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Pan S, Yu X, Liu M, Liu J, Wang C, Zhang Y, Ge F, Fan A, Zhang D, Chen M. Banxia Xiexin decoction promotes gastric lymphatic pumping by regulating lymphatic smooth muscle cell contraction and energy metabolism in a stress-induced gastric ulceration rat model. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 328:118015. [PMID: 38499261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula Banxia Xiexin decoction (BXD) has definite therapeutic effect in treating stress-induced gastric ulceration (SIGU) and many other gastrointestinal diseases, but its effect on gastric lymphatic pumping (GLP) remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY Elucidating the role of GLP in SIGU and BXD treatment, and exploring the molecular mechanisms of GLP regulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vivo GLP imaging were performed on SIGU rat model, and the lymphatic dynamic parameters were evaluated. Gastric antrum tissues and serum were collected for macroscopic, histopathological and ulcerative parameters analysis. Gastric lymphatic vessel (GLV) tissues were collected for RNA-Seq assays. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened from RNA-Seq result and submitted for transcriptomic analysis. Key DEGs and their derivative proteins were measured by qRT-PCR and WB. RESULTS GLP was significantly suppressed in SIGU rats. BXD could recover GLP, ameliorate stomach lymphostasis, and alleviate the ulcerative damage. Transcriptome analysis of GLV showed the top up-DEGs were concentrated in smooth muscle contraction signaling pathway, while the top the down-DEGs were concentrated in energy metabolism pathways especially fatty acid degradation pathway, which indicated BXD can promote lymphatic smooth muscle contraction, regulate energy metabolism, and reduce fatty acid degradation. The most possible target of these mechanisms was the lymphatic smooth muscle cells (LSMCs) which drove the GLP. This speculation was further validated by the qRT-PCR and WB assessments for the level of key genes and proteins. CONCLUSIONS By activating the smooth muscle contraction signaling pathway, restoring energy supply, modulating energy metabolism program and reducing fatty acid degradation, BXD effectively recovered GLP, mitigated the accumulation of inflammatory cytokines and metabolic wastes in the stomach, which importantly contributes to its efficacy in treating SIGU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutao Pan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Xue Yu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Mingyu Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Chunguo Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Yao Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Fei Ge
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Angran Fan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing, 101121, China.
| | - Meng Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Mutinda ES, Mkala EM, Ren J, Kimutai F, Waswa EN, Odago WO, Nanjala C, Gichua MK, Njire MM, Hu GW. A review on the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of the genus Veronicastrum (Plantaginaceae). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 300:115695. [PMID: 36108894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Veronicastrum Heist. ex Fabr. (Plantaginaceae) is a multifunctional plant in China and other parts of the continent. It has traditionally been used in the treatment of ascites, edema, blood stasis, pain relief, chronic nephritis injury, fever, cough, headache, arthritis, dysentery, rheumatism, pleural effusion, liver damage, and other disorders. Although research has confirmed that the genus Veronicastrum contain many active compounds, no review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry or pharmacology has been conducted to date. AIM This review aims to systematically evaluate the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of the genus Veronicastrum, discuss its medicinal potential, modern scientific research, and the relationship between them, and put forward some suggestions to promote further development and utilization of Veronicastrum. MATERIALS AND METHODS The traditional uses, phytochemical and pharmacological data related to the genus Veronicastrum from 1955 to date was compiled by surveying the ethnomedicinal books and published papers, and searching the online databases including Google Scholar, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Science Direct, Web of Science and World Flora Online. RESULTS Species of the genus Veronicastrum are widely used in folkloric medicine and some of their uses have been confirmed in modern pharmacological activities. A total of 89 chemical constituents have been isolated from the genus Veronicastrum, including flavonoids, carbohydrates, iridoids, terpenoids, phytosterols, phenolic acids, and other constituents. Among the compounds isolated, iridoids, flavonoids, and terpenoids are responsible for the biological activities of this genus with significant pharmacological activities both in vitro and in vivo. The extracts and compounds isolated from this genus have been reported to contain a wide range of pharmacological activities such as immunosuppressive, antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, gastro protective, and antimicrobial activity. CONCLUSION The genus Veronicastrum is not only a great herbal remedy, but also has numerous bioactive chemicals with potential for new drug discovery. In the literature, phytochemical investigations have been undertaken on five species. Detailed scientific research is still needed to fully understand this genus. Furthermore, its bioactive chemicals' structure-activity connection, in vivo activity, and mechanism of action ought to be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Syowai Mutinda
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan, Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Elijah Mbandi Mkala
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan, Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Jing Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan, Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Festus Kimutai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan, Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
| | - Emmanuel Nyongesa Waswa
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan, Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Wyclif Ochieng Odago
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan, Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Consolata Nanjala
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan, Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Moses Kirega Gichua
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Moses Muguci Njire
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Guang-Wan Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan, Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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3
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Mutinda ES, Mkala EM, Ren J, Kimutai F, Waswa EN, Odago WO, Nanjala C, Gichua MK, Njire MM, Hu GW. A review on the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of the genus Veronicastrum (Plantaginaceae). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 300:115695. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2022.115695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
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4
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Wang X, Yin J, Hu J, Nie S, Xie M. Gastroprotective polysaccharide from natural sources: Review on structure, mechanism, and structure–activity relationship. FOOD FRONTIERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Yin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology China‐Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang) Nanchang University Nanchang 330047 China
