of life. Hence, suitable treatments for constipation are required. In this study, we investigated the pharmacological mechanisms of action of mashiningan (MNG), a Kampo medicine used to treat constipation, and evaluated the effect of MNG on opioid-induced constipation in rats. MNG (100 or 300 mg/kg) was orally administered to normal or codeine phosphate (CPH)-induced constipation in rats, and its effect was evaluated on the basis of fecal counts, characteristics, and weight. Small intestinal fluid secretion was measured after treatment with MNG alone or coadministration with a cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-specific inhibitor (CFTRinh-172). The effects of MNG on the CFTR and type-2 chloride channel were determined using patch-clamp or short-circuit current experiments, respectively. MNG increased the fecal weight and proportion of soft feces in normal rats. CPH-induced constipation in rats decreased fecal counts and weight, whereas MNG prevented these effects and increased the proportion of soft feces. MNG increased the electronic chloride current, and this effect was inhibited by the CFTRinh-172 in the CFTR assay. Furthermore, MNG increased small intestinal fluid secretion, and this effect was abolished by coadministration with the CFTRinh-172. MNG improved opioid-induced constipation in rats, and this improvement may have been mediated by increasing intestinal fluid secretion via CFTR chloride channel activation. Therefore, MNG is expected as a medicine of the treatment of constipation in patients taking opioids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Harada
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki, Japan (Y.H., S.I., Y.S., S.M., N.F., T.H.)
| | - Seiichi Iizuka
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki, Japan (Y.H., S.I., Y.S., S.M., N.F., T.H.)
| | - Yayoi Saegusa
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki, Japan (Y.H., S.I., Y.S., S.M., N.F., T.H.)
| | - Sachiko Mogami
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki, Japan (Y.H., S.I., Y.S., S.M., N.F., T.H.)
| | - Naoki Fujitsuka
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki, Japan (Y.H., S.I., Y.S., S.M., N.F., T.H.)
| | - Tomohisa Hattori
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki, Japan (Y.H., S.I., Y.S., S.M., N.F., T.H.)
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Wang Y, Wang Z, Chang X, Zhang S. Antispasmodic effect of Bupi Yichang pill on colonic contraction of rats in vitro. JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Development of a Prolonged-Release Drug Delivery System with Magnolol Loaded in Amino-Functionalized Mesoporous Silica. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/app7030237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Xiong X, Peng W, Chen L, Liu H, Huang W, Yang B, Wang Y, Xing Z, Gan P, Nie K. Traditional Chinese medicine Zhiqiao-Houpu herb-pair induce bidirectional effects on gastric motility in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 175:444-50. [PMID: 26456365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Zhiqiao-Houpu herb-pair (ZQHPHP), composed of Fructus Aurantii (Zhiqiao [ZQ] in Chinese) and Magnolia officinalis (Houpu [HP] in Chinese), is a traditional herbal formula that has been extensively used for treating gastrointestinal motor dysfunction. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect and possible mechanism of ZQHPHP on gastric emptying (GE) and gastric antral smooth muscle contractility (GASMC). MATERIALS AND METHODS This study includes four parts: (a) study of ZQHPHP's effect on GE; (b) study of ZQHPHP's effect on gastric antral smooth muscle contractility (GASMC); (c) comparing the effects of ZQHPHP, ZQ and HP on GASMC; (d) study of antagonists or agonists on ZQHPHP-induced GASMC. A test meal of Evans blue was adopted to estimate GE in rats. A polygraph was used to measure GASMC in rats. RESULTS The in vivo experiments demonstrated that, at the doses of 10mg/kg bw and 20mg/kg bw, ZQHPHP could promote GE. While, at the higher dose of 30 mg/kg bw, ZQHPHP delayed the GE. From the in vitro experiments we found that ZQHPHP (3-10 μg/ml) concentration-dependently increased the mean amplitude of contractions in the antral circular strip compared to untreated controls. While, in the concentration of 30 μg/ml, ZQHPHP prohibited GASMC. Besides, atropine blocked the stimulatory effect of ZQHPHP on GASMC and norepinephrine partly prohibited the stimulatory effect of ZQHPHP on GASMC, whereas isoproterenol showed no effect. From the in vitro experiment, we also found that ZQ and HP used together can synergistically increase gut motor. CONCLUSIONS The experiment indicated that ZQHPHP could induce bidirectional regulation on gastric motility. ZQ and HP used together can synergistically increase gut motor at a certain dosage. Lower dosage of ZQHPHP increases gastric motility, while higher dosage produces inhibition. In addition, the improvement of gastric motility by ZQHPHP is predominantly involved with muscarinic receptors and secondarily with alpha-receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- XinGui Xiong
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China
| | - WeiJun Peng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, 410013 Changsha, China
| | - HaiTao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China.
