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Chew DCH, Khoo XH, Lee TS, Chin KY, Raja Ali RA, Muhammad Nawawi KN, Wan Ibrahim NR, Hilmi I. A Systematic Review on the Increasing Incidence of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Southeast Asia: Looking Beyond the Urbanization Phenomenon. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2024; 30:1566-1578. [PMID: 37935628 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izad189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been increasing in Southeast Asia (SEA) in tandem with its economic growth and urbanization over the past 2 decades. Specific characteristics of IBD in SEA are similar to East Asia and the West, such as the declining ratio of ulcerative colitis to Crohn's disease. However, exceptionally low familial aggregation is seen. Smoking is also not a common risk factor in patients with Crohn's disease. The incidence of perianal disease is higher in SEA than in Australia and is comparable to the West. In a multiracial population, such as Singapore and Malaysia, Indians have the highest incidence and prevalence rates, which are likely to be due to important putative mutations. For instance, a higher frequency of the NOD2 predisposing mutation SNP5 and IBD risk allele IGR2198a and IGR2092a were found in Indians. Although differences in the genetic constitution play an important role in the epidemiology and prognosis of IBD in SEA, the emergence of this disease offers a unique opportunity to identify potential exposomes that contribute to its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Chia Hsin Chew
- Gastroenterology and hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- GUT Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Xin-Hui Khoo
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tiong See Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Selayang Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Raja Affendi Raja Ali
- Gastroenterology and hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- GUT Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khairul Najmi Muhammad Nawawi
- Gastroenterology and hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- GUT Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Ida Hilmi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Song XQ, Li Q, Zhang J. A double-edged sword: DLG5 in diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114611. [PMID: 37001186 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Discs large homolog 5 (DLG5), a key member of the membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUKs) family, is a scaffold molecule for signal transduction complexes and is responsible for assembling receptors and adapters. This scaffold protein stabilizes adhesion and tight bonding complexes in many organs and tissues, and is involved of maintaining epithelial polarity. Although DLG5 plays a role in normal development in mice, it has also been linked to the onset and development of several diseases, particularly Crohn's disease and various malignancies. DLG5 has been shown to impact the progression of cancer through direct or indirect interactions with H-catenin, E-cadherin, Vimentin, p53, P21, Cyclin D1, TGF-β1, AKT, Hippo, and classic G protein signaling pathways. DLG5 and DLG5 variants has been found to have a dual role in human diseases. Although it is overexpressed in pancreatic adenocarcinoma, its expression is reduced in lung, liver, breast, prostate, and bladder cancers. However, two independent studies on glioblastoma (GBM) have shown the opposite effects of DLG5. Our study evaluates the existing literature on the role of DLG5 and DLG5 variants in disease processes, and summarizes the available data on the role of DLG5 in disease based on cell experiments, clinical samples, and animal models, while highlighting its future potential in disease treatment.
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3
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Cytoskeletal Organization and Cell Polarity in the Pathogenesis of Crohn’s Disease. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2020; 60:164-174. [DOI: 10.1007/s12016-020-08795-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Wang D, Zhang Q, Li F, Wang C, Yang C, Yu H. β-TrCP-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of Dlg5 regulates hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:298. [PMID: 31787846 PMCID: PMC6858669 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-1029-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Discs large homolog 5 (Dlg5) is a member of the membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) adaptor family of proteins and its deregulation has been implicated in the malignancy of several cancer types. Dlg5 was down-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and lower Dlg5 expression was associated with poor survival of HCC patients. However, how to regulate Dlg5 remains largely unknown. Methods The co-immunoprecipitation assay was used to determine the interaction between Dlg5 and β-TrCP. The in vivo ubiquitination assay was performed to determine the regulation of Dlg5 by β-TrCP. CCK-8 and colony formation assay were implemented to detect the biological effect of Dlg5 on the growth of HCC cells in vitro. The effect of Dlg5 on HCC tumor growth in vivo was studied in a tumor xenograft model in mice. Results Here we report that Dlg5 is regulated by the ubiquitin proteasome system and depletion of either Cullin 1 or β-TrCP led to increased levels of Dlg5. β-TrCP regulated Dlg5 protein stability by targeting it for ubiquitination and subsequent destruction in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. We further demonstrated a crucial role of Ser730 in the non-canonical phosphodegron of Dlg5 in governing β-TrCP-mediated Dlg5 degradation. Importantly, failure to degrade Dlg5 significantly inhibited HCC cells proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion Collectively, our finding provides a novel molecular mechanism for the negative regulation of Dlg5 by β-TRCP in HCC cells. It further suggests that preventing Dlg5 degradation could be a possible novel strategy for clinical treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongping Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's of Hospital of Jingmen City, Jingmen, Hubei 448000 China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Operation Room, The First People's of Hospital of Jingmen City, Jingmen, Hubei 448000 China