- School of Public Health and Health Management Gannan Medical University Ganzhou 341000 China
| | - Jun‐Yi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology China‐Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang) Nanchang University Nanchang 330047 China
| | - Jie‐Lun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology China‐Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang) Nanchang University Nanchang 330047 China
| | - Shao‐Ping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology China‐Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang) Nanchang University Nanchang 330047 China
| | - Ming‐Yong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology China‐Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang) Nanchang University Nanchang 330047 China
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Anantharajappa K, Dharmesh SM, Ravi S. Gastro-protective potentials of Spirulina: role of vitamin B 12. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2019; 57:745-753. [PMID: 32116383 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-04107-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Gastric ulcer is a chronic health problem world over. Spirulina is known to contain significant amounts of vitamin B12 hence Spirulina was evaluated for gastroprotective properties against gastric ulcerations. Spirulina biomass (SB) and Spirulina extract (SE) were evaluated in swim stress induced gastric ulcers in adult male albino rats. Both SB and SE inhibited 45% and 60% of ulcers formation induced by swim stress respectively. Gastroprotection has been elucidated to be due to inhibition of (a) upregulated H+, K+-ATPase activity that induced ulcer condition; (b) lipid peroxidation and (c) altered antioxidant enzyme levels. The data highlighted the importance of vitamin B12 in protecting the gut against gastric ulcerations and suggested that both Spirulina biomass and Spirulina extract contain bioavailable B12. Spirulina based product/food can be used as alternatives to gastroprotective agents that are known to cause acidity themselves upon long term use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumudha Anantharajappa
- 1Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020 India
| | - Shylaja M Dharmesh
- 2Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020 India
| | - Sarada Ravi
- 1Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020 India
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6
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A modified pectic polysaccharide from turmeric (Curcuma longa) with antiulcer effects via anti–secretary, mucoprotective and IL–10 mediated anti–inflammatory mechanisms. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 118:864-880. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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7
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Potential Gastroprotective Activity of Rice Bran ( Oryza sativa L.) Extracted by Ionic Liquid-Microwave-Assisted Extraction against Ethanol-Induced Acute Gastric Ulcers in Rat Model. Sci Pharm 2018; 86:scipharm86030035. [PMID: 30205486 DOI: 10.3390/scipharm86030035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of gamma-oryzanol in rice bran oil can be 10⁻20-fold higher than tocopherol and tocotrienol. Gamma-oryzanol has various pharmacological properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of rice bran extract as a gastroprotective in reducing lesions in ethanol-induced acute gastric ulcer models in rat, using the ionic liquid-microwave-assisted extraction (IL-MAE) method. Rice bran extract was obtained using the IL-MAE method with ionic liquid (IL), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [BMIM]BF₄ (concentration 0.7 M), and a ratio of solid/liquid of 15 g/mL, 15 min extraction time, and 10% microwave power. The rats were pretreated with rice bran extract at different doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight; BW) for seven days and subsequently exposed to acute gastric lesions induced by 80% ethanol. Omeprazole (36 mg/kg BW) was used as a standard anti-ulcer drug. The ulcer index, gastric juice acidity, and mucus levels were measured to assess the degree of gastroprotection. The results showed that the oral administration of rice bran extract at a dose of 400 mg/kg BW significantly inhibited the development of ulcer formation by 66.75% and reduced gastric acid levels. Moreover, gamma oryzanol and omeprazole protected the gastric mucosa from ethanol-induced gastric lesions by increasing the level of gastric mucus. Rice bran extract is effective as a gastroprotective therapy sourced from natural ingredients in treating the incidence of gastric ulcers. Most likely, this is related to gamma oryzanol as a bioactive compound contained in rice bran (Oryza sativa L.).
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8
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Kamireddy K, Chinnu S, Priyanka PS, Rajini PS, Giridhar P. Neuroprotective effect of Decalepis hamiltonii aqueous root extract and purified 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzaldehyde on 6-OHDA induced neurotoxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 105:997-1005. [PMID: 30021395 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the possible neuroprotective efficacy of Decalepis hamiltonii tuber extract against 6-Hydroxy dopamine (6-OHDA) induced neurotoxicity and associated effects in Caenorhabditis elegans. The major component of flavour rich extract from D. hamiltonii is 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzaldehyde (2H4MB) which is an isomer of vanillin. We have conducted preliminary experiments with different types of extracts and subsequently DHFE (D. hamiltonii Fresh Tuber Extract) and DHPF (D. hamiltonii purified 2H4MB fraction) were used for further studies. Here we attempted to enumerate the neuroprotective efficacy of the above compounds in worms by evaluating behavioural and mitochondrial function, dopamine content and selective degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in BZ555 strains in comparison with control and 6-OHDA treated organisms. The relative expression levels of selected antioxidant genes involved in defence mechanism like SOD-3, GST-2 and GST-4 were evaluated along with those of CAT-2 and DOP-2 at mRNA level. We observed that both DHPF and DHFE exhibited significant levels of neuroprotective property against 6-OHDA induced neurotoxicity, which was evident in mitochondrial/dopaminergic function and antioxidant defence mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Kamireddy
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (CSIR-CFTRI Campus), Mysore, India; Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR-CFTRI, Mysore, 570020, India
| | - Salim Chinnu
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (CSIR-CFTRI Campus), Mysore, India; Food Protectants and Infestation Control Department, CSIR-CFTRI, Mysore, 570020, India
| | - P S Priyanka
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (CSIR-CFTRI Campus), Mysore, India; Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR-CFTRI, Mysore, 570020, India
| | - P S Rajini
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (CSIR-CFTRI Campus), Mysore, India; Food Protectants and Infestation Control Department, CSIR-CFTRI, Mysore, 570020, India
| | - Parvatam Giridhar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (CSIR-CFTRI Campus), Mysore, India; Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR-CFTRI, Mysore, 570020, India.