| | - Bo Yang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China
| | - ZhiHua Xing
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China
| | - PingPing Gan
- Department of Oncology, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China
| | - KeChao Nie
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China
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Xie NA, Hu C, Guo A, Liang H, DU P, Yin G. Metabolic regulation of magnolol on the nuclear receptor, liver X receptor. Exp Ther Med 2015; 9:1827-1830. [PMID: 26136900 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate whether magnolol, the essential component of the traditional Chinese medicine, Magnolia officinalis, can pass through liver X receptor α (LXRα), to subsequently play an important role in the lipid metabolic balance. Using a HepG2 human hepatoma cell line, mammalian cellular one-hybridization and mammalian cell transcriptional activation experiments were performed to detect the combination degree of magnolol at different concentrations with LXRα, and assess the transcriptional activity. In addition, using a THP-1 human monocytic cell line, quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to assess the effect on the expression levels of downstream genes. Magnolol was shown to dose-dependently combine with LXRα, and subsequently regulate the transcriptional activity of LXRα. In addition, magnolol was found to adjust the expression of associated LXRα downstream genes in the macrophages. In conclusion, magnolol was demonstrated to affect LXRα, which may outline a new molecular mechanism through which magnolol exerts a lipid-lowering function.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Xie
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P.R. China
| | - Chunyang Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P.R. China
| | - Anran Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Luyi Xian People's Hospital, Zhoukou, Henan 477200, P.R. China
| | - Hao Liang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Luyi Xian People's Hospital, Zhoukou, Henan 477200, P.R. China
| | - Pengcheng DU
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P.R. China
| | - Guotian Yin
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P.R. China
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McKeown BT, McDougall L, Catalli A, Hurta RAR. Magnolol causes alterations in the cell cycle in androgen insensitive human prostate cancer cells in vitro by affecting expression of key cell cycle regulatory proteins. Nutr Cancer 2014; 66:1154-64. [PMID: 25264561 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2014.951736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer, one of the most common cancers in the Western world, affects many men worldwide. This study investigated the effects of magnolol, a compound found in the roots and bark of the magnolia tree Magnolia officinalis, on the behavior of 2 androgen insensitive human prostate cancer cell lines, DU145 and PC3, in vitro. Magnolol, in a 24-h exposure at 40 and 80 μM, was found to be cytotoxic to cells. Magnolol also affected cell cycle progression of DU145 and PC3 cells, resulting in alterations to the cell cycle and subsequently decreasing the proportion of cells entering the G2/M-phase of the cell cycle. Magnolol inhibited the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins including cyclins A, B1, D1, and E, as well as CDK2 and CDK4. Protein expression levels of pRBp107 decreased and pRBp130 protein expression levels increased in response to magnolol exposure, whereas p16(INK4a), p21, and p27 protein expression levels were apparently unchanged post 24-h exposure. Magnolol exposure at 6 h did increase p27 protein expression levels. This study has demonstrated that magnolol can alter the behavior of androgen insensitive human prostate cancer cells in vitro and suggests that magnolol may have potential as a novel anti-prostate cancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan T McKeown
- a Department of Biology , University of Prince Edward Island , Charlottetown , Prince Edward Island , Canada
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Guo H, Zhang J, Gao W, Qu Z, Liu C. Gastrointestinal effect of methanol extract of Radix Aucklandiae and selected active substances on the transit activity of rat isolated intestinal strips. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2014; 52:1141-9. [PMID: 24649908 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.879601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Radix Aucklandiae, the dry rhizome of Aucklandia lappa Decne (Asteraceae), enjoyed traditional popularity for its antidiarrheal effects. Although there are many investigations on its chemical constituents and pharmacologic actions, few studies explaining its activity and mechanism in gastrointestinal disorders are available. OBJECTIVE In this paper, we focused on the effects of the methanol extract of R. Aucklandiae (RA ext) on gastrointestinal tract, so as to assess some of the possible mechanisms involved in the clinical treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vivo, in neostigmine-induced mice and normal mice, after intragastric administration, RA ext (100, 200, 300, and 400 mg/kg) was studied on gastrointestinal transit including gastric emptying and small intestinal motility. Meanwhile, in vitro, the effect of it (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 mg/mL) on the isolated tissue preparations of rat jejunum was also investigated, as well as costunolide and dehydrocostuslactone which were the main constituents. RESULTS In vivo, the gastric emptying increased and intestinal transit decreased after the administration of RA