| | - Fenfen Li
- Department of Nursing, The First People's of Hospital of Jingmen City, Jingmen, Hubei 448000 China
| | - Chan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's of Hospital of Jingmen City, Jingmen, Hubei 448000 China
| | - Changming Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's of Hospital of Jingmen City, Jingmen, Hubei 448000 China
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Neonatology, The First People's of Hospital of Jingmen City, Jingmen, Hubei 448000 China
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Kwan J, Sczaniecka A, Heidary Arash E, Nguyen L, Chen CC, Ratkovic S, Klezovitch O, Attisano L, McNeill H, Emili A, Vasioukhin V. DLG5 connects cell polarity and Hippo signaling protein networks by linking PAR-1 with MST1/2. Genes Dev 2017; 30:2696-2709. [PMID: 28087714 PMCID: PMC5238729 DOI: 10.1101/gad.284539.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Here, Kwan et al. investigated the mechanisms connecting cell polarity proteins with intracellular signaling pathways. They found that DLG5 functions as an evolutionarily conserved scaffold and negative regulator of Hippo signaling, demonstrating a direct connection between cell polarity proteins and Hippo that is needed for proper development of multicellular organisms. Disruption of apical–basal polarity is implicated in developmental disorders and cancer; however, the mechanisms connecting cell polarity proteins with intracellular signaling pathways are largely unknown. We determined previously that membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) protein discs large homolog 5 (DLG5) functions in cell polarity and regulates cellular proliferation and differentiation via undefined mechanisms. We report here that DLG5 functions as an evolutionarily conserved scaffold and negative regulator of Hippo signaling, which controls organ size through the modulation of cell proliferation and differentiation. Affinity purification/mass spectrometry revealed a critical role of DLG5 in the formation of protein assemblies containing core Hippo kinases mammalian ste20 homologs 1/2 (MST1/2) and Par-1 polarity proteins microtubule affinity-regulating kinases 1/2/3 (MARK1/2/3). Consistent with this finding, Hippo signaling is markedly hyperactive in mammalian Dlg5−/− tissues and cells in vivo and ex vivo and in Drosophila upon dlg5 knockdown. Conditional deletion of Mst1/2 fully rescued the phenotypes of brain-specific Dlg5 knockout mice. Dlg5 also interacts genetically with Hippo effectors Yap1/Taz. Mechanistically, we show that DLG5 inhibits the association between MST1/2 and large tumor suppressor homologs 1/2 (LATS1/2), uses its scaffolding function to link MST1/2 with MARK3, and inhibits MST1/2 kinase activity. These data reveal a direct connection between cell polarity proteins and Hippo, which is essential for proper development of multicellular organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Kwan
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Anna Sczaniecka
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Emad Heidary Arash
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Liem Nguyen
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Chia-Chun Chen
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Srdjana Ratkovic
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Olga Klezovitch
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Liliana Attisano
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Helen McNeill
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Andrew Emili
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Valeri Vasioukhin
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA.,Department of Pathology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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Ibrahimpasic T, Xu B, Landa I, Dogan S, Middha S, Seshan V, Deraje S, Carlson DL, Migliacci J, Knauf JA, Untch B, Berger MF, Morris L, Tuttle RM, Chan T, Fagin JA, Ghossein R, Ganly I. Genomic Alterations in Fatal Forms of Non-Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer: Identification of MED12 and RBM10 as Novel Thyroid Cancer Genes Associated with Tumor Virulence. Clin Cancer Res 2017. [PMID: 28634282 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-1183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) have a very high death rate. In contrast, deaths from non-anaplastic thyroid (NAT) cancer are much less common. The genetic alterations in fatal NAT cancers have not been reported.Experimental Design: We performed next-generation sequencing of 410 cancer genes from 57 fatal NAT primary cancers. Results were compared with The Cancer Genome Atlas study (TCGA study) of papillary thyroid cancers (PTCs) and to the genomic changes reported in ATC.Results: There was a very high prevalence of TERT promoter mutations, comparable with that of ATC, and these co-occurred with BRAF and RAS mutations. A high incidence of chromosome 1q gain was seen highlighting its importance in tumor aggressiveness. Two novel fusion genes DLG5-RET and OSBPL1A-BRAF were identified. There was a high frequency of mutations in MED12 and these were mutually exclusive to TERT promoter mutations and also to BRAF and RAS mutations. In addition, a high frequency of mutations in RBM10 was identified and these co-occurred with RAS mutations and PIK3CA mutations. Compared with the PTCs in TCGA, there were higher frequencies of mutations in TP53, POLE, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway effectors, SWI/SNF subunits, and histone methyltransferases.Conclusions: These data support a model, whereby fatal NAT cancers arise from well-differentiated tumors through the accumulation of key additional genetic abnormalities. The high rate of TERT promoter mutations, MED12 mutations, RBM10 mutations, and chromosome 1q gain highlight their likely association with tumor virulence. Clin Cancer Res; 23(19); 5970-80. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tihana Ibrahimpasic