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Carrillo W, Monteiro KM, Spindola H, Ramos M, de Carvalho JE. Antiulcerative and Antinociceptive Activities of Casein and Whey Proteins. J Med Food 2018; 21:605-611. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wilman Carrillo
- Research Institute of Food Science, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), Cantoblanco Campus, Autonomous Univeristy of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Faculty of Foods Science and Engineering, Technical University of Ambato, Ambato, Ecuador
- Research Department Faculty of Health and Human Sciences, Bolivar State University, Guaranda, Ecuador
| | | | | | - Mercedes Ramos
- Research Institute of Food Science, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), Cantoblanco Campus, Autonomous Univeristy of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Huang C, Cao X, Chen X, Fu Y, Zhu Y, Chen Z, Luo Q, Li L, Song X, Jia R, Yin Z, Feng B, Zou Y. A pectic polysaccharide from Ligusticum chuanxiong promotes intestine antioxidant defense in aged mice. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 174:915-922. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.06.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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11
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Manjegowda SB, Rajagopal HM, Dharmesh SM. Polysaccharide of Black cumin ( Nigella sativa) modulates molecular signaling cascade of gastric ulcer pathogenesis. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 101:823-836. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.03.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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12
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Venkateshaiah SU, Eswaraiah MS, Annaiah HNM, Dharmesh SM. Antimetastatic pectic polysaccharide from Decalepis hamiltonii; galectin-3 inhibition and immune-modulation. Clin Exp Metastasis 2017; 34:141-154. [PMID: 28160109 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-017-9836-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is a malignant neoplasm of major concern because of its high mortality rate and failure of chemotherapy. Previously we have shown that galectin-3, a galactose specific lectin, plays a pivotal role in the initiation of metastasis. It was hypothesized that blocking galectin-3 with galactose rich dietary pectic polymer would inhibit metastasis. The current study analyzes the preventive effect and mode of action of a pectic polymer from Swallow Root (Decalepis hamiltonii) in a preventative study of B16F10 cells lung colonization. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) activity was assayed by zymography. Apoptotic/proliferative markers and cytokines were analyzed by immunoassay. Results indicated ~88% inhibition of lung colonization by SRPP as compared to 60% by CPP and only 7% by GRPP. Further molecular analysis revealed that galectin-3 blockade was associated with down regulation of MMPs and NFκB. Activation of caspases supported the apoptotic effect of SRPP. Infiltration of inflammatory cells into the lung was evidenced by presence of CD11b+ cells and release of the pro-inflammatory cytokine-IL-17, indicating inflammation during the cancer cell colonization process. SRPP enhanced the release of IL-12 that enables the reduction of inflammation. Our data for the first time indicate the effective anti-metastatic effect of SRPP due to both galectin-3 blockade and immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathisha U Venkateshaiah
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570 020, Karnataka, India
| | - Mallikarjuna S Eswaraiah
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570 020, Karnataka, India
| | - Harish Nayaka M Annaiah
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570 020, Karnataka, India
| | - Shylaja M Dharmesh
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570 020, Karnataka, India.
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13
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Veronicastrum axillare Alleviates Ethanol-Induced Injury on Gastric Epithelial Cells via Downregulation of the NF-kB Signaling Pathway. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2017; 2017:7395032. [PMID: 28182096 PMCID: PMC5274683 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7395032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We used human gastric epithelial cells (GES-1) line in an ethanol-induced cell damage model to study the protective effect of Veronicastrum axillare and its modulation to NF-κB signal pathway. The goal was to probe the molecular mechanism of V. axillare decoction in the prevention of gastric ulcer and therefore provide guidance in the clinical application of V. axillare on treating injuries from chronic nephritis, pleural effusion, gastric ulcer, and other ailments. The effects of V. axillare-loaded serums on cell viability were detected by MTT assays. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Real-Time PCR methods were used to analyze the protein and mRNA expression of TNF-α, NF-κB, IκBα, and IKKβ. The results showed that V. axillare-loaded serum partially reversed the damaging effects of ethanol and NF-κB activator (phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate: PMA) and increased cell viability. The protein and mRNA expressions of TNF-α, NF-κB, IκBα, and IKKβ were significantly upregulated by ethanol and PMA while they were downregulated by V. axillare-loaded serum. In summary, V. axillare-loaded serum has significantly protective effect on GES-1 against ethanol-induced injury. The protective effect was likely linked to downregulation of TNF-α based NF-κB signal pathway.