ext in normal mice. However, RA ext inhibited the gastric emptying and the intestinal transit throughout the concentrations in neostigmine-induced mice. In vitro, RA ext caused inhibitory effect on the spontaneous contraction of rat-isolated jejunum in a dose-dependent manner ranging from 0.1 to 0.4 mg/mL, and it also relaxed the acetylcholine chloride (Ach, 10(-5) M), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, 200 μM)-induced, and K(+) (60 mM)-induced contractions. RA ext shifted the Ca(2+) concentration-response curves to right, similar to that caused by verapamil (0.025 mM). The Ca(2+) concentration-response curves were shifted by costunolide (CO) (5.4, 8.1, and 10.8 μg/mL), dehydrocostuslactone (DE) (4.6, 6.9, and 9.2 μg/mL), costunolide-dehydrocostuslactone (CO-DE) (5.4-4.6, 8.1-6.9, and 10.8-9.2 μg/mL) to the right, similar to that caused by verapamil (0.01 mM). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These results indicate that RA ext played a spasmolytic role in gastrointestinal motility, which is probably mediated through the inhibition of muscarinic receptors, 5-HT receptors, and calcium influx. The presence of cholinergic and calcium antagonist constituents may be the compatibility of CO and DE. All these results provide a pharmacological basis for its clinical use in the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin , China
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Guo H, Zhang J, Gao W, Qu Z, Liu C. Anti-diarrhoeal activity of methanol extract of Santalum album L. in mice and gastrointestinal effect on the contraction of isolated jejunum in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 154:704-710. [PMID: 24809287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Santalum album L., namely Sandalwood, honored as "Green Gold", is a traditional Chinese herb which has the effects of anti-diarrhoeal and antibacterial activity. But there is limit scientific study on its activity and mechanism in gastrointestinal disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS in vivo, after intragastric administration, the methanol extract of Sandalwood (SE) (200, 400 and 800 mg/kg) were studied in castor oil-induced diarrhoea mice. By the test of small intestinal hyperfunction induced by neostigmine, SE was studied on gastrointestinal transit including gastric emptying and small intestinal motility. Meanwhile, in vitro, the effects of SE (0.02, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 mg/mL) on the isolated tissue preparations of rat jejunum were also investigated. The rat jejunum strips were pre-contracted with acetylcholine (Ach; 10(-6)M), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, 200 μM) or potassium chloride (KCl; 60 mM) and tested in the presence of SE. In addition, the possible myogenic effect was analyzed in the pretreatment of the jejunum preparations with SE or verapamil in Ca(2+)-free high-K(+) (60 mM) solution containing EDTA. RESULTS At doses of 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg, SE showed significant anti-diarrhoeal activity against castor oil-induced diarrhoea as compared with the control. At the same doses, it also inhibited the gastric emptying and small intestinal motility in the mice of which small intestinal hyperfunction induced by neostigmine. It caused inhibitory effects on the spontaneous contraction of rat-isolated jejunum in dose-dependent manner ranging from 0.02 to 0.4 mg/mL, and it also relaxed the Ach-induced, 5-HT-induced and K(+)-induced contractions. SE shifted the Ca(2+) concentration-response curves to right, similar to that caused by verapamil (0.025 mM). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicated that SE played a spasmolytic role in gastrointestinal motility which was probably mediated through inhibition of muscarinic receptors, 5-HT receptors and calcium influx. All these results provide pharmacological basis for its clinical use in gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jingze Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Zhuo Qu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Changxiao Liu
- The State Key Laboratories of Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin, China
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In Vitro Impact of Hydro-alcoholic Extract of Rosa damascena Mill. on Rat Ileum Contractions and the Mechanisms Involved. Int J Prev Med 2014; 5:767-75. [PMID: 25013697 PMCID: PMC4085930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The petal's hydro-alcoholic extract of Rosa damascena Mill. on ileum contractions of Wistar rats and its possible mechanism were investigated. METHODS Forty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into six groups. Ileum was placed adjacent to propranolol (1 μM), naloxone (1 μM) and L-NAME (100 μM) and also under the influence of different doses (2-8 mM) of calcium chloride. RESULTS Cumulative extract of R. damascena Mill. (100, 500, and 1000 mg/L) decreased ileum contractions induced by KCl (60 mM) in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.0001). Propranolol and naloxone significantly decreased the inhibitory effect of the extract on contractions induced by KCl (P < 0.001), but L-NAME was ineffective. Furthermore, calcium led to the contraction of depolarized tissue through KCI and this contractile effect decreased significantly induced by the cumulative concentrations of the extract (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that R. damascena Mill. dose-dependently (100, 500, and 1000 mg/L) decreases ileum movements of the rat probably through stimulating the β-adrenergic and opioid receptors and voltage-dependent calcium channels, and it may be used to treat digestive disorders.