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Iñigo Landa
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Snjezana Dogan
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Sumit Middha
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Venkatraman Seshan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Shyam Deraje
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Diane L Carlson
- Department of Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jocelyn Migliacci
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jeffrey A Knauf
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Brian Untch
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Michael F Berger
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Luc Morris
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - R Michael Tuttle
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Timothy Chan
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - James A Fagin
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ronald Ghossein
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
| | - Ian Ganly
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. .,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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7
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Chong YC, Mann RK, Zhao C, Kato M, Beachy PA. Bifurcating action of Smoothened in Hedgehog signaling is mediated by Dlg5. Genes Dev 2015; 29:262-76. [PMID: 25644602 PMCID: PMC4318143 DOI: 10.1101/gad.252676.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Binding of the Hedgehog (Hh) protein signal to its receptor, Patched, induces accumulation of the seven-pass transmembrane protein Smoothened (Smo) within the primary cilium and of the zinc finger transcription factor Gli2 at the ciliary tip, resulting ultimately in Gli-mediated changes in nuclear gene expression. However, the mechanism by which pathway activation is communicated from Smo to Gli2 is not known. In an effort to elucidate this mechanism, we identified Dlg5 (Discs large, homolog 5) in a biochemical screen for proteins that preferentially interact with activated Smo. We found that disruption of Smo-Dlg5 interactions or depletion of endogenous Dlg5 leads to diminished Hh pathway response without a significant impact on Smo ciliary accumulation. We also found that Dlg5 is localized at the basal body, where it associates with another pathway component, Kif7. We show that Dlg5 is required for Hh-induced enrichment of Kif7 and Gli2 at the tip of the cilium but is dispensable for Gpr161 exit from the cilium and the consequent suppression of Gli3 processing into its repressor form. Our findings suggest a bifurcation of Smo activity in Hh response, with a Dlg5-independent arm for suppression of Gli repressor formation and a second arm involving Smo interaction with Dlg5 for Gli activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chun Chong
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Randall K Mann
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Chen Zhao
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Masaki Kato
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Philip A Beachy
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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Jianzhong H. The genetic predisposition and the interplay of host genetics and gut microbiome in Crohn disease. Clin Lab Med 2014; 34:763-70. [PMID: 25439275 DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Extensive genetic studies have identified more than 140 loci predisposing to Crohn disease (CD). Several major CD susceptibility genes have been shown to impair biological function with regard to immune response to recognizing and clearance of bacterial infection. Recent human microbiome studies suggest that the gut microbiome composition is differentiated in carriers of many risk variants of major CD susceptibility genes. This interplay between host genetics and its associated gut microbiome may play an essential role in the pathogenesis of CD. The ongoing microbiome research is aimed to investigate the detailed host genetics-microbiome interacting mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Jianzhong
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, 14-70 Icahn Building, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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9
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Liu J, Li J, Ren Y, Liu P. DLG5 in cell polarity maintenance and cancer development. Int J Biol Sci 2014; 10:543-9. [PMID: 24910533 PMCID: PMC4046881 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.8888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Failure in establishment and maintenance of epithelial cell polarity contributes to tumorigenesis. Loss of expression and function of cell polarity proteins is directly related to epithelial cell polarity maintenance. The polarity protein discs large homolog 5 (DLG5) belongs to a family of molecular scaffolding proteins called Membrane Associated Guanylate Kinases (MAGUKs). As the other family members, DLG5 contains the multi-PDZ, SH3 and GUK domains. DLG5 has evolved in the same manner as DLG1 and ZO1, two well-studied MAGUKs proteins. Just like DLG1 and ZO1, DLG5 plays a role in cell migration, cell adhesion, precursor cell division, cell proliferation, epithelial cell polarity maintenance, and transmission of extracellular signals to the membrane and cytoskeleton. Since the roles of DLG5 in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and Crohn's disease (CD) have been reviewed, here, our review focuses on the roles of DLG5 in epithelial cell polarity maintenance and cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- 1. Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University College of Medicine