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Sowbhagya R, Anupama SK, Bhagyalakshmi D, Anand S, Ravikiran T. Modulatory Effects of Decalepis hamiltonii Extract and Its Compounds on the Antioxidant Status of the Aging Rat Brain. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2017; 9:8-15. [PMID: 28584487 PMCID: PMC5450474 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.206219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of Decalepis hamiltonii (Dh) aqueous root extract and its compounds against age-related oxidative stress (OS) in the discrete regions of the rat brain. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar albino rats of 4- and 22-month-old were divided into control and six supplemented groups. The supplemented groups were orally administered with ellagic acid (EA), 4-hydroxyisophthalic acid (4-HIA), and Dh extract for 30 days. RESULTS Age-related decrease in antioxidant enzyme activities was noticed. The hippocampus was found to be more vulnerable to OS as seen by the elevation in the OS markers. Supplementation of the Dh extract, EA, and 4-HIA was found to be effective in up-regulating the antioxidant status. However, the extent of up-regulation was more evident in Dh supplemented animals. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that Dh extract and its compounds exhibit neuroprotective effects against age-related OS and can be used as a dietary therapeutic intervention for the treatment of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dundaiah Bhagyalakshmi
- Department of Biotechnology, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bangalore University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Santosh Anand
- Department of Biotechnology, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bangalore University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Tekupalli Ravikiran
- Department of Biotechnology, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bangalore University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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15
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Kapoor S, Dharmesh SM. Physiologically induced changes in bound phenolics and antioxidants, DNA/cytoprotective potentials in pectic poly/oligosaccharides of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:4874-4884. [PMID: 26939940 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antioxidant, cyto/DNA protective potentials are known to offer significant protection against free radical induced injury to cells or tissues and cellular damages that are envisaged in various diseases including chronic diseases like cancer, diabetes, etc, while galectin-3 inhibitory potentials are known to block or delay the process of metastasis in cancer. Antioxidant, cyto/DNA protection and galectin-3 inhibitory potentials were examined in pectic polysaccharides (PPs) and pectic oligosaccharides (POs) from four types of two varieties of tomatoes such as Sour (Mallika local variety) raw (SrRT-SrRTPP, SrRTPO), Sour ripe (SrRIT-SrRITPP, SrRITPO), Sweet (Rashmi local variety) raw (SwRT-SwRTPP, SwRTPO) and Sweet ripe (SwRIT-SwRITPP and SwRITPO). RESULTS Results indicate that unripe PPs and POs show approximately four- to five-fold better galectin-3 inhibitory property than ripe ones. An approximately nine- to 10-fold increase in galectin-3 inhibitory activity in sour variety was observed. The IC50 as determined by free radical scavenging (FRS), red blood cell (RBC) and DNA protection assays revealed reduction in FRS and RBC protective potencies in pectic oligosaccharides (POs) than pectic polysaccharides (PPs), supporting the fact that phenolics contribute towards these activities. Loss of activity could be attributed to the hydrolysis of certain phenolics during the ripening process as well as during conversion of PPs to POs. CONCLUSION This study, for the first time, showed changes in bioactivity profiling in unripened and ripened conditions in tomato. Precise alterations in biomolecular components, such as bound cinnamyl/ferulyl and vanillic acid derivatives, along with alterations in sugar composition that reflect changes in antioxidants, cyto/DNA protective and antimetastatic potentials, have been delineated. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabeeta Kapoor
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020, India
| | - Shylaja M Dharmesh
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020, India. ,
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Wang L, Wang X, Zhang SL, Zhu XM, Liu YQ, Song ZJ, Du WJ, Ji J, Cui CL, He X, Zhang CF, Guo CR, Wang CZ, Yuan CS. Gastroprotective effect of palmatine against acetic acid-induced gastric ulcers in rats. J Nat Med 2016; 71:257-264. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-016-1057-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ravikiran T, Sowbhagya R, Anupama SK, Anand S, Bhagyalakshmi D. Age-related changes in the brain antioxidant status: modulation by dietary supplementation of Decalepis hamiltonii and physical exercise. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 419:103-13. [PMID: 27379504 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2754-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The synergistic effects of physical exercise and diet have profound benefits on brain function. The present study was aimed to determine the effects of exercise and Decalepis hamiltonii (Dh) on age-related responses on the antioxidant status in discrete regions of rat brain. Male Wistar albino rats of 4 and 18 months old were orally supplemented with Dh extract and swim trained at 3 % intensity for 30 min/day, 5 days/week, for a period of 30 days. Supplementation of 100 mg Dh aqueous extract/kg body weight and its combination with exercise significantly elevated the antioxidant enzyme activities irrespective of age. Age-related and region-specific changes were observed in superoxide levels, and protein carbonyl and malondialdehyde contents, and were found to be decreased in both trained and supplemented groups. Levels of total thiols, protein, and nonprotein thiols decreased with age and significantly increased in the SW-T(+100 mg) groups. Our results demonstrated that the interactive effects of two treatments enhanced the antioxidant status and decreased the risk of protein and lipid oxidation in the rat brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tekupalli Ravikiran
- Department of Biotechnology, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bangalore University, Bengaluru, 560 056, India.