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Magnolol Suppresses MetastasisviaInhibition of Invasion, Migration, and Matrix Metalloproteinase-2/-9 Activities in PC-3 Human Prostate Carcinoma Cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 74:961-7. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.90785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Zhang Q, Hong B, Liu J, Mu G, Cong H, Li G, Cai D. Multiwalled-carbon-nanotubes-based matrix solid-phase dispersion extraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of honokiol and magnolol in Magnoliae Cortex. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:1330-6. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201301046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Institute of Medicine and Drug Research; Qiqihar Medical University; Qiqihar P.R. China
- Basic Medical Science College; Qiqihar Medical University; Qiqihar P.R. China
| | - Bo Hong
- Institute of Medicine and Drug Research; Qiqihar Medical University; Qiqihar P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- Institute of Medicine and Drug Research; Qiqihar Medical University; Qiqihar P.R. China
| | - Guangze Mu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Qiqihar City; Qiqihar P.R. China
| | - Huan Cong
- School of Pharmaceutical Science; Qiqihar Medical University; Qiqihar P.R. China
| | - Gang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science; Qiqihar Medical University; Qiqihar P.R. China
| | - Defu Cai
- Institute of Medicine and Drug Research; Qiqihar Medical University; Qiqihar P.R. China
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Zhang M, Zang KH, Luo JL, Leung FP, Huang Y, Lin CY, Yang ZJ, Lu AP, Tang XD, Xu HX, Sung JJY, Bian ZX. Magnolol inhibits colonic motility through down-regulation of voltage-sensitive L-type Ca2+ channels of colonic smooth muscle cells in rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 20:1272-9. [PMID: 23972358 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/14/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of magnolol (5,5'-diallyl-2,2'-biphenyldiol) on contraction in distal colonic segments of rats and the underlying mechanisms. Colonic segments were mounted in organ baths for isometric force measurement. Whole-cell voltage-sensitive L-type Ca(2+) currents were recorded on isolated single colonic smooth muscle cells using patch-clamp technique. The spontaneous contractions and acetylcholine (ACh)- and Bay K 8644-induced contractions were inhibited by magnolol (3-100 μM). In the presence of Bay K8644 (100 nM), magnolol (10-100 μM) inhibited the contraction induced by 10 μM ACh. By contrast, tetrodotoxin (100 nM) and Nώ-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME 100 μM) did not change the inhibitory effect of magnolol (10 μM). In addition, magnolol (3-100 μM) inhibited the L-type Ca(2+) currents. The present results suggest that magnolol inhibits colonic smooth muscle contraction through downregulating L-type Ca(2+) channel activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Guangzhou Research Institute of Snake Venom, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Jia J, Li Y, Lei Z, Hao Y, Wu Y, Zhao Q, Wang H, Ma L, Liu J, Zhao C, Jiang Y, Wang Y, Tan H, Dai X, Zhang W, Sun T, Yu J. Relaxative effect of core licorice aqueous extract on mouse isolated uterine horns. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2013; 51:744-748. [PMID: 23527896 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.764536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Primary dysmenorrhea is one of the most frequent gynecological disorders in young women. Chinese herbal medicine has the advantage in terms of multi-targeting efficacy, lower toxicity, as well as lower cost. Core licorice is the hard and atropurpureus heart part in root and rootstock of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch (Leguminosae), having a therapeutic effect on dysmenorrhea. OBJECTIVE This experiment indicated the spasmolytic effect of core licorice aqueous extract (CLE) on spontaneous rhythmic contractions and spasmogen-provoked contractions of stilbestrol primed, estrogen-dominated, non-pregnant mouse isolated uterine horns and its spasmolytic mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated the spasmolytic effect of CLE (0.025-0.1 mg/mL) on spontaneous contractions and potassium chloride (KCl, 40 mM), acetylcholine (ACh, 5 μg/mL), carbachol (CCh, 5 μg/mL), oxytocin (OT, 2 U/L) or bradykinin (5 ng/mL)-provoked contractions of mouse isolated uterine horns. Contractions were recorded by tension force transducers using Biolap 420F software on a PC. RESULTS Our present study showed that graded, escalated concentrations of CLE (0.025-0.1 mg/mL) significantly inhibited the amplitude of spontaneous phasic contractions (15.03-55.10%), as well as the contractions produced by KCl (40 mM; 20.16-53.99%), ACh (5 μg/mL; 14.65-48.32%), CCh (5 μg/mL; 38.40-76.70%), OT (2 U/L; 21.53-58.49%) or bradykinin (5 ng/mL; 58.01-79.44%) of the estrogen-dominated isolated mice uterine horn preparations in a concentration-related manner. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The spasmolytic effect of CLE observed in the present study lends pharmacological support to the traditional use of core licorice in the management, control and treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Jia