| | - Juan Li
- 1. Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University College of Medicine
| | - Yu Ren
- 2. Department of Surgical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University College of Medicine
| | - Peijun Liu
- 1. Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University College of Medicine
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Michail S, Bultron G, Depaolo RW. Genetic variants associated with Crohn's disease. APPLICATION OF CLINICAL GENETICS 2013; 6:25-32. [PMID: 23935379 PMCID: PMC3735034 DOI: 10.2147/tacg.s33966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Crohn’s disease is an immune-related disorder characterized by inflammation of the gastrointestinal mucosa, which can occur in any area throughout the digestive tract. This life-long disease commonly presents with abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting, and weight loss. While the exact etiology of this disease is largely unknown, it is thought to arise from an interaction between microbial, immunological, and environmental factors in a genetically susceptible host, whereby the immune system attacks the intestine as it cross reacts against gut microbial antigens. The study of genetic variants associated with Crohn’s disease has shed light on our understanding of disease pathophysiology. A large number of genetic variants identified in Crohn’s disease are related to genes targeting microbial recognition and bacterial wall sensing, the most common being NOD2/CARD15 gene. This review will discuss the recent advance in our knowledge of genetic variants of this disease and how they influence the disease course and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Michail
- The University of Southern California, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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11
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Chua KH, Lian LH, Kee BP, Thum CM, Lee WS, Hilmi I, Goh KL. Identification of DLG5 and SLC22A5 gene polymorphisms in Malaysian patients with Crohn's disease. J Dig Dis 2011; 12:459-66. [PMID: 22118696 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-2980.2011.00533.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the association of DLG5 and SLC22A5 gene polymorphisms with the onset of Crohn's disease (CD) in a Malaysian cohort. METHODS Genomic DNA of 80 CD patients and 100 healthy unrelated control individuals was extracted and analyzed via polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) on DLG5 (4136 C/A), DLG5_e26 and SLC22A5 (-207 G/C) genetic polymorphisms. Data obtained from the study were then subjected to statistical analysis to test for risk association. RESULTS Significant associations of both DLG5 polymorphisms with the development of CD in the Malaysian patients were observed in this study. The homozygous C genotype of the DLG5 polymorphism was significantly related to CD patients (P = 0.0023, OR = 2.5320), while the homozygous A was significant in control individuals (P = 0.0224, OR = 0.4480). In DLG5_e26 polymorphisms, we found a significant distribution of the homozygous insA genotype in CD patients (P = 0.0006, OR = 2.8916), whereas the heterozygous insA/delA genotype was significant in controls (P = 0.0007, OR = 0.3487). We hypothesized that there might be a complex interaction of both alleles, which confered a protective effect against the onset of CD. However, we did not observe any significant correlation of SLC22A5 polymorphisms with this disease. CONCLUSIONS In our study, both polymorphisms in the DLG5 gene were found to be associated with CD patients in Malaysia. Therefore, these loci can be potentially used as susceptibility markers in the Malaysian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kek Heng Chua
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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12
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Yamamoto-Furusho JK, Mendivil EJ, Fonseca-Camarillo G, Villeda-Espinoza MA, Barreto-Zuñiga R. Increased expression of discs large homolog 5 gene (DLG5) in ulcerative colitis patients compared to healthy individuals. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011; 17:1639. [PMID: 21674725 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.21566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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13
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Dema B, Fernández-Arquero M, Maluenda C, Polanco I, Figueredo MA, De La Concha EG, Urcelay E, Núñez C. The R30Q DLG5 variant is not associated with celiac disease or inflammatory bowel disease in the Spanish population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 77:62-4. [PMID: 20796250 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2010.01560.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in intestinal epithelial permeability could underlie inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and celiac disease (CeD) etiology, as supported by previous association studies. One related gene, DLG5 [discs, large homologue 5 (Drosophila)], has been associated with IBD in several populations and with CeD in the Dutch population. We tried to confirm the involvement of DLG5 in CeD performing a case-control study (725 CeD patients and 803 controls) by analysing the R30Q variant (rs1248696). Genetic frequencies did not significantly differ between groups (P > 0.80) and the meta-analysis with the Dutch data did not show any association. Additionally, we evaluated the effect of R30Q in IBD risk (858 patients), as discordant results were previously obtained. No association was detected. Our study does not support the effect of the R30Q DLG5 variant in CeD or IBD predisposition in the Spanish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Dema
- Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
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14
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Annese V, Latiano A, Palmieri O, Andriulli A. Dissecting genetic predisposition to inflammatory bowel disease: current progress and prospective application. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2010; 3:287-98. [PMID: 20477673 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.3.3.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Over the last 10 years, sensitive advancement has been made in the study of genetic susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Complementary methodologies of linkage, fine-mapping and candidate-gene studies have led to the identification of a number of susceptibility genes and loci, including caspase activation and recruitment domain 15 (CARD15), major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and IBD5, whereas many other genes (nucleotide oligomerization domain 1 [NOD1], tumor-upregulated CARD-containing antagonist of caspase-9 [TUCAN], Toll-like receptors [TLR], interleukin 23 receptor [IL23R], multidrug resistance 1 [MDR1], myosin IXb [MYO9B], chemokine [C-Cmotif] ligand 20 [CCL20], human beta-defensin 2 [HBD-2], autophagy-related 16-like 1 [ATG16L1]) are still awaiting confirmation. The CARD15 gene is currently the most widely replicated and investigated gene. The exact sequence of events that link CARD15 variants to early pathogenetic changes is unknown. However, the role of the encoded protein confirms the relevance of appropriate responses by the innate immune system to intestinal bacteria, including the production of antimicrobial peptides (defensins). With the implementation of new genomics and proteomics methodologies, genetic research will advance our further understanding of the clinical heterogeneity of IBD and tackle the complex interactions between genetic and environmental risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Annese
- Unità e Laboratorio di Gastroenterologia ed Endoscopia, Ospedale I.R.C.C.S 'Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza', Viale Cappuccini, 1-71013 San Giovanni Rotondo (Fg), Italy.
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Henckaerts L, Vlietinck R, Derom C, Boonen S, Rutgeerts P, Vermeire S. Transmission ratio distortion of DLG5 R30Q: evidence for prenatal selection? Inflamm Bowel Dis 2010; 16:910-1. [PMID: 19774648 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.21109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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Gaj P, Habior A, Mikula M, Ostrowski J. Lack of evidence for association of primary sclerosing cholangitis and primary biliary cirrhosis with risk alleles for Crohn's disease in Polish patients. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2008; 9:81. [PMID: 18715515 PMCID: PMC2535589 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-9-81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2008] [Accepted: 08/21/2008] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous papers have addressed the association of mutations and polymorphisms of susceptibility genes with autoimmune inflammatory disorders. We investigated whether polymorphisms that confer susceptibility to Crohn's disease could be classified also as predisposing factors for the development of primary sclerosing cholangitis and primary biliary cirrhosis in Polish patients. METHODS The study included 60 patients with CD, 77 patients with PSC, of which 61 exhibited IBD (40 UC, 8 CD, and 13 indeterminate colitis), and 144 patients with PBC. All the patients were screened against Crohn's disease associating genetic polymorphisms. The polymorphisms were chosen according to previously confirmed evidence for association with Crohn's disease, including Pro268Ser, Arg702Trp, Gly908Arg and 1007fs in NOD2/CARD15, Leu503Phe/-207G>C in SLC22A4/OCTN1/SLC22A5/OCTN2, Arg30Gln in DLG5, Thr300Ala in ATG16L1, and Arg381Gln, His3Gln and exon-3'UTR in IL23R. Genotyping was carried out using TaqMan SNP genotyping assays. RESULTS We confirmed a strong association between three NOD2/CARD15 gene variants (Pro268Ser, OR = 2.52, 95% CI = 1.34-4.75); (Arg702Trp, OR = 6.65, 95% CI = 1.99-22.17); (1007fs, OR = 9.59, 95% CI = 3.94-23.29), and a weak association between both the protective OCTN1/OCTN2 CC haplotype (OR = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.08-0.94), and a variant of ATG16L1 gene (Thr300Ala, OR = 0.468, 95% CI = 0.24-0.90) with Crohn's disease. In contrast, none of the polymorphisms exhibited association with susceptibility to primary sclerosing cholangitis and primary biliary cirrhosis, including a group of primary sclerosing cholangitis patients with concurrent IBD. CONCLUSION Although the clinical data indicate non-random co-occurrence of inflammatory bowel disease and primary sclerosing cholangitis, consistently with the previously published studies, no genetic association was found between the genetic variants predisposing to Crohn's disease and hepatobiliary autoimmune disorders. However, since estimation of genetic variant disproportion is limited by sample size, these negative results may also indicate that eventually shared genetic predispositions are too little to be captured by small patient groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Gaj
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical Center for Postgraduate Education at the Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center, Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland.