| | | | | | - Santosh Anand
- Department of Biotechnology, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bangalore University, Bengaluru, 560 056, India
| | - Dundaiah Bhagyalakshmi
- Department of Biotechnology, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bangalore University, Bengaluru, 560 056, India
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A novel β-carotene–associated carrot (Daucus carota L.) pectic polysaccharide. Nutrition 2016; 32:818-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sudha ML, Dharmesh SM, Pynam H, Bhimangouder SV, Eipson SW, Somasundaram R, Nanjarajurs SM. Antioxidant and cyto/DNA protective properties of apple pomace enriched bakery products. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2016; 53:1909-18. [PMID: 27413217 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-015-2151-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Apple pomace (AP), the residue that remains after the extraction of juice from apple accounts for ~25 % of total apple weight. Current study is aimed at identification of phytochemicals and utilization of Dehydrated apple pomace (DAP) in the preparation of bakery products with potential health benefits. DAP was prepared by drying the pomace obtained by crushing peeled apple fruits. DAP was incorporated into bakery products such as bun, muffin and cookies for value addition. Bioactivity such as free radical scavenging, cyto/DNA protectivity was evaluated in these products. DAP contained 17 g/100 g starch, 49.86 g/100 g fructose and 37 g/100 g dietary fibre. The phenolics and flavonoids content was 1.5 mg/g and 3.92 mg/g, respectively. Increase in DAP resulted in decreased volume and enhanced firmness of buns and muffins. DAP at 15 % in buns, 30 % in muffins and 20 % in cookies were found to be acceptable. DAP blended products exhibited better free radical scavenging as well as cyto/DNA protective properties suggesting the retention of bioactivity after baking. Addition of DAP potentially enhanced the bioactivity of the products evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Sudha
- Department of Flour Milling, Baking & Confectionary Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, -570020 India
| | - Shylaja M Dharmesh
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, -570020 India
| | - Hasitha Pynam
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, -570020 India
| | - Shivaleela V Bhimangouder
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, -570020 India
| | - Sushma W Eipson
- Department of Flour Milling, Baking & Confectionary Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, -570020 India
| | - Rajarathnam Somasundaram
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, -570020 India
| | - Shashirekha M Nanjarajurs
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, -570020 India
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Harsha MR, Chandra Prakash SV, Dharmesh SM. Modified pectic polysaccharide from turmeric ( Curcuma longa ): A potent dietary component against gastric ulcer. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 138:143-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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21
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Gastro protective and H+, K+-ATPase/H. pylori inhibitory properties of pectic polysaccharides from potato. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 84:385-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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22
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Chen H, Liao H, Liu Y, Zheng Y, Wu X, Su Z, Zhang X, Lai Z, Lai X, Lin ZX, Su Z. Protective effects of pogostone from Pogostemonis Herba against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Fitoterapia 2014; 100:110-7. [PMID: 25481373 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We examined the protective effect of pogostone (PO), a chemical constituent isolated from Pogostemonis Herba, on the ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Administration of PO at doses of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg body weight prior to ethanol ingestion effectively protected the stomach from ulceration. The gastric lesions were significantly ameliorated by all doses of PO as compared to the vehicle group. Pre-treatment with PO prevented the oxidative damage and the decrease of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) content. In addition, PO pretreatment markedly increased the mucosa levels of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), and decreased gastric malonaldehyde (MDA), relative to the vehicle group. In the mechanistic study, significant elevation of non-protein-sulfhydryl (NP-SH) was observed in the gastric mucosa pretreated by PO. Analysis of serum cytokines indicated that PO pretreatment obviously elevated the decrease of interleukin-10 (IL-10) level, while markedly mitigated the increment of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) secretions in ethanol-induced rats. Taken together, these results strongly indicate that PO could exert a gastro-protective effect against gastric ulceration, and the underlying mechanism might be associated with the stimulation of PGE2, improvement of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory status, as well as preservation of NP-SH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Chen
- College of Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijun Liao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuhong Liu
- College of Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifeng Zheng
- College of Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- College of Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuqing Su
- College of Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xie Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengquan Lai
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoping Lai
- College of Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China; Dongguan Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan 523808, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Xiu Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ziren Su
- College of Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China; Dongguan Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan 523808, People's Republic of China.
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Natarajamurthy SH, Dharmesh SM. REMOVED: Protective effect of Daucus carota against UV-DMBA induced skin cancer in mice. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 219:48-56. [PMID: 24812028 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Revised: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This article has been removed: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This article has been removed at the request of "Due to a processing error during the review process, this paper was erroneously published online prematurely. The Publisher apologizes to readers and the authors for any inconvenience caused."
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindhuja H Natarajamurthy
- Biochemistry & Nutrition Department, Central Food Technological Research Institute (Council of Scientific & Industrial Research), Mysore 570020, Karnataka, India
| | - Shylaja M Dharmesh
- Biochemistry & Nutrition Department, Central Food Technological Research Institute (Council of Scientific & Industrial Research), Mysore 570020, Karnataka, India.
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Nontraditional therapies to treat Helicobacter pylori infection. J Microbiol 2014; 52:259-72. [PMID: 24682990 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-014-3603-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Gram-negative pathogen Helicobacter pylori is increasingly more resistant to the three major antibiotics (metronidazole, clarithromycin and amoxicillin) that are most commonly used to treat infection. As a result, there is an increased rate of treatment failure; this translates into an overall higher cost of treatment due to the need for increased length of treatment and/or the requirement for combination or sequential therapy. Given the rise in antibiotic resistance, the complicated treatment regime, and issues related to patient compliance that stem from the duration and complexity of treatment, there is clearly a pressing need for the development of novel therapeutic strategies to combat H. pylori infection. As such, researchers are actively investigating the utility of antimicrobial peptides, small molecule inhibitors and naturopathic therapies. Herein we review and discuss each of these novel approaches as a means to target this important gastric pathogen.
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Shathish K, Guruvayoorappan C. Decalepis hamiltonii inhibits tumor progression and metastasis by regulating the inflammatory mediators and nuclear factor κB subunits. Integr Cancer Ther 2013; 13:141-51. [PMID: 24013642 DOI: 10.1177/1534735413502075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Metastasis is an extremely complex process that is a major problem in the management of cancer. In the present study, we had evaluated the antimetastatic activity of DECALEPIS HAMILTONI: using B16F-10 melanoma-induced experimental lung metastasis in a C57BL/6 mice model. D HAMILTONI treatment significantly ( : < .01) inhibited lung tumor nodule formation and reduced the lung collagen hydroxyproline, hexosamine, and uronic acid levels. Similarly serum sialic acid and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase levels were also significantly inhibited after D HAMILTONI treatment. The levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, granulocyte monocyte colony-stimulating factor, and IL-2 in the serum of these animals were significantly altered after D HAMILTONI treatment. The serum NO level was also found to be significantly decreased after D HAMILTONI treatment. This decreased NO level after D HAMILTONI treatment was also accompanied by decreased inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. The study reveals that D HAMILTONI treatment could alter proinflammatory cytokine production and could inhibit the activation and nuclear translocation of p65 and p50 subunits of nuclear factor κB in B16F-10 cells.
