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Shin Y, Kim B, Kim W. Cisplatin-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Effect of Herbal Medicines. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3395. [PMID: 36501434 PMCID: PMC9736559 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic agent that is widely used to treat various types of cancers. However, its side effects, most commonly nausea and vomiting, limit its widespread use. Although various drugs, such as ondansetron and aprepitant, are used to alleviate these side effects, their efficacy is still debated. This review aims to summarize the results of 14 studies on the effects of seven single herbal extracts, one multiple herbal extract, and one ginger sub-component (i.e., [6]-gingerol) on cisplatin-induced nausea and vomiting. The results of the included studies were subdivided into four categories: kaolin consumption, retching and vomiting, food intake, and weight loss. Most studies used rodents, whereas four studies used minks or pigeons. The doses of cisplatin used in the studies varied from 3 mg/kg to 7.5 mg/kg, and only a single injection was used. Nine studies analyzed the mechanisms of action of herbal medicines and assessed the involvement of neurotransmitters, cytokines, enzymes, and various hematological parameters. Although further research is needed, this review suggests herbal medicine as a viable treatment option for cisplatin-induced neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchan Shin
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojin Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Tian L, Qian W, Qian Q, Zhang W, Cai X. Gingerol inhibits cisplatin-induced acute and delayed emesis in rats and minks by regulating the central and peripheral 5-HT, SP, and DA systems. J Nat Med 2019; 74:353-370. [PMID: 31768887 PMCID: PMC7044144 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-019-01372-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Gingerol, a biologically active component in ginger, has shown antiemetic properties. Our study aimed to explore the underlying mechanisms of gingerol on protecting rats and minks from chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. The preventive impact of gingerol was evaluated in the pica model of rats and the vomiting model of minks induced by cisplatin at every 6 h continuously for a duration of 72 h. Animals were arbitrarily separated into blank control group, simple gingerol control group, cisplatin control group, cisplatin + metoclopramide group, cisplatin + three different doses gingerol group (low-dose; middle-dose; high-dose). The area postrema as well as ileum damage were assessed using H&E stain. The levels of 5-TH, 5-HT3 receptor, TPH, SERT, SP, NK1 receptor, PPT, NEP, DA, D2R, TH, and DAT were determined using immunohistochemistry or qRT-PCR in rats and minks. All indicators were measured in the area postrema along with ileum. The kaolin intake by rats and the incidence of CINV of minks were significantly decreased after pretreatment with gingerol in a dosage-dependent way for the duration of 0–24-h and 24–72-h. Gingerol markedly decreased the levels of 5-TH, 5-HT3 receptor, TPH, SP, NK1 receptor, PPT, DA, D2R, TH, alleviated area postrema as well as ileum damage, and increased the accumulation of SERT, NEP, DAT in the area postrema along with ileum of rats and minks. Gingerol alleviates cisplatin-induced kaolin intake of rats and emesis of minks possibly by regulating central and peripheral 5-HT system, SP system and DA system. Graphic abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tian
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Weibin Qian
- Postdoctoral Mobile Station, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Lung Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 16369 Jingshi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuhai Qian
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Lung Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 16369 Jingshi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinrui Cai
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 17 Yuxing Road, Central District, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Steinkellner H, Binaglia M, Dall'Asta C, Gutleb AC, Metzler M, Oswald IP, Parent-Massin D, Alexander J. Combined hazard assessment of mycotoxins and their modified forms applying relative potency factors: Zearalenone and T2/HT2 toxin. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 131:110599. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Ullah I, Subhan F, Alam J, Shahid M, Ayaz M. Suppression of Cisplatin-Induced Vomiting by Cannabis sativa in Pigeons: Neurochemical Evidences. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:231. [PMID: 29615907 PMCID: PMC5865282 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabis sativa (CS, family Cannabinaceae) has been reported for its anti-emetic activity against cancer chemotherapy-induced emesis in animal models and in clinics. The current study was designed to investigate CS for potential effectiveness to attenuate cisplatin-induced vomiting in healthy pigeons and to study the impact on neurotransmitters involved centrally and peripherally in the act of vomiting. High-performance liquid chromatography system coupled with electrochemical detector was used for the quantification of neurotransmitters 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT), dopamine (DA) and their metabolites; Di-hydroxy Phenyl Acetic acid (Dopac), Homovanillic acid (HVA), and 5-hydroxy indole acetic acid (5HIAA) centrally in specific brain areas (area postrema and brain stem) while, peripherally in small intestine. Cisplatin (7 mg/kg i.v.) induce emesis without lethality across the 24 h observation period. CS hexane fraction (CS-HexFr; 10 mg/kg) attenuated cisplatin-induced emesis ∼ 65.85% (P < 0.05); the reference anti-emetic drug, metoclopramide (MCP; 30 mg/kg), produced ∼43.90% reduction (P < 0.05). At acute time point (3rd h), CS-HexFr decreased (P < 0.001) the concentration of 5HT and 5HIAA in the area postrema, brain stem and intestine, while at 18th h (delayed time point) CS-HexFr attenuated (P < 0.001) the upsurge of 5HT caused by cisplatin in the brain stem and intestine and dopamine in the area postrema. CS-HexFr treatment alone did not alter the basal neurotransmitters and their metabolites in the brain areas and intestine except 5HIAA and HVA, which were decreased significantly. In conclusion the anti-emetic effect of CS-HexFr is mediated by anti-serotonergic and anti-dopaminergic components in a blended manner at the two different time points, i.e., 3rd and 18th h in pigeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihsan Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Subhan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Javaid Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan.,Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ayaz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan
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Knutsen HK, Barregård L, Bignami M, Brüschweiler B, Ceccatelli S, Cottrill B, Dinovi M, Edler L, Grasl-Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Hoogenboom LR, Nebbia CS, Oswald IP, Petersen A, Rose M, Roudot AC, Schwerdtle T, Vleminckx C, Vollmer G, Wallace H, Dall'Asta C, Gutleb AC, Metzler M, Parent-Massin D, Binaglia M, Steinkellner H, Alexander J. Appropriateness to set a group health based guidance value for nivalenol and its modified forms. EFSA J 2017; 15:e04751. [PMID: 32625457 PMCID: PMC7009959 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) reviewed new studies on nivalenol since the previous opinion on nivalenol published in 2013, but as no new relevant data were identified the tolerable daily intake (TDI) for nivalenol (NIV) of 1.2 μg/kg body weight (bw) established on bases of immuno- and haematotoxicity in rats was retained. An acute reference dose (ARfD) of 14 μg/kg bw was established based on acute emetic events in mink. The only phase I metabolite of NIV identified is de-epoxy-nivalenol (DE-NIV) and the only phase II metabolite is nivalenol-3-glucoside (NIV3Glc). DE-NIV is devoid of toxic activity and was thus not further considered. NIV3Glc can occur in cereals amounting up to about 50% of NIV. There are no toxicity data on NIV3Glc, but as it can be assumed that it is hydrolysed to NIV in the intestinal tract it should be included in a group TDI and in a group ARfD with NIV. The uncertainty associated with the present assessment is considered as high and it would rather overestimate than underestimate any risk.
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Knutsen HK, Barregård L, Bignami M, Brüschweiler B, Ceccatelli S, Cottrill B, Dinovi M, Edler L, Grasl-Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Hoogenboom LR, Nebbia CS, Oswald I, Petersen A, Rose M, Roudot AC, Schwerdtle T, Vleminckx C, Vollmer G, Wallace H, Dall'Asta C, Gutleb A, Metzler M, Oswald I, Parent-Massin D, Binaglia M, Steinkellner H, Alexander J. Appropriateness to set a group health based guidance value for T2 and HT2 toxin and its modified forms. EFSA J 2017; 15:e04655. [PMID: 32625252 PMCID: PMC7010130 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) established a tolerable daily intake (TDI) for T2 and HT2 of 0.02 μg/kg body weight (bw) per day based on a new in vivo subchronic toxicity study in rats that confirmed that immune- and haematotoxicity are the critical effects of T2 and using a reduction in total leucocyte count as the critical endpoint. An acute reference dose (ARfD) of 0.3 μg for T2 and HT2/kg bw was established based on acute emetic events in mink. Modified forms of T2 and HT2 identified are phase I metabolites mainly formed through hydrolytic cleavage of one or more of the three ester groups of T2. Less prominent hydroxylation reactions occur predominantly at the side chain. Phase II metabolism involves conjugation with glucose, modified glucose, sulfate, feruloyl and acetyl groups. The few data on occurrence of modified forms indicate that grain products are their main source. The CONTAM Panel found it appropriate to establish a group TDI and a group ARfD for T2 and HT2 and its modified forms. Potency factors relative to T2 for the modified forms were used to account for differences in acute and chronic toxic potencies. It was assumed that conjugates (phase II metabolites of T2, HT2 and their phase I metabolites), which are not toxic per se, would be cleaved releasing their aglycones. These metabolites were assigned the relative potency factors (RPFs) of their respective aglycones. The RPFs assigned to the modified forms were all either 1 or less than 1. The uncertainties associated with the present assessment are considered as high. Using the established group, ARfD and TDI would overestimate any risk of modified T2 and HT2.