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The Crohn's disease susceptibility gene DLG5 as a member of the CARD interaction network. J Mol Med (Berl) 2008; 86:423-32. [PMID: 18335190 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-008-0307-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2007] [Revised: 12/23/2007] [Accepted: 01/02/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Discs large homolog 5 (DLG5), a member of the membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) family of scaffolding proteins, has been associated with Crohn's disease (CD), but its role in the pathogenesis of this inflammatory bowel disease is disputed. Here, we used sequence comparisons and phylogenies to analyse the DLG5 gene and its protein product. We identified a 5' exon, which codes for an N-terminal caspase recruitment domain (CARD) and experimentally confirmed its expression in colonic tissue. DLG5 shares this new domain with nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain containing 2 (NOD2); the first CD susceptibility factor identified in genetic studies. An extensive phylogenetic analysis redefines the family organisation of the MAGUK proteins: DLG5 is closely related to CARD10, CARD11 and CARD14, CARD-containing proteins which initiate pro-inflammatory NFkappaB signalling, but not to DLG1-4, previously considered the closest related proteins. Therefore, we suggest renaming DLG5 to correctly annotate the gene in its phylogenetic and functional context. Our study provides evidence that the scaffolding protein DLG5 belongs to the CARD protein family. Thus, DLG5 likely acts in the regulation of NFkB activation or caspase activation as part of host defence mechanisms. As there is substantial crosstalk between CARD-mediated pathways, both CD susceptibility genes, NOD2 and DLG5, may interact functionally to contribute to CD risk.
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Abstract
Great progress in the understanding of the molecular genetics of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been made over the last 10 years. Strong epidemiological evidence, based initially on concordance data in twin/family studies, led to the application of genome-wide linkage analysis involving multiply affected families and the identification of a number of susceptibility loci. Further characterization of the IBD1 locus on chromosome 16 led to the discovery of the NOD2/CARD15 gene as the first susceptibility gene in Crohn's disease for 2001. This landmark finding has led to a redirection of basic research in IBD with interest focused principally on regulation of the innate immune response and mucosal barrier function. Within the last year, the use of genome-wide association studies has provided new insights into primary pathogenetic mechanisms; several new genes such as the Interleukin-23 receptor (IL23R) and ATG16L1 (autophagy-related 16-like 1) genes are strongly implicated. Overall, these studies promise to change our fundamental understanding of IBD pathophysiology and to have implications for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Van Limbergen
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Molecular Medicine Centre, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Biank V, Broeckel U, Kugathasan S. Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease: clinical and molecular genetics. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2007; 13:1430-8. [PMID: 17600381 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.20213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric-onset inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by distinct phenotypic differences compared to adult-onset IBD. This raises the question whether early (pediatric) onset IBD represents the same disease process occurring in adults but merely at an earlier age or does IBD in children have a very different etiology and pathogenesis but with the same clinical presentation as adults. The use of techniques such as whole genome association studies to perform broad, unbiased screening for the contributions of common genetic variations to complex disease has rapidly assisted in the identification of several novel susceptibility loci associated with pediatric-onset Crohn's disease such as IL23R and ATG16L1. These genes join the already confirmed IBD susceptibility genes such as NOD2/CARD15, IBD5, and DLG5. Therefore, there is hope that advances in the field of clinical and molecular genetics will assist in answering the fundamental question of whether pediatric IBD has a different etiology and pathogenesis compared to adult IBD. This review examines the current status of clinical and molecular genetics of pediatric IBD, and highlights the differences between pediatric and adult IBD in disease phenotypes and genotypes. Finally, the future directions of genetic investigations in pediatric IBD are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Biank