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Tvete Inngjerdingen K, Ballo N, Zhang BZ, Malterud KE, Michaelsen TE, Diallo D, Paulsen BS. A comparison of bioactive aqueous extracts and polysaccharide fractions from roots of wild and cultivated Cochlospermum tinctorium A. Rich. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2013; 93:136-143. [PMID: 23582214 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In Malian traditional medicine the roots of Cochlospermum tinctorium are used in the treatment of gastric ulcer, but extending harvesting is causing a growing concern of a dramatic reduction in the wild plant population. In the present study cultivation of C. tinctorium is evaluated, and structural components and bioactive properties of crude water extracts and isolated polysaccharide fractions from roots of wild and cultivated C. tinctorium are compared. The crude water extracts were shown to contain starch, pectin- and inulin-type polysaccharides, in addition to phenolic substances and protein, while the isolated acidic polysaccharide fractions contained mainly monosaccharides typical for pectins. The monosaccharide compositions of the polysaccharide fractions from roots of wild versus cultivated plants were comparable, albeit the yields in the cultivated roots were lower. Furthermore, the crude extracts and isolated polysaccharide fractions from wild and cultivated roots exhibited similar complement fixating activities, but were not able to activate macrophages. The crude extracts from cultivated roots were also shown to be moderate radical scavengers. The present study has shown that roots of cultivated C. tinctorium contain the same types of bioactive polysaccharides as the wild roots. However, in order to utilize roots of cultivated C. tinctorium in traditional medicine the cultivation method should be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Tvete Inngjerdingen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
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27
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Rao AR, Sindhuja HN, Dharmesh SM, Sankar KU, Sarada R, Ravishankar GA. Effective inhibition of skin cancer, tyrosinase, and antioxidative properties by astaxanthin and astaxanthin esters from the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:3842-51. [PMID: 23473626 DOI: 10.1021/jf304609j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Astaxanthin mono- (AXME) and diesters (AXDE) were characterized and examined for anticancer potency with total carotenoids (TC) and astaxanthin (AX) against UV-7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced skin cancer model in rat. At 200 μg/kg bw, AXDE and AXME reduced UV-DMBA-induced tumor incidences up to 96 and 88%, respectively, when compared to AX (66%) and TC (85%). UV-DMBA has been known to generate high levels of free radicals and tyrosinase enzyme, leading to characteristic symptoms of skin pigmentation and tumor initiation. Intriguingly, ~7-fold increase in tyrosinase and 10-fold decrease in antioxidant levels were normalized by AXDE and AXME as opposed to only ~1.4-2.2-fold by AX and TC, respectively. This result together with the appearance of 72 and 58 ng/mL of retinol in the serum of respective AXE-treated (AXDE + AXME) and AX-treated animals suggested that better anticancer potency of AXEs could be due to increased bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambati Ranga Rao
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, ‡Biochemistry & Nutrition Department, and #Food Engineering Department, Central Food Technological Research Institute, CSIR , Mysore 570 020, Karnataka, India
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Nartey ET, Ofosuhene M, Agbale CM. Anti-ulcerogenic activity of the root bark extract of the African laburnum "Cassia sieberiana" and its effect on the anti-oxidant defence system in rats. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 12:247. [PMID: 23228052 PMCID: PMC3577646 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the widespread use of roots of Cassia sieberiana in managing several health conditions including gastric ulcer disease, there is little scientific data to support the rational phytotherapeutics as an anti-ulcer agent. This paper reports an evaluation of the in vivo anti-oxidant properties of an aqueous root bark extract of C. sieberiana in experimental gastric ulcer rats in a bid to elucidate its mechanism of action. METHODS Fisher 344 (F(344)) rats received pretreatment of C. sieberiana root bark extract (500, 750, and 1000 mg/kg body wt.) for 7 days after which there was induction of gastric injury with absolute ethanol. The mean ulcer index (MUI) was calculated and serum total anti-oxidant level determined. Gastric mucosal tissues were prepared and the activity level of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were measured together with the level of lipid hydroperoxides (LPO). Statistical difference between treatment groups was analysed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Dunnett's post hoc t test. Statistical significance was calculated at P< 0.05. RESULTS The administration of ethanol triggered severe acute gastric ulcer and pretreatment with C. sieberiana root bark extract significantly and dose dependently protected against this effect. The root bark extract also dose dependently and significantly inhibited the ethanol induced decrease in activity levels of the enzymes SOD, CAT and GPx. The extract also inhibited the ethanol-induced decrease in level of serum total anti-oxidant capacity. The increase in ethanol-induced LPO level and MPO activity were also significantly and dose-dependently inhibited by the root bark extract. CONCLUSIONS The gastro-cytoprotective effect, inhibition of decrease in activity of gastric anti-oxidant enzymes and MPO as well as the inhibition of gastric LPO level suggests that one of the anti-ulcer mechanisms of C. sieberiana is the anti-oxidant property.