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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Miao B, Zhang S, Wang H, Yang T, Zhou D, Wang BE. Magnolol Pretreatment Prevents Sepsis-Induced Intestinal Dysmotility by Maintaining Functional Interstitial Cells of Cajal. Inflammation 2013; 36:897-906. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-013-9617-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Balsiger BM, Krayer M, Rickenbacher A, Flogerzi B, Vennos C, Gschossmann JM. Tibetan herbal formula Padma Digestin modulates gastrointestinal motility in vitro. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther 2013; 4:9-15. [PMID: 23515138 PMCID: PMC3600543 DOI: 10.4292/wjgpt.v4.i1.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Revised: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To examine the effects of Padma Digestin on the smooth muscle motility of different gastrointestinal segments in vitro.
METHODS: The effects of the ethanolic extract of Padma Digestin (at 8.16 mg/mL or 81.6 mg/mL) on the contractility and susceptibility to acetylcholine (ACh) of muscle strips from the cardia, antrum, pylorus, duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon of male Wistar rats were analyzed.
RESULTS: Compared with the control treatment, the Padma Digestin extract had a procontractile effect on the antral smooth muscle strips. Padma Digestin decreased ACh sensitivity in cardia muscle strips and increased it in those from the antrum and pylorus. In the intestinal segments, spontaneous contractility was inhibited in both the duodenal and jejunal strips, whereas reactivity to ACh was inhibited in the jejunal strips only. In the colonic samples, Padma Digestin inhibited spontaneous and ACh-stimulated contractility at a low dose but seems to have increasing effects at a high dose.
CONCLUSION: Padma Digestin extract has region-specific effects on the contractility and excitability of gastrointestinal smooth muscle. Our results support the traditional use of Padma Digestin for maldigestion and functional gastrointestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno M Balsiger
- Bruno M Balsiger, Juergen M Gschossmann, Department of Clinical Research, University of Berne, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
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Seok YM, Kim HY, Garmaa O, Cha BY, Woo JT, Kim IK. Effects of magnolol on vascular contraction in rat aortic rings. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2011; 39:28-36. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2011.05629.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Chen YH, Huang PH, Lin FY, Chen WC, Chen YL, Yin WH, Man KM, Liu PL. Magnolol: A multifunctional compound isolated from the Chinese medicinal plant Magnolia officinalis. Eur J Integr Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2011.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Lee YJ, Lee YM, Lee CK, Jung JK, Han SB, Hong JT. Therapeutic applications of compounds in the Magnolia family. Pharmacol Ther 2011; 130:157-76. [PMID: 21277893 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2011.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The bark and/or seed cones of the Magnolia tree have been used in traditional herbal medicines in Korea, China and Japan. Bioactive ingredients such as magnolol, honokiol, 4-O-methylhonokiol and obovatol have received great attention, judging by the large number of investigators who have studied their pharmacological effects for the treatment of various diseases. Recently, many investigators reported the anti-cancer, anti-stress, anti-anxiety, anti-depressant, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects as well as toxicities and pharmacokinetics data, however, the mechanisms underlying these pharmacological activities are not clear. The aim of this study was to review a variety of experimental and clinical reports and, describe the effectiveness, toxicities and pharmacokinetics, and possible mechanisms of Magnolia and/or its constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jung Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 12 Gaesin-dong, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
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Gharib Naseri MK, Adibpour N, Namjooyan F, Rezaee S, Shahbazi Z. Spasmolytic effect of stachys lavandulifolia vahl. Crude methanolic extract and fractions on rat ileum. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2011; 10:307-12. [PMID: 24250359 PMCID: PMC3828908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aerial parts of Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl. Extract on the rat ileum contractions. The crude extract was prepared by maceration method (90% methanol) followed by fractionating into chloroform, ethyl acetate, petroleum ether and water. In adult male Wistar rats, ileum was sectioned and mounted in tissue bath and their contractility was recorded is otonically. KCl (60 mM)- induced ileum contractions were attenuated by crude extract and its fractions. The most potent fraction was chloroformic fraction (CF) with IC50 0.018 ± 0.126 = mg/mL. In calcium-free Tyrode solution with high K(+,) the CF (0.01 - 0.04 mg/ml) attenuated CaCl2-induced contractions (p< 0.001). The CF (0.05-0.8 mg/mL) attenuated the carbachol-induced contraction (p<0.001). The CF antispasmodic effect was reduced by naloxone (as a non-selective opioid antagonist), not by propranolol and L-NAME as β-adrenoceptors antagonist and nitric oxide synthase inhibitor respectively. It was concluded that S . . lavandulifolia can inhibit ileum contractility mainly via disturbing the calcium mobilization and partly by opioid receptors' activation. Our results may support the traditional usage of this herb for treating diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Kazem Gharib Naseri