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Ullah I, Subhan F, Ayaz M, Shah R, Ali G, Haq IU, Ullah S. Anti-emetic mechanisms of Zingiber officinale against cisplatin induced emesis in the pigeon; behavioral and neurochemical correlates. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:34. [PMID: 25888212 PMCID: PMC4355376 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0556-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zingiber officinale (ZO, family Zingiberaceae) has been reported for its antiemetic activity against cancer chemotherapy induced emesis in animal models and in clinics. Current study was designed to investigate ZO for potential usefulness against cisplatin induced vomiting in pigeon and its effects on central and peripheral neurotransmitters involved in the act of vomiting. METHODS Zingiber officinale acetone fraction (ZO-ActFr) was investigated for attenuation of emesis induced by cisplatin in healthy pigeons. Neurotransmitters DA, 5HT and their metabolites DOPAC, HVA and 5HIAA were analyzed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography system coupled with electrochemical detector in area postrema, brain stem and intestine. Antiemetic effect of ZO-ActFr was correlated with central and intestinal neurotransmitters levels in pigeon. RESULTS Cisplatin (7 mg/kg i.v.) induced emesis without lethality upto the observation period. ZO-ActFr (25, 50 & 100 mg/kg) attenuated cisplatin induced emesis ~ 44.18%, 58.13% (P < 0.05) and 27.9%, respectively; the reference drug, metoclopramide (MCP; 30 mg/kg), produced ~ 48.83% reduction (P < 0.05). ZO-ActFr reduced (P < 0.05 - 0.001) 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) concentration in the area postrema, brain stem and intestine at 3(rd) hour of cisplatin administration, while at the 18(th) hour ZO treatments attenuated the dopamine upsurge (P < 0.001) caused by cisplatin in the area postrema and 5HT concentration (P < 0.01 - 0.001) in the brain stem and intestine. ZO treatments alone did not altered the basal neurotransmitters and their metabolites in the brain areas and intestine. CONCLUSION The behavioral study verify the antiemetic profile of ZO against cisplatin induced emesis in the pigeon, where central and peripheral neural evidences advocate the involvement of serotonergic mechanism at initial time point (3(rd) hr), while the later time point (18(th) hr) is associated with serotonergic and dopaminergic component in the mediation of its antiemetic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihsan Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan.
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan.
| | - Fazal Subhan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Ayaz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir Lower, Pakistan.
| | - Rehmat Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan.
- Hospital Pharmacist, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan.
| | - Gowhar Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan.
| | - Ikram Ul Haq
- National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Sami Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan.
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Horn CC, Kimball BA, Wang H, Kaus J, Dienel S, Nagy A, Gathright GR, Yates BJ, Andrews PLR. Why can't rodents vomit? A comparative behavioral, anatomical, and physiological study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60537. [PMID: 23593236 PMCID: PMC3622671 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The vomiting (emetic) reflex is documented in numerous mammalian species, including primates and carnivores, yet laboratory rats and mice appear to lack this response. It is unclear whether these rodents do not vomit because of anatomical constraints (e.g., a relatively long abdominal esophagus) or lack of key neural circuits. Moreover, it is unknown whether laboratory rodents are representative of Rodentia with regards to this reflex. Here we conducted behavioral testing of members of all three major groups of Rodentia; mouse-related (rat, mouse, vole, beaver), Ctenohystrica (guinea pig, nutria), and squirrel-related (mountain beaver) species. Prototypical emetic agents, apomorphine (sc), veratrine (sc), and copper sulfate (ig), failed to produce either retching or vomiting in these species (although other behavioral effects, e.g., locomotion, were noted). These rodents also had anatomical constraints, which could limit the efficiency of vomiting should it be attempted, including reduced muscularity of the diaphragm and stomach geometry that is not well structured for moving contents towards the esophagus compared to species that can vomit (cat, ferret, and musk shrew). Lastly, an in situ brainstem preparation was used to make sensitive measures of mouth, esophagus, and shoulder muscular movements, and phrenic nerve activity–key features of emetic episodes. Laboratory mice and rats failed to display any of the common coordinated actions of these indices after typical emetic stimulation (resiniferatoxin and vagal afferent stimulation) compared to musk shrews. Overall the results suggest that the inability to vomit is a general property of Rodentia and that an absent brainstem neurological component is the most likely cause. The implications of these findings for the utility of rodents as models in the area of emesis research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles C Horn
- Biobehavioral Medicine in Oncology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