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Yang Q, Huang B, Li H, Zhang C, Zhang R, Huang Y, Wang J. Gastroprotective activities of a polysaccharide from the fruiting bodies of Pleurotus ostreatus in rats. Int J Biol Macromol 2012; 50:1224-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Inngjerdingen KT, Meskini S, Austarheim I, Ballo N, Inngjerdingen M, Michaelsen TE, Diallo D, Paulsen BS. Chemical and biological characterization of polysaccharides from wild and cultivated roots of Vernonia kotschyana. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 139:350-358. [PMID: 22107838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In Malian traditional medicine the roots of Vernonia kotschyana are used for treating gastric ulcer and gastritis. In 2006, 9000kg of roots from Vernonia kotschyana were used to produce Gastrosedal, an ameliorated traditional medicine in Mali. Harvesting from the wild, the main source of raw material, is causing a growing concern of diminishing populations of the plant, and Vernonia kotschyana is now being cultivated in several areas around Mali. In the current study the structures and bioactive properties of isolated polysaccharides from wild and cultivated Vernonia kotschyana were compared. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pectin- and inulin-type polysaccharides were isolated from the roots of cultivated and wild Vernonia kotschyana. The isolated polysaccharides were investigated regarding their chemical compositions, and for their abilities to fixate human complement and activate macrophages from a mouse macrophage cell line. RESULTS No significant differences in the carbohydrate composition of the fractions isolated from the cultivated versus the wild roots were observed. A previously reported pectic arabinogalactan Vk2a was found in both the cultivated and the wild roots in this study, and exhibited potent complement fixation activity, and a moderate activation of macrophages. CONCLUSIONS The present study has shown that the cultivated roots of Vernonia kotschyana contain the same types of bioactive polysaccharides as the wild roots. It is therefore preliminarily feasible for the cultivated roots of Vernonia kotschyana to be used as a herbal medicine to replace the wild roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- K T Inngjerdingen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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31
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Nanjundaiah SM, Annaiah HNM, Dharmesh SM. Gastroprotective Effect of Ginger Rhizome (Zingiber officinale) Extract: Role of Gallic Acid and Cinnamic Acid in H(+), K(+)-ATPase/H. pylori Inhibition and Anti-Oxidative Mechanism. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2011:249487. [PMID: 19570992 PMCID: PMC3136331 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nep060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2008] [Accepted: 05/28/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Zinger officinale has been used as a traditional source against gastric disturbances from time immemorial. The ulcer-preventive properties of aqueous extract of ginger rhizome (GRAE) belonging to the family Zingiberaceae is reported in the present study. GRAE at 200 mg kg−1 b.w. protected up to 86% and 77% for the swim stress-/ethanol stress-induced ulcers with an ulcer index (UI) of 50 ± 4.0/46 ± 4.0, respectively, similar to that of lansoprazole (80%) at 30 mg kg−1 b.w. Increased H+, K+-ATPase activity and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were observed in ulcer-induced rats, while GRAE fed rats showed normalized levels and GRAE also normalized depleted/amplified anti-oxidant enzymes in swim stress and ethanol stress-induced animals. Gastric mucin damage was recovered up to 77% and 74% in swim stress and ethanol stress, respectively after GRAE treatment. GRAE also inhibited the growth of H. pylori with MIC of 300 ± 38 μg and also possessed reducing power, free radical scavenging ability with an IC50 of 6.8 ± 0.4 μg mL−1 gallic acid equivalent (GAE). DNA protection up to 90% at 0.4 μg was also observed. Toxicity studies indicated no lethal effects in rats fed up to 5 g kg−1 b.w. Compositional analysis favored by determination of the efficacy of individual phenolic acids towards their potential ulcer-preventive ability revealed that between cinnamic (50%) and gallic (46%) phenolic acids, cinnamic acid appear to contribute to better H+, K+-ATPase and Helicobacter pylori inhibitory activity, while gallic acid contributes significantly to anti-oxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddaraju M Nanjundaiah
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Central Food Technological Research Institute, CSIR, Mysore 570 020, Karnataka, India
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Vismaya, Belagihally SM, Rajashekhar S, Jayaram VB, Dharmesh SM, Thirumakudalu SKC. Gastroprotective Properties of Karanjin from Karanja (Pongamia pinnata) Seeds; Role as Antioxidant and H, K-ATPase Inhibitor. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2011:747246. [PMID: 21799691 PMCID: PMC3137509 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/neq027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2009] [Accepted: 03/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Plant extracts are the most attractive sources of newer drugs and have been shown to produce promising results for the treatment of gastric ulcers. Karanjin, a furano-flavonoid has been evaluated for anti-ulcerogenic property by employing adult male albino rats. Karanjin (>95% pure) was administered to these rats in two different concentrations, that is, 10 and 20 mg kg−1 b.w. Ulcers were induced in the experimental animals by swim and ethanol stress. Serum, stomach and liver-tissue homogenates were assessed for biochemical parameters. Karanjin inhibited 50 and 74% of ulcers induced by swim stress at 10 and 20 mg kg−1 b.w., respectively. Gastric mucin was protected up to 85% in case of swim stress, whereas only 47% mucin recovery was seen in ethanol stress induced ulcers. H+, K+-ATPase activity, which was increased 2-fold in ulcer conditions, was normalized by Karanjin in both swim/ethanol stress-induced ulcer models. Karanjin could inhibit oxidative stress as evidenced by the normalization of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme (i.e., catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) levels. Karanjin at concentrations of 20 mg kg−1 b.w., when administered orally for 14 days, did not indicate any lethal effects. There were no significant differences in total protein, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase, serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase between normal and Karanjin-treated rats indicating no adverse effect on major organs. During treatment schedule, animals remained as healthy as control animals with normal food and water intake and body weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vismaya
- Department of Protein Chemistry and Technology, Central Food Technological Research Institute, CSIR, Mysore 570020, Karnataka, India