- Physiology Research Center, Department of Physiology, Ahwaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz, Iran.,Corresponding author: E-mail:
| | - Neda Adibpour
- Department of medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Ahwaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz, Iran.
| | - Foroogh Namjooyan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Ahwaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz, Iran.
| | - Saeed Rezaee
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ahwaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz, Iran.
| | - Zahra Shahbazi
- Physiology Research Center, Department of Physiology, Ahwaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz, Iran.
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Ahangarpour A, Oroojan AA, Amirzargar A, Ghanavati M. Antispasmodic effects of Citrus aurantium flowers aqueous extract on uterus of non-pregnant rats. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE 2011; 9:289-94. [PMID: 26396578 PMCID: PMC4576430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Citrus aurantium is a small citrus tree, with scented white flowers. The C. aurantium is used in Asian herbal medicine primarily to treat digestive problems. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study is to investigate the effect of C. aurantium flower's aqueous extract on uterine contraction in presence of some known uterus stimulants. MATERIALS AND METHODS In experimental study 30 virgin Wistar rats 200-300gr were obtained. After laparatomy, a piece of Uterus was dissected out and mounted in an organ bath (10ml) containing De Jalon (29°C) and contracted by KCl (60mM), oxytocin (10mU/ml) and barium chloride (4mM) then the effect of C. aurantium flower's aqueous extract (1-8 mg/ml) on the uterine contractions was investigated.μμthe role of β-adrenoceptors, opioid receptors were evaluated. RESULTS Cumulative concentrations of the extract (1-8 mg/ml) decreased KCl, oxytocin and barium chloride induced uterine contractions, dose-dependently (p<0.001). C. aurantium flower's aqueous extract was unaffected on incubation the tissue with propranolol and naloxone. CONCLUSION It seems that the extract induced antispasmodic effect mainly via calcium influx blockade. However, neither β-adrenoceptors nor opioid receptors were involved. Since the extract has antispasmodic effect on uterus contraction therefore we can suggest that more study will be necessary to relief dysmenorrheal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Ahangarpour
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Physiology and Diabetes Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Oroojan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ashraf Amirzargar
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghanavati
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Yang TC, Zhang SW, Sun LN, Wang H, Ren AM. Magnolol attenuates sepsis-induced gastrointestinal dysmotility in rats by modulating inflammatory mediators. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14:7353-60. [PMID: 19109869 PMCID: PMC2778119 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.14.7353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the protective effects of magnolol on sepsis-induced inflammation and intestinal dysmotility.
METHODS: Sepsis was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: magnolol prior to LPS injection (LPS/Mag group); vehicle prior to LPS injection (LPS/Veh group); vehicle prior to injection of saline (Control/Veh). Intestinal transit and circular muscle mechanical activity were assessed 12 h after LPS injection. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-10 (IL-10), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA in rat ileum were studied by RT-PCR 2 h after LPS injection. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity in the intestine was also investigated at this time using electrophoretic mobility shift assay. In addition, antioxidant activity was determined by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the intestine 2 h after LPS injection.
RESULTS: Magnolol significantly increased intestinal transit and circular muscle mechanical activity in LPS-treated animals. TNF-α, MCP-1 and iNOS mRNA expression in the small intestine were significantly reduced after magnolol treatment in LPS-induced septic animals, compared with untreated septic animals. Additionally, magnolol significantly increased IL-10 mRNA expression in septic rat ileum. Magnolol also significantly suppressed NF-κB activity in septic rat intestine. In addition, magnolol significantly decreased MDA concentration and increased SOD activity in rat ileum.