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Wu W, Bates MA, Bursian SJ, Link JE, Flannery BM, Sugita-Konishi Y, Watanabe M, Zhang H, Pestka JJ. Comparison of emetic potencies of the 8-ketotrichothecenes deoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, fusarenon X, and nivalenol. Toxicol Sci 2012; 131:279-91. [PMID: 22997060 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfs286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the acute toxic effects of trichothecene mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON or vomitoxin), a known cause of human food poisoning, have been well characterized in several animal species, much less is known about closely related 8-ketotrichothecenes that similarly occur in cereal grains colonized by toxigenic fusaria. To address this, we compared potencies of DON, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON), fusarenon X (FX), and nivalenol (NIV) in the mink emesis model following intraperitoneal (ip) and oral administration. All five congeners dose-dependently induced emesis by both administration methods. With increasing doses, there were marked decreases in latency to emesis with corresponding increases in emesis duration and number of emetic events. The effective doses resulting in emetic events in 50% of the animals for ip exposure to DON, 15-ADON, 3-ADON, FX, and NIV were 80, 170, 180, 70, and 60 µg/kg bw, respectively, and for oral exposure, they were 30, 40, 290, 30, and 250 µg/kg bw, respectively. The emetic potency of DON determined here was comparable to that reported in analogous studies conducted in pigs and dogs, suggesting that the mink is a suitable small animal model for investigating acute trichothecene toxicity. The use of a mouse pica model, based on the consumption of kaolin, was also evaluated as a possible surrogate for studying emesis but was found unsuitable. From a public health perspective, comparative emetic potency data derived from small animal models such as the mink should be useful for establishing toxic equivalency factors for DON and other trichothecenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenda Wu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
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Qian Q, Chen W, Yue W, Yang Z, Liu Z, Qian W. Antiemetic effect of Xiao-Ban-Xia-Tang, a Chinese medicinal herb recipe, on cisplatin-induced acute and delayed emesis in minks. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 128:590-593. [PMID: 20097280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2009] [Revised: 01/08/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Xiao-Ban-Xia-Tang (XBXT), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, has been used in China for more than 2000 years, and proved to be effective on various cases of vomiting in the clinic. OBJECTIVE To investigate the antiemetic effect of XBXT on cisplatin-induced acute and delayed emesis and its effective mechanism on Neurokinin-1 receptor (NK(1)-R) in the new vomiting model of minks. MATERIALS AND METHODS Minks were randomly divided into the normal group, cisplatin group, cisplatin + ondansetron group, cisplatin + low-dose XBXT group and cisplatin + high-dose XBXT group. The antiemetic effect of drugs was investigated in the vomiting model of minks induced by cisplatin (6mgkg(-1), i.p.) in 72h observation, and the expression of NK(1)-R in the area postrema and ileum was measured by Western blot. RESULTS The frequency cisplatin induces retching and vomiting was significantly reduced by pretreatment with XBXT in a dose-dependent manner during the 0-24-h and 24-72-h periods (P<0.05), and XBXT exhibited effective dose-dependent (P<0.05) inhibition on the increase of expression levels of NK1 receptor in both the ileum and area postrema. CONCLUSIONS XBXT has good activity against cisplatin-induced acute and delayed emesis in minks possibly by inhibiting central or peripheral increase of NK(1)-R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhai Qian
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250011, Shandong, China; Pharmic Department, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, Shandong, China
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Qian QH, Yue W, Wang YX, Yang ZH, Liu ZT, Chen WH. Gingerol inhibits cisplatin-induced vomiting by down regulating 5-hydroxytryptamine, dopamine and substance P expression in minks. Arch Pharm Res 2009; 32:565-73. [PMID: 19407975 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-009-1413-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2009] [Revised: 03/03/2009] [Accepted: 03/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the antiemetic effect of gingerol and its multi-targets effective mechanism on 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), dopamine (DA) and substance P (SP). The antiemetic effect of gingerol was investigated on a vomiting model of mink induced by cisplatin (7.5 mg . kg(-1), i.p.) in 6 h observation. The levels of 5-HT, DA and distribution of substance P in the area postrema and ileum were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and immunohistochemistry respectively. The frequency of cisplatin induced retching and vomiting was significantly reduced by pretreatment with gingerol in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). Cisplatin produced a significant increase in 5-HT and DA levels in the area postrema and ileum of minks (P<0.05), and this increase was significantly inhibited by gingerol in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). Substance P-immunoreactive was mainly situated in the mucosa and submucosa of ileum as well as in the neurons of area postrema, and gingerol markedly suppressed the increase immunoreactivity of substance P induced by cisplatin in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). Gingerol has good activity against cisplatin-induced emesis in minks possibly by inhibiting central or peripheral increase of 5-HT, DA and substance P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Hai Qian
- Pharmic Department, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266021, China
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