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Inhibition of Helicobacter pylori growth and its cytotoxicity by 2-hydroxy 4-methoxy benzaldehyde of Decalepis hamiltonii (Wight & Arn); a new functional attribute. Biochimie 2010; 93:678-88. [PMID: 21185348 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2010.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori mediated gastric ulcer and cancers are common global problems since it was found to colonize in ∼50% of gastric ulcer/cancer patients. Decalepis hamiltonii, (Asclepiadaceae family) extracts have been depicted with medicinal properties supporting the traditional knowledge of health beneficial attributes of D. hamiltonii. Previously we have shown that both aqueous as well as methanol extracts of D. hamiltonii containing abundant phenolics with predominant levels (20-40% of total phenolics) of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzaldehyde (HMBA). Despite higher levels, HMBA contributed very little to the antioxidant activity (<10%) when compared to other phenolic compounds in the extract. In the current study we attempted to explore antimicrobial property, particularly anti-H. pylori activity, since traditional users document D. hamiltonii as a fighter of microbial infections. HMBA was isolated from the roots of D. hamiltonii by hydrodistillation and cold crystallization method; identified by HPLC and characterized using ESI-MS and confirmed by NMR studies as a compound of molecular mass 152 Da. Isolated HMBA was found to inhibit the growth of H. pylori, a potential ulcerogen in a dose dependent manner with MIC of ∼39 μg/mL as apposed to that of amoxicillin (MIC - 26 μg/mL) for which H. pylori is susceptible. Results were further substantiated by the lysis of H. pylori by electron microscopy and electrophoretic studies. Studies on the mechanism of action indicated the counteracting effect of vacuolating toxin (VacA) of H. pylori which otherwise would lead to host cell cytotoxicity. Further the increased binding ability of HMBA to DNA and protein offered an impact on DNA protectivity and bioavailability. Results for the first time provide a direct evidence for anti-microbial attribute of HMBA. Insignificant antioxidant attribute of HMBA also reveals the anti-H. pylori activity via mechanisms other than antioxidative routes.
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Curcio A, Sasso O, Melisi D, Nieddu M, La Rana G, Russo R, Gavini E, Boatto G, Abignente E, Calignano A, Rimoli MG. Galactosyl Prodrug of Ketorolac: Synthesis, Stability, and Pharmacological and Pharmacokinetic Evaluations. J Med Chem 2009; 52:3794-800. [DOI: 10.1021/jm900051r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Curcio
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry and Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federico II University of Naples, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy, and Department of Drug, Chemistry and Toxicology and Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/a, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Oscar Sasso
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry and Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federico II University of Naples, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy, and Department of Drug, Chemistry and Toxicology and Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/a, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Daniela Melisi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry and Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federico II University of Naples, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy, and Department of Drug, Chemistry and Toxicology and Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/a, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Nieddu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry and Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federico II University of Naples, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy, and Department of Drug, Chemistry and Toxicology and Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/a, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanna La Rana
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry and Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federico II University of Naples, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy, and Department of Drug, Chemistry and Toxicology and Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/a, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Roberto Russo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry and Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federico II University of Naples, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy, and Department of Drug, Chemistry and Toxicology and Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/a, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Gavini
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry and Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federico II University of Naples, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy, and Department of Drug, Chemistry and Toxicology and Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/a, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Gianpiero Boatto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry and Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federico II University of Naples, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy, and Department of Drug, Chemistry and Toxicology and Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/a, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Enrico Abignente
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry and Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federico II University of Naples, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy, and Department of Drug, Chemistry and Toxicology and Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/a, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonio Calignano
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry and Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federico II University of Naples, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy, and Department of Drug, Chemistry and Toxicology and Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/a, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Rimoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry and Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federico II University of Naples, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy, and Department of Drug, Chemistry and Toxicology and Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/a, 07100, Sassari, Italy
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Kamath BS, Srikanta BM, Dharmesh SM, Sarada R, Ravishankar GA. Ulcer preventive and antioxidative properties of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 590:387-95. [PMID: 18602387 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2008] [Revised: 05/09/2008] [Accepted: 06/03/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The anti-ulcer properties of astaxanthin fractions such as total carotenoid and astaxanthin esters from Haematococcus pluvialis were evaluated in ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in rats. Since oxygen radical release is a pathogenic factor of ethanol-induced gastric damage, astaxanthin - a free radical scavenger, was investigated as a potential ulcer preventive agent. Astaxanthin fractions - total carotenoid and astaxanthin esters were orally administered to experimental rats at 100, 250 and 500 microg/kg b.w. prior to ulcer induction. Alcian blue binding assay indicates that, total carotenoid and astaxanthin esters at 500 microg/kg b.w could protect gastric mucin approximately 40% and 67% respectively. Pre-treatment with astaxanthin esters, also resulted in significant increase in antioxidant enzyme levels - catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase in stomach homogenate. Histopathological examination substantiated the protective effect of astaxanthin in pre-treated rats. The increased antioxidant potencies such as free radical scavenging activity with an IC(50) of approximately 8 microg/ml and reducing power abilities (59 x 10(3) U/g) in vitro, reveal that H. pluvialis astaxanthin may protect gastric mucosal injury by antioxidative mechanism. In addition, approximately 23 fold increased lipoxygenase-inhibitory property, in comparison with standard astaxanthin and significant H(+), K(+)-ATPase-inhibitory activity of astaxanthin esters, in comparison with known proton pump blocking anti-ulcer drug - omeprazole, may envisage the potential gastroprotective effect by regulating the gastric mucosal injury and gastric acid secretion by the gastric cell during ulcer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burde Sandesh Kamath
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020, India
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