CONCLUSION: Magnolol prevents sepsis-induced suppression of intestinal motility in rats. The potential mechanism of this benefit of magnolol appears to be modulation of self-amplified inflammatory events and block of oxidative stress in the intestine.
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Zhang H, Chen S, Qin F, Huang X, Ren P, Gu X. Simultaneous determination of 12 chemical constituents in the traditional Chinese Medicinal Prescription Xiao-Yao-San-Jia-Wei by HPLC coupled with photodiode array detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008; 48:1462-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2008] [Revised: 09/15/2008] [Accepted: 09/15/2008] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Naseri MKG, Naseri ZG, Mohammadian M, Birgani MO. Ileal relaxation induced by Mentha longifolia (L.) leaf extract in rat. Pak J Biol Sci 2008; 11:1594-1599. [PMID: 18819647 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2008.1594.1599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The effect of Mentha longifolia (L.) leaf hydroalcoholic extract (MLE) was examined on rat ileal smooth muscle contractions. Last portion of ileum from male adult Wistar rat was mounted in an organ bath containing Tyrode solution. The tissue was contracted by carbachol (CCh, 10 microM), KCl (60 mM) and BaC12 (4 mM) and then MLE (0.0625-1 mg mL(-1)) was added to the bath cumulatively. The effect of MLE on KCl-induced contraction was examined after tissue incubation with propranolol (1 microM), naloxone (1 microM) and N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 100 microM). The effect of MLE on CaCl2-induced ileal contraction in Ca(2+)-free with high potassium Tyrode solution was also evaluated. The role of potassium channels was examined by ileum incubation (5 mim) with tetraethylammonium (TEA, 1 mM). The results showed that KCl-, CCh and BaCl2-induced ileal contractions were inhibited (p < 0.001) by cumulative concentrations of MLE with the same potency. In addition, MLE (0.25-1 mg mL(-1)) inhibited (p < 0.01) ileal contractions induced by CaCl2 (0.45-2.7 mM) in a concentration-related manner. The antispasmodic effect of MLE was affected neither by propranolol, L-NAME nor by naloxone. The MLE concentration-response curve was shifted to the right (p < 0.05) by tissue incubation with TEA. From results it may be suggested that Mentha longifolia hydroalcoholic leaf extract induces its spasmolytic activity mainly through disturbance in calcium mobilization and partly by potassium channels activation. Present results show that Mentha longifolia leaf extract exerts relaxant effects on intestinal smooth muscle, consistent with the traditional use of the plant to treat gastrointestinal disorders such as diarrhea and colic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Kazem Gharib Naseri
- Physiology Research Center, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahwaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 61335-189, Ahwaz, Iran
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Naseri MKG, Yahyavi H. Antispasmodic effect of Piper nigrum fruit hot water extract on rat ileum. Pak J Biol Sci 2008; 11:1492-1496. [PMID: 18817253 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2008.1492.1496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of black pepper fruit hot water extract (BPE) on rat ileum contractility and the mechanism(s) of its action. The extract was prepared by adding black pepper powder to boiling distilled water followed by evaporated the solvent. Ileum was dissected from male adult rat (Wistar) and in Tyrode solution the tissue contractions were recorded by an isotonic transducer under 1 g tension. The cumulative concentrations of the BPE (0.0625-1 mg mL(-1)) reduced the ileum contractions induced by KCl (60 mM) or carbachol (10 microM) concentration dependently (p<0.001). In Ca2+-free Tyrode solution with high potassium (60 mM), BPE, (0.0625-1 mg mL(-1)) attenuated the contractions induced by cumulative concentrations of CaCl2 (0.225-2.7 mM) concentration dependently (ANOVA, p<0.05). The incubation of the tissue preparation (20 or 30 min) with L-NAME (100 microM), naloxone (1 microM) or propranolol (1 microM) did not reduce the extract antispasmodic effect on KCl-induced ileum contraction. The extract spasmolytic effect was attenuated neither by glibenclamide (10 microM) nor by tetraethylammonium (1 mM). Present results suggest that the spasmolytic effect of the extract on rat ileum was possibly mediated via Ca2+ influx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Kazem Gharib Naseri
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Physiology Research Center, Ahwaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz, Iran