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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Browning BL, Huebner C, Petermann I, Demmers P, McCulloch A, Gearry RB, Barclay ML, Shelling AN, Ferguson LR. Association of DLG5 variants with inflammatory bowel disease in the New Zealand Caucasian population and meta-analysis of the DLG5 R30Q variant. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2007; 13:1069-76. [PMID: 17455201 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.20157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Variants in the DLG5 gene have been associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in samples from some, but not all populations. In particular, 2 nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), R30Q (rs1248696) and P1371Q (rs2289310), have been associated with an increased risk of IBD, and a common haplotype (called haplotype "A") has been associated with reduced risk. METHODS We genotyped R30Q, P1371Q, and a haplotype A tagging SNP (rs2289311) in a New Zealand Caucasian cohort of 389 Crohn's disease (CD) patients, 406 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, and 416 population controls. Each SNP was tested for association with disease susceptibility and clinical phenotypes. We also performed a meta-analysis of R30Q data from published association studies. RESULTS The haplotype A tagging SNP was associated with reduced risk of IBD at the 0.05 significance level (P=0.036) with an allelic odds ratio of 0.83 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.69-0.99). Association with haplotype A was strongest (odds ratio approximately 0.57) in UC patients with familial IBD or extraintestinal manifestations. The R30Q and P1371Q polymorphisms were not significantly associated with UC, CD, or IBD. Analysis of male and female data did not find any gender-specific associations. Meta-analysis gave no evidence of association of R30Q with IBD. CONCLUSIONS Meta-analysis demonstrates that the minor allele of R30Q is not a risk factor for IBD across populations. This study provides some evidence that DLG5 haplotype A is associated with reduced risk of IBD in the New Zealand Caucasian population, but this association will need to be replicated in an independent sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian L Browning
- Discipline of Nutrition, Department of Statistics, University of Auckland, New Zealand, and Department of Gastroenterology, Box Hill Hospital, Monash, Australia.
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Franke A, Hampe J, Rosenstiel P, Becker C, Wagner F, Häsler R, Little RD, Huse K, Ruether A, Balschun T, Wittig M, ElSharawy A, Mayr G, Albrecht M, Prescott NJ, Onnie CM, Fournier H, Keith T, Radelof U, Platzer M, Mathew CG, Stoll M, Krawczak M, Nürnberg P, Schreiber S. Systematic association mapping identifies NELL1 as a novel IBD disease gene. PLoS One 2007; 2:e691. [PMID: 17684544 PMCID: PMC1933598 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0000691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2007] [Accepted: 06/20/2007] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn disease (CD), a sub-entity of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is a complex polygenic disorder. Although recent studies have successfully identified CD-associated genetic variants, these susceptibility loci explain only a fraction of the heritability of the disease. Here, we report on a multi-stage genome-wide scan of 393 German CD cases and 399 controls. Among the 116,161 single-nucleotide polymorphisms tested, an association with the known CD susceptibility gene NOD2, the 5q31 haplotype, and the recently reported CD locus at 5p13.1 was confirmed. In addition, SNP rs1793004 in the gene encoding nel-like 1 precursor (NELL1, chromosome 11p15.1) showed a consistent disease-association in independent German population- and family-based samples (942 cases, 1082 controls, 375 trios). Subsequent fine mapping and replication in an independent sample of 454 French/Canadian CD trios supported the authenticity of the NELL1 association. Further confirmation in a large German ulcerative colitis (UC) sample indicated that NELL1 is a ubiquitous IBD susceptibility locus (combined p<10−6; OR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.30–2.11). The novel 5p13.1 locus was also replicated in the French/Canadian sample and in an independent UK CD patient panel (453 cases, 521 controls, combined p<10−6 for SNP rs1992660). Several associations were replicated in at least one independent sample, point to an involvement of ITGB6 (upstream), GRM8 (downstream), OR5V1 (downstream), PPP3R2 (downstream), NM_152575 (upstream) and HNF4G (intron).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Franke
- Institute for Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jochen Hampe
- First Department of Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Philip Rosenstiel
- Institute for Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Becker
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
- RZPD German Resource Center for Genome Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Wagner
- RZPD German Resource Center for Genome Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Häsler
- Institute for Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Klaus Huse
- Genome Analysis Group, Leibniz Institute for Age Research, Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Ruether
- PopGen Biobank, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tobias Balschun
- Institute for Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Wittig
- PopGen Biobank, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Abdou ElSharawy
- Institute for Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Gabriele Mayr
- Max-Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Mario Albrecht
- Max-Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Natalie J. Prescott
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Clive M. Onnie
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Tim Keith
- Genizon BioSciences5, Québec, Canada
| | - Uwe Radelof
- RZPD German Resource Center for Genome Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Platzer
- Genome Analysis Group, Leibniz Institute for Age Research, Jena, Germany
| | - Christopher G. Mathew
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Monika Stoll
- Leibniz-Institute for Arteriosclerosis Research, University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Krawczak
- PopGen Biobank, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Institute for Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- First Department of Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- PopGen Biobank, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Yamazaki K, Onouchi Y, Takazoe M, Kubo M, Nakamura Y, Hata A. Association analysis of genetic variants in IL23R, ATG16L1 and 5p13.1 loci with Crohn's disease in Japanese patients. J Hum Genet 2007; 52:575-583. [PMID: 17534574 DOI: 10.1007/s10038-007-0156-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2007] [Accepted: 04/29/2007] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases, Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis are characterised by chronic transmural, segmental and typically granulomatous inflammation of the gut. Each has a peak age of onset in the second to fourth decades of life and prevalence has been increasing significantly in both Western countries and Japan over the last decade, while their pathogenesis remains largely unknown. Recently, positive association of CD with the variants in interleukin 23 receptor (IL23R), autophagy-related 16-like 1 (ATG16L1) genes and chromosome 5p13.1 locus was reported through genome-wide association studies which are now recognised as a robust tool for the identification of susceptibility genes for complex diseases. To examine an association of reported susceptible variants in the three loci with Japanese CD patients, a total of 484 CD patients and 439 controls were genotyped. No evidence of positive association for any of these loci with CD was found in the Japanese population, even after clinically stratified subgroups of CD were used. Our result revealed a distinct ethnic difference of genetic background of CD that we reported previously in other genes between Japanese and Caucasian populations. Further genetic studies are required to confirm our findings with ethnically divergent populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Yamazaki
- Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases, SNP Research Center, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Onouchi
- Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases, SNP Research Center, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masakazu Takazoe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Social Insurance Chuo General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- Laboratory for Genotyping, SNP Research Center, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakamura
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Hata
- Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases, SNP Research Center, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
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Russell RK, Drummond HE, Nimmo ER, Anderson N, Wilson DC, Gillett PM, McGrogan P, Hassan K, Weaver LT, Bisset WM, Mahdi G, Satsangi J. The contribution of the DLG5 113A variant in early-onset inflammatory bowel disease. J Pediatr 2007; 150:268-73. [PMID: 17307543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2006.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2006] [Revised: 10/04/2006] [Accepted: 12/07/2006] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the contribution of the 113 G-->A missense mutation within the discs, large homolog 5 (DLG5) gene in childhood-onset inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Scotland. STUDY DESIGN Two-hundred and ninety-six children with IBD were studied. Parental DNA was also collected for transmission disequilibrium testing (TDT) analysis. Genotyping was performed by TaqMan. Genotype-phenotype analysis was also undertaken. Socioeconomic status was assigned using a deprivation category (DepCat) score 1 through 7 (1 = most affluent). RESULTS TDT analysis demonstrated a significant association with IBD (P = .045). On unifactorial analysis, 113A carriage was associated with: (1) higher social class (DepCat 1 compared with 2-7, and 1-2 compared with 3-7) (66.7% vs 22.6%, P = .0005, OR 6.84 [1.99-23.55] and 37.2% vs 22.2%, P = .03, OR 2.08 [1.04-4.17], respectively); (2) higher height centile (>75th centile vs <75th centile) (42.9% vs 23.1%, P = .01, OR 2.50 [1.18-5.28]); and (3) male sex in Crohn's disease (CD) (29.3% vs 16.9%, P = .04, OR 2.04 [1.01-4.11]). Multifactorial analysis demonstrated that higher social class (DepCat 1) was independently associated with carriage of variants of 113A (P = .001, OR = 6.92 [2.24-21.33]). CONCLUSIONS DLG5 113A is associated with increased susceptibility to IBD in Scottish children. The effect may be most marked for those children living in relative affluence.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Russell
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Molecular Medicine Centre, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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