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Tang W, Wan M, Zhu Z, Chen G, Huang X. Simultaneous determination of eight major bioactive compounds in Dachengqi Tang (DT) by high-performance liquid chromatography. Chin Med 2008; 3:5. [PMID: 18445276 PMCID: PMC2383911 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8546-3-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2007] [Accepted: 04/29/2008] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dachengqi Tang (DT) is a common traditional Chinese medicine formula for expelling neire ('internal heat') in the stomach and intestines. There was no reliable analytical method available for the quality control of DT. Methods A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with a reverse phase C18 column (150 × 4.6 mm) was developed. The mobile phase was methanol with 0.2% acetic acid. Eight markers including naringin, hesperidin, aloe emodin, rhein, honokiol, magnolol, emodin and chrysophanol were determined. Results Regression analysis revealed a linear relationship between the concentrations of the markers and the peak area ratio of the standards and internal standard. The limit of detection (S/N = 3) and the limit of qualification (RSD < 20%) ranged from 0.21 to 0.43 ng/μl and 0.76 to 1.74 ng/μl respectively. The recovery was between 95.6% and 103.4%. The tests on the samples from three batches of DT showed that the profiles of the markers did not vary significantly among batches. Conclusion A reliable HPLC method for simultaneous determination of the eight markers in DT was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfu Tang
- Department of Integrative Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Abstract
AIM: To study the effects of elenoside, an arylnaph-thalene lignan from Justicia hyssopifolia, on gastro-intestinal motility in vivo and in vitro in rats.
METHODS: Routine in vivo experimental assessments were catharsis index, water percentage of boluses, intestinal transit, and codeine antagonism. The groups included were vehicle control (propylene glycol-ethanol-plant oil-tween 80), elenoside (i.p. 25 and 50 mg/kg), cisapride (i.p. 10 mg/kg), and codeine phosphate (intragastric route, 50 mg/kg). In vitro approaches used isolated rat intestinal tissues (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum). The effects of elenoside at concentrations of 3.2 x 10-4, 6.4 x 10-4 and 1.2 x 10-3 mol/L, and cisapride at 10-6 mol/L were investigated.
RESULTS: Elenoside in vivo produced an increase in the catharsis index and water percentage of boluses and in the percentage of distance traveled by a suspension of activated charcoal. Codeine phosphate antagonized the effect of 25 mg/kg of elenoside. In vitro, elenoside in duodenum, jejunum and ileum produced an initial decrease in the contraction force followed by an increase. Elenoside resulted in decreased intestinal frequency in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The in vitro and in vivo effects of elenoside were similar to those produced by cisapride.
CONCLUSION: Elenoside is a lignan with an action similar to that of purgative and prokinetics drugs. Elenoside, could be an alternative to cisapride in treatment of gastrointestinal diseases as well as a preventive therapy for the undesirable gastrointestinal effects produced by opioids used for mild to moderate pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Navarro
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna, Apdo. 55, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.
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Bian ZX, Zhang GS, Wong KL, Hu XG, Liu L, Yang Z, Li M. Inhibitory Effects of Magnolol on Distal Colon of Guinea Pig in Vitro. Biol Pharm Bull 2006; 29:790-5. [PMID: 16595919 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.29.790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The influence of plant product magnolol (0-100 microM) on the contractile activity of isolated colonic muscle strips in guinea pig and related mechanism were investigated. Magnolol did not affect the base tone of colon muscle strips, but it dose-dependently inhibited 40 mM KCl-, 1 microM carbachol (CCh)- and 10 microM serotonin (5-HT)-induced contractions at concentrations higher than 10 microM. And also, magnolol inhibited the 5-HT- or CCh-induced muscle contraction in calcium-free buffer. Furthermore, magnolol inhibited the KCl-induced contraction under the condition of procaine. In addition, inhibition rate of nifedipine plus magnolol on muscle strips was lower than that of nifedipine alone. Moreover, magnolol dose-dependently decreased the velocity of pellet propulsion in the concentration range of 0.1-10 microM, and totally inhibited pellet propulsion at the concentration higher than 30 microM. Thus, it can be concluded that magnolol may 1) block receptor-operated cation channels and the voltage dependent Ca2+ channel, and 2) inhibit calcium release from the sarcolemmal membrane (SR) through blocking InsP3-sensitive and ryanodine-sensitive pathways. This explains, at least partially, that Cortex magnoliae officinalis exerts therapeutic effects on gastrointestinal disease through relaxation of GI tract smooth muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Xiang Bian
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR.
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